中英文词汇对照表
常见营养词汇中英文对照表
中英文名词对照A烟曲霉A.fumigatus构巢曲霉A.nidulans模式曲霉A.nominus赭曲霉A.ochraceus寄生曲霉A.parasiticus杂色曲霉A.versicolor吸收剂量absorbed dose每日允许摄入量acceptable daily intake，ADI乙酰磺胺酸钾acesuffate potassium乙酰CoA acetyl CoA酸价acid value，AV酸度调节剂acidulating agent苯乙烯-丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物acrylonitrile butadiene styrene，ABS 苯乙烯与丙烯腈的共聚物acrylonitrile styrene，AS活性系数activity coefficient，AC急性暴发性脚气病acute beriberi生热作用adaptive thermogenesis腺苷酸环化酶adenylate cyclase适宜摄入量adequate intake，AI脂联素adiponectin青春发育期adolescence黄曲霉毒素B l Aflatoxin B l，AFB l丙氨酸alanine(Ala)白蛋白albumin尿黑酸尿症alcaptonuria酒精滥用alcohol abuse酒精依赖alcohol dependence，alcoholism糊粉层aleurone layer白细胞缺乏症alimentary toxic aleukia，ATA阿力甜alitame蒜素allicin蒜苷alliin蒜氨酸酶allinase全反式视黄醛all-trans retinalα-胡萝卜素alpha-carotene交链孢霉属Alternaria苋菜红amaranth美国糖尿病协会American Diabetes Association，ADA 氨基酸amino acid氨基酸模式amino acid pattern氨基酸池amino acid pool氨基酸评分amino acid score，AAS氨基酸评分模式amino acid scoring pattern氨基咪唑氮杂芳烃ammo-imidazoaza-arenes，AIAs氨基咔啉amino-carbolines2-氨基-3-甲基咪唑并[4，5-f]喹啉2-amino-3-methylimidazo-[4，5-f]quinoline，IQ2-氨基-3-甲基咪唑并[4，5-f]喹噁啉2-amino-3- methylimidazo-[4，5-f]quinoxaline，IQx 支链淀粉amylopectin直链淀粉amylose抗神经炎素aneurin血管紧素原angiotensinogen抗生酮作用antiketogenesis抗氧化剂antioxidant口蹄疫aphtae epizooticae载脂蛋白E apolipoprotein E，ApoE表观消化率apparent digestibility阿拉伯胶arabic gum阿拉伯糖arabinose花生酸arachidic acid花生四烯酸arachidonic acid精氨酸arginine(Arg)节菱孢霉arthrinium芳烃羟化酶aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase，AHH抗坏血酸ascorbic acid，ascorbate天门冬酰胺asparagine(Asn)天门冬酰苯丙氨酸甲酯(阿斯帕坦) aspartame天门冬氨酸aspartic acid(Asp)黄曲霉Aspergillus flavus黄曲霉毒素aspergillus flavus toxin，aflatoxin曲霉菌属Aspergillus Micheli动脉粥样硬化atherosclerosis，AS三磷酸腺苷adenosine triphosphate，ATP2-氨基芴2-aminofluoreneB芽胞杆菌属Bacillus蜡样芽胞杆菌bacillus cereus基础代率basal metabolic rate，BMR基础代basal metabolism，BM基础能量消耗basic energy expenditure，BEE贝可勒尔becquerel甜菜红beet red苯甲酸benzoic acid苯并芘benzopyrene脚气病Beriberiβ-胡萝卜素beta-carotene双黄酮类biflavonoids生物富集作用bioconcentration生物电阻抗分析bioelectrical impendence analysis生物价biological value，BV生物标志物biomarker生物素biotin眼结膜毕脱氏斑Bitot’s spots黑豆红black bean red漂白剂bleaching agent体质指数body mass index，BMI谷皮bran母乳breast milk布氏杆菌病brucellosis布鲁塞尔芽甘蓝Brussels sprouts奶油butter丁基羟基茴香醚butylated hydroxyanisole，BHA二丁基羟基甲苯butylated hydroxytoluene，BHT丁酸butyric acidC大肠弯曲菌C．coli胎儿弯曲菌胎儿亚种C．fetus，subsp fetus空肠弯曲菌C．jejuni降钙素calcitonin钙calcium钙结合蛋白质calcium-binding protein卡calorie，cal环磷酸腺苷cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP 菜油固醇campesterol弯曲菌campylobacter癌cancer罐头食品canned food斑蝥黄canthaxanthin癸酸capric acid己酸caproic acid辛酸caprylic acid辣椒红素capsanthin焦糖caramel缕子种籽caraway seeds碳水化合物carbohydrate碳水化合物反应元件carbohydrate response element二氧化碳carbon dioxide羰基价carbonyl group value，CGV类胡萝卜素carotenoids红花黄carthamin yellow酪蛋白casein儿茶素catechin细胞视黄醛结合蛋白Ⅱcellular retinal binding protein typeⅡ，CRBP-Ⅱ纤维素cellulose环磷酸鸟苷cyclic guanosine monophosphate，cGMP化学评分chemical score叶绿素chlorophyll胆钙化醇cholecalciferol胆固醇cholesterol胆固醇酯cholesterol ester铬chromium乳糜微粒chylomicron，CM糜蛋白酶chymotrypsin顺式调控元件cis-acting element顺式脂肪酸cis-fatty acid柠檬酸循环citric acid cycle柑桔油citrus oil芽枝霉属Cladosporium梭状芽孢杆菌属Clostridium肉毒梭菌clostridium botulinum产气荚膜梭菌clostridium perfringens二十二碳五烯酸(鲦鱼酸) clupanodonic acid钴cobalt操作规codes of practice食品法典codex食品法典委员会Codex Alimentarius Commission，CAC食品添加剂和污染物法典委员会Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants，CCFAC 冷链cold chain大肠菌群coliform group菌落形成单位colony forming unit，cfu着色剂colour护色剂colour fixative商业杀菌commercial sterilization膳食和健康委员会Committee on Diet and Health食品化学品法典委员会Committee on Food Chemicals Codex社区营养community nutrition竞争受体结合试验competitive receptor binding assay蛋白质互补作用complementary action成分混合component blending计算机控制的断层扫描computerized tomographic scans炼乳condensed milk条件必需氨基酸conditionally essential amino acid先天畸形congenital malformation眼结膜印迹细胞学法conjunctival impression cytology，CIC方便食品convenience food纠偏措施corrective action皮质醇cortisol库仑coulomb越桔红cowberry red关键控制措施critical control measure关键控制点critical control point，CCP关键限值critical limits酸奶cultured milk氰化甙cyanogenic glycosides环磷酰胺cyclophosphamide半胱氨酸cysteine(Cys)胱氨酸cystine细胞色素P450酶系cytochrome P450s，CYPβ-胡萝卜素-15，15′-二加氧酶β-carotene-15，15′-dioxygenaseD大豆甙daidzein7，4′-二羟基异黄酮daidzin暗适应dark adaptationD值decimal reduction time脱氢醋酸dehydroacetic acid痴呆dementia脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇deoxynivalenol，DON脱氧核糖deoxyribose皮炎dermatitis糊精dextrin糖尿病diabetes mellitus，DM二醋酸藨草镰刀菌烯醇diacetoxyscirpenol，DAS二烯丙基-硫化物diallyl sulfide腹泻diarrhea双对氯苯基二氯乙烷dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane，DDD 双对氯苯基乙烯dichlorodiphenyl ethylene，DDE双对氯苯基三氯乙烷dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane，DDT 膳食纤维dietary fiber膳食叶酸当量dietary folate equivalence，DFE膳食指南或称膳食指导方针dietary guideline膳食营养素参考摄入量dietary reference intakes，DRIs消化率digestibility二甲基苯并蒽dimethylbenzanthracene二噁偀dioxin2肽dipeptide直接测热法direct calorimetry直接重复序列1 direct repeat-1，Dr-1双糖disaccharide5′-鸟苷酸二钠disodium-5'-guanylate二萜烯diterpene肠憩室病diverticulosisDL-丙氨酸DL-alanine脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid，DNADNA结合结构域DNA-binding domainDNA结合蛋白DNA-binding protein二十二碳六烯酸docosahexenoic acid，DHA基因供体donor organism剂量当量dose equivalent干性脚气病dry beriberi干浸dry infusion双能X线dual-energy X-ray2，4-二氯酚2，4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid，2，4-D8-氧-7，8-二氢-2-脱氧鸟苷8-oxo-7，8-dihydro-2-desoxyguanosineE大肠埃希菌E．coli反油酸elaidic acid元素elements胚芽embryo肽链切酶endopeptidase胚乳endosperm增强子enhancer肠杆菌属Enterobacter肠抑胃素enterogestrone肠出血性大肠埃希菌Enterohemorrhagic E．coli，EHEC肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌Enteroinvasive E．coli，EJEC肠致病性大肠埃希菌Enteropathogenic E．coli，EPEC肠产毒性大肠埃希菌Enterotoxigenic E．coli，TEC酶制剂enzyme preparation麦角钙化醇ergocalciferol麦角固醇ergosterol芥子酸erucic acid猪丹毒erysipelas suum红细胞谷胱甘肽还原酶活性系数erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient，EGRAC 红细胞转酮酶活性系数erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient，E-TKAC赤鲜糖醇erythtitol埃希菌属Escherichia必需氨基酸essential amino acid必需脂肪酸essential fatty acid，EFA估计平均需要量estimated average requirement，EAR雌激素estrogen真菌Eumycetes淡炼乳evaporated milk猪水泡病exanthema vesiculosa suum照射量exposure dose12，13-环氧单端孢霉烯族化合物12，13-epoxytrichothecenesF禾谷镰刀菌F．graminearum雪腐镰刀菌F．nivale粉红镰刀菌F．roseum拟枝孢镰刀菌F．sporotrichioides三线镰刀菌F．tricinctum要因加算法factorial method去脂体质fat free mass，FFM脂肪替代产品fat substitutes脂肪酸fatty acid脂肪酸合成酶fatty acid synthetase，FAS脂肪酸结合蛋白fatty acid-binding protein，FABP铁蛋白ferritin纤维fiber平酸腐败flat-sour spoilage胀气因子flatus-producing factor黄烷醇类flavanols二氢黄酮及二氢黄酮醇类flavanones and flavanonols黄酮类化合物flavonoids黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸flavin adenine dinucleotide，FAD黄素单核苷酸flavin mononucleotide，FMN黄杆菌属Flavobacterium黄素激酶flavokinase黄酮及黄酮醇类flavones and flavonols黄素蛋白flavoprotein增味剂flavour enhancer亚麻flax氟fluorine叶酸folic acid食品添加剂food additives世界粮农组织Food and Agriculture Organization，FAO食品药品管理局Food and Drug Administration，FDA食品化学品法典Food Chemicals Codex，FCC食品药品化妆品法Food Drug and Cosmetic Act食品强化food fortification食品辐照food irradiation食物中毒food poisioning食品腐败变质food spoilage食源性疾病foodborne disease转基因食品food from genetically modified organisms，GMO food 污染食品的杂物foreign material亚胺甲基谷氨酸formiminoglutamic acid，FIGLU游离脂肪酸free fatty acid自由基free radicals果糖fructose伏马菌素fumonisin半知菌纲Fungi imperfecti杀(真)菌剂fungicide镰刀菌属Fusarium link梨孢镰刀菌Fusarium poaeG半乳聚糖galactosan半乳糖galactose半乳糖醛酸galacturonic acidγ-胡萝卜素gamma-carotene基因工程技术gene engineering基因多态性gene polymorphismGRAS物质general recognized as safe染料木黄酮genistein5，7，4'-三羟基异黄酮genistin鼻疽glanders河豚globefish球蛋白globulin葡萄糖二胺glucarates糖原异生作用gluconeogenesis葡萄糖glucose葡萄糖耐量因子glucose tolerance factor，GTF葡萄糖／胰岛素反应元件glucose／insulin response element，GIRE 芥子油甙glucosinolates葡萄糖醛酸glucuronic acid葡萄糖苷酸glucuronide谷氨酸glutamic acid(Glu)谷氨酰胺glutamine(Gln)谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶glutathione peroxidase，GSH—Px谷胱甘肽-S转移酶glutathione S-transferase，GST谷蛋白glutelin血糖指数glycemic index，GI甘油单月桂酸酯glycerol monolaurate氨基乙酸glycin甘氨酸glycine(Gly)配糖碱glycoalkaloids糖原glycogen甘油水解酶glycohydrolase甘草glycyrrhiza良好农业生产工艺good agricultural practice良好卫生规good hygienic practice，GHP棉酚gossypol戈瑞gray，Gy鸟苷酸环化酶guanylate cyclase瓜拉胶guar gum污染物指导性水平guideline levels for contaminants指南guidelines树胶gumγ-谷氨酰羧基肽酶γ-glutamyl carboxypeptidase半乳糖醛酸多聚体β-1，4-D-galacturonic acid polymersH嗜盐杆菌属Halobacterium嗜盐球菌属Halococcus皮褶卡钳Harpenden危害hazard危害分析关键控制点hazard analysis critical control points，HACCP危害特征的描述hazard characterization危害的识别hazard identification年龄别身高height for age半纤维素hemicellulose含铁血黄素hemosiderin肝增强因子hepatic enriched factor，HNF-4肝核因子hepatic nuclear factor肝α-生育酚转移蛋白hepatic α-tocopherol transfer Protein，α-TTP除草剂herbicide杂环胺heterocyclic amines高密度脂蛋白high-density lipoprotein，HDL组胺histamine组氨酸histidine(His)基因受体host organism，host recipient人绒毛膜促性腺激素human chorionic gonadotropin，HCG人绒毛膜生长素human chorionic somatomammotropin，HCS囊虫病hydatid disease欧共体儿童保护组织hyperactive children’s support group，HACSG高胡萝卜素血症hyper-carotenemia高脂血症hyperlipidemia3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A，HMG-CoAI理想体重ideal weightIGF结合蛋白3 IGF binding protein 3，IGFBP3先天代性缺陷inborn errors of metabolism收入弹性income elasticity营养质量指数index of nutrition quality，INQ靛蓝indigo carmine吲哚-3-甲醇indole-3-carbinol吲哚indole肌醇inositol杀(昆)虫剂insecticide不溶性纤维insoluble fiber快速食品instant food胰岛素依赖型糖尿病insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus，IDDM胰岛素样生长因子insulin-like growth factor，IGF个体间差异inter-individual variability白细胞介素-6 interleukin-6，IL-6白细胞介素-8 interleukin-8，IL-8细胞融合internalization国际辐射单位测量委员会International Commission of Radiation Units andMeasurements，ICRU国际数据系统international numbering system，INS碘iodine喹啉类IQ喹噁啉类IQx铁iron缺铁性贫血期iron deficiency anemia，IDA红细胞生成缺铁期iron deficiency erythropoiesis，IDE铁减少期iron deficiency store，ID铁调节蛋白iron regulatory protein，IRP铁反应元件iron responsive element，IRE辐照食品irradiated food异黄酮isoflavones异黄酮及二氢异黄酮类isoflavones and isoflavanones异亮氨酸isoleucine(Ile)异麦芽醇isomaltitol异硫氰酸盐isothiocyanates同位素isotopeJ焦耳joule，J少年期juvenileK神奈川Kanagawa酮血症ketosis千卡kilocalorie，kcalorie，kcal千焦耳kilojoule，kJ微量凯氏定氮法KjeldahlL乳糖醇lactitol乳杆菌属Lactobacillus乳铁蛋白lactoferrin乳糖lactose乳糖不耐受性lactose intolerance月桂酸laurie acid瘦体质量lean body mass，LBM瘦组织lean tissue卵磷脂lecithin乳素lectcynin植物凝血素lectins瘦素leptin亮氨酸leucine(Leu)木聚素lignans木质素lignin限制氨基酸limiting amino acid农药残留限量limits for pesticide residues柠檬油精limonene亚油酸linoleic acid脂类lipids斯特菌属Listeria罗汉果素lou han guo extract低出生体重low birth weight，LBW低密度脂蛋白胆固醇low density lipoprotein-cholesterol，LDL-C 低级脂肪酸单甘油酯low fatty acid simple glyceride低密度脂蛋白low-density lipoprotein，LDLL-丙酮酸激酶L-pyruvate kinase，L-PK光黄素lumiflavin黄体素lutein番茄红素lycopene赖氨酸lysine(Lys)溶菌酶lysozymeα-亚麻酸α-linolenic acidγ-亚麻酸γ-1inolenic acidM摩氏摩根菌M．morganii常量元素macroelement，major element宏量营养素macronutrient美拉德反应maillard reaction丙二醛malondialdehyde，MDA麦芽糖醇maltitol麦芽糖maltose锰manganese甘露醇mannitol甘露糖-糖蛋白mannosylated glycoprotein最大无作用剂量maximal non-effect level，MNL大肠菌群最近似数maximum probable number，MPN最大残留限量maximum residue limits三聚氰胺甲醛melamine-formaldehyde，MF薄荷醇menthol蛋氨酸methionine(Met)亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶methylene tetrahydrofolate reducase，MTHFR 胶团micelles微球菌属Micrococcus微量元素microelement，trace element微量营养素micronutrient奶粉milk powder矿物质mineral奇异果素miracle混溶钙池miscible calcium pool丝裂霉素mitomycin复合奶mixture milk锰-超氧化物歧化酶Mn-SOD改进的相对剂量反应试验modified relative dose response test，MRDR 湿浸moist infusion霉菌molds分子营养学molecular nutrition钼molybdenum紫红曲霉monascaus purpureus红曲红素monascorubrin监控monitor单糖monosaccharide谷氨酸钠monosodium L-glutamate单萜类monoterpenes单不饱和脂肪酸monounsaturated fatty acid摩根菌属Morganella粘胶mucilage毛霉属Mucor簟类mushroom霉菌毒素mycotoxin肉豆蔻酸myristic acid葡糖硫苷酶myrosinase漆斑菌属Myrothecium toda4-甲基咪唑4-methylimidazoleN色甙nasunin天然等同色素nature-identical colours负氮平衡negative nitrogen balance新糖(果糖低聚糖) neosugar净蛋白质比值net protein ratio，NPR蛋白质净利用率net protein utilization，NPU尼克酸niacin烟酸又名尼克酸niacin，nicotinic acid镍nickel辅酶I nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide，NAD辅酶II nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosophate，NADP 烟酸当量nicotinic equivalence，NE乳酸链球菌素nisin亚硝酸盐nitrite氮平衡nitrogen balance氮平衡指数nitrogen balance index，NBI雪腐镰刀菌烯醇nivalenol，NIV甲基硝基亚硝基胍N-methyl—N’nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine，MNNGN-亚硝酰胺N-nitrosamideN-亚硝基化合物N-nitroso compounds无明显作用水平no observed effect level，NOEL非必需氨基酸nonessential amino acid非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus，NIDDM元明显损害水平non-observed adverse effect level，NOAEL核因子K B nuclear factor K B，NF K B磁共振扫描nuclear magnetic resonance scans核素nuclein营养素nutrient营养nutrition营养生理需要量nutritional requirement营养监测nutritional surveillance营养调查nutritional survey营养价值nutritional value尼龙nylonβ-硝基丙酸β-nitropropionic acidO燕麦素oatrim肥胖obesity必要的氮损失obligatory nitrogen losses赭曲霉毒素ochratoxin油酸oleic acid低聚原花青素oligomeric proanthocyanidins，OPCs寡肽oligopeptide寡糖oligosaccharide高赖氨酸玉米Opaque-2和Floury-2口服葡萄糖耐量试验oral glucose tolerance test，OGTT有机食品organic food鸟氨酸脱羧酶ornithine decarboxylase，ODC破骨细胞osteoclasts骨质软化症osteomalacia骨质疏松症osteoporosis过营养状况over nutrition氧化型谷胱甘肽oxidized glutathione，GSSG含氧oxygen-containing无氧oxygen-freeP黄绿青霉P．citreoviride桔青霉P．citrinum圆弧青霉P．cyclopium扩展青霉P．expansum奇异变形杆菌P．mirabikis雷氏普罗威登斯菌P．rettgeri皱褶青霉P．rugulosum荨麻青霉P．urticae普通变形杆菌P．vulgaris异麦芽酮糖醇(又称帕拉金糖) palatinose棕榈酸palmitic acid棕榈油酸palmitoleic acid辣椒红paprika orange麻痹性贝类paralysis shell巴氏消毒法pasteurization巴氏杀菌乳pasteurized milk展青霉素patulin果胶pectin癞皮病pellagra青霉Penicillium islandicum青霉菌属Penicillium link戊聚糖pentosan薄荷peppermint肽peptide过氧化值peroxide value，POV过氧化物酶体增殖剂激活受体peroxisome proliferator activated receptor，PPAR 农药pesticide农药残留pesticide residue猪瘟pestis suum酚酸phenolic acid苯丙氨酸phenylaIanine(Phe)苯丙酮酸尿症phenylketonuria，PKU磷脂phospholipids磷phosphorus苯酞phthalides体力活动水平physical activity level，PAL植酸phytic acid植物化学物phytochemicals植物红细胞凝集素phytohematoagglutinin，PHA植物雌激素phyto-oestrogens植物固醇phytosterols空斑形成细胞plaque forming cell，PFC纤维蛋白溶酶原激活因子抑制物plasminogen activator inhibitor，P AI聚碳酸酯polycarbonate，PC氯代二苯并呋喃polychloro-dibenzofurans，PCDFs氯代二苯并-对-二噁偀polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins，PCDDs多环芳烃polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，PAH聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯polyethylene terephthalate，PET聚乙烯polyethylene，PE多肽polypeptide多酚polyphenols聚丙烯polypropylene，PP多糖polysaccharide聚苯乙烯polystyrene，PS多不饱和脂肪酸polyunsaturated fatty acid，PUFA聚氯乙烯polyvinyl chloride，PVC群体倍增population doublings，PDs正氮平衡positive nitrogen balancePPAR-结合蛋白PP AR-binding protein，PBP已形成的维生素A preformed vitamin A妊娠pregnancy学龄前儿童pre-school children防腐剂preservative抗癞皮病因子preventive pellagra，PP初级代产物primary metabolites孕酮progesterone激素原prohormone醇溶蛋白prolamin脯氨酸proline(Pro)启动子promoter基因启动子区域promoter region of gene丙酸propanoic acid没食子酸丙酯propyl gallate，PG前列腺素prostaglandins蛋白酶protease蛋白酶抑制剂protease inhibitors蛋白质protein经消化率修正的氨基酸评分protein digestibility corrected amino acid score．PDCAAS 蛋白质功效比值protein effciency ratio，PER蛋白质-能量营养不良protein-energy malnutrition，PEM变形杆菌proteus暂定每日最大耐受摄入量provisional maximum tolerable daily intake．PMTDI 暂定每周耐受摄入量provisional tolerable Weeklv intake，PTWI维生素A原provitamin A假单胞菌属Pseudomonas椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp．Farinofermentans 嗜冷菌psychrophile蝶酰谷氨酸，叶酸pteroylglutamic acid，PGA腐败putrefaction吡哆醛pyridoxal，PL吡哆胺pyridoxamine，PM吡哆醇pyridoxin，PN4-吡哆酸4-pyridoxic acid，4-PA5'-磷酸吡哆醛5'-pyridoxal phosphate，PLPQ槲皮素quercetin快餐食品quick serve-meal苯醌还原酶quinone reductaseR拉德rad放射性活度radiation activity放射性污染物radioactive contaminant放射性核素radionuclide萝卜红radish red氡radon，Rn棉子糖raffinose备餐食品ready to eat foods隐性高铁血红蛋白血症recessive methemoglobinemia膳食供给量recommended dietary allowance，RDA推荐摄入量recommended nutrient intake，RNI还原型谷胱甘肽reduced glutathione，GSH参考蛋白reference protein相对生物活性relative biologic activities相对剂量反应试验relative dose response test，RDR相对蛋白质值relative protein value，RPV伦琴当量rem肾溶质负荷renal solute load抵抗素resistin妊娠吸收实验resorption-gestation test静息代率resting metabolic rate，RMR视黄醛retinal视黄酸retinoic acid视黄酸受体／类维生素AX受体retinoic acid receptor／retinoid X receptor，RAR／RXR 类维生素A的X受体retinoid X receptor，RXR视黄醇当量retmol equivalent，RE视黄醇结合蛋白retmol-binding protein，RBP视黄基磷酸酯retmyl phosphate视黄基酯retmyleasters视黄醇-磷酸-甘露醇的糖酯retinyl-phosphomannose根霉属Rhizopus核黄素riboflavin核糖ribose佝偻病rickets危险性分析risk analysis危险性评估risk assessment危险性特征的描述risk characterization危险性信息交流risk communication危险性管理risk management核糖核酸ribonucleic acid，RNARNA聚合酶RNA polymerase，RNA Pol玫瑰茄红roselle red红斑素rubropunctationS鲍氏志贺菌群S．boydii痢疾志贺菌S．dysenterine福氏志贺菌群S．flexneri宋志贺菌群S．sonnei糖精saccharin沙门菌属salmonella猪霍乱沙门菌salmonella cholera suis肠炎沙门菌salmonella enteritidis鼠伤寒沙门菌salmonella typhimurium卫生和植物卫生应用措施协定sanitary and phytosanitary，SPS协定皂甙saponins饱和脂肪酸saturated fatty acid学龄儿童school children调味品seasonings仲丁胺sec-butylamine次级代产物secondary metabolites硒selenium半必需氨基酸semiessential amino acid丝氨酸serine(Ser)性激素结合球蛋白sex hormone binding globulin，SHBG 羊红细胞sheep red blood cell，SRBC虫胶红(紫胶红) shellac red志贺菌属Shigella唾液酸sialic acid，SA单线态氧single oxygen，1 O2脱脂奶粉skimmed milk powder环己基氨基磺酸钠sodium cyclamates双乙酸钠sodium diacetate低亚硫酸钠sodium hydrosulfite焦亚硫酸钠sodium pyrosulfite无酒精饮料soft drinks龙葵素solanine可溶性纤维soluble fiber山梨酸sorbic acid山梨醇sorbitol高梁红sorghum red大豆皂甙soya saponin，SS节约蛋白质作用sparing protein action食物特殊动力作用specific dynamic action，SDA河豚毒素spheroidine拼接splicing原发性高血压大鼠spotaneous hypertension rat，SHR固醇调节元件结合蛋白激活蛋白SREBP cleavage-activating protein，SCAP黑色葡萄状穗霉Stachybotus corda水糖stachyose标准standard装量规定standards of fill of container特征性规定standards of identity质量规定standards of quality葡萄球菌属Staphylococcus金黄色葡萄球菌staphylococcus aureus淀粉starch硬脂酸stearic acid类固醇受体辅助激活剂-1 steroid receptor CO-activator-1，SRC-1固醇调节(或反应)元件-1 sterol regulatory element-1，SRE-1固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1 sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1，SREBP-1 固醇类sterols甜菊糖甙stevioside豆固醇stigmasterol链脲霉素streptozocin，STZ“实质等同”原则substantial equivalence琥珀酰CoA succinyl CoA三氯蔗糖sucralose蔗糖sucrose蔗糖聚酯sucrose polyester萝卜硫素sufforaphane硫化物sulphides超氧化物歧化酶superoxide dismutase，SOD猪出血性败血症swine hemorrhagic septicaemiaβ-谷固醇β-sitosterolT柠檬黄tartrazine茶多酚tea polyphenols贸易技术壁垒协议technical barriers to trade，TBT协议叔丁基对苯二酚tertiary butylhydroquinone，TBHQ睾酮testosterone索马甜thaumates国际癌症研究机构The International Agency for Research on Cancer，IARC 热力致死时间曲线thermal death time curve热力致死时间thermal death time，TDT食物热效应thermic effect of food，TEF硫胺素酶thiaminase硫胺素thiamine二磷酸硫胺素thiamine diphosphate，TDP一磷酸硫胺素thiamine monophosphate，TMP硫胺素焦磷酸thiamine pyrophosphate，TPP三磷酸硫胺素thiamine triphosphate，TTP匹格列酮thiazolidinediones，TZD硫氰酸盐thiocyanates钍射气thoron，Tn氨酸threonine(Thr)促甲状腺激素thyrotropic stimulating hormone，TSH二十碳五烯酸timnodonic acid，EPA生育酚tocopherols生育酚羟自由基tocopheroxyl redical生育三烯酚tocotrienols可耐受最高摄入量tolerable upper intake level，UL全身电传导total body electrical conductivity挥发性盐基总氮total volatile basic nitrogen，TVBN毒簟toxic mushroom反式作用因子trans-acting factor反式脂肪酸trans-fatty acid转铁蛋白transferrin转铁蛋白受体transferrin receptor，TIR谷氨酰胺转氨酶transglutaminase，TG转酮醇作用transketolation转甲状腺蛋白transthyretin，TTR海藻糖trehalose旋毛虫病trichinosis木霉属Trichoderma绿色木霉Trichoderma viride甘油三酯triglycerides3肽tripeptide真消化率true digestibility胰蛋白酶trypsin色氨酸tryptophan(Trp)结核病tuberculosis肿瘤坏死因子tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α黄turmeric yellow酪氨酸tyrosine(T yr)2，3，7，8-四氯二苯并-对-二恶偀2，3，7，8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins，TCDD2，4，5-三氯苯氧乙酸2，4，5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid，2，4，5-Tα-生育酚当量α-tocopherol equivalenceU超高温ultra high temperature，UHT解偶联蛋白-3 uncoupling protein-3，UCP-3不饱和聚酯树脂及其玻璃钢unsaturated polyester resin and glassfibre reinforced plastics 上游启动子元件upstream promoter element上游刺激因子upstream stimulating factor，USFV缬氨酸valine(Val)验证verification极低密度脂蛋白very-low-density lipoprotein，VLDL兽药veterinary drugs弧菌属Vibrio副溶血性弧菌Vibrio parahemolyticus维生素vitamin维生素A vitamin A维生素D结合蛋白vitamin D binding protein，DBP维生素D受体vitamin D receptor，VDR维生素D反应元件vitamin D response elements，VDRE维生素E琥珀酸酯vitamin E succinate，VES致呕毒素vomitoxin奇尔克症Von Gierkes diseaseW水分活性water activity，a w身高别体重weight for height湿性脚气病wet beriberi全脂奶粉whole milk powder世界卫生组织World Health Organization，WHOX叶黄素xanthophyll-木糖醇xylitol木糖xyloseY小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Yersinia enterocoliticaZ玉米赤霉烯酮zearalenone玉米黄素zeaxanthin零氮平衡zero nitrogen balance锌zinc- . - 总结资料-。
初中物理部分中英文词汇对照表
温度 temperature 温度计 thermometer 摄氏度 degree centigrade 体温计 clinical thermometer 分子 molecules
分子运动 molecular motion 物质 substance 物体 object 状态 state 固体 solid 液体 liuid 气体 gas
l 测量范围 measuring range 最小刻度 division value 实验 experiment 实验室 laboratory 误差 error 刻度尺 metetion line 长度 length 单位 unit 面积 area 千米 kilometer 米 meter
平方米 suare meter 立方米 cubic meter 分米 decimeter 厘米 centimeter 毫米 millimeter 微米 micron 纳米 nanometer 时间 time 小时 hour 分钟 minute 秒 second 毫秒 millisecond 体积 volume 升 Liter 毫升 Milliliter 天平 balance 砝码 weights 游码 rider 质量 mass
吨 ton 千克 kilogram 克 gram 毫克 milligram 停表 stop watch
力 force 牛顿 Newton 测力计 dynamometer 弹簧秤 spring balance
Ⅱ、运动（simple motion）
相对运动 relative motion 方向 direction 位置 position 路程 path 静止 rest
参照物 reference 速度 velocity
中考1600词汇表中英文对照表可打印可考默写单词综述
全部；全体成员 允许，准允 几乎，差不多
a.
