中外建筑史名词中英文对照
建筑史中英文对照
建筑史中英文对照建史名词中英文对照：中国古代建筑及构造宫palace,temple殿hall厅hall又称“堂”室room房house亭pavilion台platform坛altar楼storied building阁pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion轩windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que, watchtower牌楼pailou, decorated gateway华表huabiao, ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction穿斗式构架column and tie construction井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语内柱hypostyle column宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column 宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace 宋代术语柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport 宋代术语梁beam袱beam宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽袱5-purlin beam宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽袱7-purlin beam宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱rufu, beam tie宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer（木行）purlin (used with dougong)大式檩purlin (used without dougong) 小式抟purlin宋代术语脊（木行）ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purlin 小式脊抟ridged purlin宋代术语金（木行）intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平抟intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐（木行）purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心（木行）eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平抟eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong) 大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong) 小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushion board大式檐垫板cushion board小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱dougong,bracket set斗dou, bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block宋代术语拱gong,bracketarm翘flower arm, petal华拱flower arm宋代术语昂ang,lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block 宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm 宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns 宋代术语角科bracket set on corner转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket 宋代术语cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版gable eave board宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique shelfmasonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel, hanging over叠涩corbel, hanging over宋代术语corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab 宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone 宋代术语象眼triangular spaceyulu, imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma, recta下袅lower cyma, reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade 宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital stone柱础column base踬zhi碑碣stone tablet赑屃bixi, stone turtle宋及宋前术语趺fu, stone turtle清代术语石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾头eave tile滴水drip tile瓦当tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走兽animal砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern, colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画dragons pattern天花彩画ceiling pattern箍头end portion of painted beam藻头intermediate portion of painted beam枋心central portion of painted beam点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting贴金gold foil painting建史名词中英文对照：外国古代建筑及构造金字塔pyramid方尖碑obelisk牌门楼pylon莲花式柱lotus column纸草花式柱papyrus column棕榈叶式柱palm column塔庙ziggurat列柱围廊式peristyle山花pediment多立克柱式Doric order伊奥尼亚柱式曾用名“爱奥尼亚柱式”。
外国建筑史名词中英文对照
金字塔pyramid方尖碑obelisk牌门楼pylon莲花式柱lotus column纸草花式柱papyrus column棕榈叶式柱palm column塔庙ziggurat列柱围廊式peristyle山花pediment多立克柱式Doric order伊奥尼亚柱式Ionic order曾用名“爱奥尼亚柱式”。
科林斯柱式Corinthian order檐口cornice檐部entablature檐壁frieze额枋architrave柱头capital柱身column shaft槽沟flute圆底线脚torus柱基plinth台基stylobateaqueduct万神庙pantheon凯旋门triumphal arch角斗场colosseum广场forum托斯卡柱式Tuscan order门廊potch,portico小穹顶cupola平嵌线reglet主穹顶main dome半穹顶semi dome帆拱pendentive会堂basilicacentral nave侧廊aisle半圆形壁龛apse袖廊transept柱廊colonnade神坛altar拱廊atcade壁上拱廊blind arcade塔楼turret玫瑰窗rose windo w扶壁buttress尖顶pinnacle滴水兽gargoyle顶端饰finial花色窗棂tracery四叶饰quatrefoil五叶饰cinquefoil府邸mansion,palazzo鼓座drum采光塔lantern小侧窗bulleye windo w涡卷装饰cartouche宣礼塔minaret圣龛mihrab,prayer niche讲坛mimbar,pulpit拱式vault type筒拱barrel vault棱拱groin vault肋骨拱rib bed vault星形拱网状拱reticulated vault扇形拱fan vault倒槽式拱trough vault钟乳拱stalactite vault券式arch type半圆券semicircular arch尖券pointed arch弧形券segmental arch葱花券ogee arch马蹄券horseshoe arch交角券squinch穹式dome type半球形穹顶semespherical dome葱花穹顶ogee domesquare dome阿拉伯花饰arabeque阿拉伯式柱头Arabian capital。
建筑历史名词术语中英索引：
