常见营养词汇中英文对照表

中英文名词对照A烟曲霉A.fumigatus构巢曲霉A.nidulans模式曲霉A.nominus赭曲霉A.ochraceus寄生曲霉A.parasiticus杂色曲霉A.versicolor吸收剂量absorbed dose每日允许摄入量acceptable daily intake，ADI乙酰磺胺酸钾acesuffate potassium乙酰CoA acetyl CoA酸价acid value，AV酸度调节剂acidulating agent苯乙烯-丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物acrylonitrile butadiene styrene，ABS 苯乙烯与丙烯腈的共聚物acrylonitrile styrene，AS活性系数activity coefficient，AC急性暴发性脚气病acute beriberi生热作用adaptive thermogenesis腺苷酸环化酶adenylate cyclase适宜摄入量adequate intake，AI脂联素adiponectin青春发育期adolescence黄曲霉毒素B l Aflatoxin B l，AFB l丙氨酸alanine(Ala)白蛋白albumin尿黑酸尿症alcaptonuria酒精滥用alcohol abuse酒精依赖alcohol dependence，alcoholism糊粉层aleurone layer白细胞缺乏症alimentary toxic aleukia，A TA阿力甜alitame蒜素allicin蒜苷alliin蒜氨酸酶allinase全反式视黄醛all-trans retinalα-胡萝卜素alpha-carotene交链孢霉属Alternaria苋菜红amaranth美国糖尿病协会American Diabetes Association，ADA 氨基酸amino acid氨基酸模式amino acid pattern氨基酸池amino acid pool氨基酸评分amino acid score，AAS氨基酸评分模式amino acid scoring pattern氨基咪唑氮杂芳烃ammo-imidazoaza-arenes，AIAs氨基咔啉amino-carbolines2-氨基-3-甲基咪唑并[4，5-f]喹啉2-amino-3-methylimidazo-[4，5-f]quinoline，IQ2-氨基-3-甲基咪唑并[4，5-f]喹噁啉2-amino-3- methylimidazo-[4，5-f]quinoxaline，IQx 支链淀粉amylopectin直链淀粉amylose抗神经炎素aneurin血管紧张素原angiotensinogen抗生酮作用antiketogenesis抗氧化剂antioxidant口蹄疫aphtae epizooticae载脂蛋白E apolipoprotein E，ApoE表观消化率apparent digestibility阿拉伯胶arabic gum阿拉伯糖arabinose花生酸arachidic acid花生四烯酸arachidonic acid精氨酸arginine(Arg)节菱孢霉arthrinium芳烃羟化酶aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase，AHH抗坏血酸ascorbic acid，ascorbate天门冬酰胺asparagine(Asn)天门冬酰苯丙氨酸甲酯(阿斯帕坦)aspartame天门冬氨酸aspartic acid(Asp)黄曲霉Aspergillus flavus黄曲霉毒素aspergillus flavus toxin，aflatoxin曲霉菌属Aspergillus Micheli动脉粥样硬化atherosclerosis，AS三磷酸腺苷adenosine triphosphate，ATP2-氨基芴2-aminofluoreneB芽胞杆菌属Bacillus蜡样芽胞杆菌bacillus cereus基础代谢率basal metabolic rate，BMR基础代谢basal metabolism，BM基础能量消耗basic energy expenditure，BEE贝可勒尔becquerel甜菜红beet red苯甲酸benzoic acid苯并芘benzopyrene脚气病Beriberiβ-胡萝卜素beta-caroteneβ-隐黄素beta-cryptoxanthin双黄酮类biflavonoids生物富集作用bioconcentration生物电阻抗分析bioelectrical impendence analysis生物价biological value，BV生物标志物biomarker生物素biotin眼结膜毕脱氏斑Bitot’s spots黑豆红black bean red漂白剂bleaching agent体质指数body mass index，BMI谷皮bran母乳breast milk布氏杆菌病brucellosis布鲁塞尔芽甘蓝Brussels sprouts奶油butter丁基羟基茴香醚butylated hydroxyanisole，BHA二丁基羟基甲苯butylated hydroxytoluene，BHT丁酸butyric acidC大肠弯曲菌C．coli胎儿弯曲菌胎儿亚种C．fetus，subsp fetus空肠弯曲菌C．