单独的，孤独的
ad. 向前；和…..在一起；一同 沿着；顺着
ad. parde.p.
大声地 已经
ad. 也
conj. 虽然；尽管
ad. 总是；一直；永远
n.
美国；美洲a.来自美国人；美国人的美国人
prep. na..
在……中间；在(三个以上)之间 古代的;古老的
na..
背景
na..
坏的；有害的；不利的；严重的
n.
书包；提包；袋子
n.
球
n.
气球
n.
竹
n.
香蕉
n.
（河、海、湖的）岸，堤；银行
n.
棒球
a.
基本的
n.
篮子
basketball bathroom be
beach bear beat(beat, beaten)
beautiful because become(became, became) bed bedroom bee beef before
a(an) ability able about
above abroad absent accent accept accident ache achieve across act
action active activity add address advantage advertisement advice advise afford
begin(began, begun) behavior behind
believe bell below beside besides
between beyond big bike=bicycle bill bird birth birthday biscuit bit bitter black
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版
语言学术语（英-汉对照）表Aabbreviation 缩写词，略语ablative 夺格，离格accent 重音（符）accusative 宾格achievement test 成绩测试acoustic phonetics 声学语音学acquisition 习得acronym 缩略语action process 动作过程actor 动作者address form 称呼形式addressee 受话人addresser 发话人adjective 形容词adjunct 修饰成分附加语adverb 副词affix 词缀affixation词缀附加法affricate 塞擦音agreement 一致关系airstream 气流alliteration 头韵allomorph 词/语素变体allophone 音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolar ridge 齿龈alveolar 齿龈音ambiguity 歧义analogical creation 类推造字anapest 抑抑扬格anaphor 前指替代anaphoric reference 前指照应animate 有生命的annotation 注解antecedent 先行词前在词anthropologicallinguistics 人类语言学anticipatorycoarticulation 逆化协同发音antonomasia 换称代类名antonym 反义词antonymy 反义(关系)appellative 称谓性applied linguistics 应用语言学applied sociolinguistics应用社会语言学appropriacy 适宜性appropriateness 适宜性得体性approximant 无摩擦延续音aptitude test 素质测试Arabic 阿拉伯语arbitrariness 任意性argument 中项中词主目article 冠词articulation 发音articulator 发音器官articulatory phonetics 发音语音学artificial speech 人工言语aspect 体aspirated 吐气送气assimilation 同化associative 联想associative meaning 联想意义assonance 准压韵半谐音 attributive 属性修饰语定语auditory phonetics 听觉语音学authentic input 真实投入authorial style 权威风格authoring program 编程autonomy 自主性auxiliary 助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bbabbling stage 婴儿语阶段back-formation 逆构词法base component 基础部分behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism 双语现象binary division 二分法binary feature 二分特征binary taxonomy 二分分类学binding 制约binding theory 制约论blade 舌叶舌面前部blank verse 无韵诗blending 混成法borrowing 借用借词bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 管辖论bracketing 括号法brevity maxim 简洁准则bridging 架接broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Brown corpus 布朗语料库Ccalculability 可计算性calque 仿造仿造词语cancellability 可删除cardinal numeral 基数cardinal vowel 基本元音case 格case grammar格语法case theory格理论category 范畴categorical component 范畴成分causative 使役的使投动词center 中心词central determiner 中心限定词chain relation 链状关系chain system 链状系统choice 选择choice system 选择系统circumstance 环境因子class 词类class shift 词性变换clause 小句从句click 吸气音咂音clipping 截断法closed class 封闭类closed syllable 闭音节cluster 音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda 结尾音节符尾code 语码信码cognitive psychology认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 相关关联cohension 衔接co-hyponym 同下义词colligation 类连结collocative meaning 搭配意义color word 色彩词color word system 色彩词系统command 指令common core 共核common noun 普通名词communication 交际communicativecompetence 交际能力communicativedynamism, CD 交际性动力communicativelanguage teaching, CLT 交际语言教学法communicativeSentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式communicative syllabus交际教学大纲communicative test 交际性测试communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法compact disk 激光盘comparative degree 比较级competence 能力complement 补语complementary antonym 互补反义词complementaryantonymy 互补反义关系complementarydistribution 互补分布complex predicate 复合谓语component 成分componential analysis 成分分析composite proposition 复合命题compositionality 复合性compound 复合词复合句comprehension 理解computation 计算computational linguistics 计算语言学computational system 计算系统computer-assisted learning, CAL 计算机辅助学习computer corpus 计算机语料库computer hardware 计算机硬件computer literacy 计算机操作能力computer networks 计算机网络computer system 计算机系统computer-assistedinstruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学computer-assistedlearning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习conative 意动的concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义concord 一致（关系）concordance 共现关系concrete noun 具体名词concurrent 同时发生的conjugation 词形变化conjunct 连接副词conjunction 连接词conjunction buttressing连接词支撑connotation 内涵consequent 跟随成分consonance 辅音韵consonant辅音constant opposition 不变对立constative 表述的constituent command成分指令constituent proposition成分命题constituent structureanalysis 成分结构分析constituent 成分construct 编制construct validity 编制效度construction 构建constructivism 构建主义content analysis 内容分析content validity 内容效度content word 实义词context dependent 语境依赖的context of situation 情景语境context 语境contextual analyses 语境分析contextual meaning 语境意义contrastive analysis 对比分析control theory 控制理论controlled language 有控制的语言convention 常规规约conventional meaning 常规意义规约意义conventionality 常规性规约性conversational implicature 会话含义conversational maxim 会话准则converse antonymy 相反反义现象conversion 变换cooperative principle,CP 合作原则coordinate construction并列结构coordination 并列coreferential 互参的coronal 舌面前音corpus data 语料库语料corpus (pl corpora) 语料素材corpus linguistics 语料库语言学context 上下文countable 可数（名词）counterfactualproposition 反事实命题couplet 对句对联creativity 创造性原创性Creole 克里澳尔语混和语cross-culturalcommunication 跨文化交际cross-linguistic 跨语言的culturally-specific 文化特异的curriculum 教学大纲customizing 定制的Ddactyl 扬抑抑格Dani language 达尼语data retrieval, DR 资料检索database 数据库dative (case) 与格dative movement 与格移动declarative 陈述句decoding 解码deductive 演绎的deep structure 深层结构defeasibility 消除可行性definite 有定的degenerate data 无用的语料deixis 指称delicacy 精密阶denotation 外延指称dental 齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation 衍生derivational affix 衍生词汇derivational morphology 派生形态学descriptive adequacy 描写充分性descriptive linguistics 描写语言学design feature 结构特征determiner 限定词developing grammar 发展语法deviant 变体deviation 偏离变异devoicing 清音化diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diachronic 历时的diacritic 附加符号变音符diagnostic test 诊断性测试dialect 方言dialectology 方言学digitized sound 数字化语音dimetre 二音步诗行diphthong 二合元音双元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech, DS 直接言语direct thought, DT 直接思想directionality 方向性discourse 语篇话语discourse analysis 语篇分析话语分析discourse interpretation语篇理解discrete 分离的离散的discrete-point grammar 离散语法discrete point test 分立性测试disjunction 分离关系displacement 移位dissimilation 异化（作用）distinctive feature 区别性特征distinguisher 辩义成分do-insertion rule do 添加规则domain 范围领域dorsal 舌背音舌中音dorsum 舌背（音）double comparative 双重比较drill-and-practicesoftware 操练软件D-structure D结构dual 双数dualistic view 二分观点duality 二重性Eearly Modern English 早期现代英语economy 经济性简洁性ejective 爆发音electronic mail 电子邮件Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis 省略（法）elliptical sentence structure 省略句子结构embedded element 嵌入成分emic 位学的emotive 感情的empirical 经验主义的empirical data 经验主义的语料empirical validity 经验效度empiricism 经验主义empty category, EC 空范畴enabling skills 使成技能化encoding 编码end rhyme 末端韵endocentricconstruction 内向结构entailment 蕴涵entry condition 入列条件epenthesis 插音增音equipollent opposition 均等对立equivalence 相等equivalence reliability相等信度error analysis 错误分析EST 科技英语ethnicity identity 民族认同ethnography ofcommunication 交际民族学etic 非位的素的event process 事件过程example-based machinetranslation 基于例句的机器翻译exchange error 交换错误exchange sequence 交际序列exchange structure 交际结构exhaustive 穷尽的彻底的existent 存在物existential 存在句existential process 存在过程existential quantifier 存在数量词exocentric 外向的exocentric construction外向结构experiential 经验的experiential function 经验功能experimentalpsycholinguistics 实验心理语言学explanatory adequacy解释充分性explicit grammar instruction, EGI 明显的语法教学法expression minimization 表达最底程度expressive 表达的extended standard theory, EST 扩展标准理论extensive 引申的扩展的extent-condition format 程度条件格式external evaluation 外部评估external qualifier 外部修饰语extrinsic sources of error 外在的错误来源eye movement 眼部移动Fface validity 卷面效度facilitation 便利促进Fasoldfeasibility 可行性feature 特征feedback 反馈felicity condition 适宜性条件恰当条件feminine 阴性fiction 小说figurative language 比喻性语言象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段修辞格finite element 有定成分finite 有定的有限的finite state grammar 有限状态语法first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者Firthian phonology 弗斯音系学flap 闪音flexibility 灵活性变通性floppy disk 软盘focus 焦点中心folk etymology 俗词源学民间词源foregrounded features突出特征foregrounding 突出前景话foreign languageteaching 外语教学form 形式formal difference 形式差异formalization 形式化formation 形成formative 构形成分构词成分free form 自由形式free indirect speech, FIS自由间接言语free indirect thought,FIT 自由间接思想free morpheme 自由语素free root morpheme 自由词根语素free variant 自由变体free verse 自由韵文French 法语frequency effect 频率效应fricative （摩）擦音friction 摩擦front 舌面前舌前的fully automatic high quality translation, FAHQT 全自动高质量翻译function word 功能词function 功能functional grammar 功能语法functional linguistics 功能语言学functional sentenceperspective, FSP 功能句子观functions of language语言功能fusion 溶合fuzzy 模糊的Ggender difference 性别差异general linguistics 普通语言学generalisation 概括generative grammar 生成语法generative semantics生成语言学genitive 属格所有格genre 体裁语类German 德语given (information) 已给信息global task 整体任务glottal 喉音glottal stop 喉塞音goal 目标government theory 支配理论government 支配grammatical analysis语法分析grammatical function ; ;grammatical structure 语法结构gradable antonymy 分等级的反义关系gradual opposition 渐次对立grammatical category语法范畴grammatical concept语法概念grammatical description语法描写grammatical form 语法形式grammatical marker 语法标记grammatical meaning 语法意义grammatical organization 语法组成grammatical pattern 语法类型grammatical process 语法过程grammatical rule 语法规则grammatical sentence pattern, GSP 语法句形grammatical structure 语法结构grammatical subject 语法主语grammatical system 语法系统grammatical word 语法词graphitic form 文字形式Gricean maxim Grice 准则group 词组guttural 腭音Hhalf-rhyme 半韵hard palate 硬腭head 中心词中心成分headed construction 中心结构heptameter 七音步诗行hierarchical structure 等级结构hierarchical system 等级系统hierarchy 等级体系high 高（元音）historical linguistics 历史语言学holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym 同音/形异议词Hopi Hopi语horizontal relation 链状关系Horn scale 霍恩阶human cognitive system人类认知系统human language 人类语言human speech 人类言语human translation 人译hypercorrection 矫枉过正hyponym 下义词hyponymy 下义关系hypothesis 假设hypothesis-deduction 假设-演绎Iiamb 抑扬格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行IC analysis 直接成分分析法ICALL (intelligentCALL) 智能计算机辅助语言学习ideational (function) 概念功能identifying 认同的idiom 成语习语idiomatically-governed 习语支配的ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary act 话中行为施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用施为作用imaginative (function) 想象功能immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative rule 祈使规则imperative 祈使语气命令的implicate 意含implication 蕴涵含义implication connective 蕴涵连接implicature 含义言外之意implied meaning 蕴涵意义implosive 内破裂音内爆音inanimate 无生命的inclusiveness relation 内包意义indefinite 不定的，无定的indicative 陈述式陈述语气indirect object 间接宾语indirct speech, IS 间接言语indirect thought, IT 间接思想Indo-Europeanlanguages 印欧语言inference 推论推理inference drawing 推论inferentialcommunication 推论交际infinitive不定式infix 中缀inflection 屈折（变化）inflectional affix 屈折词缀inflectional morphology屈折形态学inflective endings 屈折结尾information retrieval 信息检索information structure信息结构informative (function) 信息功能innateness 先天性innateness hypothesis （语法）天赋假设input 输入input hypothesis 语言输入说instrumental (function) 工具功能integrative test 综合性测试intensifier 强调成分intensive 强调的增强的interactional (function) 交互功能interdental 齿间音interface 界面interference 干扰interjection 感叹词interlanguage 中介语interlingua 国际语interlingual approach 语际法interlocutor 会话者internal evaluation 内部评估internal structure 内部结构international phoneticalphabet, IPA 国际音标internet 互联网interpersonal 人际的interpersonal function 人际功能interpretation 解释interrogative sentence疑问句intonation 语调intra-linguistic relation语言内关系intransitive 不及物的intrinsic sources of error错误的内源invariable word 不变词invention 新创词语inversion 倒置，倒装IPA chart 国际音标图IPS symbol 国际音标符号irony 讽刺反话isolated opposition 孤立对立Italian 意大利语JJapanese 日语jargon 黑话行语Jesperson, OttoJohnson & JohnsonJohnsonJones, DanielKkernel sentence 核心句keyword关键词knowledge 知识known information 已知信息KrashenKruszewski, MikolajKuno, SusumoLlabel 标示标记labial 唇音labiodental 唇齿音language 语言language acquisition device, LAD 语言习得机制language attitude 语言态度language choice 语言选择language comprehension 语言理解language data 语言素材language learning 语言学习language maintenance 语言维护language processing 语言处理language structure 语言结构language system 语言系统language teaching 语言教学language universal 语言普遍性language use 语言使用langue 语言（系统）larynx 喉头lateral 边音旁流音Latin 拉丁语Latin grammar 拉丁语法lax vowel 松元音length 长度音长letter 字母level 层，级，平面Levinson, Stephenlexeme 词位词素lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义lexical change 词汇变化lexical level 词汇层lexical meaning 词汇意义lexical morphology 词汇形态学lexical studies 词汇研究lexical word 词汇词lexicogrammar 词汇语法lexicon 词汇词典lexis 词liaison 连音连续limerick 打油诗line 诗行linear phonology 线性音系学linear structure 线形结构linguistic university 语言普遍性linguistic behaviour 语言行为linguistic behaviour potential 语言行为潜势linguistic competence 语言能力linguistic context 语言语境上下文linguistic data 语言素材linguistic description 语言描写linguistic determinism 语言决定论linguistic facts 语言事实linguistic relativity 语言相对性linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视linguistic structure 语言结构linguistic theory 语言理论linguistic unit 语言单位linguistic universal 语言普遍性linguistic variation 语言变异linguistics 语言学lip rounding 圆唇化literal language 本义语言literary stylistics 文学文体学loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词local area networks,LAN 局域网locutionary act 发话行为，表述性言语行为logical component 逻辑成分logical connective 逻辑连词logical form component 逻辑式成分logical formrepresentation 逻辑式表达logical formula 逻辑公式logical function 逻辑功能logical semantics 逻辑语义学logical structure 逻辑结构logical subject 逻辑主语logophoricity 词照应London School 伦敦学派long vowed 长元音loss of sound 语音脱落loudness 响度Mmachine translation 机器翻译macrolinguistics 宏观语言学macroproposition 宏观命题macrostructure 宏观结构main clause 主句Malinowski, Bronislawman-machine symbiosis 人机共生manner maxim 方式准则manner of articulation 发音方式marked 标记的masculine 阳性matalinguistic 元语言学的material (process) 物质过程mathematical principles数学原理maxim 准则maximal onset principle最大节首辅音原则meaning potential 意义潜势meaning shift 转移meaning 意义mental (processs) 思维过程心理过程mentalism 心灵主义message 信息metafunction 元功能metalinguistic 元语言的metaphor 隐喻metathesis 换位（作用）metonymy 换喻转喻metre 韵律metrical patterning 韵律格式microcomputer 微机microprocessor 微处理器mid 中（元音）mind 思维minimal attachmenttheory 最少接触理论minimal pair 最小对立体minimalist programminimum free form 最小自由形式mirror maxim 镜像准则mistake 错误modal subject 语气主语modal verb 情态动词modality 情态modern French 现代法语modification 修饰modifier 修饰语monomorphemic 单语素的monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音monosyllabic 单音节的Motague grammar 蒙太古语法mood 语气morph 形素词素形式morpheme 语素词素形素morpheme-exchangeerror 词素交错误morphemic shape 词素形状morphemic structure 词素结构morphemictranscription 词素标音morphological change形态变化morphological rule 形态规则morphology 形态学morpho-phonemiccomponent 形态音位成分morphophonemics 形态音位学morphophonology 形态音系学morpho-syntacticalchange 形态句法变化mother tongue 母语本族语motivation 动因动机move （移动）MT 机器翻译MT quality 机译质量multilateral opposition多边对立multi-level phonology多层次音系学multilingualism 多语制多语现象Nnarratee 被叙述者narrator 叙述者narrator’s representationof speech acts, NRSA 言语行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof speech, NRS 言语的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof thought acts, NRTA 思维行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof thought, NRT 思维的叙述者表达narrow transcription 窄式音标narrowing 狭窄化nasal 鼻音nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal sound 鼻音nasal stop 鼻塞音nasal tract 鼻道nasality 鼻音性nasalization 鼻音化Nash, Walternative speaker 操本族语者natural language 自然语言naturalistic data 自然语料near-adult grammar 近成人语法negation 否定否定结构negative 否定的negative interference负面干扰negative marker 否定标记negative transfer 负转移neogrammarian 新语法学家network 网络network computer 网络计算机neutralizable opposition可中立对立new information 新信息new stylistics 新文体学node 节nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化nominative 主格non-authentic input 非真实语料的输入non-contrastive analysis非对比性分析non-conventionality 非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linear phonology 非线性音系学non-linguistic entity 非语言实体non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音non-reciprocaldiscourse 非交替性语篇non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示norm 规范notation system 标写系统notion 意念notional-functionalsyllabus 意念功能教学大纲noun phrase 名词短语noun 名词number system 数字系统number 数字Oobject 宾语object-deletion 宾语省略objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性obligatory 强制性observational adequacy 观察充分性abstruction 阻塞OCR scanner 光学字符阅读器扫描仪octametre 八音步诗行Old English 古英语one-place predicate 一位谓语on-line translation 在线翻译onomatopoeia 拟声词onset 节首辅音open class 开放类open syllable 开音节operational system 操作系统operative 可操作性operator 操作词oppositeness relation对立关系opposition 对立optimal relevance 最适宜关联option 选择optional 可选择的oral cavity 口腔oral stop 口阻塞音ordinal numeral 序数词origin of language 语言起源orthography 正字法ostensivecommunication 直示交际output 产出overgeneralization 过分法则化Ppalatal 腭音舌面中音palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音palatalization （硬）腭化paradigm 聚合体paradigmatic relation聚合关系paraphrase 释义意译parole 言语part of speech 词类participant 参与者particle 小品词语助词particular grammar 特定语的语法partitive 部分的部分格passive transformation 被动转换passive (voice) 被动语态pattern drill technique 句型操练法pattern 模式patterning 制定模式pause 停顿peak （节）峰perceptual span 感知时距perfectionism 完善主义perfective 完成体performance test 语言运用测试performance 语言运用performative (verb) 行事性动词perlocutionary act 话后行为perseverativecoarticulation 重复性协同发音person 人称personal (function) 自指性功能pharyngeal 咽头音喉音pharynx 喉头phatic (communion) 寒暄交谈交感性谈话phone 音素音子phonematic unit 音声单位phoneme 音位phonetic alphabet 音标phonetic formcomponent 语音形式部分phonetic similarity 语音相似性phonetic symbol 语音符号phonetic transcription标音（法）phonetics 语音学phonological analysis音位分析phonological component 音位部分phonological level 音系层phonological process音位过程phonologicalrepresentation 音位表达phonological rule 音位规则phonological structure 音位结构phonological system 音位系统phonological variant 音位变体phonology 音系学phrasal verb 短语动词phrase 短语phrase structure 短语结构phrase structure grammar 短语结构语法phrase structure rule, PS rule 短语结构规则pidgin 皮软语洋泾滨语不纯正外语Pitch 音高声调高低place of articulation 发音部位play 剧本plosion 爆破plosive 爆破音爆发音plural 复数pluralism 多元主义plurality 复数形式poetic (function) 诗学功能poetry 诗歌polymorphemic (word)多语素词polysyllabic 多音节（词）polysystemic analysis 多系统分析Portugese 葡萄牙语positive transfer 正移转possessive 所有的属有的possible grammar 可能语言的语法postalveolar 后齿龈音post-Bloomfieldianlinguistics 后布龙菲尔德语言学postdeterminer 后限定词post-structuralist view后结构主义观点pragmatic inference 语用推论pragmatic roles 语用角色pragmatics 语用学Prague School 布拉格学派predeterminer 前限定词predicate calculus 谓语演算predicate logic 谓语逻辑predicate 谓语predicator 谓语（动）词predictive validity 预测效度pre-editing 预先编辑译前加工prefix 前缀pre-modified input 预修正的输入premodifier 前修饰语preposition 介词prepositional calculus 介词演算prepositional logic 介词逻辑prepositional opposition 介词对立prepositional phrase 介词短语prescriptive 规定式presupposition 前提预设primary cardinal vowel 主要基本元音primary stress 主重音第一重音principle ofinformativeness 信息性原则principle of least effort最省力原则principle of quantity 数量原则privative opposition 表非对立表缺对立process 过程production error 产生性错误productivity 多产性proficiency test 水平测试pro-form 代词形式替代形式programming language编程语言progressive 进行体progressive assimilation顺同化projection rule 投射规则pronominal 代词pronoun 代词pronunciation 发音pronunciationdictionary 发音词典pronunciation 发音proportional opposition部分对立proposition 命题prose style 散文风格prosodic analysis 节律分析超音质分析psycholinguistics 心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolinguistic approach 心理-社会语言学方法psychological reality心理现实psychological subject心理主语psychology of language 语言心理学psychometric-structurali st approach 心理测定-结构主义法pulmonic sound 肺闭塞音Putonghua 普通话QQ-based implicature 基于质量的含义Q-principle 质量原则quality 质量quality maxim 质量准则quantifier 数量词quantitative analysis 定量分析quantitative paradigm 数量变化表quantity maxim 数量准则quatrain 四行诗Rrange 范围rank 级rationalism 理性主义raw data 原始素材R-based implicature 基于关联的涵义reader 读者reading comprehension阅读理解realisation 体现recall 回忆received