名词术语中英索引：AAalto， Alvar阿尔瓦·阿尔托Tuberculosis Sanatorium at Paimio帕米欧肺病疗养院Municipal Library，维堡图书馆Villa Mairea，玛丽亚别墅Town Hall of saynatsalo，珊娜特塞罗镇中心主楼Abu Simbel(Egypt)，阿尔布辛贝勒(埃及) Acropolis(Athens)，雅典卫城(雅典) Adornment ，装饰Agora，广场Agora，Assos ，阿索斯广场Aido Ross ，罗西Air conditioner ，空调Aisle ，侧廊Alberti，Leone Battista ，阿尔伯蒂Altar of Zeus,(Pergamon,Gteece),宙斯祭坛(希腊帕加马)Amiens Cathedral，亚眠主教堂Amphitheatre ，圆形剧场，角斗场Aqueduct ，输水道Pont du Gard{Nimes France}，嘉德引水渠(法国尼姆)Roman，罗马引水渠Apollo，阿波罗Apse ，半圆形龛Arena ，(圆形剧场中的)表演区，沙场Arch，券Centre，圆心Crown，券顶．Extrados，券背Haunch，券肩石Impost，券底石Keystone，券心石(又称锁石)Soffit ，券底Springing line，起券线Voussoir ，楔形券石Anglo—Saxou Arch，盎格鲁·撒克逊式券Corbelled Arch，叠涩券Decorated Arch，装饰式券Early English Arch ，早期英吉利式券Horse shoe Arch，马蹄形券Multifoil Arch ，复叶形券Norman Arch ，诺曼式券Ogee Arch ，弓形券Perpendicular Arch ，垂直式券Pointed Saracenic Arch ，撒拉逊式尖券Roman Arch ，罗马式券Round Trifoliated Arch ，三叶形券Transitional Arch ，过渡时期式券Ogee，洋葱形穹顶Pointed，尖拱Roman，罗马拱Triumphal，凯旋拱门Blind Arches，假券Arcades，连券廊Blind Arcades，假连券廊Arc de Triomphe(Paris)，凯旋门(巴黎) Architecture建筑analyzing，建筑分析as profession，建筑作为职业Architecture equipments，建筑设备Arch of Augustus．Perugia，佩鲁吉亚奥古斯都拱门Arch of Constantine(Rome)，康斯坦丁凯旋门(罗马)Arch of Septimius Severus．Rome，罗马塞弗拉斯凯旋门Arch of Titus．Rome，罗马泰塔斯凯旋门Aronoff Center for Design and Art(Cincinnati)．阿罗洛夫设计和艺术中心(辛辛那提)Art and Architecture Building(Yale University)，艺术和建筑大厦(耶鲁大学)Art Deco，装饰艺术派Art Nouveau，新艺术运动Arts and Crafts movement，工艺美术运动Ascent roof,坡屋顶Assyria，亚述Athena，雅典娜Athens，雅典AT&T Building，美国电话电报公司大楼BBabylonia，巴比伦Basilica ，古罗马的巴西利卡Basilica of Constantine ，君士坦丁巴西利卡Basilica of Trajan ，图拉真巴西利卡The Basilica．Vicenza ，维琴察巴西利卡Basilica of San Marco(Venice)，圣马53可大教堂Greek—cross Basilica，希腊十字式巴西利卡Latin—cross Basilica，拉丁十字式巴西利卡Condensed Dome Basilica集中式穹顶巴西利卡Baroque architecture，巴洛克建筑English，英国巴洛克建筑in France，法国的巴洛克建筑in Italy，意大利的巴洛克建筑Mexican，墨西哥巴洛克建筑Renaissance architecture and，文艺复兴建筑与巴洛克建筑Renaissance architecture compared to，文艺复兴建筑与巴洛克建筑比较Barrel Vault 筒形拱Baths．Roman，罗马浴场Baths of Caracalla．卡瑞卡拉浴室Baths of Titus(Rome)，泰塔斯浴场(罗马) Bauhaus，包豪斯Bauhaus school，包豪斯建筑学派Bauhaus Workshop Wing(Dessau，Germany)，包豪斯工作室(德国德骚) Berlin ，柏林AEG Turbin Factory ，德国通用电气公司透平机车间Altes Museum，老博物馆Berlin Schauspielhaus，柏林宫廷剧院Berlin Philharmonie，柏林爱乐音乐厅Brandenburg Gate，勃兰登堡门Conference Hall，西柏林会堂Jewish Museum，犹太人博物馆Model Factory at the Exhibition of thewerkbund in Cologne，德意志制造联盟科隆展览会模范车间National Gallery，国家美术馆新馆Bell Tower(Leaning Tower，Pisa)，钟塔(比萨斜塔)Bernini．Giovanni Lorenzo 伯尼尼Scala Regia in Vatican 梵蒂冈教皇接见厅前的大阶梯Piazza of S．Peter 圣彼得主教堂前广场Borromini．Francesco 波罗米尼San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane罗马圣卡罗教堂Boston city Hall，波士顿市政厅Botta,Mario，博塔Bank of Gottardo，戈塔尔多银行House at Riva San Vitale，圣·维塔莱河畔的住宅Boullee，部雷Metropole project，大都市博物馆方案Project for a Cenotaph for Sir Isaac Newton，牛顿纪念碑方案Bramante，Donato伯拉孟特Tempietto in S．Pietro in Montorio罗马坦比哀多Bricks，砖British Museum(1ondon)，大英博物馆(伦敦) Brunelleschi，Filippo ，伯鲁涅列斯基The Dome of S．Maria del Fiore ，佛罗伦萨圣玛利亚大教堂的穹窿Foundling Hospital．Florence，佛罗伦萨育婴院Pazzi Chapel，佛罗伦萨巴齐礼拜堂Brutalism，粗野主义Buttress ，飞扶壁Flying Buttress，飞扶壁Gothic Buttress，哥特式扶壁Byzantine architecture，拜占庭建筑Byzantine Empire，拜占庭帝国CCalatrava,Santiago，卡拉特拉瓦Alamillo Bridge,Spain 埃拉米诺大桥TGA Station ,Lyon-Satolas,France ，萨特拉斯车站Campanile，钟楼Camus，加缪体系Capitol，Rome ，罗马卡比多广场Casa Batllo(Barcelona)，巴特罗公寓(巴塞罗纳)Casa Mila(Barcelona)，米拉公寓(巴塞罗纳) Castel，城堡Castles，Romanesque，罗马式城堡Cathedral ，主教堂．Chartres Cathedral ，夏特尔主教堂Cologne Cathedral ，科隆主教堂CBD，中心商务区Cement，水泥Central Park(New York City)，中央公园(纽约市)Center Pompidou(Paris)，蓬皮杜中心(巴黎) Charter of Athens，雅典宪章Charter of Machu Picchu，马丘比丘宪章Chateau de Chambord ，法国尚堡府邸Chateau Vaux－le Vicomte ，维康府邸Chicago，芝加哥Carson Pirie Scott Department Store，C．P．S百货公司大厦First Leiter Building，第一莱特尔大厦54John Hancock Center，约翰·汉考克大厦Lake Shore building，湖滨公寓Marina City，马利纳城大厦Marquette Building，马凯特大厦Marshall Field Wholesale Store，马歇尔·菲尔德百货批发商店Reliance Building，里莱斯大厦Robie House，罗比住宅SearS Tower，西尔斯大厦The Capitol，卡皮托大厦Water Tower Place Building水塔广场大厦Willitts House威利茨住宅World’s Columbian Exposition,1893年哥伦比亚博览会Chicago School，芝加哥学派Choragic Monument of Lysicrates雅典列雪格拉德纪念亭Chrysler Building(New York)，克莱斯勒大厦(纽约)Christian，基督教Church ，教堂Cross－domed Churchs，十字穹顶教堂Churches and cathedrals教堂和大教堂 Byzantine Church，拜占庭教堂和大教堂 Gothic Church，哥特式教堂和大教堂Romanesque Church，罗马式教堂和大教堂Circular Windows，圆窗Classical style(Classical Revival)，古典风格(古典复兴)Colosseum．Rome 罗马大角斗场Columbian Exposition(Chicago，l893)，哥伦比亚世界博览会(芝加哥，1893)Column ，柱子Corinthian Column，科林斯式Doric Column，多利克式Egyptian Column，埃及式Greek Column，希腊式Ionic Column，爱奥尼克式Roman Column，罗马式Concrete，混凝土Concrete in Roman architecture，罗马建筑中的混凝土Constantine(Roman emperor)，君士坦丁(罗马皇帝)Constantinople，君士坦丁堡Constructivism构成主义派Contextualism “文脉主义Court of Alberca，玉泉院Court of Lions，狮子院Courtyards，庭院Crossing Tower，十字交叉点处塔楼Cross Vault，十字拱Crown，券顶Crystal Palace(London)，水晶宫(伦敦)Curvilinear(Decorated)style，曲线(装饰)风格DDeconstruction(Decon) ，解构主义Decorated Arch ，装饰式券De Stij，风格派：Casa Schroder, Utrecht，乌德勒支的施罗德住宅Dessau，德绍Distyle ， (希腊、罗马神庙的)端柱式The Doge,s Palace ，威尼斯公爵府Dome，穹顶Dome on Pendentives，穹顶－帆拱体系The Dome of S．