jejuni降钙素calcitonin钙calcium钙结合蛋白质calcium-binding protein卡calorie，cal环磷酸腺苷cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP 菜油固醇campesterol弯曲菌campylobacter癌cancer罐头食品canned food斑蝥黄canthaxanthin癸酸capric acid己酸caproic acid辛酸caprylic acid辣椒红素capsanthin焦糖caramel葛缕子种籽caraway seeds碳水化合物carbohydrate碳水化合物反应元件carbohydrate response element二氧化碳carbon dioxide羰基价carbonyl group value，CGV类胡萝卜素carotenoids红花黄carthamin yellow香芹酮carvone酪蛋白casein细胞视黄醛结合蛋白Ⅱcellular retinal binding protein typeⅡ，CRBP-Ⅱ纤维素cellulose环磷酸鸟苷cyclic guanosine monophosphate，cGMP化学评分chemical score叶绿素chlorophyll胆钙化醇cholecalciferol胆固醇cholesterol胆固醇酯cholesterol ester铬chromium乳糜微粒chylomicron，CM糜蛋白酶chymotrypsin顺式调控元件cis-acting element顺式脂肪酸cis-fatty acid柠檬酸循环citric acid cycle柑桔油citrus oil芽枝霉属Cladosporium梭状芽孢杆菌属Clostridium肉毒梭菌clostridium botulinum产气荚膜梭菌clostridium perfringens二十二碳五烯酸(鲦鱼酸) clupanodonic acid钴cobalt操作规范codes of practice食品法典codex食品法典委员会Codex Alimentarius Commission，CAC食品添加剂和污染物法典委员会Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants，CCFAC 冷链cold chain大肠菌群coliform group菌落形成单位colony forming unit，cfu着色剂colour护色剂colour fixative商业杀菌commercial sterilization膳食和健康委员会Committee on Diet and Health食品化学品法典委员会Committee on Food Chemicals Codex社区营养community nutrition竞争受体结合试验competitive receptor binding assay蛋白质互补作用complementary action成分混合component blending计算机控制的断层扫描computerized tomographic scans炼乳condensed milk条件必需氨基酸conditionally essential amino acid先天畸形congenital malformation眼结膜印迹细胞学法conjunctival impression cytology，CIC方便食品convenience food铜copper纠偏措施corrective action库仑coulomb越桔红cowberry red关键控制措施critical control measure关键控制点critical control point，CCP关键限值critical limits酸奶cultured milk氰化甙cyanogenic glycosides环磷酰胺cyclophosphamide半胱氨酸cysteine(Cys)胱氨酸cystine细胞色素P450酶系cytochrome P450s，CYPβ-胡萝卜素-15，15′-二加氧酶β-carotene-15，15′-dioxygenaseD大豆甙daidzein7，4′-二羟基异黄酮daidzin暗适应dark adaptationD值decimal reduction time脱氢醋酸dehydroacetic acid痴呆dementia脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇deoxynivalenol，DON脱氧核糖deoxyribose皮炎dermatitis糊精dextrin糖尿病diabetes mellitus，DM二醋酸藨草镰刀菌烯醇diacetoxyscirpenol，DAS二烯丙基-硫化物diallyl sulfide腹泻diarrhea双对氯苯基二氯乙烷dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane，DDD 双对氯苯基乙烯dichlorodiphenyl ethylene，DDE双对氯苯基三氯乙烷dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane，DDT 膳食纤维dietary fiber膳食叶酸当量dietary folate equivalence，DFE膳食指南或称膳食指导方针dietary guideline膳食营养素参考摄入量dietary reference intakes，DRIs消化率digestibility二甲基苯并蒽dimethylbenzanthracene二噁偀dioxin2肽dipeptide直接测热法direct calorimetry直接重复序列1 direct repeat-1，Dr-1双糖disaccharide5′-鸟苷酸二钠disodium-5'-guanylate5′-肌苷酸二钠disodium-5'-inosinate二萜烯diterpene肠憩室病diverticulosisDL-丙氨酸DL-alanine脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid，DNADNA结合结构域DNA-binding domainDNA结合蛋白DNA-binding protein二十二碳六烯酸docosahexenoic acid，DHA基因供体donor organism剂量当量dose equivalent干性脚气病dry beriberi干浸dry infusion双能X线dual-energy X-ray2，4-二氯酚2，4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid，2，4-D8-氧-7，8-二氢-2-脱氧鸟苷8-oxo-7，8-dihydro-2-desoxyguanosineE大肠埃希菌E．