pronunciation,RP 标准发音receiver 受话者信息接受者recency effect 近期效应recognition 识别recursion 可溯recursive 可溯的还原的recursiveness 递归性reference 所指参照referential meaning 所指意义referential theory 所指理论referential 所指的reflected meaning 反映意义reflexive (form) 反身形式regional dialect 地域方言register 语域regressive assimilation 逆同化regulatory (function)控制性语言功能relation maxim 关系准则relational opposite 关系对立relational process 关系过程relative clause 关系分句关系从句relative pronoun 关系代词relative uninterruptibility 相对的非间断性relevance theory 关联理论reliability 信度repetition 重复representational system 表达系统representational 表达实体residue 剩余成分restricted language 限制性语言retrieval process 检索过程retrieval system 检索系统retroflex sound 卷舌音reverse rhyme 反陨revised extendedstandard theory, REST 修正扩展标准理论rewriting rules 重写规则rheme 述位rhetorical skill 修辞技能rhyme 韵韵角压韵rhythm 韵律节奏Roman alphabet letter罗马字母root 词根root morpheme 词根语素round vowel 圆元音R-principle 关联原则rule system 规则系统rule-based approaches基于规则的方法rules of language 语言规则Ssameness relation 相同关系Sanskrit 梵文Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis萨丕尔-沃夫假设Saussure 索绪尔scale of delicacy 精密阶schema 图式scheme-orientedlanguage 面向图式的语言second languageacquisition 第二语言习得secondary cardinalvowel 次要基本元音secondary stress 次重音segment 音段selection restriction 选择限制selectional rules 选择规则self-reflexive 自反身semantic association network 语义关联网络semantic change 语义变化semantic component 语义部分semantic feature 特征semantic interpretation 语义解释semantic interpretative rules 语义解释规则semantic process 语义过程semantic representation 语义表达semantic sentence pattern, SSP 语义句型semantic triangle 语义三角semantics 语义学semi-consonant 半辅音semiotic system 符号系统semiotics 符号学semi-vowel 半元音sense relation 意义关系sense 意义sentence 句子sentence fragments 句子成分sentence meaning 句义sentence memory 句子记忆sentence stress 句重音sentence structure 句子结构sentential calculus 句子演算setting 场景sibilant 咝擦音sign 符号signified 所指受指signifier 能指施指simile 明喻simultaneity 同时性singular 单数situational context 情景语境situational level 情景层situational syllabus 情景教学大纲situational variation 情景变异slot 空缺social role 社会角色social semiotic 社会符号学socio-cultural role 社会文化角色sociolinguistic study oflanguage 语言的社会语言学研究sociolinguistic study ofsociety 社会的社会语言学研究sociolinguistics 社会语言学sociological approach 社会学方法soft palate 软腭solidarity 团结sonnet 十四行诗sonorant 响音sonority scale 响音阶sound 语音sound image 语音图像sound pattern 语音模式sound segment 音段sound system 语音系统sound wave 音波speaker’s meaning 说话者意义speech 言语speech act theory 言语行为理论speech community 言语社团speech comprehension 言语理解speech event 言语事件speech function 言语功能speech mode 言语方式speech organ 言语器官speech perception 言语感知speech presentation言语表达speech production ; 言语产生speech research言语研究speech role言语角色speech sound 语音speech synthesis 言语合成spelling 拼写,拼法split infinitives 分裂的不定式spoken corpus 口语语料库spoken languagetranslation 口语翻译spondee 扬扬格spoonerism 首音互换斯本内现象spread 展元音S-structure 表层结构stability 稳定性stability reliability 稳定性效度Standard English 标准英语standard theory 标准理论standardization 标准化statistical analysis 统计分析status 地位stem 词干stimulus 刺激stimulus-response 刺激反应stop 闭塞音stored knowledge 储存知识strategic knowledge 学习策略知识stratification 层stream of consciousness意识流stress pattern 重音模式stress 重音structural analysis 结构分析structural (structuralist) grammar 结构语法structural syllabus 结构教学大纲structural test 结构测试structuralism 结构主义structuralist linguistics 结构主义语言学structuralist view 结构主义观点style 文体风格stylistic analysis 文体分析stylistics 文体学subcategorize 次范畴subject 主语subject-deletion 主语省略subjective test 主观性测试subjectivity 主观性subjunctive mood 虚拟语气subordinateconstruction 从属结构subordination 从属substitutability 替代性substitution 替换suffix 后缀superlative degree 最高级superordinate 上坐标词suprasegmental feature超语段特征surface form 表层形式surface representation 表层表达surface structure 表层结构syllabic structure 音节结构syllabification 音节划节syllable 音节syllabus design 教学大纲设计syllabus 教学大纲syllogism 三段论法symbol 符号synchronic (linguistics)共时（语言学）synonym 同义词synonymous 同义的synonymy 同义现象syntactic component 句法部分syntactic features 句法特征syntactic function 句法功能syntactic marker 句法标记syntactic process 句法过程syntactic restriction 句法限制syntactic structure 句法结构syntactical change 变化。
制药行业常用英语词汇中英文对照表
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
制药行业常用英语词汇中英文对照
英文原文 Application file Acceptance criteria Active moiety
Additives Adventitious agents Analytical procedures
Anti-microbial Antimicrobial preservatives
83
Glycosylation sites
84
Guidance
85
Guideline
86
Higher order structure
87
Holding times
88
Human or animal origin
89
Immunological activity
90
Immunochemical properties
Solvents
191
Sorption
192
Specifications
193
Specificity
缩小规模模型 放大批次
二级/三级/四级结构 次级包装 章节 子章节 灵敏度 有效期 跳检 溶解性 溶剂 吸附 质量标准 专属性
194
Stability
195
Starting materials
196
Proprietary name
157
Purification steps
158
Purity
159
Quality
160
Quality module
161
Quality overall summary (QOS)
1600词汇中英文对照版
1600基础词汇单词Aa (an)*abilityableaboutabove abroad*absent*accent accept accident*ache*achieve acrossactaction active activity*add address advantage advertisement advice*advise affordafraidafter afternoon again againstageagoagree*agreement air*airline*airplane 词性词频中文意义art 3n 2 能力；才能a 3 有能力的；能够prep & ad 3 大约；到处；关于prep 2 在…的上面a & ad 1 到国外a 缺席的；不在；n 口音；音调v 3 接受n 1 事故；意外的事n 疼；疼痛v 达到；取得prep 3 穿过n & v 3 法令,条例;扮演(角色),演戏;行动n 3 行动a 2 主动的；积极的n 2 活动v 增加n 2 地址n 2 优点；好处n 广告n 2 建议；忠告；劝告v 建议；忠告；劝告v 1 负担得起；抽得出（时间）a 1 害怕的ad,prep & conj 3 在…之后n 2 下午ad 3 又prep 3 反对；对着n 3 年龄；时代ad 3 以前v 3 同意n 同意，一致；协定n 3 空气航空公司n 飞机*airport aliveallallow almost alone along aloud already also although always America American among*ancient and angry animal another answer*antany anybody anyone anything *anyway *anywhere appear apple April areaarm*army around arriveart*articleas n 飞机场；航空站a 1 活着的；存在的a & pron 3 全部的;全部v 3 允许；准许ad 3 几乎；差不多a 2 孤单的；独自地ad & prep 3 向前；一同；沿着ad 大声地ad 3 已经ad 3 也conj 3 虽然；尽管ad 3 总是；一直；永远n 美国a & n 美国的prep 3 在（三个以上）之间;a 古代的；古老的conj 3 和a 1 生气的；愤怒的n 2 动物a & pron 3 另一个；再一的n & v 3 回答；答案n 蚂蚁pron & a 3 一些；任何；pron 1 任何人；无论谁pron 2 任何人；无论谁pron 3 任何事；什么事ad 无论如何；不管怎样ad 任何地方v 3 出现n 1 苹果n 四月n 3 地区；面积n 3 胳膊；武器n 军队prep & ad 3 大约；在…周围v 2 到达；到来n 3 艺术；美术；技艺n 文章；东西；物品；冠词ad,conj & prep 3 像；当…时候；由于；作为Asia*Asianaskasleepat*AtlanticattentionAugustauntAustraliaAustralianautumn*available*avoid*awakeawayBbabyback*backgroundbad (worse,worst)bagballballoonbamboobananabank*baseball*basicbasketbasketball*bathroombe (is...was...being,been) beachbeatbeautifulbecausebecome (became,become) n 亚洲a & n 亚洲的；亚洲人v 3 问；请求；要求；邀请a 睡着的；熟睡的prep 3n & a 大西洋（的）n 2 注意；关心n 八月n 2 姑姑；姨妈n 澳大利亚a & n 澳大利亚的（人）n 1 秋天a 可得到的v 避免v 醒着的ad 3 远离n 2 婴儿ad & n 3 向后；后背; 后面的n 背景a 3 坏的；有害的；不利的n 2 包；口袋n 2 球n 气球n 竹子n 香蕉n 3 银行；岸；堤n 棒球a 主要的；基本的n 篮子n 篮球n 浴室；盥洗室aux v 3 是n 1 海滩；湖滩n &v 2 熊；承受；负担v & n 3 敲打；跳动；赢；节拍a 2 魅力的；美观的；conj 3 因为v 3 变成；成为bedbedroombeebeefbeforebegin (began,begun) *behaviourbehindbelievebellbelowbesidebesidesbetween*beyondbigbike=bicyclebillbird*birthbirthday*biscuitbit*bitterblackblackboardblind*bloodblow (blew,blown) boardboatbodybookboringbornborrow*bossboth n 2 床n 1 卧室；寝室n 蜜蜂n 牛肉prep,ad&conj 3 在…以前；在…前面v 3 开始；着手n 行为prep 3 在…后面; 在后面v 3 相信；认为n 1 铃；钟prep 2 在…的下面；向下prep 1 在…旁边；靠近prep & ad 1 除…之外；还有prep 3 (两者)之间prep 在…的那边a 3 大的n 1 自行车n 2 账单；法案；钞票n 2 鸟n 出生；诞生n 1 生日n 饼干n 3 一点a 苦的a & n 3 黑色的；黑色n 黑板a 1 瞎的n 血v 2 刮风n & a 3 蓝色的；蓝色n 2 木板；布告板n 2 船n 3 身体n 3 书a 无聊的；乏味的a 2 出生v 1 借n 老板pron & a 3 两者都bottlebottombowlboxboy*brainbravebreadbreak (broke,broken) breakfast*breathbreathebridgebrightbring (brought,brought) brotherbrownbrushbuild (built,built) buildingburn (-ed,ed/burnt,burnt) busbusinessbusybutbutter*butterflybuy (bought,bought)bybye n 2 瓶子n 2 底部n 1 碗；钵n 2 盒子；箱子n 3 男孩n 大脑；a 1 勇敢的；无畏的n 1 面包v & n 3 打破，损坏；休息n 1 早餐n 呼吸v 1 呼吸n 2 桥a 2 明亮的；聪明的v 3 带来；拿来；取来n 3 兄，弟n & a 3 棕色（的）；褐色（的）v & n 1 刷，擦；刷子v 3 建造；建筑；构筑n 3 房屋；建筑物v 2 燃，烧，着火；使晒黑；n 1 公共汽车n 3 商业；买卖；交易a 1 忙碌的；繁忙的conj 3 但是n 1 黄油n 蝴蝶v 3 买；购买；采购prep 3在…旁/之前;通过…方式;由,被interj 1再见C*cabbage n 卷心菜cake n 1 蛋糕call v & n 3 打电话；电话camel n 骆驼camera n 2 照相机*camp n & v 露营can modal v 3 能够Canada n 加拿大*cancel v 取消candle n 蜡烛cancer n 2 癌症candy n 糖果cap n 1 帽子capital n 3 首都*captain n 队长；机长car n 3 小汽车card n 2 卡片care v & n 3 认真；小心；careful a 2 小心的；认真的careless a 粗心的carry v 3 搬运；携带cat n 1 猫catch (caught,caught) v 2 抓住cause n & v 3 起因；；引起CD n 1 光盘*CD-ROM n. 光驱驱动器；*ceiling n 天花板celebrate v 1 庆祝cent n 分centre n 3 中心century n 3 世纪certain a 1 有把握的；确信的chair n 2 椅子*chairman/woman n 主席chalk n 粉笔chance n 3 机会；可能性change v 3 改变*chant n &v 说唱cheap a 2 便宜的*cheat v 欺骗；作弊check n & v 2 检查*cheer n & v 欢呼cheese n 1 奶酪chemistry n 化学chess n 棋*chest n 胸部chicken n 1 鸡；鸡肉child (pl.children) n 3 孩子China n 中国Chinese a & n 中国的chocolate n 1 巧克力*choice n 选择choose (chose,chosen) v 2 选择*chopsticks n 筷子Christmas n 圣诞节*church n 教堂cinema n 1 电影院circle n & v 2 圆；绕…旋转city n 3 城市*clap v & n 鼓掌；轻拍class n 3 班；年级；课classmate n 同班同学classroom n 教室clean a & v 2 弄干净，擦干净；清洁的，干净的clear a 3 清晰的；明亮的；清楚的clever a 1 聪明的，伶俐的climb v 1 爬，攀登clock n 1 钟*clone v 克隆close v & a 3 关；亲密的；近，靠近clothes n 2 布cloud n 1 云；云状物；阴影cloudy a 多云的，阴天的club n 3 俱乐部；纸牌中的梅花*coach n 教练；马车；长途车coal n 1 煤；煤块*coast n 海岸；海滨coat n 1 外套；涂层；表皮；皮毛coffee n 1 咖啡coin n 硬币coke n 可口可乐cold a & n 2 冷的；寒冷；感冒，collect v 2 收集，搜集college n 2 学院；专科学校colour (Am color) n & v 3 颜色；给…着色，涂色come (came,come) v 3 来，来到comfortable a 1 舒服的；安逸的；*common a 普通的，一般的；共有的*communicate v 交际；传达（感情，信息等）*communication n 交际；交往；通讯company n 3 公司*compare v 比较，对照*competition n 比赛，竞赛*complete a & v 完成的；完成，结束*composition n 作文；作曲computer n 2 电子计算机concert n 1 音乐会；演奏会*condition n 条件，状况*conference n （正式的）会议；讨论connect v 连接，把……联系起来*consider v 考虑；认为*continue v 继续*control v 控制conversation n 1 谈话，交谈cook v & n 2 炊事员，厨师；烹调，*cooker n 炊具cool a 2 凉的，凉爽的；酷copy n & v 2 抄本/写,副本;一本;复印;拷(备份盘) corner n 2 角；角落；拐角correct v & a 2 改正；纠正;正确的cost v & n 3 花费；成本cotton n & a 1 棉花；棉cough n & v 1 咳嗽could modal v 3 能count v 2 计；数country n 3 国家；乡村，乡下countryside n 1 乡下；农村*couple n 两三个；夫妇；一对*courage n 勇气*course n 课程；过程；经过；cousin n 2 堂（表）兄弟（姐妹）；cover n &v 3 盖子；罩；覆盖，cow n 1 母牛，奶牛*crayon n 蜡笔；蜡笔画*crazy a 疯狂的*create v 创造；造成cross v &n 2 十字形的东西；穿过*cruel a 残忍的，残酷的；无情的cry n & v 2 叫喊，哭声；喊叫；哭culture n 2 文化cup n 3 茶杯cut (cut,cut) v & n 3 切，剪，削，割伤口Ddad (daddy) n 1 （口语）爸爸，爹爹*daily a,ad & n 每日的；日报dance v & n 2 跳舞；舞蹈danger n 2 危险dangerous a 2 危险的dare v & aux v 1 敢；敢于dark a &n 2 黑暗；暗处；日暮；暗淡的；深色的date n 2 日期；约会；枣daughter n 3 女儿day n 3 天，日；白天dead a 2 死的；无生命的*deaf a 聋的deal v 1 量，数额；交易dear a 1 亲爱的；贵的death n 2 死December n 十二月decide v 3 决定；下决心decision n 3 决定；决心deep a & ad 2 深的；深地*degree n 程度；度数；学位delicious a 美味的，可口的*dentist n 牙科医生*depend v 依靠，依赖，指望；取决于describe v 3 描写，叙述desk n 2 书桌，写字台develop v 3 （使）发展/发达/发育;开发;冲洗（照片）*development n 发展，发达，发育，开发dialogue (Am dialog) n 1 对话diary n 1 日记；日记簿dictionary n 词典，字典die v 3 死的；无生命的difference n 2 不同different a 3 不同的，有差异的difficult a 3 难的；艰难的；不易相处的difficulty n 2 困难，费力dig (dug,dug) v 1 挖；掘dinner n 2 正餐，宴会*direct a & v 直接的；直达的；*direction n 方向；方位director n 3 所长，主任；董事；导演dirty a 1 污物；脏物discover v 2 发现*discovery n 发现discuss v 2 讨论；议论discussion n 2 讨论；议论disease n 2 病；疾病dish n 1 盘，碟；盘装菜；盘形物*dismiss v 遣散；解散；解雇*disturb v 扰乱；打扰divide v 2 分，划分do (did,done) v 3 做，干doctor n 2 医生，大夫；博士dog n 2 狗doll n 玩偶，玩具娃娃dollar n 3 美元door n 3 门double a & n 2 两倍的；双的；两个；*doubt n & v 怀疑，疑惑down ad & prep 3 沿着，向下downstairs ad 在楼下；到楼下*dozen n 十二个；几十，许多draw (drew,drawn) v 3 绘画；拉，拖；提取（金钱）*drawer n 抽屉dream (-ed/dreamt) v & n 2 梦，梦想dress n & v 2 女服,连衣裙;(统指)服装;童装;穿衣/着drink (drank,drunk) v & n 2 饮料；喝酒drive (drove,driven) v 3 驾驶，开（车）；驱赶driver n 2 司机，驾驶员drop n & v 2 滴；掉下；投递；放弃*drug n 药，药物；毒品*drum n 鼓dry v & a 2 擦干；干的；干燥的duck n 鸭子dumpling n 饺子during prep 3 在…期间；在…过程中duty n 2 责任，义务*DVD n 数码影碟Eeach a & pron 3 每人，每个，每件ear n 1 耳朵；耳状物；听力，听觉early a &ad 3 早的;早地earth n 2 地球；土，泥；大地east n,a & ad 3 东方(的)；朝/在/向东的；从东方；easy a 3 容易的，不费力的eat (ate,eaten) v 2 吃*edge n 边缘education n 2 教育，培养*effort n 努力，艰难的尝试egg n 2 蛋；卵eight num 3 八eighteen num 3 十八eighth num 2 第八个eighty num 3 八十either a,ad & n 3 二者之一*elder a 长者；前辈*electric a 电的elephant n 大象eleven num 3 十一else a 3 别的，其他的e-mail n & v （发）电子邮件empty a 1 空的encourage v 2 鼓励end n & v 3 末尾；结束；终止*enemy n 敌人；敌军*energy n 精力，能量engineer n 1 工程师；技师England n 英格兰；英国English n & a 英语（的）,英国（人）的；enjoy v 2 欣赏；享受…之乐趣；喜欢enough a & ad 3 足够/充足(的/地)；充分地enter v 2 进入*environment n 环境eraser n 橡皮擦；黑板擦especially ad 2 特别，尤其Europe n 欧洲European a & n 欧洲（人）的；欧洲人even ad 3 甚至；更evening n 2 晚上；傍晚ever ad 3 曾经；无论何时every a 3 每一；每个的everybody pron 2 每个人；人人*everyday a 每日的；日常的everyone pron 2 每个人everything pron 3 每件事；事事everywhere ad 1 到处exam=examination n 1 考试，测试；检查；审查*examine v 检查；诊察example n 3 例子，榜样excellent a 2 极好的，优秀的except prep 2 除……之外excite v 使兴奋，使激动excuse n & v 1 借口；原谅；宽恕exercise v & n 2 锻炼；练习，expect v 3 预料；盼望；认为expensive a 2 昂贵的experience n 3 经验；经历experiment n 1 实验explain v 2 解释，说明express v 2 表达；表示；表情eye n 3 眼睛Fface n & v 3 脸；面对fact n 3 事实；现实factory n 2 工厂fail v 3 失败；不及格；衰退*fair a 公平的，合理的；金黄色的fall (fell,fallen) v 3 落（下），降落；倒family n 3 家庭famous a 2 著名的fan n 2 扇子；迷；*fantastic a 极好的，美妙的，很棒的far (fa/urther,fa/urthest) a & ad 2 远的；远地farm n 2 农场farmer n 2 农民fast a &ad 2 快速的；迅速地fat a 2 肥胖的father n 3 爸爸favourite (Am favorite) a & n 2 最喜欢的（人或事）fear n 3 害怕；恐惧；担忧February n 二月feed (fed,fed) v 2 喂（养）；饲养feel (felt,felt) v 3 感觉；摸；feeling n 2 感觉；感情festival n 2 节日fetch v （去）取（物）来，fever n 发烧；发热few pron & a 3 不多（的）；少数field n 2 田地；牧场；场地fifteen num 3 十五fifth num 2 第五fifty num 3 五十fight (fought,fought) v & n 3 打仗（架），争论fill v 2 装满；film n 3 电影final a 3 最后的；终极的find (found,found) v 3 找到；发现fine a 2 晴朗的；美好的；健康的finger n 2 手指finish v 2 完成；结束fire n 2 火first num,a & ad 3 第一fish n 2 鱼*fisherman n 渔民fit a & v 2 健康的,适合的；适合，安装five num 3 五fix v 1 修理；安装；确定，决定flag n 1 旗；标志；旗舰*flat n 楼中一套房间；公寓floor n 2 地面，地板;（楼房的）层flower n 2 花*flu n 流行性感冒fly1 (flew,flown) v 3 飞；飞行；（旗子等）放（风筝）fly2n 3 飞行；苍蝇follow v 3 跟随；仿效；跟得上food n 3 食物，食品foot (pl.feet) n 3 足，脚；英尺football n 2 （英式）足球；（美式）橄榄球for prep 3 为了…；向…，往…；*force v 强迫，迫使foreign a 3 外国的foreigner n 1 外国人forest n 1 森林forget (forgot,forgot) v 2 忘记；忘掉*fork n 叉，餐叉form n 3 形式，表格forty num 3 四十*forward ad 将来，今后；向前four num 3 四fourteen num 3 十四fourth num 2 第四fox n 狐狸free a 3 自由的，空闲的freeze (froze,frozen) v 1 结冰fresh a 2 新鲜的Friday n 星期五fridge (=refrigerator) n 冰箱friend n 3 朋友friendly a 1 友好的friendship n 1 友谊，友情*frog n 青蛙from prep 3 从；从……起front a &n 3 前面的；前面fruit n 2 水果full a 3 满的，充满的fun n 2 有趣的事，娱乐funny a 1 有趣的，滑稽可笑的*furniture n （总称）家具future n 3 将来Ggame n 3 游戏；运动；比赛garden n 2 花园，果园，菜园gate n 1 大门general a 3 大体的，笼统的，总的gentleman n 1 绅士，先生geography n 地理学*gesture n 姿势，手势get (got,got) v 3 成为；得到；到达gift n 1 赠品；礼物*giraffe n 长颈鹿girl n 3 女孩give (gave,given) v 3 给；递给；glad a 1 高兴的；乐意的glass n 2 玻璃杯；玻璃；眼镜glove n 手套go (went,gone) v 3 去；走；驶；goat n 山羊*god n 神，上帝gold n & a 2 黄金；金的*golden a 金(黄)色的good (better,best) a 3 好；良好goodbye (bye-bye) interj 再见；再会goose (pl.geese) n 鹅government n 3 政府grade n 1 等级；学年；成绩*grammar n 语法*grandchild n （外）孙或孙女，孙辈granddaughter n （外）孙女grandma=grandmother n 奶奶；外婆grandpa=grandfather n 爷爷；外公grandparent n 祖父母，外祖父母grandson n （外）孙子*granny n 老奶奶；祖母；外婆grape n 葡萄grass n 1 草；草场；牧草great a 3 伟大的；重要的；好极了green a & n 3 绿色的；青的；绿色*greeting n 问候ground n 3 地面group n 3 组，群grow (grew,grown) v 3 生长；发育；种植*guard n 防护装置，警戒guess v 2 猜guest n 2 客人，宾客guitar n 1 吉他，六弦琴*gun n 枪，炮*gym=gymnasium n 体操；体育馆Hhabit n 1 习惯，习性hair n 2 头发half a & n 3 半，一半hall n 1 大厅，会堂，礼堂*ham n 火腿hamburger n 汉堡包hand n 3 手；指针*handbag n 女用皮包，手提包*handsome a 英俊的*handwriting n 书法hang (hung,hung) v 2 处绞刑；悬挂，吊着happen v 3 （偶然）发生happy a 2 幸福的；快乐的，高兴的hard ad & a 3 努力地；硬的；hardly ad 2 几乎不hat n 1 帽子；礼帽hate v &n 1 讨厌；恨have (has,had,had) v 3 有；吃；喝；进行；经受he pron 3 他head n 3 头headache n 头痛health n 3 健康；卫生healthy a 1 健康的；健壮的hear (heard,heard) v 3 听见；听说；得知heart n 2 心脏；纸牌中的红桃heat n 2 热heaven n 1 天，天空heavy a 2 重的height n 1 高；高度hello (hi) interj 1 喂；你好help v & n 3 帮忙；帮助helpful a 有帮助的；有益的hen n 母鸡her pron 3 她；她的here ad 3 这里hero n 1 英雄；男主人公hers pron 她的herself pron 3 她自己hide (hid,hidden) v 1 隐藏high a 3 高的hill n 1 小山；丘陵；土堆；斜坡him pron 3 他（宾格）himself pron 3 他自己his pron 3 他的history n 3 历史；历史学hit (hit,hit) v 3 打，撞，击中hobby n 业余爱好hold (held,held) v 3 拿；抱；握住；举行；进行hole n 2 洞；坑holiday n 2 假期；假日home n & ad 3 家；到家hometown n 家乡homework n 家庭作业honest a 1 诚实的；正直的*honour (Am honor) n & v 荣誉；光荣hope n & v 3 希望horse n 2 马hospital n 3 医院hot a 2 热的；*hotdog n 热狗hotel n 2 旅馆；饭店；宾馆hour n 3 小时house n 3 房子housework n 家务劳动how ad 3 怎样，如何；多少；多么however ad &conj 3 然而；huge a 2 巨大的；庞大的human a & n 3 人*humorous a 富于幽默的hundred num 3 百hungry a 饥饿的hurry n & v 急忙；赶快hurt (hurt,hurt) v 2 伤害；受伤；伤人感情husband n 3 丈夫II pron 3 我ice n 2 冰ice-cream n 冰激淋idea n 3 主意；观点if conj 3 如果ill a 2 生病的illness n 1 疾病imagine v 2 想象*immediately ad 立即；马上important a 3 重要的impossible a 2 不可能的improve v 2 提高；改进in prep 3 在…里面；在…之后*inch n 英寸include v 3 包括；包含increase v & n 3 增加；繁殖India n 印度Indian a & n 印度人（的）；印第安人（的）*industry n 工业；产业*influence n 影响information n 3 信息ink n 墨水inside prep 2 在…里面*insist v 坚持;坚决认为instead ad 2 相反；代替instruction n 1 说明，须知；教导*intention n 倾向interest n 3 兴趣;趣味；利息interesting a 1 有趣的*international n 国际的Internet n 因特网*interview n & v 采访;会见，面试into prep 3 到……里；向内；变成introduce v 2 介绍*introduction n 引进；介绍invent v 发明；创造invention n 发明；创造invite v 2 邀请；招待*iron n & v 铁；熨斗；熨烫island n 2 岛it pron 3 它its pron 3 它的itself pron 3 它自己Jjacket n 1 夹克January n 一月Japan n 日本Japanese n & a 日本人(的)，日语(的) *jeans n 牛仔裤job n 3 （一份）工作join v 3 参加，加入；连接；会合joke n & v 1 笑话*joy n 欢乐，高兴，乐趣juice n 1 汁、液July n 7月jump v 2 跳跃；跳变；猛扑June n 6月just a &ad 3 刚才；恰好；仅Kkeep (kept,kept) v 3 保持；保存key n 2 钥匙；答案；键；关键keyboard n 键盘kick v & n 2 踢kid n 2 小孩kill v 3 杀死，弄死kilo=kilogram n 千克；kilometre (Am kilometer) n 1 千米kind1 a 善良的；友好的kind2n 3 种；类king n 2 国王kiss n & v 1 吻，亲吻kitchen n 2 厨房kite n 风筝knee n 1 膝盖knife (pl.knives) n 1 小刀；匕首；刀片knock v & n 1 敲；打；击know (knew,known) v 3 知道，了解；认识；懂得knowledge n 2 知识，学问Llab=laboratory n 1 实验室*labour (Am labor) n 劳动lady n 2 女士，夫人lake n 1 湖*lamb n 羔羊；羔羊肉lamp n 灯，油灯；光源land n & v 3 陆地；着陆；降落language n 2 语言large a 3 大的；巨大的a & v 3 最近刚过去的；最后的；持续late a & ad 3 晚的，迟的；laugh n & v 3 笑，大笑；嘲笑law n 3 法律，法令；定律lay (laid,laid) v 2 放，搁lazy a 懒惰的*lead (led,led) v 领导，带领leader n 3 领袖，领导人leaf (pl.leaves) n 1 （树，菜）叶learn (learnt,learnt) v 3 学，学习，学会least n 3 最少，最少量leave (left,left) v 3 离开；把……留下，剩下left a & n 1 左边的;向左/左(边)leg n 2 腿；腿脚；支柱*lemonade n 柠檬水lend (lent,lent) v 1 借（出）,把……借给lesson n 1 课；功课；教训let (let,let) v 3 让letter n 3 信；字母*level n 水平线，水平library n 1 图书馆，图书室license n 1 执照，许可证lie1 (lay,lain) v 2 躺；卧；平放；位于lie2v & n 1 谎言; 说谎life n 3 生命；生活；人生；生物lift v 2 举起；（云、烟等）消散light n,v & a 2 光;灯,点燃;明亮的;轻的;浅色的like v & prep 3 像;喜欢，喜爱line n 3 绳索，线，排，行，线路lion n 狮子list n & v 3 一览表，清单listen v 2 听,仔细听litter v &n 小的，少的little (less,least) a 3 乱丢杂物；垃圾live v 3 生活；居住；活着lively a 活泼的；充满生气的lock n & v 1 锁；锁上London n 伦敦lonely a 孤独的，寂寞的long a 3 长的look v & n 3 看，瞧lose (lost,lost) v 3 失去，丢失lot n 3 许多，好些loud a 1 大声的love v & n 3 爱；热爱；很喜欢lovely a 1 美好的，可爱的low a & ad 3 低；矮luck n 1 运气，好运lucky a 1 运气好，侥幸lunch n 2 午餐，午饭Mmachine n 2 机器*mad a 发疯的；生气的madam=madame n 夫人，女士magazine n 2 杂志*magic a 有魔力的mail n 1 邮政，邮递main a 3 主要的make (made,made) v 3 制造，做；使得man (pl.men) n 3 成年男人；人，人类*manage v 管理；设法对付manager n 2 经理many (more,most) pron & a 3 许多；许多的map n 1 地图March n 3月mark n & v 2 标记；作记号于market n 3 市场，集市*marriage n 结婚，婚姻marry v 2 （使）成婚，结婚*master v & n 精通，掌握主人match v & n 3 使相配；比赛；火柴math(s)=mathematics n 数学may modal v 3 可以；也许，可能May n 5月maybe ad 2 可能，大概，也许me pron 3 我（宾格）meal n 1 一餐（饭）mean (meant,meant) v 3 意思是，意指meaning n 1 意思，含意meat n 1 （猪、牛、羊等的）肉*medical a 医学的，医疗的medicine n 1 药；meet (met,met) v 3 遇见，见到meeting n 3 会；集会；会议；member n 3 成员，会员memory n 2 回忆，记忆mend v 修理，修补*mention n & v 提及；记载；提到，message n 2 消息，音信menu n 菜单metal n & a 1 金属；金属制成的*method n 方法，办法metre (Am meter) n 1 米，公尺middle n 3 中间；当中；中级的*might modal v 可能，也许，或许mile n 2 n英里milk n 1 牛奶mind n & v 3 思想，想法；介意，pron 3 我的minute n 3 分钟；一会儿，瞬间*mirror n 镜子miss1n 3 小姐，女士(称呼未婚妇女) miss2v 2 失去，错过，缺mistake (mistook,mistaken) v & n 2 错误；弄错model n 2 模型，原形；范例；模范modern a 2 现代的mom (Am mum) n 1 妈妈moment n 3 片刻，瞬间Monday n 星期一money n 3 钱；货币monitor n 1 班长；监视器monkey n 猴子month n 3 月，月份moon n 1 月球；月光；月状物more a,ad & n 3 另外的;较多的;而且;更多的量morning n 3 早晨，上午most a & ad 3 最多；大多数mother n 3 母亲*motorcycle n 摩托车mountain n 2 山，山脉mouse (pl.mice) n 鼠，耗子；（计算机）鼠标mouth n 2 嘴，口move v 3 移动，搬动，搬家movie n 2 （口语）电影Mr.