Maria del Fiore，佛罗伦萨圣玛利亚大教堂的穹窿Dulles Airport (Washington，D C)，杜勒斯国际机场(华盛顿特区)DWB/ Deutscher Werkbund，德意志制造联盟P.Behrens，贝伦斯AEG Turbine Factory，透平机车间Fagus Werk，法古斯工厂EEaves，屋檐Egypt，埃及Eiffel，Gustave，古斯塔夫·埃菲尔Eiffel，Tower(Paris)，埃菲尔铁塔(巴黎)Einstein Tower(Potsdam．Germany)，爱因斯坦塔(德国波茨坦)Eisenman，Peter，彼得·埃森曼Aronoff Center for Design and Art，Cincinnati，USA辛辛那提大学设计、建筑、艺术与规划学院大楼(阿洛诺夫设计与艺术中心)Columbus Convention Center，Ohio，USA哥伦布会议中心Forster House，Palo Alto，California，USA 11a号住宅又称福斯特住宅House I “住宅I”House lI “住宅lI"House VI，Washington，Connecticut，USA“住宅VI”Wexner Center for the Visual Arts，Columbus，Ohio，USA，韦克斯纳视觉艺术中心Elegant New Geometry，优雅新几何Elevator，电梯55Empire State Building．帝国大厦Engineering Building(University of Leicester)．工程大厦(莱斯特大学)England英国Baroque architecture in．英国的巴洛克建筑Gothic architecture in，英国的哥特式建筑Gothic Revival in．英国的哥特复兴式建筑High Victorian Gothic in，英国维多利亚时代全盛哥特式建筑Neoclassic revival in，英国的新古典主义复兴建筑Norman(Romanesque)architecture in，英国的罗马风建筑Renaissance architecture in，英国的文艺复兴建筑Entablature，(柱式的)檐部Entasis，卷杀Entrance，入口Erechtheion，Athens雅典伊瑞克先神庙Expressionism，表现主义FFallingwater(Bear Run，Pennsylvania)，流水别墅(宾夕法尼亚州熊溪)Fan Vault，扇形拱顶Farnsworth House(near Piano，Illinois)，范斯沃斯住宅(伊利诺斯州普莱诺附近) Fireplace, 壁炉Flamboyant，(哥特建筑中的)火焰式Florence Cathedral，佛罗伦萨大教堂Flying Buttress，飞扶壁Flying ribs，飞肋Fontainebleau(France)，枫丹白露(法国) Forbidden City，紫禁城Forster，Norman福斯特Commercial Bank Tower， Frankfurt法兰克福商业银行大厦New Headquarters for the Hong KongBank，Hong Kong香港汇丰银行新楼Parts Distribution Center for RenaultUK Ltd，Swindon，Wiltshire， UK雷诺公司产品配送中心Reconstruction of Reichstag，Bedin，Germany柏林国会大厦改建Reliance Contmls Ltd，Swindon，Woltshire，UK信托控股公司Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts，VEA，Norwich，Norfolk， UK塞恩斯伯里视觉艺术中心Telecommunications Tower，Torre diCollserola，Barcelona，Spain巴塞罗那通迅塔Third London Airport Stansted，Essex，UK伦敦斯坦斯梯德机场Formalism，典雅主义Form follows function，形式追随功能Forum罗马广场Forum of Angustus，奥古斯都广场Forum of Caesar，凯撒广场Forum of Nerva，奈乏广场Forum of Trajan，图拉真广场Forum．Pompeii，庞培城中心广场Forum Romanum，罗曼努姆广场Fountain，喷泉Functionalism，功能主义，功能主义派Futurism，未来派GGable山墙Gabrie，Jacques—Ange加贝里爱尔Petit Trianon小特里阿农Gallery，廊Garden City，花园城市Giant Order巨柱式Giralda，塞维利亚风标塔The Great Mosque，Damascus大马士革大礼拜寺The Great Mosque，Cordova科尔多瓦大礼拜寺The Great Mosque，Samarra萨马拉大礼拜寺Great Pyramids，Giza吉萨金字塔群Great Temple，Abu—Simbel阿布辛贝勒阿蒙神大石窟庙Great Temple of Ammon，Kanark卡纳克阿蒙神庙Great Temple，Madurai马杜赖大寺Greece，希腊Greek architecture，希腊建筑Gehry,Frank 盖里American Center，Paris，France巴黎美国中心California Aerospace Museum，LosAngeles，Calif．USA航空宇宙博物馆Gehry House，Santa Monica，California在圣·莫尼卡的自宅Guggenheim Museum，Bilbao，Spain毕尔巴鄂古根汉姆博物馆Nationale．Nededtmden Building，Prague，Czech Republic布拉格尼德兰大厦Vitra Furniture Design Museum，Weilam～Rhein，Germany维特拉家具设计博物馆56Weisman Art Museum，University ofMinnesota，Minneapolis，USA魏斯曼艺术博物馆Graves，Michael(1934～)格雷夫斯Benacerraf House Addition,贝纳塞拉夫住宅扩建Hanselmann House，Wayne，Indiana，USA汉索曼住宅Humana Building，Louisville，Kentucky，U．S．A休曼那大厦Public Service Building in Portland，Oregon，USA波特兰市市政厅Swan Hotel and Dauphin Hotel，WaltDisney World，Florida，USA海豚旅馆与天鹅旅馆Gridiron city，方格城市Gropius，Walter(1883—1969)格罗皮厄斯Bauhaus Dessau包豪斯校舍City Theatre，Jena耶那市立剧场Dammer stock Housing达默斯托克居住区Fagus Werk，Alfeld法古斯(鞋楦)厂Gropius Residence，Lincoln， Mass格罗皮厄斯自宅Harvard Graduate Center，Cambridge，Mass哈佛大学研究生中心Interbau，Hansaviertal 1957年汉莎区国际住宅展览会高层公寓楼Model Factory at the Exhibition of theWerkbund in Cologne德意志制造联盟科隆展览会办公楼Municipal Employment Office，Dessau德绍市就业办事处Siemensstadt Housing，Berlin西门子住宅区Village College，Impington英平顿乡村学院Gwathmey，Charles(1938～)格瓦斯梅HHadid，Zaha，扎哈·哈迪德Monsoon Restaurant，Sapporo，Tokyo，Japan东京扎晃餐厅Peak Club，Hong Kong，香港山顶俱乐部设计方案Vitra Fire—Station，Weilam Rhein，Germany维特拉消防站Hadrian(Roman emperor)，哈德良(罗马皇帝) Hadrian’s villa(Tivoli，Italy)，哈德良别墅(意大利底沃利)Hall of Mirrors(Versailles)，镜厅(凡尔赛) Hatshepsut，哈特什帕苏墓Haussmann，Georges Eugene， Baron(1809—1891)，奥斯曼Rebuilding Paris 19，世纪后半叶的巴黎改建Hejduk，John．约翰·海杜克High Gothic architecture，典型哥特式建筑High Renaissance，文艺复兴高潮High．Tech，高技派High．Tech and High-Touch，高度技术与高度感人High Victorian Gothic，维多利亚时代全盛哥特式High Victorian period，维多利亚全盛期Hill House(Glasgow)，小山住宅(英国格拉斯哥)Holism，整体主义Holistic Design，整体设计Holl，Steven，斯蒂芬·霍尔Anchoring《锚固》Chapel of St．Ignatius，Seattle，USA圣伊纳爵小教堂Void Space／Hinged Space Housing，NexusWorld Kashii，Fukuoka，Japan日本福冈公寓Holocaust Memorial Museum(Washington，D．C．)