coli反油酸elaidic acid元素elements胚芽embryo肽链内切酶endopeptidase胚乳endosperm增强子enhancer肠杆菌属Enterobacter肠抑胃素enterogestrone肠出血性大肠埃希菌Enterohemorrhagic E．coli，EHEC肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌Enteroinvasive E．coli，EJEC肠致病性大肠埃希菌Enteropathogenic E．coli，EPEC肠产毒性大肠埃希菌Enterotoxigenic E．coli，TEC酶制剂enzyme preparation麦角钙化醇ergocalciferol麦角固醇ergosterol芥子酸erucic acid猪丹毒erysipelas suum红细胞谷胱甘肽还原酶活性系数erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient，EGRAC 红细胞转酮酶活性系数erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient，E-TKAC赤鲜糖醇erythtitol埃希菌属Escherichia必需氨基酸essential amino acid必需脂肪酸essential fatty acid，EFA估计平均需要量estimated average requirement，EAR雌激素estrogen真菌Eumycetes淡炼乳evaporated milk猪水泡病exanthema vesiculosa suum摄入量评估exposure assessment照射量exposure dose12，13-环氧单端孢霉烯族化合物12，13-epoxytrichothecenesF禾谷镰刀菌F．graminearum雪腐镰刀菌F．nivale粉红镰刀菌F．roseum拟枝孢镰刀菌F．sporotrichioides三线镰刀菌F．tricinctum要因加算法factorial method去脂体质fat free mass，FFM脂肪替代产品fat substitutes脂肪酸fatty acid脂肪酸合成酶fatty acid synthetase，FAS脂肪酸结合蛋白fatty acid-binding protein，FABP铁蛋白ferritin纤维fiber平酸腐败flat-sour spoilage胀气因子flatus-producing factor黄烷醇类flavanols二氢黄酮及二氢黄酮醇类flavanones and flavanonols黄酮类化合物flavonoids黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸flavin adenine dinucleotide，FAD黄素单核苷酸flavin mononucleotide，FMN黄杆菌属Flavobacterium黄素激酶flavokinase黄酮及黄酮醇类flavones and flavonols黄素蛋白flavoprotein增味剂flavour enhancer亚麻flax氟fluorine叶酸folic acid食品添加剂food additives世界粮农组织Food and Agriculture Organization，FAO食品药品管理局Food and Drug Administration，FDA食品化学品法典Food Chemicals Codex，FCC食品药品化妆品法Food Drug and Cosmetic Act食品强化food fortification食品辐照food irradiation食物中毒food poisioning食品腐败变质food spoilage食源性疾病foodborne disease转基因食品food from genetically modified organisms，GMO food 污染食品的杂物foreign material亚胺甲基谷氨酸formiminoglutamic acid，FIGLU调制奶粉formula milk powder游离脂肪酸free fatty acid自由基free radicals果糖fructose伏马菌素fumonisin半知菌纲Fungi imperfecti杀(真)菌剂fungicide镰刀菌属Fusarium link梨孢镰刀菌Fusarium poaeG半乳聚糖galactosan半乳糖galactose半乳糖醛酸galacturonic acidγ-胡萝卜素gamma-carotene基因工程技术gene engineering基因多态性gene polymorphismGRAS物质general recognized as safe染料木黄酮genistein5，7，4'-三羟基异黄酮genistin鼻疽glanders河豚globefish球蛋白globulin葡萄糖二胺glucarates糖原异生作用gluconeogenesis葡萄糖glucose葡萄糖耐量因子glucose