(mister) n 3 先生（用于姓名前）Mrs.(mistress) n 3 夫人,太太Ms. n 3 女士much a 3 许多的，大量的*murder v 谋杀museum n 2 博物馆，博物院music n 3 音乐，乐曲must modal v 3 必须；必定是my pron 3 我的myself pron 2 我自己Nname n 3 名字，姓名，名称national a 3 国家的，全国性的，民族的natural a 2 自然的nature n 2 自然, 性质，种类near a 3 近的nearly ad 2 将近，几乎necessary a 2 必需的，必要的neck n 1 颈，脖子need modal v,v & n 3 需要，需求neighbour (Am neighbor) n 1 邻居，邻人neither a 2 （两者）都不；也不nervous a 1 紧张不安的never ad 3 决不，从来没有new a 3 新的；新鲜的news n 3 新闻，消息newspaper n 2 报纸next a & ad 3 最近的,隔壁的;随后,下一步nice a 2 令人愉快的；好的，漂亮的night n 3 夜；夜间nine num 3 九nineteen num 3 十九ninety num 3 九十ninth num 2 第九no ad & a 3 不，不是；没有nobody n & pron 2 没有人，谁也不*nod v 点头noise n 1 声音，噪声，喧闹声none pron 2 无任何人(物)，无一人noodle n 面条noon n 中午，正午nor conj 2 也不normal a 2 正常的（状态）north a & n 3 北的；北方northern a 2 北方的，北部的nose n 1 鼻not ad 3 不，没note n & v 2 便条，笔记；钞票*notebook n 笔记簿nothing pron 3 没有东西，没有什么notice n & v 2 布告，通告；注意November n 11月now ad 3 现在number n 3 数，数字，号码；数量nurse n 1 护士；保育员OOK ad (口语）好，对，不错object n 2 物，物体；宾语ocean n 1 海洋October n 10月of prep 3 ……的off prep & ad 3 离开，（走）开offer v & n 3 提供；建议office n 3 办公室*officer n 军官；公务员，官员；often ad 3 经常，常常oil n 3 油油田old a 3 老的，旧的on prep 3 在……上（时），关于once n,ad & conj 3 一次，从前一旦one num & pron 3 一*oneself pron 自己；自身only ad 3 惟一的，仅有的；仅仅，open a&v 3 开着的；开，打开*operation n 手术，操作or conj 3 或；就是；否则orange a & n 2 橘子，橘汁；橘色的，order v & n 2 定购，定货；点菜;顺序other pron & a 3 别的，另外的our pron 3 我们的ours pronourselves pron 1 我们自己out ad 3 出外；在外,向外；熄灭outside n,ad & prep 3 外面;在外面；向外面;在……外面over prep & ad 3 在…上方;越过;遍及;翻倒;结束*overcoat n 大衣own a&v 3 自己的;拥有，所有owner n 2 物主，所有人P*P.C.=personal computer n 个人电脑P.E.=physical education n 体育Pacific n & a 太平洋(的)*package n 一包，一袋，一盒page n 3 页，页码*paint n 油漆pair n 2 一双，一对palace n 1 宫，宫殿*pale a 苍白的，灰白的*pancake n 薄煎饼panda n 熊猫paper n 3 纸；报纸pardon n 原谅，宽恕，对不起parent n 3 父(母)，双亲park1n 2 公园park2v 2 停放（汽车）part n 3 部分；成分；角色；部件；party n 3 聚会，晚会；党派pass v 3 传，递；经过；通过*passage n （文章等的）一段；通道passenger n 1 乘客，旅客*passport n 护照past n,a & prep 3 经过；过去；path n 1 小道，小径patient1n 2 病人patient2 a 2 耐心的pay (paid, paid) v 3 付钱，给……报酬*peace n 和平pear n 梨子，梨树pen n 1 钢笔，笔*pence n （英）便士；美分（复数）pencil n 铅笔*penny n （英）便士；美分people n 3 人，人们；人民*percent n 百分之……*perfect a 完美的，极好的perhaps ad 3 可能，或*period n 时期，时代person n 3 人personal a 3 个人的，私人的pet n 1 宠物，爱畜phone=telephone v & n 2 打电话；电话，电话机photo=photograph n 3 照片physics n 身体的；物理的piano n 钢琴pick v 2 拾起，采集；挑选picnic n 野餐picture n 2 图片，画片，照片pie n 甜馅饼piece n 2 一块（片，张，件……）pig n 猪pilot n 1 飞行员pink n & a 2 粉红色（的）pioneer n 先锋，开拓者pity n 怜悯，同情place n & v 3 地方，处所，放置，安置，安排*plain a & n 家常的；普通的plan n & v 3 计划，打算plane n 2 飞机planet n 1 行星plant v & n 3 种植，播种；植物plastic n & a 1 塑料的plate n 1 板；片；牌；盘子；盆子play v 3 玩；打（球）；游戏；播放playground n 操场，运动场pleasant a 1 令人愉快的，舒适的please v 2 请；使人高兴，使人满意pleasure n 1 高兴，愉快*plenty n 充足，大量pocket n 1 （衣服的）口袋*poem n 诗point v & n 3 指，指向；点，分数police n 3 警察，警务人员policeman (/woman) n 1 警察；巡警*policy n 政策*polite a 有礼貌的，有教养的*pond n 池塘pool n 1 水塘，水池poor a 2 贫穷的；可怜的；不好的,差的pop=popular a 1 (口语) (音乐、艺术等)大众的,通俗的popular a 2 流行的，大众的，受欢迎的population n 2 人口，人数pork n 猪肉*position n 位置possible a 3 可能的post v 2 投寄；邮寄postcard n 明信片postman n 邮递员potato n 1 土豆，马铃薯pound n 3 磅；英镑practice n 2 练习practise (Am practice) v 2 练习*praise n & v 赞扬，表扬*prepare v 准备, 预备；调制，配制present n 2 礼物，赠品*president n 总统；主席pretty a 2 漂亮的，俊俏的*prevent v 防止, 预防price n 3 价格，价钱pride n 1 自豪，骄傲*primary a 初等的；初级的*print v 印刷*prison n 监狱*prisoner n 囚犯*private a 私人的prize n 2 奖赏，奖品probably ad 3 很可能，大概problem n 3 问题，难题produce v 3 生产；制造programme n 3 节目；项目progress n & v 2 进步，上进*promise n & v 答应，允诺pronounce v 发音*pronunciation n 发音proper a 1 恰当的，合适的protect v 2 保护proud a 1 自豪的；骄傲的*prove v 证明provide v 3 提供public a & n 3 公共的，公众的；公众pull v & n 2 拉，拖n. 拉力，引力*punish v 惩罚，处罚pupil n 1 （小）学生purple a & n 2 紫色*purpose n 目的，意图purse n 钱包push n & v 2 推put (put, put) v 3 放，摆Qquarter n 2 四分之一，一刻钟*queen n 皇后，女王question n 3 问题quick a & ad 3 快；敏捷的；急剧的;快地quiet a 2 安静的；寂静的quite ad 3 完全，十分Rrabbit n 兔，家兔race n 3 赛跑，竞赛radio n 3 无线电，收音机railway n 1 铁路；铁道rain v & n 2 雨，雨水；下雨raincoat n 雨衣rainy a 下雨的；多雨的raise v 3 使升高；饲养*rapid a 快的，迅速的rat n 老鼠rather ad 3 相当，宁可reach v 3 到达，伸手（脚等）够到read (read,read) v 3 读；朗读ready a 2 准备好的real a 3 真实的，确实的*realise (Am realize) v 认识到，实现really ad 3 真正地；到底；确实reason n 3 理由，原因receive v 3 收到，得到*recent a 近来的，最近的*recite v 背诵*record v & n 录制，记录；唱片*recorder n 录音机red a & n 3 红色;红色的refuse v 2 拒绝，不愿*regard v 把……看作*regret n & v 可惜，遗憾；痛惜；哀悼*relation n 关系；亲属relax v 1 （使）放松，轻松*remain v 余下，留下；保持，仍是remember v 3 记得，想起repair n & v 1 修理；修补*repeat v 重说，重做reply v & n 2 回答，答复report n & v 3 报道，报告*require v 需求；要求research n 3 研究，调查rest n & v 2 休息；剩余的部分，restaurant n 2 饭馆, 饭店result n 3 结果，效果*retell v 重讲，重复，复述return v 3 归还，回，归review v & n 2 重新调查;回顾;复习;复查;评论rice n 1 稻米；米饭rich a 2 富裕的，有钱的ride (rode,ridden) v 2 骑（马、自行车）；乘车riddle n 谜(语)right n & a 3 权利；对，正确的ring (rang, rung) v & n 2 环形；戒指rise (rose,risen) v 3 上升，上涨*risk n 冒险river n 2 江；河；水道；巨流road n 3 路，道路robot n 机器人rock n 2 岩石，大石头*role n 角色room n 3 房间，室；空间；地方*rope n 绳，索*rose n 玫瑰花round ad,prep & a 2 转过来;环绕一周,围着;圆/球形的row v 1 划船*rubber n 橡胶；合成橡胶rubbish n 垃圾；废物rule n & v 3 规则，规定；统治；支配ruler n 统治者；直尺run (ran,run) v 3 跑，奔跑；（颜色）褪色rush v 1 冲，奔跑*Russia n 俄罗斯，俄国Russian n & a 俄国人(的)，俄语(的) Ssad a 2 悲伤的safe a & n 2 安全的;保险柜safety n 2 安全，保险sail n & v 1 航行;航行,开航salad n 色拉*sale n 卖，出售salt n 1 盐same n & a 3 同样的事；同样的，sand n 1 沙，沙子*sandwich n 三明治（夹心面包片）*satisfy v 满足，使满意Saturday n 星期六*sausage n 香肠，腊肠save v 2 救，挽救，节省say (said, said) v 3 说，讲*scarf n 领巾，围巾school n 3 学校schoolbag n 书包science n 2 科学，自然科学scientist n 2 科学家score n & v 2 得分，分数screen n 2 幕，荧光屏sea n 2 海，海洋search n & v 2 搜寻，搜查season n 3 季；季节seat n 2 座位，座second num,a & n 3 秒；第二；secret n 2 秘密，内情*secretary n 秘书；书记see (saw,seen) v 3 看见，看到；领会；拜会seem v 3 似乎，好像*seldom ad 很少，不常sell (sold,sold) v 3 卖，售send (sent,sent) v 3 打发，派遣；送，邮寄*sense n 感觉，意识*sentence n 句子*separate v&a 使分离；单独的，分开的September n 9月serious a 3 严肃的，严重的；认真的*servant n 仆人，佣人serve v 2 招待（顾客等），服务*service n 服务set (set,set) v & n 3 装备,设备;设置(布景,背景);释放，安置seven num 3 七seventeen num 3 十七seventh num 2 第七seventy num 3 七十several pron & a 3 几个，数个；若干*shake (shook,shaken) v 动摇，震动shall (should) aux & v 2 （表示将来）将要，*shame n 遗憾的事；羞愧shape n & v 2 形状，外形；使成型，share v 3 分享，共同使用she pron 3 她sheep (pl.sheep) n （绵）羊；羊皮；驯服者shelf （pl.shelves）n. 架子；搁板；格层；礁；shine (shone,shone) v 发光；照耀；杰出；擦亮ship n 2 船，轮船shirt n 1 男衬衫shoe n 1 鞋shop n 2 商店，车间short a 3 短的；矮的*shorts n 短裤；运动短裤should modal v 3 应当，应该*shoulder n 肩膀；（道路的）路肩shout n & v 1 喊，高声呼喊show (showed,shown) v 3 展示，展览（会）；演出shower n 阵雨；淋浴shut (shut,shut) v 1 关上，封闭；禁闭；shy a 害羞的sick a 1 有病的，患病的；（想）呕吐side n 3 边，旁边，面，侧面sight n 2 情景，风景；视力*silence n 安静，沉默silent a 1 无声的，无对话的silk n （蚕）丝，丝织品silly a 傻的，愚蠢的*silver n 银*similar a 相似的，像*simple a 简单的，简易的since p,conj&ad 3 从那时以来;从…以来,…以后,由于sing (sang,sung) v 2 唱，唱歌single a 3 单一的，单个的sir n 2 先生；阁下sister n 3 姐；妹sit (sat,sat) v 3 坐situation n 3 形势，情况six num 3 六sixteen num 3 十六sixth num 2 第六sixty num 3 六十size n 2 尺寸，大小skate v 溜冰，滑冰*skill n 技能，技巧skirt n 女裙sky n 1 天；天空sleep (slept, slept) v & n 2 睡觉*sleepy a 想睡的，困倦的，瞌睡的slow a & ad 2 慢慢地，缓慢地small a 3 小的，少的*smart a 灵巧的，伶俐的；时髦的，smell (-ed /smelt) n & v 1 嗅，闻到；发气味smile n & v 2 微笑smoke v & n 2 烟；冒烟；吸烟*smooth a 光滑的；平坦的snake n 蛇snow v & n 1 雪；下雪。
世界手表专业词汇中英文对照
AAccuracy（准确度）钟与表是最古老的，也是最需讲究准确度的机械装置。
一天（86,400秒）中偏离（快或慢）正确时间30秒的机芯（movement），在数学上，误差是0.035％。
换句话说，准确度是99.965％。
官方认证的天文台表（chronometers）必须误差低於0.005％的需求，18世纪的怀表，即使经精细的调校，一天的误差仍在半小时左右。
Adjustment（调校）调校的项目有温度（temperature）、位置（position）与等时性（ Isochronism）。
高级钟表通常有冷、热、5方位与等时共8项调校手续。
温度调校一般是指4℃、20℃与38℃。
Alarm Watch（闹铃表）在预设的时间到时会自动发出声响的怀表与腕表。
闹铃表是人类所设计的机械时计中最早期的复杂表之一，16世纪就已出现。
当今要找到一苹有闹表装置的古怀表很不易。
至於现代的腕表不论是石英的、电子的、手上链或自动上链的很普遍。
下列厂牌都有闹铃表∶万宝龙（MONTBLANC）、梭曼（REVUE THOMMEN）、IKEPOD （seaslug alarm）、积家与VULCAIN等。
Analogue，Analog indications（指针式时间显示）此术语用来表示∶「表的面盘以指针（hands）而非数字（digital）来显示时间」。
「指针绕著面盘移动是传统显示时间的方式。
近代腕表也有视窗数字型显示月份、星期与日期的，但是时与分仍保留指针式，电子表则大多是数字（digital）指示的。
Annual calandar（年历表或日、月、星三历表）每逢小月（30天）和二月（是否闰年？）都必须动手调校日期的表。
例如百达翡丽的Ref. 5035。
Aperture（孔径、视窗）在表的面盘上所开的孔或称为视窗。
例如雅典（Ulysse Nardin）所生产的 Ludwig式万年历腕表，就有年份、月、星期与日期小视窗。
Arbor（轴、心轴）机芯运转构造的轮轴（axle），就是arbor（轴、心轴），不过为区分别起见，在平衡轮（balance）上的称为staff（轴杆），而在lever（马仔）上称为arbor（心轴）。
模具专业词汇中英文对照表
模具专业词汇中英文对照表1. 模具材料（Mould Materials）•合金钢（Alloy Steel）•不锈钢（Stnless Steel）•工具钢（Tool Steel）•铸造铁（Cast Iron）•铝合金（Aluminum Alloy）•铜合金（Copper Alloy）•硅橡胶（Silicone Rubber）•塑料（Plastic）•陶瓷（Ceramic）2. 模具零件（Mould Components）•模板（Mold Base）•注塑装置（Injection Unit）•顶出器（Ejector）•气嘴（Nozzle）•间隙（Clearance）•提位器（Lifter）•滑块（Slide）•定位圈（Locating Ring）•膜背（Backing Plate）•挡块（Stop Block）•压板（Clamp Plate）•冷却管（Coolant Pipe）•驱动装置（Drive Unit）3. 模具制造工艺（Mould Manufacturing Process）•设计（Design）•切割（Cutting）•加工（Machining）•组装（Assembly）•调试（Debugging）•精修（Finishing）•表面处理（Surface Treatment）•检查（Inspection）•试产（Trial Production）4. 模具加工方式（Mould Processing Methods）•铣削（Milling）•磨削（Grinding）•拉刀（Planing）•镗削（Boring）•钻孔（Drilling）•线切割（Wire Cutting）•抛光（Polishing）•火花加工（EDM）5. 模具设计要点（Key Points in Mold Design）•壁厚（Wall Thickness）•浇注系统（Gating System）•冷却系统（Cooling System）•排气（Venting）•气罩（Bubbler）•顶杆（Ejector Pin）•脱模斜度（Draft Angle）•零件坯料与尺寸（Blank and Dimensions）•对位方式（Alignment Method）•衬套（Insert）•翻制（Flip Mold）•分模（Split Mold）6. 模具维护与保养（Mold Mntenance）•模具清洁（Mold Cleaning）•润滑（Lubrication）•排浆（Purging）•磨损修复（Wear Repr）•抛光修复（Polish Repr）•零件更换（Component Replacement）•修复记录（Repr Record）•数字化管理（Digital Management）7. 模具常见故障及解决方法（Common Mold Faults and Solutions）•翘曲（Warping）•缺陷（Defects）•泛油（Flash）•磨损（Wear）•烧坏（Burning）•掉件（Part Ejection）•插损（Insert Damage）以上仅是模具专业领域常用词汇的一个简单对照表。
中英文对照
工程热力学中英文对照词汇表整理：孙志坚AAbsolute entropy绝对熵Absolute pressure绝对压力Absolute temperature绝对温度Absolute zero of temperature绝对零度Adiabatic enthalpy drop绝热焓降Adiabatic exponent绝热指数Adiabatic flame temperature绝热燃烧温度Adiabatic process绝热过程Adiabatic system绝热系Anergy 火无，无用能Atmosphere大气Available energy有用能A vogadro’s hypothesis阿伏伽德罗假说BBinary vapour cycle两气循环B oltzman’s constant玻尔兹曼常数CCarnot cycle卡诺循环Carnot, N.L.S. 卡诺C arnot’s theorem卡诺定理Celsius temperature scale摄氏温标Characteristic function特性函数Chemical equilibrium化学平衡Chemical equilibrium constant化学平衡常数1Chemical potential化学势Chemical thermodynamics化学热力学Clapeyron equation克拉贝龙方程Classical thermodynamics经典热力学Clausius-Clapeyron equation克劳修斯-克拉贝龙方程Clausius, R. 克劳修斯Closed system闭口系Coefficient of performance of refrigerator制冷系数Coefficient of thermal expansion热膨胀系数Coefficient of utilization of thermal energy热能利用系数Combined cycle联合循环Compressibility factor压缩因子Compression ratio of cycle循环压缩比Compression work压缩功Condition of phase equilibrium相平衡条件Condition of stability稳定性条件Conservation of energy能量守恒Conservation of mass质量守恒Control mass控制质量Control surface控制面Control volume控制容积Continuty equation连续性方程Covergent-divergent nozzle缩放喷管Covergent nozzle渐缩喷管Criteria for equilibrium平衡判据Critical point临界点Critical state临界状态Critical flow临界流动Critical pressure ratio临界压力比Cycle循环DDegradation of energy能量贬值2Density密度Diesel cycle笛塞尔循环Divergent nozzle渐扩喷管Diffuser扩压管Dissipation of energy能量耗散D olton’s law of partial pressare道尔顿分压定律Dry saturated steam干饱和蒸汽Dual cycle混合加热循环EEffect of dissipation耗散效应Energy能量Engineering atmosphere工程大气压力Engineering thermodynamics工程热力学Enthalpy焓Enthalpy drop焓降Entropy熵Entropy balance equation熵方程Equation of energy for steady flow稳定流动能量方程Equation of state状态方程Equation of state in reduced form对比态方程Equilibrium平衡Equilibrium state平衡状态Ericsson cycle埃尔逊循环Exergy火用Expansion work膨胀功Extensive quantity尺度量FFahrenheit temperature scale华氏温标First law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律3Flow work流动功Flux of entropy熵流Free energy自由能Free enthalpy自由焓Free expansion自由膨胀Friction摩擦Force力GGas气体Gas constant气体常数Gauge pressure表压力Generalized compressibility chart通用压缩因子图Generalized work广义功Generation of entropy熵产G ibbs’ function吉布斯函数G ibbs’ J.W.吉布斯G ibbs’ phase rule吉布斯相律Gravitational potential重力位能HHeat热Heat of combustion燃烧热Heat (enthalpy) of formation生成热（生成焓）Heat of reaction反应热Heat pump热泵Heat source热源Helmhotz function亥姆霍兹函数H ess’ law赫斯定律Humidity湿度4IIdeal gas equation of state理想气体状态方程Inequality of Clausius克劳修斯不等式Intensive quantity强度量Internal combustion engine内燃机Internal energy热力学能（内能）Inversion curve转变曲线Inversion temperature转变温度Irreversible cycle不可逆循环Irreversible process不可逆过程Isentropic compressibility绝热压缩系数Isentropic process定熵过程Isobaric process定压过程Isolated system孤立系Isometric process定容过程Isothermal compressibility定温压缩系数Isothermal process定温过程JJoule, J.P. 焦耳Joule-Thomon effect焦—汤效应KKelvin, L. (Thomson, W.) 开尔文Kinetic energy动能K irchhoff’s law基尔霍夫定律5LLatent heat潜热Law of corresponding states对应态定律Law of partial volume分容积定律Le Cha telier’s principle吕—查德里原理Local velocity of sound当地声速Lost available energy有用能损失MMach number马赫数Mass flow rate质量流量Maximum work from chemical reaction反应最大功Maxwell, J.C. 麦克斯韦Maxwell relations麦克斯韦关系M ayer’s formula迈耶公式Mechanical equilibrium力学平衡Metastable equilibrium亚稳定平衡Mixture of gases混合气体Moist air湿空气Moisture content含湿量Molar specific heat摩尔比热NNernst heat theorem奈斯特热定理Nonequilibrium-thermodynamics非平衡热力学Nozzle喷管O6One dimensional flow一维流动Open system开口系Otto cycle奥托循环PParameter of state状态参数Perfect gas理想气体Perpetual motion engine永动机Perpetual motion engine of the second kind第二类永动机Phase相Polytropic process 多变过程Potential energy位能Power cycle动力循环Pressure压力Principle of increase of entropy熵增原理Process过程Psychrometer chart湿空气焓—湿图Push work推挤功Pure substance纯物质QQuantity of refrigeration制冷量Quality of vapor-liquid mixture, Dryness干度Quasi-equilibrium process准平衡过程Quasi-static process准静态过程RRankine cycle朗肯循环Ratio of pressure of cycle循环增压比Real gas实际气体7Reduced parameter对比参数Refrigerant制冷剂Refrigeration cycle制冷循环Refrigerator制冷机Regenerative cycle回热循环Reheated cycle再热循环Relative humidity相对湿度Revesed Carnot cycle逆卡诺循环Reversed cycle逆循环Reversible cycle可逆循环Reversible process可逆过程SSaturated air饱和空气Saturation pressure饱和压力Saturation state饱和状态Saturation tempperature饱和温度Saturated vapor饱和蒸汽Saturated water饱和水Second law of thermodynamics热力学第二定律Simple compressible system简单可压缩系Sink冷源Specific heat比热容Specific heat at constant pressure定压比热容Specific heat at constant volume定容比热容Specific humidity绝对湿度Specific volume比体积Stable equilibrium稳定平衡Stagnation enthalpy滞止焓Standard atmosphere标准大气压力Standard enthalpy of formation标准生成焓Standard state标准状况8State状态State postulate状态公理Statistical thermodynamics统计热力学Steady flow稳定流动Steam水蒸汽Subsonic亚声速Superheated steam过热蒸汽Supersonic超声速TTemperature温度Temperature of dew-point露点温度Temperature scale温度标尺Technical work技术功Theoretical flame temperature理论燃烧温度Thermal coefficient热系数Thermal efficiency热效率Thermal equilibrium热平衡Thermodynamic Probability热力学概率Thermodynamics热力学Thermodynamic system热力学系统Thermodynamic temperature scale热力学温标Third law of thermodynamics热力学第三定律Throttling节流Triple point 三相点UUnavailable energy无用能Universal gas constant通用气体常数9VVacuum真空度V an der Waals’ equation范德瓦尔斯方程Velocity of sound声速Virial equation of state维里状态方程WWet-Bulb temperature湿球温度Wet saturated steam湿饱和蒸汽Work功Working substance 工质ZZeroth law of thermodynamics热力学第零定律10。
高中历史重要词汇中英文对照表
<历史>重要词汇中英文对照表马可·波罗Marco Polo达·迦马Vasco Da Gama麦哲伦Ferdinand Magellan印第安人Indian乔托Giotto米开朗琪罗Buonarroti Michelangelo 拉菲尔Raphael马基雅维利Niccolò Machiavelli塞万提斯Miguel de Cervantes伽利略Galileo中世纪Medieval Period哥伦布Christopher Columbus 商业革命Commercial Revolution 殖民主义colonialism奴隶贸易slave trade文艺复兴Renaissance人文主义humanism但丁Dante达·芬奇Leonardo da Vinci莎士比亚William Shakespeare哥白尼Nicolaus Copernicus 宗教改革The Reformation马丁·路德Martin Luther闵采尔Thomas Müntzer胡格诺派Huguenots加尔文派Calvinists亨利八世He nry Ⅷ圈地运动enclosure movement 都铎王朝House of Tudor斯图亚特王朝House of Stuart詹姆士一世James Ⅰ查理一世Charles Ⅰ英国国教the Anglican Church 清教徒Puritan克伦威尔Oliver Cromwell护国公Lord Protector查理二世Charles Ⅱ詹姆士二世James Ⅱ辉格党Whig托利党Tory光荣革命Glorious Revolution 《权利法案》Bill of Rights君主立宪制Constitutional Monarchy波旁王朝House of Bourbon哈布斯堡王朝House of Habsburg重商主义mercantilism路易十四Louis ⅩⅣ彼得大帝Peter the Great腓特烈二世Frederick Ⅱ凡尔赛宫The Palace of Versailles约瑟夫二世Joseph Ⅱ开明专制enlightened despotism英国东印度公司British East India Company《航海条例》Navigation Acts七年战争Seven Years’ War启蒙运动Enlightenment霍布斯Thomas Hobbes洛克John Locke伏尔泰Voltaire孟德斯鸠Charles Louis de Secondat Montesquieu卢梭Jean Jacques Rousseau狄德罗Denis Diderot百科全书派Encyclopedists第三等级the Third Estate路易十六Louis ⅩⅥ三级会议the Estate-General国民议会National Assembly制宪议会Constituent Assembly巴士底监狱the Bastille法国大革命French Revolution《人权宣言》Declaration of the Rights of Man andof the Citizen雅各宾派the Jacobins罗伯斯庇尔Maximilien de Robespierre热月政变Thermidorian Reaction督政府Directory Government雾月政变Coup d' Etat of Brumaire拿破仑Napoleon Bonaparte执政府the Consulate法兰西第一帝国the First French Empire《拿破仑法典》the Code Napoleon滑铁卢战役Battle of Waterloo杰斐逊Thomas Jefferson富兰克林Benjamin Franklin《常识》Common Sense大陆会议The Continental Congress 乔治·华盛顿George Washington《独立宣言》Declaration of Independence 杜桑·卢维杜尔Toussaint-Louverture伊达尔哥Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla玻利瓦尔Simón Bolívar圣马丁José de San Martín幕府Shogunate武士samurai锁国令Sedusion Orders丰臣秀吉Toyotomi Hideyoshi巴布尔Baber莫卧儿帝国the Mughal Empire阿克巴Akbar工业革命Industrial Revolution飞梭flying-shuttle珍妮纺纱机spinning-jenny骡机spinning-mule水力织布机water-frame瓦特James Watt富尔顿Robert Fulton史蒂芬孙George Stephenson蒸汽时代the Age of Steam亚当·斯密Adam Smith《国富论》The Wealth of Nations维也纳会议the Congress of Vienna维也纳体系Vienna System神圣同盟Holy Alliance四国同盟（1813）Quadruple Alliance卢德运动Luddite movement马克思Karl Marx恩格斯Friedrich Engels《共产党宣言》The Communist Manifesto 共产主义者同盟Communist League科学社会主义Scientific Socialism马克思主义Marxism国际工人协会International Working-men'sAssociation第一国际First International巴黎公社Commune of Paris西进运动Westward Movement自由州Free State蓄奴州Slave State《宅地法》Homestead Act林肯Abraham Lincoln《解放黑人奴隶Emancipation Proclamation 宣言》美国内战Civil War (U.S.)俾斯麦Otto von Bismarch铁血政策Iron and Blood明治维新Meiji Restoration克里米亚战争Crimean War奥斯曼帝国the Ottoman Empire巴布教Bābism西门子Ernst Werner von Siemens 爱迪生Thomas Alva Edison贝尔Alexander Graham Bell马可尼Guglielmo Marconi卡特尔Cartel辛迪加Syndicat托拉斯Trust洛克菲勒John D. Rockefeller容克Junker《江华条约》The Treaty of Kanghua 《朴茨茅斯和约》The Treaty of Portsmouth 苏伊士运河Suez Canal第二国际Second International列宁Vladimir Ilich Lenin奥匈帝国Austria-Hungary斯拉夫人Slaves威廉二世William Ⅱ三国同盟the Triple Alliance三国协约the Triple Entente斐迪南大公Archduke Ferdinand第一次世界大战World War Ⅰ萨拉热窝事件Assassination at Sarajevo笛卡尔René Desc artes牛顿Isaac Newton莱布尼茨Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz法拉第Michael Faraday麦克斯韦James Clerk Maxwell赫兹Heinrich Rudolf Hertz波义耳Robert Boyle拉瓦锡Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier道尔顿John Dalton阿伏加德罗Amedeo Avogadro门捷列夫Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev 哈维William Harvey林奈Carolus Linnaeus施莱登Matthias Jakob Schleiden施旺Theodor Schwann拉马克Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck达尔文Charles Robert Darwin伦琴Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen居里夫人Marie Sklodowska Curie爱因斯坦Albert Einstein巴斯德Louis Pasteur培根Francis Bacon歌德Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 拜伦George Gordon Byron司汤达Stendhal狄更斯Charles Dickens果戈理Nikolay Gogol普希金Alexander Pushkin安徒生Hans Christian Andersen易卜生Henrik Ibsen马克·吐温Mark Twain泰戈尔Rabindranath Tagore德拉克洛瓦Eugène Delacroix列宾Ilya Yefimovich Repin莫扎特Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart贝多芬Ludwig van Beethoven舒伯特Franz Peter Schubert约翰·施特劳斯Johann Strauss肖邦Frédéric Chopin李斯特Franz Liszt柴可夫斯基Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky莫里哀Molière二月革命February Revolution布尔什维克Bolshevik苏维埃Soviet罗曼诺夫王朝Romanov Dynasty俄国临时政府Russian Provisional Government 东宫Winter Palace十月革命October Revolution红军Red Army战时共产主义Wartime Communism新经济政策New Economic Policy非暴力不合作运动civil disobedience（文明不服从运动）凯末尔 A. Kemal Atatürk甘地M. K. Gandhi印度国民大会党Indian National Congress苏联Union of Socialist Soviet Republics(USSR)斯大林J. Stalin五年计划Five-Year Plan巴黎和会Paris Peace Conference三巨头Big Three威尔逊Woodrow Wilson十四点The Fourteen Points《凡尔赛和约》Treaty of Versailles国际联盟The League of Nations国际联盟盟约Covenant of the League of Nations 华盛顿会议Washington Conference英联邦the British Commonwealth of Nations 自治领Self Governing Dominion法西斯党Fascist Party马克Mark道威斯计划Dawes Plan《洛迦诺公约》Locarno Pact大危机The Great Depression新政New Deal富兰克林·罗斯福 F. D. Roosevelt《国家工业复兴法》The National Industrial Recovery Acts 德国民族社会主义Nation Socialist Workers’工人党Party纳粹Nazi希特勒Adolf Hitler国会纵火案Reichstag Fire西班牙内战Spanish Civil War国际纵队International Brigades美国的中立法American Neutrality Acts《反共产国际协定》Anti-Comintern Pact轴心国Axis Powers绥靖政策Policy of Appeasement慕尼黑协定The Munich Agreement慕尼黑阴谋Munich scheme《苏德互不侵犯Treaty of Non-Aggression条约》Between Soviet Union and Germany 闪击战Blitzkrieg东方战线Eastern Front马奇诺防线Maginot Line自由法国Free French戴高乐Charles de Gaulle不列颠之战Battle of Britain丘吉尔Winston Churchill珍珠港Pearl Harbour《大西洋宪章》Atlantic Charter《联合国家宣言》Declaration by Union Nations中途岛Midway Island诺曼底Normandy开罗会议Cairo Conference《开罗宣言》Cairo Declaration德黑兰会议Teheran Conference雅尔塔会议Yalta Conference《波茨坦公告》The Potsdam Proclamation杜鲁门Harry S. Truman《联合国宪章》Charter of the United Nations联合国大会The General Assembly of the UnitedNations安理会The Security Council冷战Cold War马歇尔计划The Marshall Plan北大西洋公约组织The North Atlantic TreatyOrganization (NATO)华沙条约组织The Warsaw Pact Organization德意志联邦共和国German Federal Republic德意志民主共和国German Democratic Republic柏林墙Berlin Wall越南战争Vietnam War朝鲜战争Korean War欧洲共同体European Communities欧洲煤钢联营European Coal and Steel Community 欧洲经济共同体European Economic Community欧洲原子能联营European Atomic Energy Community 马丁·路德·金Martin Luther King, Jr.民权运动Civil Rights Movement越南民主共和国The Democratic Republic of Vietnam 古巴导弹危机Cuban Missile Crisis中东战争Middle East War尼赫鲁J. Nehru巴勒斯坦Palestine自由军官组织Free Officer's Organization亚非会议The Afro-Asian Conference不结盟运动Non-Aligned Movement第三世界the Third World纳米比亚Namibia77国集团Group of 77石油输出国组织Organization of Petroleum ExportingCountries (OPEC)戈尔巴乔夫Gorbachev白俄罗斯Byelorussia俄罗斯联邦The Russian Federation独立国家联合体Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS)欧洲联盟European Union霸权主义hegemonism《全面禁止核试验Comprehensive条约》Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty经济全球化economic globalization亚太经济合作组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)知识经济knowledge economy可持续发展sustainable development存在主义existentialism汤因比 A. J. Toynbee经济学economics凯恩斯J. M. Keynes未来学futurology萧伯纳G. B. Shaw海明威 E. Hemingway 毕加索P. Picasso爵士乐jazz摇滚乐rock and roll 好莱坞Hollywood卓别林 C. Chaplin。