，大屠杀纪念展览馆(华盛顿特区)Horizontal lines，水平线条Hotel de Soubise ，巴黎苏必斯府邸House of Pansa ，潘萨府邸Houses of Parliament(London)，议会大厦(伦敦)House of Silver Wedding ，银婚府邸House of Vettii ，维蒂府邸Howard，Ebenezer，Sir霍华德“Garden City”田园城市Garden Cities of Tomorrow，《明日的田园城市》humanizing architecture建筑人情化Hypostyle Hall(Temple of Amon at Karnak)，多柱式大厅(埃及卡玛克阿蒙神殿)IIl Gesfi Rome，罗马耶苏会教堂Impressionism，印象主义，印象主义派Industrial City ，“工业城市”Interbau，Hansaviertal，1957年汉莎区国际住宅展览会International Style，“国际式"建筑Intersecting Vault，交叉拱Ishtar，新巴比伦城伊斯达门Italian Neorationalist Movement，新理性主义运动(又称La Tendenza坦丹札学派)57Italy，意大利Renaissance architecture in，意大利的文艺复兴建筑Baroque architecture in，意大利的巴洛可建筑Gothic architecture in，意大利的哥特式建筑Romanesque architecture in，意大利的罗马风建筑Industrial Revolution，工业革命JJencks，Charles詹克斯The Language of Post—mod~rytArchitecture《后现代建筑语言》The New Moderns《新现代》Jenney，William Le Baron(1832—1907)詹尼First Leiter Building第一莱特尔大厦Home Insurance Company芝加哥家庭保险公司大厦Johnson，Philip(1906一)P．约翰逊AT&T Headquarters，New York，USA，美国电话电报公司总部大楼Pittsburgh Hate Glass Company Head－quarters，匹兹堡的PPG平板玻璃公司总部大厦Republic Bank Center，Houston，Texas，共和银行中心大厦Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery，谢尔登艺术纪念馆Transco Tower in Houston，休斯敦的特兰斯科塔楼KKahn，Louis，路易斯·康Richard Medical Research Building，理查德医学研究楼Saik Institute for BiologicalResearch，La Jolla，Californa，索尔克生物研究所Karnak temples，埃及卡玛克神殿Key Stone券心石(又称锁石)King’s College Chapel(Cambridge，England)，国王学院礼拜堂(英国剑桥)Koolhaas，Rem，雷姆·库哈斯Dall’Ava House，Saint-Claud，Paris，France达尔阿瓦住宅Delirious New York： A RetroactiveManifesto for Manhattan《颠狂的纽约：关于曼哈顿的回顾性宣言》Generic City《广普城市》National Dance Theatre in Hague，Holland海牙国立舞剧院LLa Sagrada Familia，Church of(Barcelona)，神圣家族大教堂(巴塞罗纳)Le Brun，Charles勒勃亨The Louvre卢佛尔Le Corbusier，勒·柯布西耶Chandigarh，India，昌迪加尔规划及行政中心Convent de la Saint-Marie-de-1a-Tourette，near Lyons，拉图莱特修道院League of Nation’s Building，国际联盟总部设计方案Uunite d’Habitation，Marseille，马赛公寓“人居单元”Ministry of Education，巴西教育卫生部大楼(与Neimyer合作)“Modulor”，“模数理论”Notre．Dame．du．Haut，Ronchamp，朗香教堂PavilIion Suisse A La Cite Universitaire，Paris，巴黎瑞士学生宿舍Plan of the Ville Contemporaine ，300万人的现代城市规划方案Plan“V oisin'’de Paris，巴黎市中心区改建规划Vers une architecture，《走向新建筑》Villa Savoie，萨伏伊别墅Le Notre，Andre勒诺特Le Vau，Louis勒伏Chateau Vaux-le-Vicomte维康府邸Library of St．Mark，Venice，圣马可图书馆Lincoln Cultural Center in Newyork，纽约林肯文化中心Linear City，带形城市Lion Gate，Mycenae迈西尼城狮子门Luxor temples，鲁克索神殿MMansart．Jules Hardouin，孟莎，J．H．Palais de Versailles，凡尔赛宫Church of the Invalides，巴黎残废军人新教堂Place de Vendome，巴黎旺多姆广场Masjid－j－Shah，1sfahan，伊斯法罕皇家礼拜寺Mastaba，玛斯塔巴Mausoleum of Hadrain，罗马哈德良墓Megaron，美加仑室Meirer，Richard ，R．迈耶(1934～)58Getty Center，Los Angeles，USA格蒂中心Higll Museum of Art，Adanta，Georgia，USA亚特兰大的海尔艺术博物馆Smith House，Darien，Conn．USA，史密斯住宅Mendelsohn，Erich(1887—1953)，门德尔松Einstein Tower，Potsdam，爱因斯坦天文台Metabolism，新陈代谢派Michelangelo Buonarroti，米开朗琪罗Capitol，Rome，罗马卡比多广场S．Peter Cathedral，Rome，罗马圣彼得主教堂Michelozzo Michelozzi，米开罗佐Palazzo Ricardi，佛罗伦萨吕卡第府邸Mies van der Rohe，Ludwig，路德维希·密斯·范德·罗Barcelona Pavilion，巴塞罗那博览会德国馆Crown Hall ，IIT克朗楼Farnsworth House，Piano，Illinois，法恩斯沃思住宅minois Institute of Technology，伊利诺工学院校园规划Lake Shore Building，Chicago，芝加哥的湖滨公寓ment to Liebknecht and Luxemburg，李卜克内西和卢森堡纪念碑National Gallery，Berlin，柏林国家美术馆新馆Seagram Building，New York，西格拉姆大厦Tugendhat House，Brno，图根德哈特住宅Milan Cathedral(Italy)，米兰大教堂(意大利) Millennium Dome(Greenwich，U K)，千年穹顶(英国格林威治)Minimalism “极少主义”或“极简主义”Modern Architecture现代建筑，现代建筑派Modern Movement现代建筑运动Modernism现代主义，现代主义派Monolith整石柱Mosque of Ahmed I，伊斯坦布尔阿赫默德一世礼拜寺Multifoil Arch复叶形券NNeighbourhood Unit，邻里单位Neo．Classicism，新古典主义Neoplasticism，新造型主义Nervi，Pier Luigi(1891—1979)，内尔维Palazzelto dello Sport，罗马小体育宫Palazzo dello Sport，罗马大体育宫Pirdli Tower大厦(与Ponti合作)St．Mary’s Cathedral，San Francisco，旧金山的圣玛丽主教堂(与Belluschi合作)Turin Exposition Hall，都灵展览馆UNESCO Headquarters，Paris，联合国教科文总部(UNESCO)的会议厅(与Breuer和Zehffuss合作)Neoclassic，新古典主义Neuschwanstein，Schloss(near Munich)，新天鹅堡 (慕尼黑附近)New Babylon ，新巴比伦城New Brutalism，新粗野主义(新野性主义)New Empericism，新经验主义New Modem or Neo－Modernism ，“新现代"，“新现代“派New Rationalism，新理性主义New Regionalism，新地域主义New Simplicity ，“新简约”New Tradition，新传统派，新传统主义建筑New York Five ，“纽约五”Niemeyer，Oscar(1907~)，尼迈耶尔Ministry of Eduction，巴西教育卫生部大楼Notre Dame圣母教堂Notre Dame．Paris ，巴黎圣母教堂Nouvel，Jean(1945~)，努维尔Arab World Institute．Paris，France，巴黎阿拉伯世界研究中心Tour Sans Fin， Paris，巴黎无止境大厦方案OObelisk ，方尖碑Ogee arch ，弓形券Omar Mosque ，耶路撒冷奥马尔礼拜寺(圣岩寺)Opera House(Sydney，Australia)，歌剧院(澳大利亚悉尼)Opera(Paris)，歌剧院(巴黎)Orders，Greek，希腊柱式Ordine(Order)，柱式Ordine Composite，组合柱式Doric Order（Ordine Dorico），多立克柱式Ionic Order（0rdine Ionico），爱奥尼克柱式Corinthian Order（Ordine Corintio），科林斯柱式Ordine Tuscan，塔司干柱式Architrave，额枋Capital ，柱头Column ，柱身Entablature ，檐部59Frieze，檐壁Organic Decentralization，有机疏散理论Organic architecture，有机建筑Ornament，use of in architecture，建筑中装饰的使用PPalace of Sagon,萨艮王宫Palace of Persepolis，帕赛玻里斯宫Palace of Minos,Knossos，克诺索斯迷宫Palais de Versailles，凡尔赛宫Palazzo Pandolfini，Florence ，佛罗伦萨潘道菲尼府邸Palazzo Rucellai，Florence ，佛罗伦萨鲁切拉府邸Palladio，Andrea ，帕拉第奥Palladio Motif ，帕拉第奥母题The Basilica．