tolerance factor，GTF葡萄糖／胰岛素反应元件glucose／insulin response element，GIRE 芥子油甙glucosinolates葡萄糖醛酸glucuronic acid葡萄糖苷酸glucuronide谷氨酸glutamic acid(Glu)谷氨酰胺glutamine(Gln)谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶glutathione peroxidase，GSH—Px谷胱甘肽-S转移酶glutathione S-transferase，GST谷蛋白glutelin血糖指数glycemic index，GI甘油单月桂酸酯glycerol monolaurate氨基乙酸glycin甘氨酸glycine(Gly)配糖碱glycoalkaloids糖原glycogen甘油水解酶glycohydrolase甘草glycyrrhiza良好农业生产工艺good agricultural practice良好卫生规范good hygienic practice，GHP良好生产规范good manufacturing practice，GMP棉酚gossypol戈瑞gray，Gy鸟苷酸环化酶guanylate cyclase瓜拉胶guar gum污染物指导性水平guideline levels for contaminants指南guidelines树胶gumγ-谷氨酰羧基肽酶γ-glutamyl carboxypeptidase半乳糖醛酸多聚体β-1，4-D-galacturonic acid polymersH嗜盐杆菌属Halobacterium嗜盐球菌属Halococcus皮褶卡钳Harpenden危害hazard危害分析关键控制点hazard analysis critical control points，HACCP危害特征的描述hazard characterization危害的识别hazard identification年龄别身高height for age半纤维素hemicellulose含铁血黄素hemosiderin肝增强因子hepatic enriched factor，HNF-4肝核因子hepatic nuclear factor肝α-生育酚转移蛋白hepatic α-tocopherol transfer Protein，α-TTP除草剂herbicide杂环胺heterocyclic amines高密度脂蛋白high-density lipoprotein，HDL组胺histamine组氨酸histidine(His)基因受体host organism，host recipient人绒毛膜促性腺激素human chorionic gonadotropin，HCG人绒毛膜生长素human chorionic somatomammotropin，HCS囊虫病hydatid disease欧共体儿童保护组织hyperactive children’s support group，HACSG高胡萝卜素血症hyper-carotenemia高脂血症hyperlipidemia3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A，HMG-CoAI理想体重ideal weightIGF结合蛋白3 IGF binding protein 3，IGFBP3先天代谢性缺陷inborn errors of metabolism收入弹性income elasticity营养质量指数index of nutrition quality，INQ靛蓝indigo carmine间接测热法indirect calorimetry吲哚-3-甲醇indole-3-carbinol吲哚indole肌醇inositol杀(昆)虫剂insecticide不溶性纤维insoluble fiber快速食品instant food胰岛素依赖型糖尿病insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus，IDDM胰岛素样生长因子insulin-like growth factor，IGF个体间差异inter-individual variability白细胞介素-6 interleukin-6，IL-6白细胞介素-8 interleukin-8，IL-8细胞融合internalization国际辐射单位测量委员会International Commission of Radiation Units andMeasurements，ICRU国际数据系统international numbering system，INS碘iodine喹啉类IQ喹噁啉类IQx铁iron缺铁性贫血期iron deficiency anemia，IDA红细胞生成缺铁期iron deficiency erythropoiesis，IDE铁减少期iron deficiency store，ID铁调节蛋白iron regulatory protein，IRP铁反应元件iron responsive element，IRE辐照食品irradiated food异黄酮isoflavones异黄酮及二氢异黄酮类isoflavones and isoflavanones异亮氨酸isoleucine(Ile)异麦芽醇isomaltitol异硫氰酸盐isothiocyanates同位素isotopeJ焦耳joule，J少年期juvenileK神奈川Kanagawa酮血症ketosis千卡kilocalorie，kcalorie，kcal千焦耳kilojoule，kJ微量凯氏定氮法KjeldahlL乳糖醇lactitol乳白蛋白lactoalbumin乳杆菌属Lactobacillus乳铁蛋白lactoferrin乳糖lactose乳糖不耐受性lactose