管理学常用词汇中英文对照表
（1）目标 mission/ objective集体目标 group objective内部环境 internal environment外部环境 external environment计划 planning组织 organizing人事 staffing领导 leading控制 controlling步骤 process原理 principle方法 technique经理 manager总经理 general manager行政人员 administrator主管人员 supervisor企业 enterprise商业 business产业 industry公司 company效果 effectiveness效率 efficiency企业家 entrepreneur权利 power职权 authority职责 responsibility科学管理 scientific management现代经营管理 modern operational management 行为科学 behavior science生产率 productivity激励 motivate动机 motive法律 law法规 regulation经济体系 economic system管理职能 managerial function产品 product服务 service利润 profit满意 satisfaction归属 affiliation自我实现 self-actualization人力投入 human input盈余 surplus收入 income成本 cost资本货物 capital goods机器 machinery设备 equipment建筑 building存货 inventory（2）经验法 the empirical approach人际行为法 the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法 the group behavior approach协作社会系统法 the cooperative social systems approach 社会技术系统法 the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法 the decision theory approach数学法 the mathematical approach系统法 the systems approach随机制宜法 the contingency approach管理任务法 the managerial roles approach经营法 the operational approach人际关系 human relation心理学 psychology态度 attitude压力 pressure冲突 conflict招聘 recruit鉴定 appraisal选拔 select培训 train报酬 compensation授权 delegation of authority协调 coordinate业绩 performance考绩制度 merit system表现 behavior下级 subordinate偏差 deviation检验记录 inspection record误工记录 record of labor-hours lost产品质量 quality of products先进技术 advanced technology 顾客服务 customer service策略 strategy结构 structure(3)领先性 primacy普遍性 pervasiveness忧虑 fear忿恨 resentment士气 morale解雇 layoff批发 wholesale零售 retail程序 procedure规则 rule规划 program预算 budget共同作用 synergy大型联合企业 conglomerate资源 resource购买 acquisition增长目标 growth goal专利产品 proprietary product竞争对手 rival晋升 promotion管理决策 managerial decision商业道德 business ethics有竞争力的价格 competitive price 供货商 supplier小贩 vendor利益冲突 conflict of interests派生政策 derivative policy开支帐户 expense account批准程序 approval procedure病假 sick leave休假 vacation工时 labor-hour机时 machine-hour资本支出 capital outlay工资率 wage rate税收率 tax rate股息 dividend现金状况 cash position资金短缺 capital shortage总预算 overall budget资产负债表 balance sheet可行性 feasibility投入原则 the commitment principle 投资回报 return on investment生产能力 capacity to produce实际工作者 practitioner最终结果 end result业绩 performance个人利益 personal interest福利 welfare市场占有率 market share创新 innovation生产率 productivity利润率 profitability社会责任 public responsibility董事会 board of director组织规模 size of the organization组织文化 organizational culture目标管理 management by objectives 评价工具 appraisal tool激励方法 motivational techniques控制手段 control device个人价值 personal worth优势 strength弱点 weakness机会 opportunity威胁 threat个人责任 personal responsibility顾问 counselor定量目标 quantitative objective定性目标 qualitative objective可考核目标 verifiable objective优先 priority工资表 payroll（4）政策 policy灵活性 discretion多种经营 diversification评估 assessment一致性 consistency应变策略 consistency strategy公共关系 public relation价值 value抱负 aspiration偏见 prejudice审查 review批准 approval主要决定 major decision分公司总经理 division general manager 资产组合距阵 portfolio matrix明星 star问号 question mark现金牛 cash cow赖狗 dog采购 procurement人口因素 demographic factor地理因素 geographic factor公司形象 company image产品系列 product line合资企业 joint venture破产政策 liquidation strategy紧缩政策 retrenchment strategy战术 tactics(5)追随 followership个性 individuality性格 personality安全 safety自主权 latitude悲观的 pessimistic静止的 static乐观的 optimistic动态的 dynamic灵活的 flexible抵制 resistance敌对 antagonism(6)激励 motivation潜意识 subconscious地位 status情感 affection欲望 desire压力 pressure满足 satisfaction自我实现的需要 needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要 esteem needs归属的需要 affiliation needs安全的需要 security needs生理的需要 physiological needs维持 maintenance保健 hygiene激励因素 motivator概率 probability强化理论 reinforcement theory反馈 feedback奖金 bonus股票期权 stock option劳资纠纷 labor dispute缺勤率 absenteeism人员流动 turnover奖励 reward(7)特许经营 franchise热诚 zeal信心 confidence鼓舞 inspire要素 ingredient忠诚 loyalty奉献 devotion作风 style品质 trait适应性 adaptability进取性 aggressiveness热情 enthusiasm人际交往能力 interpersonal skills行政管理能力 administrative ability智力 intelligence专制式领导 autocratic leader民主式领导 democratic leader自由放任式领导 free-rein leader管理方格图 the managerial grid工作效率 work efficiency服从 obedience领导行为 leader behavior支持型领导 supportive leadership参与型领导 participative leadership指导型领导 instrumental leadership成就取向型领导 achievement-oriented leadership。
中考词汇1600中英文对照原版
a.
便宜的，贱
cheat
v.
骗取，哄骗；作弊
check
n.
vt.
检查；批改;
校对，核对；检查；批改
cheer
n.&vi.
欢呼；喝彩
cheese
n.
奶酪
chemistry
n.
化学
chess
n.
棋
chest
n.
箱子；盒子；胸部
chicken
n.
鸡；鸡肉
child (pl.children)
n.
n.
中心，中央
century
n.
世纪，百年
certain
a.
确chairman/chairwoman
n.
主席；会长；议长
chalk
n.
粉笔
chance
n.
机会，可能性 、
change
n.
v.
零钱；找头．改变，变化；
更换；兑换
chant
vt.
n.
咏唱；歌颂;
颂歌；曲子
决定；下决心
decision
n.
决定；决心
deep
a.
ad.
深的;
深；深厚
degree
n.
程度；度数；学位
delicious
a.
美味的，可口的
dentist
n.
牙科医生
depend
vi.
依靠；依赖；指望；取决于
describe
vt.
描写，叙述
desk
n.
书桌，写字台
develop
v.
vt.
(使)发展；(使)发达；(使)发育；并发嘶．
EHS常用词汇中英文对照表
Байду номын сангаас
EHS常用词汇中英文对照表 EHS常用词汇中英文对照表
facility regulatory agency inspect compliance issue violate notice citation consent agreement decree e.g. etc existing resolve EPA、EU regulation directive operate track impact hygiene occupational occupational medicine complaint private community significant adverse publicity regional permit monitor emission indicate limit 设备、工具 调整的 代理、中介 检查、视察 依从、顺从 论点、结果、出版、发行 违反、冒犯 通知、布告、注意 引用、引证 同意、赞成、答应 同意、一致、协议 政令、法令、判决 举例来说 及其它、等等 现有的 决心、决定、解决 美国环保署、欧盟 规则、规章 指示 操作、运转 追踪 冲击、冲突、影响 卫生、卫生学 职业的 职业病学 诉苦、抱怨 私人的、私有的 团体 有意义的、重大的、重要 不利的、敌对的、相反的 公开 地方的、地域性的 许可、允许、许可证、通 行证 班长、监控 （光、热等）的散发、发 射 指出、显示、简要地说明 界限、限度、限制 potential risk minimization procedure entire periodically conduct document identify evaluate correct incorporate batch process document assessment injury fatality inventory approximate intermediate maintenance annual label implement specific generate license currently primary mediate formal communicate raw statement 潜在的 冒险、风险、冒…的危险 最小限度、最低额 程序、手续 全部的，完整的、整个 周期性的、定时性的 行为、引导、管理 文件、文档、档案 鉴别、识别 评价、估计 正确的、改正、纠正 合并 一批 程序文件 估价、评估 伤害 不幸、灾祸 详细目录、存货、总量 近似的、大约的、接近 中间的、媒介 维护、保持 年刊、年鉴、每年生的 标签、商标、标志 贯彻、实现、执行、工具 明确的 发生、产生 许可、特许、许可证 普遍地、通常地、目前、 现在 初步的、初级的、主要的 仲裁、调停 外形的、正式的 沟通、交流 原始的、未加工的 申明、陈述、综述
课标词汇1600按词性分类单词表格中英文对照(完整版)
中考词汇1600按词性分类单词表中英文名词ability 能力accent 口音airport 机场action 动作activity 活动address 地址advantage 优势，长处ad 广告advice 建议afternoon 下午agreement 协议，同意air 空气airline 航班airplane 飞机accident 事故animal 动物America 美国answer 回答ant 蚂蚁apple 苹果April 四月Area 地区arm 手臂army 军队art 艺术、美术article 文章，论文Asia 亚洲Atlantic 大西洋attention 注意力August 八月aunt 姨、姑、婶autumn 秋天Australia 澳洲baby 婴儿back 后背bear 熊banana 香蕉bank 银行baseball 棒球basket 篮子basketball 篮球bathroom 浴室beach 沙滩balloon 气球bell 铃、钟（声）behaviour 行为bee 蜜蜂beef 牛肉bike 自行车bill 钞票，账单bird 小鸟birthday 生日biscuit 饼干birth 出生bicycle 自行车blue 蓝色boat 小船body 身体book 书本black 黑色blackboard 黑板blood 血液boss 老板bottom 底部box 盒子，箱子boy 男孩bread 面包breakfast 早餐breath 呼吸bridge 桥bus 公车butterfly 蝴蝶brother兄弟brown 棕色brush 刷子cabbage 大白菜cake 蛋糕call ，叫声candle 蜡烛camel 骆驼camera 相机camp 营地，露营Canada 加拿大cancer 癌症cap 帽子capital 首都，省会car 小车card 卡片candy 糖果captain 队长，船长cat 小猫cause 原因CD 光盘ceiling 天花板center 中心cent 一分钱century 世纪，百年chair 椅子chairman 主席chairwomen 女主席chalk 粉笔chance机会change 变化cheese 奶酪chemistry 化学chess 棋chicken 小鸡，鸡肉cinema 电影院chopsticks 筷子Christmas 圣诞church 教堂child(children) 小孩China 中国Chinese 中国人Chocolate 巧克力choice 选择circle 圆圈city 城市class 班college 学院clothes 衣服clone 克隆cloud 云club 俱乐部coach 教练coal 煤炭coast 海岸coat 外套coffee 咖啡coin 硬币Coke 可乐classmate 同学classroom 教室communication 交流competition 比赛company 公司composition 作文concert 音乐会condition 条件，状况conversation 对话conference 会议cooker 炊具copy 复制品cotton 棉花courage 勇气cough 咳嗽country 国家countryside 乡村couple 夫妇，一对course 课程cover 封面cousin 表、堂兄妹cow 奶牛culture 文化dance 舞蹈danger 危险death 死亡date 约会、日期daughter 女儿decision 决定December 十二月degree 度数，程度dentist 牙医desk 书桌development 发展dialogue 对话diary 日记dictionary 字典discussion 讨论difficulty 困难dinner 正餐、晚餐director 导演，董事discovery 发现difference 不同disease 疾病dish 盘子，菜doctor 医生dog 狗doll 公仔downstairs 楼下dozen 十二doubt 疑虑door 门dress 长裙driver 司机drop 一滴drug 药品drum 鼓duck 鸭子dumpling 饺子duty 责任，之日ear 耳朵earth 泥土，土地，地球easteducation 教育effort 努力egg 鸡蛋engineer 工程师enemy 敌人E-mail/ 电子end 结束energy 能源elephant 大象England 英国English 英语environment 环境eraser 橡皮擦Europe 欧洲evening 傍晚exam 考试example 例子，例excuse 借口exercise 练习experiment 实验express 快车eye 眼睛face 脸面fact 事实family 家庭fan 歌迷等farm 农场farmer 农民father 父亲fear 恐惧February 二月feeling 感觉festival 节日fever 发烧field 田野fight 打架finger 手指fire 火fish 鱼fisherman 渔夫flag 旗帜floor 地板，层楼flower 花flu 流感fly 苍蝇fork 叉子form 表格foreigner 外国人forest 森林food 食物football 足球fox 狐狸Friday 周五friend 朋友friendship 友谊frog 青蛙fruit 水果fun 乐趣gift 礼物giraffe 长颈鹿girl 女孩glass 玻璃杯glasses 眼镜glove 手套god 上帝gold 金子goose 鹅government政府grade 年级，等级grape 葡萄grammar 语法grandchild 子女grandma 奶奶grandpa 爷爷grandson 子granddaughter 女grandparent 祖父母granny 奶奶grass 草green 绿色greeting 打招呼group 小组guard 卫兵，门卫guest 宾客guitar 吉他gym 体育馆，健身房habit 习惯hair 头发half 一半hall 大堂ham 火腿hamburger 汉堡hand 手handbag 手袋handwriting 书法hat 帽子head 头部headache 头痛health 健康heart 心脏heat 热量heaven 天堂height 高度help 帮助hero 英语hen 母鸡hill 小山history 历史hobby 习惯hole 坑，洞holiday 假日home 家hometown 家乡homework 作业honor 荣幸hospital 医院hotel 酒店hour 小时house 房子horse 马hope 希望human 人类husband 丈夫hurry 匆忙ice 冰idea 主意illness 病India 印度Industry 工业influence 影响information 信息ink 墨水instruction 说明，指引interest 兴趣Internet 网络interview 采访introduction 介绍iron 铁invention 发明jacket 夹克January 一月Japan 日本Japanese 日本人jeans 牛仔裤job 工作，职业joke 玩笑joy 欢乐，开心juice 果汁July 七月June 六月key 答案，钥匙，键keyboard 键盘kid 小孩kilometer 公里kilo 公斤king国王kitchen 厨房kite风筝kiss 吻kg 公斤light 光level 水平library 图书馆license 执照knee 膝部knife 小刀knock 敲门声lab 实验室lady 女士lake 湖land 陆地lamb 羊羔laugh 大笑law 法律leader 领导leaf 树叶leg 腿lemonade 柠檬水lesson 课程letter 信件，字母lion 狮子line 行、线litter 垃圾London 伦敦luck 运气lunch 午餐man 人、男人madam 夫人magazine 杂志mailmachine 机器manager 经理map 地图March 三月mark 记号，分数market 市场marriage 婚姻master 主人meaning 意思math(s) 数学May 五月meal 一餐饭match 比赛，火柴medicine 药meeting 会议member 成员memory 记忆mistake 错误model 模，模型minute 分钟mirror 镜子miss 小姐menu 菜单message 短信metre 米method 方式middle 中间milk 牛奶mind 思想moment 时刻mom 妈妈Monday 周一monitor 班长，显示屏money 钱monkey 猴子month 月份moon 月亮morning 早上mother 母亲motorcycle 摩托mountain(s) 山mouse 老鼠，鼠标mouth 嘴巴movie 电影mum 妈妈museum 博物馆music音乐murder 谋杀name 名字nature 自然night 夜晚news 新闻newspaper 报纸neck 脖子need 需要neighbour 邻居nod 点头noise 噪音north 北方nose 鼻子note 笔记notebook 笔记本notice 注意November 十一月number 数字nurse 护士object 物体ocean 海洋October 十月offer 给予office 办公室oil 油operation 手术orange 橙子order 订单overcoat 大衣owner 物主paint 油漆package 包裹pair 一双，一对palace 宫殿pancake 薄饼panda 熊猫paper 纸parent 父母park 公园part 部分party 政党，晚会passage 段落passenger 乘客passport 通行证，护照past 过去patient 病人PE 体育PC 私人电脑peace 和平，安宁pear 梨子pen 钢笔pencil 铅笔penny 便士people 人们，民族percent 百分之person 人pet 宠物phone=telephone physics 物理piano 钢琴picnic 野餐piece 一，一片，一块pie 馅饼ping-pong 乒乓球pilot 飞行员pink 粉红色pioneer 先锋pity 可惜，可怜plain 平原plan 计划plane 飞机planet 星球plastic 塑料plate 碟子play 戏剧playground 操场pleasure 高兴，喜悦poem 诗歌pocket 口袋point 点police 警察policy 政策policeman 警察（个人）policewoman 女警pond 池塘pool 游泳池population 人口pork 猪肉position 地位，位置post 柱子，邮政postman 邮递员postcard 明信片potato 土豆pound 磅，英镑practice 练习present 现在president 总统price 价格pride 骄傲prison 监狱print 印刷prize 奖品problem 问题program 项目，节目promise 承诺public 公众pupil 小学生purse 钱包purple 紫色purpose 目的rabbit 兔子race 赛跑radio 收音机railway 铁路rain 雨raincoat 大衣quarter 一刻钟，1/4 queen 皇后question 疑问reason 理由record 记录，录音recorder 录音机red 红色refrigerator=fridge 冰箱regard 尊重regret 后悔relation 关系report 报告research 调查rest 休息restaurant 餐馆result 结果rice 米，饭right 右边risk 冒险river 河流road 路robot 机器人rock 岩石，摇滚role 角色room 房间，地方rope 绳子rose 玫瑰rubbish 垃圾rubber 橡皮rule 规定ruler 尺子Russian 俄国人safety 安全salad 沙拉sale 打折出售salt 盐sand 沙子sandwich 三文治sail 航行Saturday 周六scarf 围巾screen 屏幕school 学校science 科学schoolbag 书包scientist 科学家score 得分sea 大海season 季节search 搜索seat 座位secret 秘密secretary 秘书sense 理智servant 仆人service 服务September 九月sentence 句子shame 羞耻shape 形状sheep 绵羊shelf 架子ship 轮船shirt 衬衫shoe 鞋子shop 商店shorts 短袖Shower 淋浴sight 风景，视力silence 沉默silk 丝绸silver 银sir 先生sister 姐妹smile 微笑size 尺寸skill 技能sky 天空skirt 裙子situation 形式，情况smoke 烟雾snake 蛇snow 雪soap 肥皂society 社会sock 短袜soft 柔软sofa 沙发soldier 士兵son 儿子song 歌曲sorry 抱歉sort 种类sound 声音soup 汤south 南方southeast 东南southwest 西南space 空间speech 演讲speed 速度spirit 精神spoon 汤匙sport 运动spring 春天square 四方形，广场stamp 邮票standard 标准star 明星，星星，恒星station 车站stairs 楼梯steel 钢铁step 步子steam 蒸汽stomach 胃部，肚子stone 石头stop 停止story 故事stranger 陌生人street 街道strawberry 草莓student 学生study 学习subject 科目，主题success 成功test 测验text 课文supermarket 超市supper 晚餐supply 供给surface 表面surprise 惊讶sweater 毛衣symbol 象征table 桌子tail 尾巴talk 谈话tale 传说taxi 计程车tea 茶，茶叶teacher 老师team 队伍technology 科技telephonetelevision (TV) 电视temperature 温度tennis 网球tent 帐篷term 学期suggestion 提议summer 夏天sun 太阳，Sunday 周日tape 胶带，录音带thanktheatre 戏院Thursday 周四ticket 票tie 领带tiger 老虎time 时间，次数，倍数today 浸提那toilet 洗手间total 全部tongue 舌头，母语tomato 西红柿tomorrow 明天ton 吨tonight 今晚tool 工具toothbrush 牙刷toothpaste 牙膏toothache 牙疼top 顶部touch 触摸tour 旅行tourist 旅客tower 塔towel 毛巾town 小镇toy 玩具traffic 交通train 火车trouble 麻烦treasure 财富treatment 款待tree 树trip 短途旅行training 训练truth 真相，实话try 尝试T-shirt 短袖衬衫Tuesday 周二twice 两次umbrella 雨伞uncle 叔叔，伯伯upstairs 楼上vacation 假期value 价值vegetable 蔬菜vehicle 汽车victory 胜利video 录影village 村庄villager 村民violin 小提琴visit 访问visitor 来访者，游客voice 声音volleyball 排球waiter 侍者walk 散步，步行wall 墙壁war 战争waste 浪费watch 手表water 水watermelon 西瓜way 方式，道路weather 天气wealth 财富Wednesday 周三Week 星期weekday 工作日weekend 周末weight 重量west 西方whale 鲸鱼wheat 小麦. .wheel 方向盘white 白色whole 整个wife 妻子will 愿望wind 风window 窗户wine 酒winner 胜利者winter 冬天wolf 狼wound 伤口woman 妇女wonder 奇迹wood 木头，树林word 话语，单词work 工作worker 工人zoo 动物园X-ray X光yard 院子year 年yellow 黄色yesterday 昨天zero 零world 世界名词补充单词future 将来furniture 家具game 游戏，比赛gate 大门garden 花园gentleman 绅士geography 地理gesture 手势building 建筑物business 生意butter 黄油European 欧洲人truck 卡车动词accept 接受achieve 取得，达成act 表演，行动add 加advise 建议agree 同意allow 允许answer 回答appear 出现arrive 到达ask 问avoid 避免awake 醒来become(became,became) 成为bear 承受beat(beat, beaten) 打败be(am/is/are) 是begin(began, begun)开始believe 相信blow(blew, blown) 吹风book 预定borrow 向。
药品生产常用词汇中英文对照表
药品生产常用词汇中英文对照表环境，健康，安全environment，health, safety，E H S质量风险管理quality risk management, Q R M风险评估risk assessment风险控制risk control事先危害分析preliminary hazard analysis, P H A失败模式效果分析failure mode effects analysis，F M E A危害分析与主要控制点hazard analysis and critical control points, H A C C P 过失树分析fault tree analysis, FTA两次失败之间的平均时间mean time between failure, M T B F主题事务专家subject matter expert, S M E缎带式混合机ribbon blender在线清洗clean in place，CIP锥型混合机conical screw blender辊压制粒roller compaction压片能力compressibility导流管wurster column中间过程控制in process control, IPC物料桶intermediary bulk containers, IBCs关键工艺参数critical process parameters, CPP工艺验证process validation前验证/前瞻性验证prospective validation同步验证concurrent validation回顾性验证retrospective validation个人防护设备personal protective equipment, PPE职业暴露限值occupational exposure limit, O E L职业暴露等级occupational exposure bands, O E B口服固体制剂oral solid dosage, OSD人流/物流person flow / material flow药物活性成分active pharmaceutical ingredients，API中间体intermediate products需氧细菌aerobic bacteria安瓿瓶ampoule厌氧细菌anaerobic bacteria空态洁净区as - bulit clean room无菌生产aseptic processing静态at - rest灭菌釜‘ autoclave微生物污染水平bioburden生物指示剂biological indicators吹灌封blow/fill/seal玻璃瓶bottle轧盖capping洁净区clean area洁净级别cleanliness level在线清洗clean in place, CIP洁净室clean room菌落数colony forming unit, C F U组分component压缩气体compressed gas污染contaminant关键区域critical areas关键外表critical surfaces菌种保藏culture preservation脱水培养基dehydrated media隧道烘箱depyrogenating tunnel消毒disinfection直接接种法direct inoculation method干热灭菌法dry heat sterilization染色浴dye bath混悬剂emulsion毒素endotoxin环氧乙烷ethylene oxide面罩face mask灌装filling硫乙醇酸盐流体培养基fluid thioglycollate medium词汇表脆碎性friability真菌fungi着装gowning热分布heat distribution热穿透heat penetration供热通风与空气调节heating, ventilation and air conditioning, H V A C 高效空气过滤器high efficiency particulate air filter, H E P A高压电检漏high frequency crack test高风险操作high risk operations疏水性hydrophobic behaviour卫生hygiene完整性integrity干预intervention辐射irradiation隔离器isolator层流laminar flow缓冲容器level vessel培养基灌装media filling微生物学microbiology微生物microorganism含多种溶剂的混合溶剂mixtures of various solvents改良马丁培养基modified Martin medium监测计划monitoring program阴性对照negative control软膏剂ointments眼用制剂ophthalmic preparation参数放行parametric release未完全密封状态partially closed state微粒particulate悬浮粒子particle增塑剂plasticizer日允许接触剂量permitted daily exposure, PDE极化过滤器polarisation filter阳性对照positive control包装材料primary package materials非无菌单元的概率probability of non - sterile unit, PNSU 无菌工艺模拟试验process stimulation test保护性眼罩protective goggle热原pyrogen无菌药品Aseptic drug快速传递口rapid transfer ports, RTPs即灭菌胶塞ready for sterilization stoppers，RFS即用胶塞ready for use stoppers, R F U回收测试recovery test冗余过滤redundant filtration储料罐reservoir限制进出隔离系统restricted access barrier system, R A RS 清洁sanitization沉降碟法settle plates区域隔离sit - over大豆胰蛋白胨培养基soybean - casein digest medium质量标准specifications孢子spore杀孢子剂sporicidal标准操作规程standard operation procedure, SOP无菌保证水平sterility assurance level, SAL无菌检査sterility test无菌药品sterile pharmaceutical products灭菌sterilization在线灭菌sterilization in place, SIP储液罐storage vessel外表取样法surface sampling最终灭菌terminal sterilization总有机碳total organic carbon, T O C透明度transparency紊流turbulence单向流unidirectional airflow用户需求标准user requirement specifications，URS西林瓶vial目检visual inspection定量空气法volumetric air称量箱weighing boxes最差条件worst case根本设计basic design按批次生产batch - based production混合blending混批blending batches阶段性生产campaign - based production清场cleanance or site cleaning在线清洗clean in place, CIP概念设计concept design连续生产continuous production委托生产contract manufacture委托检验contract analysis关键偏差critical deviation关键工艺参数critical process parameter, CPP关键操作步骤critical processing step交叉污染cross contamination设计确认design qualification，DQ详细设计detailed design设备使用日志equipment logbook预期收率expected yield有效期expiry date良好工程实践good engineering practice, GEPC 存期holding time杂质档案impurity profile过程控制in _ process control过程取样in _ process sampling安装确认installation qualification, IQ中间体intermediate维护根本实践maintenance basic practice维护最正确实践maintenance best practice,维护良好实践maintenance good practice维护计划maintenance plan维护管理程序maintenance program主细胞库master cell b a n k ，MCB主生产和控制记录master production and control record, MP&CR 不合格non - conformance运行确认operation qualification, OQ原料药续表超标out of specification , OOS性能确认performance qualification, PQ原始细胞库preliminary cell b a n k ，PCB质量协.quality agreement质量审核quality review快速传递接口rapid transfer port，RTP物料平衡reconciliation拒收reject复验期retest date环境、健康与安全safety, environment, health, EHS 半连续生产semi - continuous production质量标准。