Vicenza，维琴察巴西利卡Palladio Motif ，帕拉第奥母题Rotunda ，维琴察圆厅别墅Pantheon，Paris，巴黎的万神庙Pantheon，Rome ，罗马万神庙Parterre du Midi(Versailles)，德米迪花坛(凡尔赛)Pazzi Chapel，Florence，佛罗伦萨巴齐礼拜堂Pei，I.M.(1917~)，贝聿铭East Gallery，National Gallery ofArt，美国国家美术馆东馆Grand Louvre，Paris，France，巴黎大卢浮宫扩建Pelli，Cesar(1926～)佩利Miglin．Beitler Tower，Chicago，米格林·贝特勒大厦Petronas Towers， Kuala Lumper，吉隆坡的双塔大厦Pendentive，帆拱Perfection of Technique，讲究技术精美的倾向Petit Trianon ，小特里阿农宫，凡尔赛Peristyle ，列柱围廊式Pseudo peristyle ，假列柱围廊式Perpendicular Arch ，垂直式券Perrault。
建筑史专用词汇中英对照
建筑史专用词汇中英对照我们在阅读或翻译建筑史类资料时，经常会碰到许多词汇，不明白确切含义或不知道如何准确翻译。
专业性的字典或者是汉英、或者是英汉，没有汉英英汉统一在一起的字典，给阅读和翻译工作带来一定的不便。
现将部分常用的与建筑史相关的一些词汇汇集在一起，以便于大家使用。
1、城市史城市史 history of cities 大学城 campus city居民点settlement 科学城 science city市[场] market 风景旅游城市 sceic-tourist city城[墙] city wall 休养城市 resort city都城 capital city 小城市 small city宫城imperial city 中等城市 medium-sized city外城 outer city 大城市large city皇城 imperial palace 城市历史保护 urban conservation里 neighbourhood 历史建筑historical building 街 street 历史地段historical site巷lane 城市改建urban redevelopment 胡同 hutong,alley 城市更新urban renewal关厢 outskirt 工业城市industrial city城濠 city moat,city trench 矿业城市 mining city城堡 castle 港口城市 port city城邦 polis 商业城市 commercial city城市 city 市区 city proper镇 township,town 郊区suburb2、园林史中国古典园林 classical Chinese garden中国传统园林 traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林 ancient Chinese garden中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑 imperial palace garden皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林western classical garden英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林Italian style garden西班牙式园林Spainish style garden法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林 Le Notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style garden洛可可式园林 Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden庄园manor,villa garden廊柱园 peristyle garden,patio绿廊xystus迷阵maze,labyrinth灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语阿房宫 E-Pang Palace 秦代术语上林苑 Shang-Lin Yuan 汉代术语未央宫 Wei-Yang Palace 汉代术语洛阳宫 Luoyang Palace 魏代术语华清宫 Hua-Qing Palace 唐代术语艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山庄 Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden 又称"悬空园"，"架高园"。
建筑史名词翻译
建筑史名词中英文对照（全国自然科学名词审定委员会1996年公布）中国古代建筑及构造宫palace，temple殿hall厅hall又称「堂」室room房house亭pavilion台platform坛altar楼storied building*阁pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion轩windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que，watchtower牌楼pailou，decorated gateway华表huabiao，ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction穿斗式构架column and tie construction井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语内柱hypostyle column宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace*手chashou，inverted V-shaped brace宋代术语柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng，camel-hump shaped support宋代术语梁beam栿beam宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽栿5-purlin beam宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽栿7-purlin beam宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽栿9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳栿rufu，beam tie宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer桁purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩purlin (used without dougong) 小式槫purlin宋代术语脊桁ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purlin小式脊槫ridged purlin宋代术语金桁intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平槫intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐桁purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心桁eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平槫eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushion board大式檐垫板cushion board小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter*花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins 材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou，mortise of cap block斗拱dougong，bracket set斗dou，bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block宋代术语拱gong，bracketarm翘flower arm，petal华拱flower arm宋代术语昂ang，lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose 攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns宋代术语角科bracket set on corner转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代术语跴cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版gable eave board宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf 门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone 天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall 隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel，hanging over叠涩corbel，hanging over宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代术语象眼triangular space御路yulu，imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma，recta下袅lower cyma，reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital stone柱础column base踬zhi碑碣stone tablet*屃bixi，stone turtle宋及宋前术语趺fu，stone turtle清代术语石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile 脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾头eave tile滴水drip tile瓦当tile end，eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof，vertical ridge for gable roof 戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走兽animal砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern，colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画 dragons pattern天花彩画 ceiling pattern箍头 end portion of painted beam藻头intermediate portion of painted beam枋心central portion of painted beam点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting贴金gold foil painting外国古代建筑及构造金字塔pyramid方尖碑obelisk牌门楼pylon莲花式柱lotus column纸草花式柱papyrus column棕榈叶式柱palm column塔庙ziggurat列柱围廊式peristyle山花pediment多立克柱式Doric order伊奥尼亚柱式Ionic order曾用名「爱奥尼亚柱式」。
建筑名词中英文对照
设计指标：s t a t i s t i c s 用地面积：site area建筑占地面积：building foot print总建筑面积：total area建筑面积 floor area,building area地上建筑面积：ground area地下建筑面积：underground area整体面积需求: Demand for built area公共绿地：public green land备用地用地：reserved land容积率：FAR建筑密度：building coverage绿地率：green ratio绿化率：green landscape ratio建筑高度：building height层数：number of floors停车位：parking unit地面停车：ground parking地下停车：underground parking使用面积：usable area公用面积：public area实用面积：effective area居住面积：living area计租面积 rental area 租用面积得房率：effien开间 bay进深 depth跨度 span坡度：slope,grade净空：clearance净高：clear height净空楼梯间下：headroom净距：clear distance套内面积：unit constraction area公摊面积：shared public area竣工面积：辅助面积：service area结构面积：structural area交通面积：communication area,passage area共有建筑面积：common building area共有建筑面积分摊系数：common building area amount coefficient 公用建筑面积：public building area销售面积：sales area绿化覆盖率：green coverage ratio层高：floor height净高：clear height公用建筑面积分摊系数：public building area amount coefficient 住宅用地： residential area 其他用地：公共服务设施用地：land for public facilities道路用地：land for roads公共绿地：public green space道路红线：road property line建筑线建筑红线：set back line用地红线： property line,boundary line第一轮：1st round计划和程序：schedule and program工程进度表：working schedule构造材料表：list of building materials and construction设计说明：design statement图纸目录和说明：list of drawings and descriptions项目标准：project standards总结：conclusion文本及陈述：封皮：cover目录：content技术经济指标：technical and economical index概念规划设计：conceptual master paln and architectural design 基地分析：location analysis项目区位分析图：description of the region site and city space view analyze 概念构思说明：chief design concept指导思想设计主旨：key concepts概述：introduction宗旨：mission statement愿景及设计效果：vision and design concept城市空间景观分析：urban space landscape identity绿化景观分析：landscape analysis交通分析：traffic analysis生态系统：ecological system地块A：area A模型照片：model images案例分析：case study草图：sketches设计构思草图：concept sketches规划总平面图：site plan鸟瞰图：bird view功能分区图：function organization单体透视图：unit perspective 1-1剖面图：section 1-1立面图：elevation沿街立面图：street elevation平面图：plan地下一层平面图：basement plan；B1 plan 首层平面图：F1 plan；ground floor plan 二层平面图：2F floor plan设计阶段 stages of design草图 sketch方案 scheme初步设计 preliminary design施工图 working drawing平面图 plan平面放大图 plan in enlarged scale剖面图 section立面图 elevation节点详图 detail drawing透视图 perspective drawings鸟瞰图 birds-eye view示意图 schematic diagram区划图 block plan位置图 location示意图：schematic diagram背景介绍：project background报告书目的：purpose of report专案区位背景：Context of ;;;区域交通架构：regional circulation framework 区域活动架构：regional district framework区域发展架构：regional development framework 基地分析：site understanding现状土地利用：existing land use现状交通系统：existing circulation现状城市机理：existing city fabric机遇与限制：opportunities and constrains经济分析与策略：economic strategies房地产经济：real estate market标高 elevation绝对标高 absolute elevation相对标高 relative elevation设计标高 designed elevation海拔标高：altitude elevation above sea level 坐标 ordinate基准点 datum mark等高线 contour line高差 difference in elevation土方工程量 volume of earthwork技术经济指标 technical and economic index设计进度 period of design设计范围scope of design方案比较 scheme comparison,alter-native for competition 建筑形式 architectural style自然条件 natural condition风玫瑰图 wind rose地形图 graphical map现场勘查 field inspection地质勘察资料 geological exploration data城建规划部门 city planning department防火等级 fire resistance rating城市干道 city thoroughfares回车场 turnarounds地下水：subsurface water,ground water地表水：surface water汇水面积：water shed area,catchment area洪水位：floodtide level综合管沟：combination of pipe