intolerance月桂酸laurie acid瘦体质量lean body mass，LBM瘦组织lean tissue卵磷脂lecithin乳素lectcynin植物凝血素lectins瘦素leptin亮氨酸leucine(Leu)木聚素lignans木质素lignin限制氨基酸limiting amino acid农药残留限量limits for pesticide residues柠檬油精limonene亚油酸linoleic acid脂类lipids李斯特菌属Listeria罗汉果素lou han guo extract低出生体重low birth weight，LBW低密度脂蛋白胆固醇low density lipoprotein-cholesterol，LDL-C 低级脂肪酸单甘油酯low fatty acid simple glyceride低密度脂蛋白low-density lipoprotein，LDLL-丙酮酸激酶L-pyruvate kinase，L-PK光黄素lumiflavin黄体素lutein番茄红素lycopene赖氨酸lysine(Lys)溶菌酶lysozymeα-亚麻酸α-linolenic acidγ-亚麻酸γ-1inolenic acidM摩氏摩根菌M．morganii常量元素macroelement，major element宏量营养素macronutrient美拉德反应maillard reaction丙二醛malondialdehyde，MDA麦芽糖醇maltitol麦芽糖maltose锰manganese甘露醇mannitol甘露糖-糖蛋白mannosylated glycoprotein边缘缺乏marginal deficiency大肠菌群最近似数maximum probable number，MPN最大残留限量maximum residue limits三聚氰胺甲醛melamine-formaldehyde，MF薄荷醇menthol蛋氨酸methionine(Met)亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶methylene tetrahydrofolate reducase，MTHFR 胶团micelles微球菌属Micrococcus微量元素microelement，trace element微量营养素micronutrient奶粉milk powder矿物质mineral奇异果素miracle混溶钙池miscible calcium pool丝裂霉素mitomycin复合奶mixture milk锰-超氧化物歧化酶Mn-SOD改进的相对剂量反应试验modified relative dose response test，MRDR 湿浸moist infusion霉菌molds分子营养学molecular nutrition钼molybdenum紫红曲霉monascaus purpureus红曲红素monascorubrin监控monitor单糖monosaccharide谷氨酸钠monosodium L-glutamate单萜类monoterpenes单不饱和脂肪酸monounsaturated fatty acid摩根菌属Morganella粘胶mucilage毛霉属Mucor簟类mushroom霉菌毒素mycotoxin肉豆蔻酸myristic acid葡糖硫苷酶myrosinase漆斑菌属Myrothecium toda4-甲基咪唑4-methylimidazoleN色甙nasunin天然等同色素nature-identical colours负氮平衡negative nitrogen balance新糖(果糖低聚糖) neosugar二十四碳单烯酸(神经酸)nervonic acid蛋白质净利用率net protein utilization，NPU尼克酸niacin烟酸又名尼克酸niacin，nicotinic acid镍nickel辅酶I nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide，NAD辅酶II nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosophate，NADP 烟酸当量nicotinic equivalence，NE乳酸链球菌素nisin亚硝酸盐nitrite氮平衡nitrogen balance氮平衡指数nitrogen balance index，NBI雪腐镰刀菌烯醇nivalenol，NIV甲基硝基亚硝基胍N-methyl—N’nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine，MNNGN-亚硝酰胺N-nitrosamideN-亚硝基化合物N-nitroso compounds无明显作用水平no observed effect level，NOEL非必需氨基酸nonessential amino acid非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus，NIDDM元明显损害水平non-observed adverse effect level，NOAEL核因子K B nuclear factor K B，NF K B磁共振扫描nuclear magnetic resonance scans核素nuclein营养素nutrient营养nutrition营养生理需要量nutritional requirement营养监测nutritional surveillance营养调查nutritional