(完整版)会计常用词汇中英文对照表
会计常用词汇中英文对照表一、资产类Assets流动资产Current assets货币资金Cash and cash equivalents现金Cash银行存款Cash in bank其他货币资金Other cash and cash equivalents外埠存款Other city Cash in bank银行本票Cashier''s cheque银行汇票Bank draft信用卡Credit card信用证保证金L/C Guarantee deposits存出投资款Refundable deposits短期投资Short-term investments股票Short-term investments - stock债券Short-term investments - corporate bonds基金Short-term investments - corporate funds其他Short-term investments - other短期投资跌价准备Short-term investments falling price reserves 应收款Account receivable应收票据Note receivable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance应收股利Dividend receivable应收利息Interest receivable应收账款Account receivable其他应收款Other notes receivable坏账准备Bad debt reserves预付账款Advance money应收补贴款Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable库存资产Inventories物资采购Supplies purchasing原材料Raw materials包装物Wrappage低值易耗品Low-value consumption goods材料成本差异Materials cost variance自制半成品Semi-Finished goods库存商品Finished goods商品进销差价Differences between purchasing and selling price委托加工物资Work in process - outsourced委托代销商品Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis受托代销商品Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis 存货跌价准备Inventory falling price reserves分期收款发出商品Collect money and send out the goods by stages待摊费用Deferred and prepaid expenses长期投资Long-term investment长期股权投资Long-term investment on stocks股票投资Investment on stocks其他股权投资Other investment on stocks长期债权投资Long-term investment on bonds债券投资Investment on bonds其他债权投资Other investment on bonds长期投资减值准备Long-term investments depreciation reserves股权投资减值准备Stock rights investment depreciation reserves债权投资减值准备Bcreditor''s rights investment depreciation reserves 委托贷款Entrust loans本金Principal利息Interest减值准备Depreciation reserves固定资产Fixed assets房屋Building建筑物Structure机器设备Machinery equipment运输设备Transportation facilities工具器具Instruments and implement累计折旧Accumulated depreciation固定资产减值准备Fixed assets depreciation reserves房屋、建筑物减值准备Building/structure depreciation reserves机器设备减值准备Machinery equipment depreciation reserves工程物资Project goods and material专用材料Special-purpose material专用设备Special-purpose equipment预付大型设备款Prepayments for equipment为生产准备的工具及器具Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate在建工程Construction-in-process安装工程Erection works在安装设备Erecting equipment-in-process技术改造工程Technical innovation project大修理工程General overhaul project在建工程减值准备Construction-in-process depreciation reserves固定资产清理Liquidation of fixed assets无形资产Intangible assets专利权Patents非专利技术Non-Patents商标权Trademarks, Trade names著作权Copyrights土地使用权Tenure商誉Goodwill无形资产减值准备Intangible Assets depreciation reserves 专利权减值准备Patent rights depreciation reserves商标权减值准备trademark rights depreciation reserves未确认融资费用Unacknowledged financial charges待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income待处理流动资产损溢Wait deal intangible assets loss or income待处理固定资产损溢Wait deal fixed assets loss or incomeaccountant genaral 会计主任account balancde 结平的帐户account bill 帐单account books 帐account classification 帐户分类account current 往来帐account form of balance sheet 帐户式资产负债表account form of profit and loss statement 帐户式损益表account payable 应付帐款account receivable 应收帐款account of payments 支出表account of receipts 收入表account title 帐户名称，会计科目accounting year 或financial year 会计年度accounts payable ledger 应付款分类帐Accounting period（会计期间）are related to specifictime periods ,typically one year（通常是一年)资产负债表：balance sheet 可以不大写b利润表：income statements (or statements of income)利润分配表：retained earnings现金流量表：cash flows二、负债类Liability短期负债Current liability短期借款Short-term borrowing应付票据Notes payable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance应付账款Account payable预收账款Deposit received代销商品款Proxy sale goods revenue应付工资Accrued wages应付福利费Accrued welfarism应付股利Dividends payable应交税金Tax payable应交增值税value added tax payable进项税额Withholdings on VAT已交税金Paying tax转出未交增值税Unpaid VAT changeover减免税款Tax deduction销项税额Substituted money on VAT出口退税Tax reimbursement for export进项税额转出Changeover withnoldings on VAT出口抵减内销产品应纳税额Export deduct domestic sales goods tax 转出多交增值税Overpaid VAT changeover未交增值税Unpaid VAT应交营业税Business tax payable应交消费税Consumption tax payable应交资源税Resources tax payable应交所得税Income tax payable应交土地增值税Increment tax on land value payable应交城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities payable应交房产税Housing property tax payable应交土地使用税Tenure tax payable应交车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license platetax(VVULPT) payable应交个人所得税Personal income tax payable其他应交款Other fund in conformity with paying其他应付款Other payables预提费用Drawing expense in advance其他负债Other liabilities待转资产价值Pending changerover assets value预计负债Anticipation liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities长期借款Long-term loans一年内到期的长期借款Long-term loans due within one year 一年后到期的长期借款Long-term loans due over one year应付债券Bonds payable债券面值Face value, Par value债券溢价Premium on bonds债券折价Discount on bonds应计利息Accrued interest长期应付款Long-term account payable应付融资租赁款Accrued financial lease outlay一年内到期的长期应付Long-term account payable due within one year 一年后到期的长期应付Long-term account payable over one year专项应付款Special payable一年内到期的专项应付Long-term special payable due within one year 一年后到期的专项应付Long-term special payable over one year递延税款Deferral taxes所有者权益类OWNERS'' EQUITY资本Capita实收资本(或股本) Paid-up capital(or stock)实收资本Paicl-up capital实收股本Paid-up stock已归还投资Investment Returned公积资本公积Capital reserve资本(或股本)溢价Cpital(or Stock) premium接受捐赠非现金资产准备Receive non-cash donate reserve股权投资准备Stock right investment reserves拨款转入Allocate sums changeover in外币资本折算差额Foreign currency capital其他资本公积Other capital reserve盈余公积Surplus reserves法定盈余公积Legal surplus任意盈余公积Free surplus reserves法定公益金Legal public welfare fund储备基金Reserve fund企业发展基金Enterprise expension fund利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment利润Profits本年利润Current year profits利润分配Profit distribution其他转入Other chengeover in提取法定盈余公积Withdrawal legal surplus提取法定公益金Withdrawal legal public welfare funds提取储备基金Withdrawal reserve fund提取企业发展基金Withdrawal reserve for business expansion提取职工奖励及福利基金Withdrawal staff and workers'' bonus and welfare fund利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment应付优先股股利Preferred Stock dividends payable提取任意盈余公积Withdrawal other common accumulation fund应付普通股股利Common Stock dividends payable转作资本(或股本)的普通股股利Common Stock dividends change toassets(or stock)未分配利润Undistributed profit三、成本类Cost生产成本Cost of manufacture基本生产成本Base cost of manufacture辅助生产成本Auxiliary cost of manufacture 制造费用Manufacturing overhead材料费Materials管理人员工资Executive Salaries奖金Wages退职金Retirement allowance补贴Bonus外保劳务费Outsourcing fee福利费Employee benefits/welfare会议费Coferemce加班餐费Special duties市内交通费Business traveling通讯费Correspondence电话费Correspondence水电取暖费Water and Steam税费Taxes and dues租赁费Rent管理费Maintenance车辆维护费Vehicles maintenance油料费Vehicles maintenance培训费Education and training接待费Entertainment图书、印刷费Books and printing运费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium支付手续费Commission杂费Sundry charges折旧费Depreciation expense机物料消耗Article of consumption劳动保护费Labor protection fees季节性停工损失Loss on seasonality cessation劳务成本Service costs四、损益类Profit and loss收入Income业务收入OPERATING INCOME主营业务收入Prime operating revenue产品销售收入Sales revenue服务收入Service revenue其他业务收入Other operating revenu材料销售Sales materials 代购代售包装物出租Wrappage lease出让资产使用权收入Remise right of assets revenue返还所得税Reimbursement of income tax其他收入Other revenue投资收益Investment income短期投资收益Current investment income长期投资收益Long-term investment income计提的委托贷款减值准备Withdrawal of entrust loans reserves 补贴收入Subsidize revenue国家扶持补贴收入Subsidize revenue from country其他补贴收入Other subsidize revenue营业外收入NON-OPERATING INCOME非货币性交易收益Non-cash deal income现金溢余Cash overage处置固定资产净收益Net income on disposal of fixed assets 出售无形资产收益Income on sales of intangible assets固定资产盘盈Fixed assets inventory profit罚款净收入Net amercement income支出Outlay业务支出Revenue charges主营业务成本Operating costs产品销售成本Cost of goods sold服务成本Cost of service主营业务税金及附加Tax and associate charge营业税Sales tax消费税Consumption tax城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities资源税Resources tax土地增值税Increment tax on land value5405 其他业务支出Other business expense销售其他材料成本Other cost of material sale其他劳务成本Other cost of service其他业务税金及附加费Other tax and associate charge费用Expenses营业费用Operating expenses代销手续费Consignment commission charge运杂费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium展览费Exhibition fees广告费Advertising fees管理费用Adminisstrative expenses职工工资Staff Salaries修理费Repair charge低值易耗摊销Article of consumption办公费Office allowance差旅费Travelling expense工会经费Labour union expenditure研究与开发费Research and development expense福利费Employee benefits/welfare职工教育经费Personnel education待业保险费Unemployment insurance劳动保险费Labour insurance医疗保险费Medical insurance会议费Coferemce聘请中介机构费Intermediary organs咨询费Consult fees诉讼费Legal cost业务招待费Business entertainment技术转让费Technology transfer fees矿产资源补偿费Mineral resources compensation fees排污费Pollution discharge fees房产税Housing property tax车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) 土地使用税Tenure tax印花税Stamp tax财务费用Finance charge利息支出Interest exchange汇兑损失Foreign exchange loss各项手续费Charge for trouble各项专门借款费用Special-borrowing cost营业外支出Nonbusiness expenditure捐赠支出Donation outlay减值准备金Depreciation reserves非常损失Extraordinary loss处理固定资产净损失Net loss on disposal of fixed assets出售无形资产损失Loss on sales of intangible assets 固定资产盘亏Fixed assets inventory loss债务重组损失Loss on arrangement罚款支出Amercement outlay所得税Income tax以前年度损益调整Prior year income adjustment会计账目用语对账单，结单statement of account往来账户，活期存款账户，流通账account current经常账户current account销货账account sales两人共有之银行账户joint account应收[未清]账款；未付账单，未结算账目outstanding account贷方账项credit account借方账项debtor accountaccount payable应收账account receivable新交易||新账new account未决账||老账old account现金账cash account流水账running account暂记账||未定账suspense account逾期账款，过期未付账款||延滞账overdue account||pastdue account 杂项账户sundry account详细账单||明细表detail account坏账bad account会计项目title of account会计薄||账薄account-book营业报告书||损益计算表account of business||business report 借贷细账||交验账account renderedaccount stated与... 银行开立一户头to open an account with与……继续交易，与……有账务往来to keep account with继续记账to keep account与……有交易to have an account with作成会计账||有往来账项to make out an account with清算||清理债务to make up an account与……停止交易to close one's account with结账to close an account请求付账to ask an account||to demand an account结清差额to balance the account with清算to settle an account||to liquidate an account||to square an account 审查账目||监查账目to audit an account检查账目to examine an account转入A的账户to charge the amount to A's accountto pay on account代理某人||为某人on one's account||on account of one为自己计算||独立账目on one's own account由某人收益并负风险on one's account and risk||for one's account and risk 由某人负担for one's account||for account of one按某人指示||列入某人账户by order and for account of one列入5月份账目for May account报账render an account会计: 支票用语支票薄cheque book支票陈票人cheque drawer持票人cheque holder不记名支票cheque to bearer/bearer cheque记名支票/认人支票cheque to order到期支票antedated cheque未到期支票postdated cheque保付支票certified cheque未获兑现支票，退票returned cheque横线支票crossed cheque普通横线general crossing特别横线special crossing空白支票blank cheque失效支票，过期支票stale cheque普通支票open cheque打10%折扣的10000元支票，（即9000元） a cheque for $10，000，less 10% discount加10%费用的10000元支票，（即11000元） a cheque for $10，000，plus 10% charges支票换现金/兑现to cash a cheque清理票款to clear a cheque保证兑现to certify a cheque填写支票数额to fill up a cheque支票上划线to cross a cheque开发支票to make out a cheque签发支票，开立支票to draw a cheque/to issue a cheque透支支票to overdraw a cheque背书支票to endorse a cheque请付票款/清付票款to pay a cheque/to honour a cheque支票退票to dishonour a cheque拒付支票to refuse a cheque拒付支票to stop payment of a cheque提示要求付款to present for payment见票即付持票人payable to bearer支付指定人payable to order已过期/无效out of date/stale请给出票人R/D/refer to drawer存款不足N/S/N.S.F./not sufficient funds/I/F/insufficient funds文字与数字不一致words and figures differ支票交换时间已过account closed更改处应加盖印章alterations require initials交换时间已过effects not cleared停止付款payment stopped支票毁损cheque mutilated国际会计术语英汉对照Account 帐户Accounting system 会计系统American Accounting Association 美国会计协会American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会Audit 审计Balance sheet 资产负债表Bookkeepking 簿记Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测Certificate in Internal Auditing 内部审计证书Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师Cost accounting 成本会计External users 外部使用者Financial accounting 财务会计Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会Financial forecast 财务预测Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则General-purpose information 通用目的信息Government Accounting Office 政府会计办公室Income statement 损益表Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会Integrity 整合性Internal auditing 内部审计Internal control structure 内部控制结构Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署Internal users 内部使用者Management accounting 管理会计Return of investment 投资回报Return on investment 投资报酬Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会Statement of cash flow 现金流量表Statement of financial position 财务状况表Tax accounting 税务会计Accounting equation 会计等式Articulation 勾稽关系Assets 资产Business entity 企业个体Capital stock 股本Corporation 公司Cost principle 成本原则Creditor 债权人Deflation 通货紧缩Disclosure 批露Expenses 费用Financial statement 财务报表Financial activities 筹资活动Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设Inflation 通货膨涨Investing activities 投资活动Liabilities 负债Negative cash flow 负现金流量Operating activities 经营活动Owner's equity 所有者权益Partnership 合伙企业Positive cash flow 正现金流量Retained earning 留存利润Revenue 收入Sole proprietorship 独资企业Solvency 清偿能力Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设Stockholders 股东Stockholders' equity 股东权益Window dressing 门面粉饰部门和人员的称谓1，部门的称谓市场部Marketing销售部Sales Department （也有其它讲法，如宝洁公司销售部叫客户生意发展部CBD）客户服务Customer Service ，例如客服员叫CSR，R for representative 人事部Human Resource行政部Admin.财务部Finance & Accounting产品供应Product Supply，例如产品调度员叫P S Planner2，人员的称谓助理Assistant秘书secretary前台接待小姐Receptionist文员clerk ，如会计文员为Accounting Clerk 主任supervisor经理Manager总经理GM，General Manager入场费admission运费freight小费tip学费tuition价格，代价charge制造费用Manufacturing overhead材料费Materials管理人员工资Executive Salaries奖金Wages退职金Retirement allowance补贴Bonus外保劳务费Outsourcing fee福利费Employee benefits/welfare会议费Coferemce加班餐费Special duties市内交通费Business traveling通讯费Correspondence电话费Correspondence水电取暖费Water and Steam税费Taxes and dues租赁费Rent管理费Maintenance车辆维护费Vehicles maintenance油料费Vehicles maintenance培训费Education and training接待费Entertainment图书、印刷费Books and printing运费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium支付手续费Commission杂费Sundry charges折旧费Depreciation expense机物料消耗Article of consumption劳动保护费Labor protection fees总监Director总会计师Finance Controller高级Senior 如高级经理为Senior Manager营业费用Operating expenses代销手续费Consignment commission charge 运杂费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium展览费Exhibition fees广告费Advertising fees管理费用Adminisstrative expenses职工工资Staff Salaries修理费Repair charge低值易耗摊销Article of consumption办公费Office allowance差旅费Travelling expense工会经费Labour union expenditure研究与开发费Research and development expense福利费Employee benefits/welfare职工教育经费Personnel education待业保险费Unemployment insurance劳动保险费Labour insurance医疗保险费Medical insurance会议费Coferemce聘请中介机构费Intermediary organs咨询费Consult fees诉讼费Legal cost业务招待费Business entertainment技术转让费Technology transfer fees矿产资源补偿费Mineral resources compensation fees 排污费Pollution discharge fees房产税Housing property tax车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) 土地使用税Tenure tax印花税Stamp tax财务费用Finance charge利息支出Interest exchange汇兑损失Foreign exchange loss各项手续费Charge for trouble各项专门借款费用Special-borrowing cost。
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版
语言学术语（英-汉对照）表appropriateness适宜性得体性broadening词义扩大Aapproximant无摩擦延续音Browncorpus布朗语料库abbreviation缩写词，略语aptitudetest素质测试Cablative夺格，离格Arabic阿拉伯语calculability可计算性accent重音（符）arbitrariness任意性calque仿造仿造词语accusative宾格argument中项中词主目cancellability可删除achievementtest成绩测试article冠词cardinalnumeral基数acousticphonetics声学语音学articulation发音cardinalvowel基本元音acquisition习得articulator发音器官case格acronym缩略语articulatoryphonetics发音语音学casegrammar格语法actionprocess动作过程artificialspeech人工言语casetheory格理论actor动作者aspect体category范畴addressform称呼形式aspirated吐气送气categoricalcomponent范畴成分addressee受话人assimilation同化causative使役的使投动词addresser发话人associative联想center中心词adjective形容词associativemeaning联想意义centraldeterminer中心限定词adjunct修饰成分附加语assonance准压韵半谐音chainrelation链状关系adverb副词attributive属性修饰语定语chainsystem链状系统affix词缀auditoryphonetics听觉语音学choice选择affixation词缀附加法authenticinput真实投入choicesystem选择系统affricate塞擦音authorialstyle权威风格circumstance环境因子agreement一致关系authoringprogram编程class词类airstream气流autonomy自主性classshift词性变换alliteration头韵auxiliary助词clause小句从句allomorph词/语素变体auxiliaryverb助动词click吸气音咂音allophone音位变体Bclipping截断法allophonicvariation音位变体babblingstage婴儿语阶段closedclass封闭类allophony音位变体现象back-formation逆构词法closedsyllable闭音节alveolarridge齿龈basecomponent基础部分cluster音丛alveolar齿龈音behaviouralprocess行为过程coarticulation协同发音ambiguity歧义behaviourism行为主义coda结尾音节符尾analogicalcreation类推造字bilabial双唇音code语码信码anapest抑抑扬格bilabialnasal双唇鼻音cognitivepsychology认知心理学anaphor前指替代bilateralopposition双边对立cognitivesystem认知系统anaphoricreference前指照应bilingualism双语现象coherence相关关联animate有生命的binarydivision二分法cohension衔接annotation注解binaryfeature二分特征co-hyponym同下义词antecedent先行词前在词binarytaxonomy二分分类学colligation类连结anthropologicallinguistics人类语言binding制约collocativemeaning搭配意义学bindingtheory制约论colorword色彩词anticipatorycoarticulation逆化协同blade舌叶舌面前部colorwordsystem色彩词系统发音blankverse无韵诗command指令antonomasia换称代类名blending混成法commoncore共核antonym反义词borrowing借用借词commonnoun普通名词antonymy反义(关系)boundmorpheme粘着语素communication交际appellative称谓性boundingtheory管辖论communicativecompetence交际能appliedlinguistics应用语言学bracketing括号法力appliedsociolinguistics应用社会语brevitymaxim简洁准则communicativedynamism,CD交际言学bridging架接性动力appropriacy适宜性broadtranscription宽式音标communicativelanguageteaching,CLT交际语言教学法consequent跟随成分cross-linguistic跨语言的communicativeSentencePattern,CSPconsonance辅音韵culturally-specific文化特异的交际性句子模式consonant辅音curriculum教学大纲communicativesyllabus交际教学大constantopposition不变对立customizing定制的纲constative表述的Dcommunicativetest交际性测试constituentcommand成分指令dactyl扬抑抑格communicative-grammaticalapproachconstituentproposition成分命题Danilanguage达尼语交际-语法教学法constituentstructureanalysis成分结dataretrieval,DR资料检索compactdisk激光盘database数据库构分析comparativedegree比较级constituent成分dative(case)与格competence能力construct编制dativemovement与格移动complement补语constructvalidity编制效度declarative陈述句complementaryantonym互补反义词construction构建decoding解码complementaryantonymy互补反义constructivism构建主义deductive演绎的关系contentanalysis内容分析deepstructure深层结构complementarydistribution互补分contentvalidity内容效度defeasibility消除可行性布contentword实义词definite有定的complexpredicate复合谓语contextdependent语境依赖的degeneratedata无用的语料component成分contextofsituation情景语境deixis指称componentialanalysis成分分析context语境delicacy精密阶compositeproposition复合命题contextualanalyses语境分析denotation外延指称compositionality复合性contextualmeaning语境意义dental齿音compound复合词复合句contrastiveanalysis对比分析dentalization齿音化comprehension理解controltheory控制理论derivation衍生computation计算controlledlanguage有控制的语言derivationalaffix衍生词汇computationallinguistics计算语言学convention常规规约derivationalmorphology派生形态学computationalsystem计算系统conventionalmeaning常规意义规约descriptiveadequacy描写充分性computer-assistedlearning,CAL计算descriptivelinguistics描写语言学意义机辅助学习conventionality常规性规约性designfeature结构特征computercorpus计算机语料库conversationalimplicature会话含义determiner限定词computerhardware计算机硬件conversationalmaxim会话准则developinggrammar发展语法computerliteracy计算机操作能力converseantonymy相反反义现象deviant变体computernetworks计算机网络conversion变换deviation偏离变异computersystem计算机系统cooperativeprinciple,CP合作原则devoicing清音化computer-assistedinstruction,CAI计coordinateconstruction