line循环水系统：circulating water system消防系统：hydrant system雨水：rain water,storm water,drain water 雨水管雨落管：down pipe,rain water pipe淋浴喷头：shower pipe水泵：water pump透明度：transparency化粪池：septic tank管井：tube well雨水井：gully合成树脂：synthetic resin晶体：crystal检修孔：inspection hole,access hole建筑设计规范 code for architectural design 防火规范 fire protection standards建造投资 investment of construction景观设计 landscaping概算：budgetary estimate预算：budget决算：final accounts建筑绘图常用词线条：lines曲线：curve虚线：dotted line实线：full line斜线：bias line双曲线：hyperbola；hyperbole 轴线：axis定位轴线：locating axis中心线：center line等高线：contour line箭头：arrow索引：index垂直：vertical水平：horizontal平行：parallel横向的：transverse横向尺寸：sectional dimension 几何图形：geometrical figure 圆形：round方形：square矩形：rectangle平行四边形：parallelogram六角形：hexagon梯形：trapezoid椭圆形：elliptic oval扇形：sector直角：right angle圆角：rounded angle半径：radius直径：diameter外径：outside diameter内径：inside diameter长度：length展开长度：developed length 总长：overall length宽度：width高度：height厚度：thickness薄：thin深度：depth单位：units公里：kilometer米：meter分米：decimeterdm厘米：centimetercm毫米：millimetermm重量：weight净重：net weight总重：total weight公斤：kilogram克：gram吨:ton度：degree体积：volume数量：quantity公升：litter百分率：percentage描图纸：tracing paper一般建筑材料、建筑构件常用词轴线,定位轴线：axis , locating axis 对称：symmetry结构：structure细节设计：Detailing视线：Sightline板：Plank热桥：Thermal bridge斜线：Oblique line扶手：handrail, railing钢结构：steel structure饰面材料：facing materials风口：air duct封堵：Sealing主墙：Chief Wall铝板：Aluminum Sheet真空保温板：Vip=Vacuum insulation panel 保温：thermal insulation吸音：sound absorption耐火材料：non-inflammable materials磨砂玻璃：sandblased glass,rubbed glass 玻璃砖：glass brick油漆：paint金：gold银：silves铜紫铜：copper黄铜：brass青铜：bronze铝：aluminium铸钢：cast steel不锈钢：stainless steel纤维板：fibre board铁钉：nails铆钉：rivet螺丝：screw螺栓：bolt高强螺栓：high strength tensile bolt 钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete砂浆：mortar水泥：cement水磨石：terrazzo大理石：marble花岗岩：granite石膏：gypsum面砖：tile瓷砖：enameled brick釉面砖：glazed tile琉璃砖：terra cotta砖：brick马赛克：mosaic卫生器具：sanitary fixture 马桶： closet bowlpan蹲坑：squatting pan小便斗：urinal洗脸盆：wash basin妇洗器：bidet洗涤盆,水池：sink浴缸：bathtub淋浴：shower地漏：floor drain水龙头：tap毛巾架：towel rack肥皂盒：soap holder手纸盒：toilet paper holder 污水池：sewage sink厨房水池：kitchen sink起重机,吊车：crane,monorail 壁柜：closet消火栓：fire hydrant窗帘：curtain窗帘盒：curtain box窗台板：window board外窗台：sill老虎窗：dormer window天窗：skylight,monitor百叶窗：shutter纱窗：screen window卷帘门：rolling shutter door旋转门：revolving door折门：folding door弹簧门：swing door双向弹簧门：double acting sping door 防火门：fire door一般建筑房间名词梯田,屋子平顶,倾斜的平地：Terrace柱子：Column小块土地：Plot玄关： foyer隔断：partition过道：passageway标准层：standard floor阳台：balcony平台：terrace中庭：atrium走廊：corridor, passageway遮雨篷遮阳篷：awning入口：entrance地下室：basement, cellar半地下室：semi basement, sub basement公安局：police station法院：court house检察院：procuratorate台北国际大厦：taibei international building广播电视东方中心：oriental broadcasting & TV station 东方商务广场：oriental business concourse综合行政中心：comprehensive administrative centre 和建筑有关的名词和形容词：理性：rational；logos浪漫：romatic自然：nature科技：technology放松：relaxation活化：reinvigoration逻辑：logic混乱：confusion有秩序的：regular完整的：integrated；whole整齐：in order；orderliness杂乱无章：scattered and disorderly 沉重：ponderosity可持续发展：sustainable development 弹性：flexible多元化：diverse创造：creativity启发：inspiration人为环境：man-made environment自然环境：natural environment循环：cycle二元：duality摘要：abstract关键词：key words象征,代表：symbol发展适宜性分析：Developments suitability analysis 环境分析：environmental analysis土地使用测略：land use strategy规划备选方案：Alternative master plans土地使用平面：land use map开放空间架构：open space framework开放空间系统：open space system区域中心： Regional/focal point景观轴线：green axis/ finger山谷/溪流： valley/ creek水体：water body绿色屏障：green backdrop山顶：hill top景观视线分析：visual quality analysis 制高点：high point景观点：visual focal point标志性建筑群：signature buildings地标建筑：landmark tower视线通廊：view corridor视觉景锥视角：view coneangle交通动线系统：circulation hierarchy 城市干道：express way,city major road 主干道：primary road次干道：secondary road支路：community street交通节点：transit node景观环路：scenic loop公交终点站：bus terminal特钲分区：district character分期开发：phasing plan一期：phasing 1详细规划：detail control guideline土地需求总量分析：land demand analysis规划结构：planning framework启动项目：pilot projects邓加湖社区：dengjia lake community创意街区：creative district湖畔社区：lakeside community景观设计概念：landscape design concepts主要区域：key areas感受：to feel交流：to interact颂赞：to embrace视觉景观/认知景观：visual landscape / perceptual landscape 景观分区：landscape focal point景观风格分区：landscape identity软景和硬景：soft and hard edges水之广场：water front plaza亲水步阶：steps to water草坡休闲椅：seat walls on slopping lawn 散步道：promenade眺望点：look out point大草坪：the grand lawn塔：tower野餐聚集地：picnic area创意空间：multi purpose open space水岸步道：water front board work绿廊：green corridor声乐雕塑公园：sound sculpture park地块界线：parcel line建议岸线：proposed lake edge原有岸线：existing lake edge开放空间：open space水闸：water gate水坝：dam绿色建筑设计：green building design节能,有能源效果的：Energy-efficient建筑生态化：eco-architecture生态复育：ecological restoration热的：Thermal热封闭：Thermal envelope一、英美制到公制换算Linear Measure 长度单位:1 inch 英寸= millimetres 毫米1 foot 英尺=12 inches 英寸= metre 米1 yard 码=3 feet 英尺= metre 米1 statute mile 英里=1760 yards 码= kilometres 千米1 nautical mile 海里=1852 m. 