survey营养价值nutritional value尼龙nylonβ-硝基丙酸β-nitropropionic acidO燕麦素oatrim肥胖obesity必要的氮损失obligatory nitrogen losses赭曲霉毒素ochratoxin油酸oleic acid低聚原花青素oligomeric proanthocyanidins，OPCs寡肽oligopeptide寡糖oligosaccharide高赖氨酸玉米Opaque-2和Floury-2口服葡萄糖耐量试验oral glucose tolerance test，OGTT有机食品organic food鸟氨酸脱羧酶ornithine decarboxylase，ODC渗透干燥osmotic drying骨质软化症osteomalacia骨质疏松症osteoporosis过营养状况over nutrition氧化型谷胱甘肽oxidized glutathione，GSSG含氧oxygen-containing无氧oxygen-freeP黄绿青霉P．citreoviride桔青霉P．citrinum圆弧青霉P．cyclopium扩展青霉P．expansum奇异变形杆菌P．mirabikis雷氏普罗威登斯菌P．rettgeri皱褶青霉P．rugulosum荨麻青霉P．urticae普通变形杆菌P．vulgaris异麦芽酮糖醇(又称帕拉金糖)palatinose棕榈酸palmitic acid棕榈油酸palmitoleic acid辣椒红paprika orange麻痹性贝类paralysis shell巴氏消毒法pasteurization巴氏杀菌乳pasteurized milk展青霉素patulin果胶pectin癞皮病pellagra青霉Penicillium islandicum青霉菌属Penicillium link戊聚糖pentosan薄荷peppermint肽peptide过氧化值peroxide value，POV过氧化物酶体增殖剂激活受体peroxisome proliferator activated receptor，PPAR 农药pesticide农药残留pesticide residue猪瘟pestis suum酚酸phenolic acid苯丙氨酸phenylaIanine(Phe)苯丙酮酸尿症phenylketonuria，PKU磷脂phospholipids磷phosphorus苯酞phthalides体力活动水平physical activity level，PAL物理性污染物physical contaminant植物化学物phytochemicals植物红细胞凝集素phytohematoagglutinin，PHA植物雌激素phyto-oestrogens植物固醇phytosterols空斑形成细胞plaque forming cell，PFC纤维蛋白溶酶原激活因子抑制物plasminogen activator inhibitor，PAI聚碳酸酯polycarbonate，PC氯代二苯并呋喃polychloro-dibenzofurans，PCDFs氯代二苯并-对-二噁偀polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins，PCDDs多环芳烃polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，PAH聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯polyethylene terephthalate，PET聚乙烯polyethylene，PE多肽polypeptide多酚polyphenols聚丙烯polypropylene，PP多糖polysaccharide聚苯乙烯polystyrene，PS多不饱和脂肪酸polyunsaturated fatty acid，PUFA聚氯乙烯polyvinyl chloride，PVC群体倍增population doublings，PDs正氮平衡positive nitrogen balancePPAR-结合蛋白PPAR-binding protein，PBP已形成的维生素A preformed vitamin A妊娠pregnancy学龄前儿童pre-school children防腐剂preservative抗癞皮病因子preventive pellagra，PP初级代谢产物primary metabolites孕酮progesterone激素原prohormone醇溶蛋白prolamin脯氨酸proline(Pro)启动子promoter基因启动子区域promoter region of gene丙酸propanoic acid没食子酸丙酯propyl gallate，PG前列腺素prostaglandins蛋白酶protease蛋白酶抑制剂protease inhibitors蛋白质protein经消化率修正的氨基酸评分protein digestibility corrected amino acid score．PDCAAS 蛋白质功效比值protein effciency ratio，PER蛋白质-能量营养不良protein-energy malnutrition，PEM变形杆菌proteus普罗威登斯菌属Providencid暂定每周耐受摄入量provisional tolerable Weeklv intake，PTWI维生素A原provitamin A假单胞菌属Pseudomonas椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp．Farinofermentans嗜冷菌psychrophile蝶酰谷氨酸，叶酸pteroylglutamic acid，PGA腐败putrefaction吡哆醛pyridoxal，PL吡哆胺pyridoxamine，PM吡哆醇pyridoxin，PN4-吡哆酸4-pyridoxic acid，4-PA5'-磷酸吡哆醛5'-pyridoxal phosphate，PLPQ槲皮素quercetin快餐食品quick serve-meal苯醌还原酶quinone reductaseR拉德rad放射性活度radiation activity放射性污染物radioactive contaminant放射性核素radionuclide萝卜红radish red氡radon，Rn棉子糖raffinose备餐食品ready to eat foods隐性高铁血红蛋白血症recessive methemoglobinemia膳食供给量recommended dietary allowance，RDA推荐摄入量recommended nutrient intake，RNI还原型谷胱甘肽reduced glutathione，GSH参考蛋白reference protein相对生物活性relative biologic activities相对剂量反应试验relative dose response test，RDR相对蛋白质值relative protein value，RPV伦琴当量rem肾溶质负荷renal solute load抵抗素resistin妊娠吸收实验resorption-gestation test静息代谢率resting metabolic rate，RMR视黄醛retinal视黄酸retinoic acid视黄酸受体／类维生素AX受体retinoic acid receptor／retinoid X receptor，RAR／RXR 类维生素A的X受体retinoid X receptor，RXR类维生素A retmoids视黄醇当量retmol equivalent，RE视黄醇结合蛋白retmol-binding protein，RBP视黄基磷酸酯retmyl phosphate视黄基酯retmyleasters视黄醇-磷酸-甘露醇的糖酯retinyl-phosphomannose根霉属Rhizopus核黄素riboflavin核糖ribose佝偻病rickets危险性分析risk analysis危险性评估risk assessment危险性特征的描述risk characterization危险性信息交流risk communication危险性管理risk management核糖核酸ribonucleic acid，RNARNA聚合酶RNA polymerase，RNA Pol玫瑰茄红roselle red红斑素rubropunctationS鲍氏志贺菌群S．boydii痢疾志贺菌S．dysenterine福氏志贺菌群S．flexneri宋内志贺菌群S．sonnei糖精saccharin沙门菌属salmonella猪霍乱沙门菌salmonella cholera suis肠炎沙门菌salmonella enteritidis鼠伤寒沙门菌salmonella typhimurium卫生和植物卫生应用措施协定sanitary and phytosanitary，SPS协定皂甙saponins饱和脂肪酸saturated fatty acid学龄儿童school children调味品seasonings仲丁胺sec-butylamine次级代谢产物secondary metabolites硒selenium半必需氨基酸semiessential amino acid丝氨酸serine(Ser)性激素结合球蛋白sex hormone binding globulin，SHBG 羊红细胞sheep red blood cell，SRBC虫胶红(紫胶红)shellac red志贺菌属Shigella唾液酸sialic acid，SA希沃特sievert单线态氧single oxygen，1 O2脱脂奶粉skimmed milk powder环己基氨基磺酸钠sodium cyclamates双乙酸钠sodium diacetate低亚硫酸钠sodium hydrosulfite焦亚硫酸钠sodium pyrosulfite无酒精饮料soft drinks龙葵素solanine可溶性纤维soluble fiber山梨酸sorbic acid山梨醇sorbitol高梁红sorghum red大豆皂甙soya saponin，SS节约蛋白质作用sparing protein action食物特殊动力作用specific dynamic action，SDA河豚毒素spheroidine拼接splicing原发性高血压大鼠spotaneous hypertension rat，SHR固醇调节元件结合蛋白激活蛋白SREBP cleavage-activating protein，SCAP黑色葡萄状穗霉Stachybotus corda水苏糖stachyose标准standard装量规定standards of fill of container特征性规定standards of identity质量规定standards of quality葡萄球菌属Staphylococcus金黄色葡萄球菌staphylococcus aureus淀粉starch硬脂酸stearic acid类固醇受体辅助激活剂-1 steroid receptor CO-activator-1，SRC-1固醇调节(或反应)元件-1 sterol regulatory element-1，SRE-1固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1 sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1，SREBP-1 