并列结构diachroniclinguistics历时语言学算机辅助教学coordination并列diachronic历时的computer-assistedlearning,CALL计算coreferential互参的diacritic附加符号变音符机辅助语言学习coronal舌面前音diagnostictest诊断性测试conative意动的corpusdata语料库语料dialect方言concept概念corpus(plcorpora)语料素材dialectology方言学conceptualmeaning概念意义corpuslinguistics语料库语言学digitizedsound数字化语音concord一致（关系）context上下文dimetre二音步诗行concordance共现关系countable可数（名词）diphthong二合元音双元音concretenoun具体名词counterfactualproposition反事实命directobject直接宾语concurrent同时发生的directspeech,DS直接言语题conjugation词形变化couplet对句对联directthought,DT直接思想conjunct连接副词creativity创造性原创性directionality方向性conjunction连接词Creole克里澳尔语混和语discourse语篇话语conjunctionbuttressing连接词支撑cross-culturalcommunication跨文化discourseanalysis语篇分析话语分析connotation内涵discourseinterpretation语篇理解交际discrete分离的离散的finite有定的有限的民族学discrete-pointgrammar离散语法etic非位的素的finitestategrammar有限状态语discretepointtest分立性测试eventprocess事件过程法disjunction分离关系example-basedmachinetranslationfirst-personnarrator第一人称叙述displacement移位基于例句的机器翻译者dissimilation异化（作用）exchangeerror交换错误Firthianphonology弗斯音系学distinctivefeature区别性特征exchangesequence交际序列flap闪音distinguisher辩义成分exchangestructure交际结构flexibility灵活性变通性do-insertionruledo添加规则exhaustive穷尽的彻底的floppydisk软盘domain范围领域existent存在物focus焦点中心dorsal舌背音舌中音existential存在句folketymology俗词源学民间词源dorsum舌背（音）existentialprocess存在过程foregroundedfeatures突出特征doublecomparative双重比较existentialquantifier存在数量词foregrounding突出前景话drill-and-practicesoftware操练软件exocentric外向的foreignlanguageteaching外语教D-structureD结构exocentricconstruction外向结构学dual双数experiential经验的form形式dualisticview二分观点experientialfunction经验功能formaldifference形式差异duality二重性experimentalpsycholinguistics实验formalization形式化Eformation形成心理语言学earlyModernEnglish早期现代英语explanatoryadequacy解释充分性formative构形成分构词成分economy经济性简洁性explicitgrammarinstruction,EGI明freeform自由形式ejective爆发音freeindirectspeech,FIS自由间接言显的语法教学法electronicmail电子邮件expressionminimization表达最底程语ElizabethanEnglish伊利莎白时期英freeindirectthought,FIT自由间接思度语expressive表达的想ellipsis省略（法）extendedstandardtheory,EST扩展freemorpheme自由语素ellipticalsentencestructure省略句子freerootmorpheme自由词根语标准理论结构extensive引申的扩展的素embeddedelement嵌入成分extent-conditionformat程度条件格freevariant自由变体emic位学的freeverse自由韵文式emotive感情的externalevaluation外部评估French法语empirical经验主义的externalqualifier外部修饰语frequencyeffect频率效应empiricaldata经验主义的语料extrinsicsourcesoferror外在的错误fricative（摩）擦音empiricalvalidity经验效度friction摩擦来源empiricism经验主义eyemovement眼部移动front舌面前舌前的emptycategory,EC空范畴Ffullyautomatichighqualitytranslation,enablingskills使成技能化facevalidity卷面效度FAHQT全自动高质量翻译encoding编码facilitation便利促进functionword功能词endrhyme末端韵Fasoldfunction功能endocentricconstruction内向结构feasibility可行性functionalgrammar功能语法entailment蕴涵feature特征functionallinguistics功能语言学entrycondition入列条件feedback反馈functionalsentenceperspective,FSPepenthesis插音增音felicitycondition适宜性条件恰当条功能句子观equipollentopposition均等对立functionsoflanguage语言功能件equivalence相等feminine阴性fusion溶合equivalencereliability相等信度fiction小说fuzzy模糊的erroranalysis错误分析figurativelanguage比喻性语言象征GEST科技英语genderdifference性别差异性语言ethnicityidentity民族认同figuresofspeech修辞手段修辞格generallinguistics普通语言学ethnographyofcommunication交际finiteelement有定成分generalisation概括generativegrammar生成语法historicallinguistics历史语言学indicative陈述式陈述语气generativesemantics生成语言学holophrasticstage单词句阶段indirectobject间接宾语genitive属格所有格homonym同音/形异议词indirctspeech,IS间接言语genre体裁语类HopiHopi语indirectthought,IT间接思想German德语horizontalrelation链状关系Indo-Europeanlanguages印欧语given(information)已给信息Hornscale霍恩阶言globaltask整体任务humancognitivesystem人类认知系inference推论推理glottal喉音inferencedrawing推论统glottalstop喉塞音humanlanguage人类语言inferentialcommunication推论交goal目标humanspeech人类言语际governmenttheory支配理论humantranslation人译infinitive不定式government支配hypercorrection矫枉过正infix中缀grammaticalanalysis语法分析hyponym下义词inflection屈折（变化）grammaticalfunction;;hyponymy下义关系inflectionalaffix屈折词缀grammaticalstructure语法结构hypothesis假设inflectionalmorphology屈折形态gradableantonymy分等级的反义关hypothesis-deduction假设-演绎学系Iinflectiveendings屈折结尾gradualopposition渐次对立iamb抑扬格informationretrieval信息检索grammaticalcategory语法范畴iambicpentameter抑扬格五音步诗informationstructure信息结构grammaticalconcept语法概念informative(function)信息功行grammaticaldescription语法描写ICanalysis直接成分分析法能grammaticalform语法形式ICALL(intelligentCALL)智能计算机innateness先天性grammaticalmarker语法标记innatenesshypothesis（语法）天赋辅助语言学习grammaticalmeaning语法意义ideational(function)概念功假设grammaticalorganization语法组input输入能成identifying认同的inputhypothesis语言输入说grammaticalpattern语法类型idiom成语习语instrumental(function)工具功grammaticalprocess语法过程idiomatically-governed习语支配能grammaticalrule语法规则integrativetest综合性测试的grammaticalsentencepattern,GSPill-formedsentences不合适的句intensifier强调成分语法句形子intensive强调的增强的grammaticalstructure语法结illocutionaryact话中行为施为性行interactional(function)交互功构为能grammaticalsubject语法主语illocutionaryforce言外作用施为作interdental齿间音grammaticalsystem语法系统interface界面用grammaticalword语法词imaginative(function)想象功能interference干扰graphiticform文字形式immediacyassumption即时假定interjection感叹词GriceanmaximGrice准则immediateconstituentanalysis直接interlanguage中介语group词组interlingua国际语成分分析法guttural腭音imperativerule祈使规则interlingualapproach语际法Himperative祈使语气命令的interlocutor会话者half-rhyme半韵implicate意含internalevaluation内部评估hardpalate硬腭implication蕴涵含义internalstructure内部结构head中心词中心成分implicationconnective蕴涵连接internationalphoneticalphabet,IPA headedconstruction中心结构implicature含义言外之意国际音标heptameter七音步诗行impliedmeaning蕴涵意义internet互联网hierarchicalstructure等级结构implosive内破裂音内爆音interpersonal人际的hierarchicalsystem等级系统inanimate无生命的interpersonalfunction人际功hierarchy等级体系inclusivenessrelation内包意义能high高（元音）indefinite不定的，无定的interpretation解释interrogativesentence疑问句langue语言（系统）loantranslation翻译借词intonation语调larynx喉头loanblend混合借词intra-linguisticrelation语言内关系lateral边音旁流音loanshift转移借词intransitive不及物的Latin拉丁语loanword借词intrinsicsourcesoferror错误的内Latingrammar拉丁语法localareanetworks,LAN局域网源laxvowel松元音locutionaryact发话行为，表述性言invariableword不变词length长度音长语行为invention新创词语letter字母logicalcomponent逻辑成分inversion倒置，倒装level层，级，平面logicalconnective逻辑连词IPAchart国际音标图Levinson,Stephenlogicalformcomponent逻辑式成IPSsymbol国际音标符号lexeme词位词素分irony讽刺反话lexicalambiguity词汇歧义logicalformrepresentation逻辑式表isolatedopposition孤立对立lexicalchange词汇变化达Italian意大利语lexicallevel词汇层logicalformula逻辑公式Jlexicalmeaning词汇意义logicalfunction逻辑功能Japanese日语lexicalmorphology词汇形态学logicalsemantics逻辑语义学jargon黑话行语lexicalstudies词汇研究logicalstructure逻辑结构Jesperson,Ottolexicalword词汇词logicalsubject逻辑主语Johnson&Johnsonlexicogrammar词汇语法logophoricity词照应Johnsonlexicon词汇词典LondonSchool伦敦学派Jones,Daniellexis词longvowed长元音Kliaison连音连续lossofsound语音脱落kernelsentence核心句limerick打油诗loudness响度keyword关键词line诗行Mknowledge知识linearphonology线性音系学machinetranslation机器翻knowninformation已知信息linearstructure线形结构译Krashenlinguisticuniversity语言普遍性macrolinguistics宏观语言学Kruszewski,Mikolajlinguisticbehaviour语言行为macroproposition宏观命题Kuno,Susumolinguisticbehaviourpotential语言行macrostructure宏观结构Lmainclause主句为潜势label标示标记linguisticcompetence语言能Malinowski,Bronislawlabial唇音man-machinesymbiosis人机共生力labiodental唇齿音linguisticcontext语言语境上下文mannermaxim方式准则language语言linguisticdata语言素材mannerofarticulation发音方式languageacquisitiondevice,LAD语linguisticdescription语言描写marked标记的言习得机制linguisticdeterminism语言决定masculine阳性languageattitude语言态度matalinguistic元语言学的论languagechoice语言选择linguisticfacts语言事实material(process)物质过程languagecomprehension语言理linguisticrelativity语言相对性mathematicalprinciples数学原解linguisticsexism语言性别歧视理languagedata语言素材linguisticstructure语言结构maxim准则languagelearning语言学习linguistictheory语言理论maximalonsetprinciple最大节首辅languagemaintenance语言维护linguisticunit语言单位音原则languageprocessing语言处理linguisticuniversal语言普遍meaningpotential意义潜languagestructure语言结构性势languagesystem语言系统linguisticvariation语言变异meaningshift转移languageteaching语言教linguistics语言学meaning意学liprounding圆唇化义languageuniversal语言普遍性literallanguage本义语言mental(processs)思维过程心理过languageuse语言使用literarystylistics文学文体学程mentalism心灵主义node节变化message信息mothertongue母语本族nominalgroup名词词组metafunction元功能nominalization名词化语metalinguistic元语言的motivation动因动机nominative主格metaphor隐喻move（移动）non-authenticinput非真实语料的输metathesis换位（作用）MT机器翻译入metonymy换喻转喻MTquality机译质量non-contrastiveanalysis非对比性分metre韵律multilateralopposition多边对立析metricalpatterning韵律格式multi-levelphonology多层次音系non-conventionality非规约性microcomputer微机non-detachability非可分离性学microprocessor微处理器multilingualism多语制多语现象non-linearphonology非线性音系mid中（元音）N学mind思维narratee被叙述者non-linguisticentity非语言实体minimalattachmenttheory最少接触narrator叙述者non-pulmonicsound非肺闭塞音理论narrators’representationofspeechnon-reciprocaldiscourse非交替性语minimalpair最小对立体acts,NRSA言语行为的叙述者表篇minimalistprogramnon-reflexivepronoun非反身代词达minimumfreeform最小自由形narrator’respresentationofspeech,nonsensewordstage无意义词语阶式NRS言语的叙述者表达段mirrormaxim镜像准则narrator’respresentationofthoughtnonverbalcues非言语提示mistake错误acts,NRTA思维行为的叙述者表norm规范modalsubject语气主语notationsystem标写系统达modalverb情态动词narrator’repsresentationofthought,notion意念modality情态NRT思维的叙述者表达notional-functionalsyllabus意念功能modernFrench现代法语narrowtranscription窄式音标教学大纲modification修饰narrowing狭窄化nounphrase名词短语modifier修饰语nasal鼻音noun名词monomorphemic单语素的nasalcavity鼻腔numbersystem数字系统monophonemic单音位的nasalsound鼻音number数字monophthong单元音nasalstop鼻塞音Omonosyllabic单音节的nasaltract鼻道object宾语Motaguegrammar蒙太古语法nasality鼻音性object-deletion宾语省略mood语气nasalization鼻音化objectivecase宾格morph形素词素形式Nash,Walterobjectivity客观性morpheme语素词素形nativespeaker操本族语者obligatory强制性素naturallanguage自然语言observationaladequacy观察充分morpheme-exchangeerror词素交错naturalisticdata自然语料性误near-adultgrammar近成人语法abstruction阻塞morphemicshape词素形状negation否定否定结构OCRscanner光学字符阅读器扫描morphemicstructure词素结构negative否定的仪morphemictranscription词素标negativeinterference负面干扰octametre八音步诗行音negativemarker否定标记OldEnglish古英语morphologicalchange形态变化negativetransfer负转移one-placepredicate一位谓语morphologicalrule形态规则neogrammarian新语法学家on-linetranslation在线翻译morphology形态学network网络onomatopoeia拟声词morpho-phonemiccomponent形态networkcomputer网络计算机onset节首辅音音位成分neutralizableopposition可中立对openclass开放类morphophonemics形态音位学opensyllable开音节立morphophonology形态音系学newinformation新信息operationalsystem操作系统morpho-syntacticalchange形态句法newstylistics新文体学operative可操作性operator操作词person人称polysyllabic多音节（词）oppositenessrelation对立关系personal(function)自指性功能polysystemicanalysis多系统分析opposition对立pharyngeal咽头音喉音Portugese葡萄牙语optimalrelevance最适宜关联pharynx喉头positivetransfer正移转option选择phatic(communion)寒暄交谈交感性possessive所有的属有的optional可选择的possiblegrammar可能语言的语谈话oralcavity口腔phone音素音子法oralstop口阻塞音phonematicunit音声单位postalveolar后齿龈音ordinalnumeral序数词phoneme音位post-Bloomfieldianlinguistics后布龙originoflanguage语言起源phoneticalphabet音标菲尔德语言学orthography正字法phoneticformcomponent语音形式postdeterminer后限定词ostensivecommunication直示交post-structuralistview后结构主义观部分际phoneticsimilarity语音相似性点output产出phoneticsymbol语音符号pragmaticinference语用推论overgeneralization过分法则化phonetictranscription标音pragmaticroles语用角色Ppragmatics语用学（法）palatal腭音舌面中音phonetics语音学PragueSchool布拉格学palatal-alveolar腭齿龈音phonologicalanalysis音位分析派palatalization（硬）腭化phonologicalcomponent音位部predeterminer前限定词paradigm聚合体predicatecalculus谓语演算分paradigmaticrelation聚合关phonologicallevel音系层predicatelogic谓语逻辑系phonologicalprocess音位过程predicate谓语paraphrase释义意译phonologicalrepresentation音位表predicator谓语（动）词parole言语predictivevalidity预测效度达partofspeech词类phonologicalrule音位规则pre-editing预先编辑译前加工participant参与者phonologicalstructure音位结构prefix前缀particle小品词语助词phonologicalsystem音位系统pre-modifiedinput预修正的输particulargrammar特定语的语phonologicalvariant音位变体入法phonology音系学premodifier前修饰语partitive部分的部分格phrasalverb短语动词preposition介词passivetransformation被动转phrase短语prepositionalcalculus介词演算换phrasestructure短语结构prepositionallogic介词逻辑passive(voice)被动语态phrasestructuregrammar短语结构prepositionalopposition介词对patterndrilltechnique句型操练语法立法phrasestructurerule,PSrule短语结prepositionalphrase介词短pattern模式构规则语patterning制定模式pidgin皮软语洋泾滨语不纯正外prescriptive规定式pause停顿presupposition前提预设语peak（节）峰Pitch音高声调高低primarycardinalvowel主要基本元perceptualspan感知时距placeofarticulation发音部位音perfectionism完善主义play剧本primarystress主重音第一重音perfective完成体plosion爆破principleofinformativeness信息性performancetest语言运用测试plosive爆破音爆发音原则performance语言运plural复数principleofleasteffort最省力原用pluralism多元主义则performative(verb)行事性动plurality复数形式principleofquantity数量原则词poetic(function)诗学功能privativeopposition表非对立表缺对perlocutionaryact话后行为poetry诗歌立perseverativecoarticulation重复性polymorphemic(word)多语素process过程协同发音词productionerror产生性错误productivity多产性realisation体现R-principle关联原则proficiencytest水平测试recall回忆rulesystem规则系统pro-form代词形式替代形式receivedpronunciation,RP标准发rule-basedapproaches基于规则的programminglanguage编程语言音方法progressive进行体receiver受话者信息接受者rulesoflanguage语言规则progressiveassimilation顺同化recencyeffect近期效应Sprojectionrule投射规则recognition识别samenessrelation相同关系pronominal代词recursion可溯Sanskrit梵文pronoun代词recursive可溯的还原的Sapir-WhorfHypothesis萨丕尔-沃夫pronunciation发音recursiveness递归性假设pronunciationdictionary发音词典reference所指参照Saussure索绪尔pronunciation发音referentialmeaning所指意义scaleofdelicacy精密阶proportionalopposition部分对referentialtheory所指理论schema图式立referential所指的scheme-orientedlanguage面向图式proposition命题reflectedmeaning反映意义的语言prosestyle散文风格reflexive(form)反身形式secondlanguageacquisition第二语prosodicanalysis节律分析超音质分regionaldialect地域方言言习得析register语域secondarycardinalvowel次要基本元psycholinguistics心理语言学regressiveassimilation逆同化音psycholinguistic-sociolinguisticregulatory(function)控制性语言功secondarystress次重音approach心理-社会语言学方法segment音段能psychologicalreality心理现实relationmaxim关系准则selectionrestriction选择限制psychologicalsubject心理主语relationalopposite关系对立selectionalrules选择规则psychologyoflanguage语言心理学relationalprocess关系过程self-reflexive自反身psychometric-structuralistapproachrelativeclause关系分句关系从句semanticassociationnetwork语义关心理测定-结构主义法relativepronoun关系代词联网络pulmonicsound肺闭塞音relativeuninterruptibility相对的非间semanticchange语义变化Putonghua普通话semanticcomponent语义部断性Qrelevancetheory关联理论分Q-basedimplicature基于质量的含reliability信度semanticfeature特征义repetition重复semanticinterpretation语义解释Q-principle质量原则representationalsystem表达系统semanticinterpretativerules语义解quality质representational表达实体释规则量residue剩余成分semanticprocess语义过程restrictedlanguage限制性语言semanticrepresentation语义表达qualitymaxim质量准则retrievalprocess检索过程semanticsentencepattern,SSP语义quantifier数量词retrievalsystem检索系统句型quantitativeanalysis定量分析retroflexsound卷舌音semantictriangle语义三角quantitativeparadigm数量变化表reverserhyme反陨semantics语义学quantitymaxim数量准则revisedextendedstandardtheory,semi-consonant半辅音quatrain四行诗REST修正扩展标准理论semioticsystem符号系统Rrewritingrules重写规则semiotics符号学range范围rheme述位semi-vowel半元音rank级rhetoricalskill修辞技能senserelation意义关系rationalism理性主义rhyme韵韵角压韵sense意义rawdata原始素材rhythm韵律节奏sentence句子R-basedimplicature基于关联的涵Romanalphabetletter罗马字母sentencefragments句子成分义root词根sentencemeaning句义reader读者rootmorpheme词根语素sentencememory句子记忆readingcomprehension阅读理解roundvowel圆元音sentencestress句重音sentencestructure句子结构speechsynthesis言语合成superlativedegree最高级sententialcalculus句子演算spelling拼写,拼法superordinate上坐标词setting场景splitinfinitives分裂的不定式suprasegmentalfeature超语段特征sibilant咝擦音spokencorpus口语语料库surfaceform表层形式sign符号spokenlanguagetranslation口语翻surfacerepresentation表层表达signified所指受指surfacestructure表层结构译signifier能指施指spondee扬扬格syllabicstructure音节结构simile明喻spoonerism首音互换斯本内现象syllabification音节划节simultaneity同时性spread展元音syllable音节singular单数S-structure表层结构syllabusdesign教学大纲设计situationalcontext情景语境stability稳定性syllabus教学大纲situationallevel情景层stabilityreliability稳定性效度syllogism三段论法situationalsyllabus情景教学大纲StandardEnglish标准英语symbol符号situationalvariation情景变异standardtheory标准理论synchronic(linguistics)共时（语言学）slot空缺standardization标准化synonym同义词socialrole社会角色statisticalanalysis统计分析synonymous同义的socialsemiotic社会符号学status地位synonymy同义现象socio-culturalrole社会文化角色stem词干syntacticcomponent句法部分sociolinguisticstudyoflanguage语言stimulus刺激syntacticfeatures句法特征的社会语言学研究stimulus-response刺激反应syntacticfunction句法功能sociolinguisticstudyofsociety社会stop闭塞音syntacticmarker句法标记的社会语言学研究storedknowledge储存知识syntacticprocess句法过程sociolinguistics社会语言学strategicknowledge学习策略知识syntacticrestriction句法限制sociologicalapproach社会学方法stratification层syntacticstructure句法结构softpalate软腭streamofconsciousness意识流syntacticalchange变化solidarity团结stresspattern重音模式syntagmaticrelation组合关系sonnet十四行诗stress重音syntax句法sonorant响音structuralanalysis结构分析systemnetwork系统网络sonorityscale响音阶structural(structuralist)grammar结systemofsigns符号系统sound语音systemofsystems系统的系统构语法soundimage语音图像structuralsyllabus结构教学大纲systemic(grammar)系统语法soundpattern语音模式structuraltest结构测试systemic-functionalGrammar,SFG系soundsegment音段structuralism结构主义统功能语法soundsystem语音系统structuralistlinguistics结构主义语言soundwave音波T学speaker’smeanin说g话者意义structuralistview结构主义观点tacitknowledge默契的知识speech言语style文体风格tagmeme法位speechacttheory言语行为理论stylisticanalysis文体分析tagmemics法位学speechcommunity言语社团stylistics文体学tap一次接触音speechcomprehension言语理解subcategorize次范畴targetlanguage目标语言speechevent言语事件subject主语tautology同义反复冗辞speechfunction言语功能subject-deletion主语省略template模块speechmode言语方式subjectivetest主观性测试tensevowel紧元音speechorgan言语器官subjectivity主观性tense时态speechperception言语感知subjunctivemood虚拟语气testcontent测试内容speechpresentation言语表达subordinateconstruction从属结构testform测试形式speechproduction;言语产生subordination从属testee受试者speechresearch言语研究substitutability替代性testing测试speechrole言语角色substitution替换test-retestreliability一测再测信speechsound语音suffix后缀度tetrameter四音步诗行Uvoicing浊音化，有声化text语篇Unaspirated不松气的vowelglide元音音渡textcomprehension语篇理解underlyingform底层形式vowel元音textencoding语篇编码underlyingrepresentation底层表达Wtextinterpretation语篇解释uninterruptibility非中断性webpage网页textstyle语篇风格universalgrammar,UG普遍语法Wh-interrogative特殊疑问句textualorganization语篇组织universalquantifier普遍限量词womenregister女性语域textual语篇功能universal普遍现象word词theme主位universality普遍性wordclass词类theoreticallinguistics理论语言学universalsoflanguage语言的普遍现wordformation词语形成third-personnarrator第三人称叙述wordgroup词组象者unmarked未标记的wordmeaning词义thoughtpresentation思想表达unroundedvowel非圆元音wordorder词序three-placepredicate三位谓语urbandialectology都市方言学wordrecognition词语识别tone声调音调user用户wordformation词语形成tongueheight舌高user-friendly方便用户的word-for-word逐词翻译tongueposition舌位utterancemeaning语句意义wording措辞tonguetip舌尖utterance语句workingmemorysystem工作记忆系topic主题uvula小舌统tracetheory轨迹论uvular小舌音writing文字traditionalgrammar传统语法writingsystem文字系统transcribed标音Vwrittenlanguage书面语transcription音标标音validity效度writtentext篇章transfer移转variable可变化的Xtransferapproach移转法variableword可变化词X-barTheoryX-bar理论transformation转换variation变异Ytransformationofinterrogation疑问variety变体语体yes/nointerrogative是非问句转换velar软腭音yes/noquestion是非问句transformationalcomponent转换部velarization腭音化Z分、transformationalgrammar转换语velum软口盖zeroform零形式法verb动词transformationalprocess转换过程verbphrase动词短语transformationalrule转换规则verbalcommunication言语交际transformational-generativegrammar,verbalprocess言语过程TGgrammar转换生成语法verbiage言辞transitivity及物性vernacularlanguageeducation本地translation翻译化教育treediagram树形图verticalrelation选择关系trill颤音vocabulary词汇trochee抑扬格长短格vocalcord声带trope转喻隐喻vocalorgan发音器官truthcondition真值条件vocaltract声道truthvalue真值vocative呼格tu/vousdistinction你/您区别voice语态turnlength话语轮次长度voicedconsonant浊辅音turnquantity话语轮次数量voicedobstruent浊塞音turn-taking依次发言voiced(sound)浊音two-placepredicate二位谓语voicelessconsonant清辅音two-wordutterance二词话语voicelessobstruent清塞音typology类型学voiceless(sound)清音。
(完整版)会计常用词汇中英文对照表