固醇类sterols甜菊糖甙stevioside豆固醇stigmasterol链脲霉素streptozocin，STZ“实质等同”原则substantial equivalence琥珀酰CoA succinyl CoA三氯蔗糖sucralose蔗糖sucrose蔗糖聚酯sucrose polyester萝卜硫素sufforaphane硫化物sulphides超氧化物歧化酶superoxide dismutase，SOD甜炼乳sweetened condensed milk猪出血性败血症swine hemorrhagic septicaemiaβ-谷固醇β-sitosterolT柠檬黄tartrazine茶多酚tea polyphenols贸易技术壁垒协议technical barriers to trade，TBT协议叔丁基对苯二酚tertiary butylhydroquinone，TBHQ睾酮testosterone索马甜thaumates国际癌症研究机构The International Agency for Research on Cancer，IARC 热力致死时间曲线thermal death time curve热力致死时间thermal death time，TDT食物热效应thermic effect of food，TEF硫胺素酶thiaminase硫胺素thiamine二磷酸硫胺素thiamine diphosphate，TDP一磷酸硫胺素thiamine monophosphate，TMP硫胺素焦磷酸thiamine pyrophosphate，TPP三磷酸硫胺素thiamine triphosphate，TTP匹格列酮thiazolidinediones，TZD硫氰酸盐thiocyanates钍射气thoron，Tn苏氨酸threonine(Thr)促甲状腺激素thyrotropic stimulating hormone，TSH二十碳五烯酸timnodonic acid，EPA生育酚tocopherols生育酚羟自由基tocopheroxyl redical生育三烯酚tocotrienols可耐受最高摄入量tolerable upper intake level，UL全身电传导total body electrical conductivity挥发性盐基总氮total volatile basic nitrogen，TVBN毒簟toxic mushroom反式作用因子trans-acting factor反式脂肪酸trans-fatty acid转铁蛋白transferrin转铁蛋白受体transferrin receptor，TIR谷氨酰胺转氨酶transglutaminase，TG转酮醇作用transketolation转甲状腺蛋白transthyretin，TTR海藻糖trehalose旋毛虫病trichinosis木霉属Trichoderma绿色木霉Trichoderma viride单端孢霉烯族化合物trichothecenes3肽tripeptide真消化率true digestibility胰蛋白酶trypsin色氨酸tryptophan(Trp)结核病tuberculosis肿瘤坏死因子tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α姜黄turmeric yellow酪氨酸tyrosine(Tyr)2，3，7，8-四氯二苯并-对-二恶偀2，3，7，8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins，TCDD2，4，5-三氯苯氧乙酸2，4，5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid，2，4，5-Tα-生育酚当量α-tocopherol equivalenceU超高温ultra high temperature，UHT解偶联蛋白-3 uncoupling protein-3，UCP-3不饱和聚酯树脂及其玻璃钢unsaturated polyester resin and glassfibre reinforced plastics 上游启动子元件upstream promoter element上游刺激因子upstream stimulating factor，USFV缬氨酸valine(V al)验证verification极低密度脂蛋白very-low-density lipoprotein，VLDL兽药veterinary drugs弧菌属Vibrio副溶血性弧菌Vibrio parahemolyticus维生素vitamin维生素A vitamin A维生素D结合蛋白vitamin D binding protein，DBP维生素D受体vitamin D receptor，VDR维生素D反应元件vitamin D response elements，VDRE维生素E琥珀酸酯vitamin E succinate，VES致呕毒素vomitoxin冯奇尔克症V on Gierkes diseaseW水分活性water activity，a w身高别体重weight for height湿性脚气病wet beriberi全脂奶粉whole milk powder世界卫生组织World Health Organization，WHOX叶黄素xanthophyll木聚糖xylan木糖xyloseY小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Yersinia enterocoliticaZ玉米赤霉烯酮zearalenone玉米黄素zeaxanthin零氮平衡zero nitrogen balance 锌zinc。