会计常用词汇中英文对照表一、资产类Assets流动资产Current assets货币资金Cash and cash equivalents现金Cash银行存款Cash in bank其他货币资金Other cash and cash equivalents外埠存款Other city Cash in bank银行本票Cashier''s cheque银行汇票Bank draft信用卡Credit card信用证保证金L/C Guarantee deposits存出投资款Refundable deposits短期投资Short-term investments股票Short-term investments - stock债券Short-term investments - corporate bonds基金Short-term investments - corporate funds其他Short-term investments - other短期投资跌价准备Short-term investments falling price reserves 应收款Account receivable应收票据Note receivable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance应收股利Dividend receivable应收利息Interest receivable应收账款Account receivable其他应收款Other notes receivable坏账准备Bad debt reserves预付账款Advance money应收补贴款Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable库存资产Inventories物资采购Supplies purchasing原材料Raw materials包装物Wrappage低值易耗品Low-value consumption goods材料成本差异Materials cost variance自制半成品Semi-Finished goods库存商品Finished goods商品进销差价Differences between purchasing and selling price委托加工物资Work in process - outsourced委托代销商品Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis受托代销商品Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis 存货跌价准备Inventory falling price reserves分期收款发出商品Collect money and send out the goods by stages待摊费用Deferred and prepaid expenses长期投资Long-term investment长期股权投资Long-term investment on stocks股票投资Investment on stocks其他股权投资Other investment on stocks长期债权投资Long-term investment on bonds债券投资Investment on bonds其他债权投资Other investment on bonds长期投资减值准备Long-term investments depreciation reserves股权投资减值准备Stock rights investment depreciation reserves债权投资减值准备Bcreditor''s rights investment depreciation reserves 委托贷款Entrust loans本金Principal利息Interest减值准备Depreciation reserves固定资产Fixed assets房屋Building建筑物Structure机器设备Machinery equipment运输设备Transportation facilities工具器具Instruments and implement累计折旧Accumulated depreciation固定资产减值准备Fixed assets depreciation reserves房屋、建筑物减值准备Building/structure depreciation reserves机器设备减值准备Machinery equipment depreciation reserves工程物资Project goods and material专用材料Special-purpose material专用设备Special-purpose equipment预付大型设备款Prepayments for equipment为生产准备的工具及器具Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate在建工程Construction-in-process安装工程Erection works在安装设备Erecting equipment-in-process技术改造工程Technical innovation project大修理工程General overhaul project在建工程减值准备Construction-in-process depreciation reserves固定资产清理Liquidation of fixed assets无形资产Intangible assets专利权Patents非专利技术Non-Patents商标权Trademarks, Trade names著作权Copyrights土地使用权Tenure商誉Goodwill无形资产减值准备Intangible Assets depreciation reserves 专利权减值准备Patent rights depreciation reserves商标权减值准备trademark rights depreciation reserves未确认融资费用Unacknowledged financial charges待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income待处理流动资产损溢Wait deal intangible assets loss or income待处理固定资产损溢Wait deal fixed assets loss or incomeaccountant genaral 会计主任account balancde 结平的帐户account bill 帐单account books 帐account classification 帐户分类account current 往来帐account form of balance sheet 帐户式资产负债表account form of profit and loss statement 帐户式损益表account payable 应付帐款account receivable 应收帐款account of payments 支出表account of receipts 收入表account title 帐户名称，会计科目accounting year 或financial year 会计年度accounts payable ledger 应付款分类帐Accounting period（会计期间）are related to specifictime periods ,typically one year（通常是一年)资产负债表：balance sheet 可以不大写b利润表：income statements (or statements of income)利润分配表：retained earnings现金流量表：cash flows二、负债类Liability短期负债Current liability短期借款Short-term borrowing应付票据Notes payable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance应付账款Account payable预收账款Deposit received代销商品款Proxy sale goods revenue应付工资Accrued wages应付福利费Accrued welfarism应付股利Dividends payable应交税金Tax payable应交增值税value added tax payable进项税额Withholdings on VAT已交税金Paying tax转出未交增值税Unpaid VAT changeover减免税款Tax deduction销项税额Substituted money on VAT出口退税Tax reimbursement for export进项税额转出Changeover withnoldings on VAT出口抵减内销产品应纳税额Export deduct domestic sales goods tax 转出多交增值税Overpaid VAT changeover未交增值税Unpaid VAT应交营业税Business tax payable应交消费税Consumption tax payable应交资源税Resources tax payable应交所得税Income tax payable应交土地增值税Increment tax on land value payable应交城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities payable应交房产税Housing property tax payable应交土地使用税Tenure tax payable应交车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license platetax(VVULPT) payable应交个人所得税Personal income tax payable其他应交款Other fund in conformity with paying其他应付款Other payables预提费用Drawing expense in advance其他负债Other liabilities待转资产价值Pending changerover assets value预计负债Anticipation liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities长期借款Long-term loans一年内到期的长期借款Long-term loans due within one year 一年后到期的长期借款Long-term loans due over one year应付债券Bonds payable债券面值Face value, Par value债券溢价Premium on bonds债券折价Discount on bonds应计利息Accrued interest长期应付款Long-term account payable应付融资租赁款Accrued financial lease outlay一年内到期的长期应付Long-term account payable due within one year 一年后到期的长期应付Long-term account payable over one year专项应付款Special payable一年内到期的专项应付Long-term special payable due within one year 一年后到期的专项应付Long-term special payable over one year递延税款Deferral taxes所有者权益类OWNERS'' EQUITY资本Capita实收资本(或股本) Paid-up capital(or stock)实收资本Paicl-up capital实收股本Paid-up stock已归还投资Investment Returned公积资本公积Capital reserve资本(或股本)溢价Cpital(or Stock) premium接受捐赠非现金资产准备Receive non-cash donate reserve股权投资准备Stock right investment reserves拨款转入Allocate sums changeover in外币资本折算差额Foreign currency capital其他资本公积Other capital reserve盈余公积Surplus reserves法定盈余公积Legal surplus任意盈余公积Free surplus reserves法定公益金Legal public welfare fund储备基金Reserve fund企业发展基金Enterprise expension fund利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment利润Profits本年利润Current year profits利润分配Profit distribution其他转入Other chengeover in提取法定盈余公积Withdrawal legal surplus提取法定公益金Withdrawal legal public welfare funds提取储备基金Withdrawal reserve fund提取企业发展基金Withdrawal reserve for business expansion提取职工奖励及福利基金Withdrawal staff and workers'' bonus and welfare fund利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment应付优先股股利Preferred Stock dividends payable提取任意盈余公积Withdrawal other common accumulation fund应付普通股股利Common Stock dividends payable转作资本(或股本)的普通股股利Common Stock dividends change toassets(or stock)未分配利润Undistributed profit三、成本类Cost生产成本Cost of manufacture基本生产成本Base cost of manufacture辅助生产成本Auxiliary cost of manufacture 制造费用Manufacturing overhead材料费Materials管理人员工资Executive Salaries奖金Wages退职金Retirement allowance补贴Bonus外保劳务费Outsourcing fee福利费Employee benefits/welfare会议费Coferemce加班餐费Special duties市内交通费Business traveling通讯费Correspondence电话费Correspondence水电取暖费Water and Steam税费Taxes and dues租赁费Rent管理费Maintenance车辆维护费Vehicles maintenance油料费Vehicles maintenance培训费Education and training接待费Entertainment图书、印刷费Books and printing运费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium支付手续费Commission杂费Sundry charges折旧费Depreciation expense机物料消耗Article of consumption劳动保护费Labor protection fees季节性停工损失Loss on seasonality cessation劳务成本Service costs四、损益类Profit and loss收入Income业务收入OPERATING INCOME主营业务收入Prime operating revenue产品销售收入Sales revenue服务收入Service revenue其他业务收入Other operating revenu材料销售Sales materials 代购代售包装物出租Wrappage lease出让资产使用权收入Remise right of assets revenue返还所得税Reimbursement of income tax其他收入Other revenue投资收益Investment income短期投资收益Current investment income长期投资收益Long-term investment income计提的委托贷款减值准备Withdrawal of entrust loans reserves 补贴收入Subsidize revenue国家扶持补贴收入Subsidize revenue from country其他补贴收入Other subsidize revenue营业外收入NON-OPERATING INCOME非货币性交易收益Non-cash deal income现金溢余Cash overage处置固定资产净收益Net income on disposal of fixed assets 出售无形资产收益Income on sales of intangible assets固定资产盘盈Fixed assets inventory profit罚款净收入Net amercement income支出Outlay业务支出Revenue charges主营业务成本Operating costs产品销售成本Cost of goods sold服务成本Cost of service主营业务税金及附加Tax and associate charge营业税Sales tax消费税Consumption tax城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities资源税Resources tax土地增值税Increment tax on land value5405 其他业务支出Other business expense销售其他材料成本Other cost of material sale其他劳务成本Other cost of service其他业务税金及附加费Other tax and associate charge费用Expenses营业费用Operating expenses代销手续费Consignment commission charge运杂费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium展览费Exhibition fees广告费Advertising fees管理费用Adminisstrative expenses职工工资Staff Salaries修理费Repair charge低值易耗摊销Article of consumption办公费Office allowance差旅费Travelling expense工会经费Labour union expenditure研究与开发费Research and development expense福利费Employee benefits/welfare职工教育经费Personnel education待业保险费Unemployment insurance劳动保险费Labour insurance医疗保险费Medical insurance会议费Coferemce聘请中介机构费Intermediary organs咨询费Consult fees诉讼费Legal cost业务招待费Business entertainment技术转让费Technology transfer fees矿产资源补偿费Mineral resources compensation fees排污费Pollution discharge fees房产税Housing property tax车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) 土地使用税Tenure tax印花税Stamp tax财务费用Finance charge利息支出Interest exchange汇兑损失Foreign exchange loss各项手续费Charge for trouble各项专门借款费用Special-borrowing cost营业外支出Nonbusiness expenditure捐赠支出Donation outlay减值准备金Depreciation reserves非常损失Extraordinary loss处理固定资产净损失Net loss on disposal of fixed assets出售无形资产损失Loss on sales of intangible assets 固定资产盘亏Fixed assets inventory loss债务重组损失Loss on arrangement罚款支出Amercement outlay所得税Income tax以前年度损益调整Prior year income adjustment会计账目用语对账单，结单statement of account往来账户，活期存款账户，流通账account current经常账户current account销货账account sales两人共有之银行账户joint account应收[未清]账款；未付账单，未结算账目outstanding account贷方账项credit account借方账项debtor accountaccount payable应收账account receivable新交易||新账new account未决账||老账old account现金账cash account流水账running account暂记账||未定账suspense account逾期账款，过期未付账款||延滞账overdue account||pastdue account 杂项账户sundry account详细账单||明细表detail account坏账bad account会计项目title of account会计薄||账薄account-book营业报告书||损益计算表account of business||business report 借贷细账||交验账account renderedaccount stated与... 银行开立一户头to open an account with与……继续交易，与……有账务往来to keep account with继续记账to keep account与……有交易to have an account with作成会计账||有往来账项to make out an account with清算||清理债务to make up an account与……停止交易to close one's account with结账to close an account请求付账to ask an account||to demand an account结清差额to balance the account with清算to settle an account||to liquidate an account||to square an account 审查账目||监查账目to audit an account检查账目to examine an account转入A的账户to charge the amount to A's accountto pay on account代理某人||为某人on one's account||on account of one为自己计算||独立账目on one's own account由某人收益并负风险on one's account and risk||for one's account and risk 由某人负担for one's account||for account of one按某人指示||列入某人账户by order and for account of one列入5月份账目for May account报账render an account会计: 支票用语支票薄cheque book支票陈票人cheque drawer持票人cheque holder不记名支票cheque to bearer/bearer cheque记名支票/认人支票cheque to order到期支票antedated cheque未到期支票postdated cheque保付支票certified cheque未获兑现支票，退票returned cheque横线支票crossed cheque普通横线general crossing特别横线special crossing空白支票blank cheque失效支票，过期支票stale cheque普通支票open cheque打10%折扣的10000元支票，（即9000元） a cheque for $10，000，less 10% discount加10%费用的10000元支票，（即11000元） a cheque for $10，000，plus 10% charges支票换现金/兑现to cash a cheque清理票款to clear a cheque保证兑现to certify a cheque填写支票数额to fill up a cheque支票上划线to cross a cheque开发支票to make out a cheque签发支票，开立支票to draw a cheque/to issue a cheque透支支票to overdraw a cheque背书支票to endorse a cheque请付票款/清付票款to pay a cheque/to honour a cheque支票退票to dishonour a cheque拒付支票to refuse a cheque拒付支票to stop payment of a cheque提示要求付款to present for payment见票即付持票人payable to bearer支付指定人payable to order已过期/无效out of date/stale请给出票人R/D/refer to drawer存款不足N/S/N.S.F./not sufficient funds/I/F/insufficient funds文字与数字不一致words and figures differ支票交换时间已过account closed更改处应加盖印章alterations require initials交换时间已过effects not cleared停止付款payment stopped支票毁损cheque mutilated国际会计术语英汉对照Account 帐户Accounting system 会计系统American Accounting Association 美国会计协会American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会Audit 审计Balance sheet 资产负债表Bookkeepking 簿记Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测Certificate in Internal Auditing 内部审计证书Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师Cost accounting 成本会计External users 外部使用者Financial accounting 财务会计Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会Financial forecast 财务预测Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则General-purpose information 通用目的信息Government Accounting Office 政府会计办公室Income statement 损益表Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会Integrity 整合性Internal auditing 内部审计Internal control structure 内部控制结构Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署Internal users 内部使用者Management accounting 管理会计Return of investment 投资回报Return on investment 投资报酬Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会Statement of cash flow 现金流量表Statement of financial position 财务状况表Tax accounting 税务会计Accounting equation 会计等式Articulation 勾稽关系Assets 资产Business entity 企业个体Capital stock 股本Corporation 公司Cost principle 成本原则Creditor 债权人Deflation 通货紧缩Disclosure 批露Expenses 费用Financial statement 财务报表Financial activities 筹资活动Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设Inflation 通货膨涨Investing activities 投资活动Liabilities 负债Negative cash flow 负现金流量Operating activities 经营活动Owner's equity 所有者权益Partnership 合伙企业Positive cash flow 正现金流量Retained earning 留存利润Revenue 收入Sole proprietorship 独资企业Solvency 清偿能力Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设Stockholders 股东Stockholders' equity 股东权益Window dressing 门面粉饰部门和人员的称谓1，部门的称谓市场部Marketing销售部Sales Department （也有其它讲法，如宝洁公司销售部叫客户生意发展部CBD）客户服务Customer Service ，例如客服员叫CSR，R for representative 人事部Human Resource行政部Admin.财务部Finance & Accounting产品供应Product Supply，例如产品调度员叫P S Planner2，人员的称谓助理Assistant秘书secretary前台接待小姐Receptionist文员clerk ，如会计文员为Accounting Clerk 主任supervisor经理Manager总经理GM，General Manager入场费admission运费freight小费tip学费tuition价格，代价charge制造费用Manufacturing overhead材料费Materials管理人员工资Executive Salaries奖金Wages退职金Retirement allowance补贴Bonus外保劳务费Outsourcing fee福利费Employee benefits/welfare会议费Coferemce加班餐费Special duties市内交通费Business traveling通讯费Correspondence电话费Correspondence水电取暖费Water and Steam税费Taxes and dues租赁费Rent管理费Maintenance车辆维护费Vehicles maintenance油料费Vehicles maintenance培训费Education and training接待费Entertainment图书、印刷费Books and printing运费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium支付手续费Commission杂费Sundry charges折旧费Depreciation expense机物料消耗Article of consumption劳动保护费Labor protection fees总监Director总会计师Finance Controller高级Senior 如高级经理为Senior Manager营业费用Operating expenses代销手续费Consignment commission charge 运杂费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium展览费Exhibition fees广告费Advertising fees管理费用Adminisstrative expenses职工工资Staff Salaries修理费Repair charge低值易耗摊销Article of consumption办公费Office allowance差旅费Travelling expense工会经费Labour union expenditure研究与开发费Research and development expense福利费Employee benefits/welfare职工教育经费Personnel education待业保险费Unemployment insurance劳动保险费Labour insurance医疗保险费Medical insurance会议费Coferemce聘请中介机构费Intermediary organs咨询费Consult fees诉讼费Legal cost业务招待费Business entertainment技术转让费Technology transfer fees矿产资源补偿费Mineral resources compensation fees 排污费Pollution discharge fees房产税Housing property tax车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) 土地使用税Tenure tax印花税Stamp tax财务费用Finance charge利息支出Interest exchange汇兑损失Foreign exchange loss各项手续费Charge for trouble各项专门借款费用Special-borrowing cost。
中英文常用财务词汇对照表
中英文常用财务词汇对照表
以下是一些中英文常用财务词汇对照表：
中文英文中文英文
收入 revenue 资产 asset
支出 expenditure 负债 liability
成本 cost 所有者权益 owner's equity
利润 profit 现金流量 cash flow
净利润 net profit 流动比率 current ratio
毛利润 gross profit 速动比率 quick ratio
毛利率 gross profit margin 资产负债率 gearing ratio
净利润率 net profit margin 存货周转率 inventory turnover ratio 总资产收益率 return on total assets 应收账款周转率 receivables turnover ratio
市盈率 P/E ratio 资本回报率 return on capital employed
市净率 P/B ratio 销售利润率 profit margin on sales
市现率 P/CF ratio 经营现金流增长率 growth rate of operating cash flow
市销率 P/S ratio 存货周转天数 days of inventory on hand
ROE(净资产收益率) ROE(return on equity) 应收账款周转天数 days of receivables outstanding。
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中、英文词汇
中文名称 Detail Retail Season Licence Delivery Quality Specifications Descifications Standard；Type Catalogue Pamphlet Literature Leaflet Article No.（Art.No.） Sample Representative Sample Original Sample Duplicate Sample Counter-Sample Reference Sample Sealed Sample Brand Trade Mark Fair Average Quality（F.A.Q.） Grade Assortment Tolerance 5% more or less 5% Plus or minus 5% Plus or minus 5% maximum(max.) 5% maximum(max.) 5% maximum(max.) 5% minimum(min.) 5% minimum(min.) 5% minimum(min.) Range Quantity 英文名称 详情 零售 季节 许可证 交货 品质 规格 说明 标准 商品目录 宣传小册 说明书 宣传单页 货号 样品 代表性样品 原样 复样 对等样品 参考样品 封样 牌号 商标 大路货（良好平均质量） 等级 花色（搭配） 公差 5%上下 5% 增减 ±5% 5%最高 5%高大 5%最多 5%最低 5%最小 5%最少 幅度 数量 中文名称 Unconfirmed L/C Sight L/C Usance L/C Transferable L/C Revolving L/C Amendment of L/C Margin Negotiation Settlement of Exchange Collection Documents against payment(D/P) Documents against Acceptance (D/A) D/P at sight D/P at days sight D/A at XX days sight Payment in advance Endorsement Endorsement in blank Drawer Endorser Drawee Payee Holder Beneficiary Accountee (for account of XXX) Foreign Exchange Foreign Currency Rate of Payment Direct Quotation Indirect Quotation Buying Rate Selling Rate Gold Standard Mint Par Gold Standard Paper Money System Gold Parity Inflation 第2頁，共7頁 英文名称 不保兑信用证 即期信用证 远期信用证 可转让信用证 循环信用证 修改信用证 保证金（押金） 议付 结汇 托收 付款交单 承兑交单 即期付款交单 见票后XX天付款交单 XX天承兑交单 预付货款 背书 空白背书 出票人 背书人 付款人 受款人 持票人 受益人 申请开证人 外汇 外币 汇率 国际收支 直接收支 间接标价 买入汇率 金本位制度 铸币平价 黄金输送点 纸币制度 金平价 通货膨胀
中、英文词汇
中文名称 Bulk Cargo Nude Cargo Packed Cargo Outer Packing Inner Packing Small Packing Immediate Packing Packed in Cases Wooden Case Plywood Case Fibre Board Case Crate；Skeleton Case Carton；Cardboard Case Packed in Drums Iron Drum Wooden Keg Wooden Barrel Plywood keg Packed in cloth-bales Machine Press-packed Bale Packed in Bags Gunny Bay；Jute Bag Cloth Bag Kraft Paper Bag Plastic Bag Polythene Bag Cardboard Box Corrugated Paper Box Kraft Paper Cellophane Tarred Paper Oiled Paper Filling and Lining Material Excelsior Paper Wool Straw Saw Dust Paper Scrap 英文名称 散装货 裸装货 包装货 外包装 内包装 小包装 直接包装 箱装 木箱 三夹板箱 纤维板箱 板条箱 纸板箱 桶装 铁桶 小木桶 木桶 三夹板桶 布包装 机器紧压包、机包 袋装 麻袋 布袋 牛皮纸袋 塑料袋 聚乙烯袋 纸板盒 瓦楞板盒 牛皮纸 玻璃纸 柏油纸 油纸 衬垫物 木丝 纸条 稻草 木屑 纸屑 中文名称 Sales Confirmation Purchase Contract Purchase Confirmation Indent Order XX Commodity Inspection Bureau (X.C.I.B) Inspection Certificate Inspection Certificate of Quality Inspection Certificate of Weight(Quantity) Certificate of Origin Claim Disputes Penalty Discrepency and Claim clause Force Majeure Arbitration Foreigh Trade Artitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade Arbitral Tribunal Aword Exclusive right Exclusive right Exclusivity Agreement Exclusivity Agreement Exclusivity Agreement Agency Sole Agency；Exclusive Agency Agency Agreement General Agent Agent Cormmission Agent Cormmission Merchant Middleman Broker Accumulative Commission Quantity Discount Trade Discount The Chinese Export Commodities Fair 第4頁，共7頁 英文名称 销售确认书 购货合同 购货确认书 订单 定单 XX商品检验局 质量、重量检验证书 质量检验证书 重量检验证书 产地证明书 索赔 争议 罚金条款 异议与索赔条款 不可抗力 仲裁 中国国际贸易促进委员会 对外贸易仲裁委员会 仲裁庭 裁决 独家经营权 独家专营权 独家经营协议 独家包销协议 独家代理协议 代理 独家代理 代理协议 总代理人 一般代理人 佣金代理人 佣金商 中间人 掮客 累计佣金 数量折扣 商业折扣 中国出口商品交易会
中、英文词汇
中文名称 Shipping Marks Style No. C/no. Invoice Quantity(QTY) Country Origin Goods Packing list Size Color Total Vessel From To Measurement / Dimensions Supplier Company Summary Breakdown Assortment Per Unit CBM Vendor Contract No. Market Remarks Item No. Knitted Garment Manufacturer Destination Date Address Information Final Order No. 英文名称 箱唛 款号 箱号 发票 数量 国家 起源 货物 装箱单 尺寸（大小） 颜色 合计 船名 从... 到... 尺寸 供货商 公司 摘要 明细 分类 每，每一 单位 立方 卖主 合同号 市场 备注 项号 针织 衣服 厂商 目的地 日期 地址 消息 最终 订单号 英文名称 收货人 舱位 报关 提货 一月份装船 Shipment not later than Jan.31st / Shipment on or before Jan.31st 一月底装船 Shipment during Jan./Feb. / Jan./feb. Shipment 一/二月份装船 ...Shipment during...in two lots 在...（时间）分两批装船 ...Shipment during...in two equal lots 在...（时间）平均分两批装船 in three monthly shipments 分三个月装运 in three equal monthly shipments 分三个月，每月平均装运 Immediate shipment 立即装运 Prompt shipment 即期装运 Shipment within 30 days after receipt of L/C 收到信用证后30天内装运 Partial shipment allowed(permitted/acceptable) 允许分批装船 Partial shipment not allowed(permitted) / unacceptable 不允许分批装船 Optional Port 选择港（任意港） Optional Charges 选港费 Optional Charges to be borne by the Buyers / Optional Charges for Byuers' account 先港费由买方负担 Steamship(S.S) 轮船 Charter(the Chartered Ship) 租船 Voyage Charter；Trip Charter 定程租船 Time Charter 定期租船 Regular shipping liner(Liner) 班轮 Lighter 驳船 Tanker 油轮 Cargo Receipt 陆运收据 Air Waybill 空运提单 Original Bills of Lading(B/L) 正本提单 Payment 支付 Letter of Credit (L/C) 信用证 Documentary L/C 跟单信用证 Draft / Bill of Exchange 汇票 Shipping Documents 货运单证 Clean L/C 光票信用证 Revocable L/C 可撤销信用证 Irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证 Confirmed L/C 保兑信用证 第1頁，共7頁 中文名称 Consignee Shipping Space Clearance of goods to take delivery of goods Shipment during January / January shipment