米Square Measure 面积单位:1 square inch 平方英寸=5 平方厘米1 square foot 平方英尺=144 .平方英寸= 平方分米1 square yard 平方码=9 . 平方英尺= 平方米1 acre 英亩=4840 .平方码= hectare 公顷1 square mile 平方英里=640 acres 英亩=259 hectares 公顷Cubic Measure 体积单位:1 cubic inch 立方英寸=1 立方厘米1 cubic foot 立方英尺=1728 . 立方英寸= 立方米1 cubic yard 立方码=27 . 立方英尺= 立方米12Capacity Measure 容积单位:1、Britich 英制1 pint 品脱=20 fluid oz. 液量盎司= . 立方英寸= litre 升1 quart 夸脱=2 pints 品脱= litres 升1 gallon 加伦=4 quarts 夸脱= litres 升1 peck 配克=2 gallons 加伦= litres 升1 bushel 蒲式耳=4 pecks 配克=3 litres 升1 quarter 八蒲式耳=8 bushels 蒲式耳= hectolitres 百升2．1、American dry 美制干量1 pint 品脱= . 立方英寸= litre 升1 quart 夸脱=2 pints 品脱= litres 升1 peck 配克=8 quarts 夸脱= litres 升1 bushel 蒲式耳=4 pecks 配克= litres 升2．2、American liquid 美制液量1 pint 品脱=16 fluid oz. 液量盎司= . 立方英寸= litre 升1 quart 夸脱=2 pints 品脱= litre 升1 gallon 加伦=4 quarts 夸脱= litres 升Avoirdupois Weight 常衡单位:1 grain 格令= gram 克1 dram 打兰= grams 克1 ounce 盎司=16 drams 打兰= grams 克1 pound 磅=16 ounces 盎司=7000 grains 谷= kilogram 千克1 stone 英石=14 pounds 磅= kilograms 千克1 quarter 四分之一英担=2 stones 英石= kilograms 千克1 hundredweight 英担=4 quarters 四分之一英担= kilograms 千克1 short ton 短吨美吨=2000 pounds 磅= tonne 公吨1 long ton 长吨英吨=20 hundredweight 英担= tonnes 公吨二、公制到英制换算Linear Measure 长度单位:1 millimetre 毫米= inch 英寸1 centimetre 厘米=10 mm. 毫米= inch 英寸1 decimetre 分米=10 cm. 厘米= inches 英寸1 metre 米=10 dm. 分米= yards 码= feet 英尺1 decametre 十米=10 m. 米= yards 码1 hectometre 百米=100 m. 米= yards 码1 kilometre 千米=1000 m. 米= mile 英里1 mile marin 海里=1852 m. 米= mile 英里Square Measure 面积单位:1 square centimetre 平方厘米= 平方英寸1 square metre 平方米= 平方码1 are 公亩=100 square metres 平方米= 平方码1 hectare 公顷=100 ares 公亩= acres 英亩1 square kilometre 平方公里= 平方英里Cubic Measure 体积单位:1 cubic centimetre 立方厘米= 立方英寸1 cubic metre 立方米= 立方码Capacity Measure 容积1 millilitre 毫升= pint British 英制品脱1 centilitre 厘升=10 ml. 毫升= pint 品脱1 decilitre 分升=10 cl. 厘升= pint 品脱1 litre 升=10 dl. 分升= pints 品脱1 decalitre 十升=10 l. 升= gallons 加伦1 hectolitre 百升=100 l. 升= bushels 蒲式耳1 kilolitre 千升=1000 l. 升= quarters 八蒲式耳Weight 重量单位:1 milligram 毫克= grain 谷1 centigram 厘克=10 mg. 毫克= grain 谷1 decigram 分克=10 cg. 厘克= grains 谷1 gram 克=10 dg. 分克= grains 谷1 decagram 十克=10 g. 克= drams 打兰1 hectogram 百克=100 g. 克= ounces 盎司1 kilogram 千克=1000 g. 克= pounds 磅1 ton metric ton 吨,公吨=1000 kg. 千克= long ton 长吨,英吨= 短吨,美吨。
建筑术语中英对照表(全文完整)
建筑术语中英对照表（全文完整）下面是我为大家整理的建筑术语中英对比表（全文完整）,供大家参考。
A-frame A 型骨架 A-truss A 型构架 abrasion 磨耗；磨蚀 abrasive cut-off machine 磨切机 abrasive grinding machine 磨机(火石机) abrasive particle 磨粒 absorption 汲取 abutment 桥台；拱座 abutting end 邻接端 acceleration 加速 acceleration lane 加速车道 acceleration pedal 加速器踏板 accelerator 催凝剂；加速器；催化剂 acceptance criteria 接受准则 access 通路；通道 access door 检修门；通道门 access lane 进出路径 access panel 检修门 access point 入口处；出入通道处 access ramp 入口坡道；斜通道 access road 通路；通道 access shaft 竖井通道 access spiral loop 螺旋式回旋通道access staircase 通道楼梯access step 上落踏板；出入踏板access tunnel 隧道通道 accessible roof 可到达的屋顶；有通道的屋顶 accessory 附件；配件 accident 事故；意外 accidental collapse 意外坍塌 accommodate 装设；容纳 accredited private laboratory 认可私营试验室accumulator 储压器；蓄电池accuracy limit 精确度极限 acetylene cylinder 乙炔气(风煤)樽 acid plant 酸洗设备；酸洗机 acid pump 酸液泵 acid tank 酸液缸 acoustic couplant 声耦合剂acoustic coupler 声耦合器acoustic lining 隔音板acousticscreen 隔声屏 acrylic paint 丙烯漆料 acrylic sheet 丙烯胶片(阿加力胶片) active corrosion 活性腐蚀 active earth pressure 主动土压力active oxidation 活性氧化actual plot ratio 实际地积比率actuator 促动器；唧筒；激发器 adapt 改装 adaptor 适配器；适配接头(万能苏)；转接器；接合器 addition 增设；加建 additional building works 增补建筑工程additional horizontal force 额外横向力additional plan 增补图则 additional vent 加设通风口 additive 添加剂 adhesive 黏结剂；胶黏剂 adhesive force 附力 adit 入口；通路；坑道口 adjacent construction 相邻建筑物 adjacent level 相邻水平adjacent site 相邻地盘 adjacent street 相邻街道 adjoining area 毗邻地区 adjoining building 毗邻建筑物 adjoining land 毗邻土地adjoining structure 毗邻构筑物 adjustable 可调校 adjuster 调整器adjustment 调校；调整 admixture 掺合剂；外加剂 advance directional sign 前置指路标志；方向预报标志 advance earthworks 前期土方工程advance warning sign 前置警告标志 advance works 前期工程 aeration 灌气 aeration tank 曝气池 aerial 天线 aerial rapid transit system 架空快速运输系统 aerial ropeway 架空缆车系统 aerial view 俯视图aerofoil 翼型 aerosol 悬浮微粒；喷雾 affix 贴附 aftercooler 后冷却器 afterfilter 后过滤器 agent 作用剂；代理人 aggregate 骨料；集料；碎石aggregate area 总面积aggregate grading 骨料级配aggregate superficial area 表面总面积 aggregate usable floor space 总有用楼面空间 agitator 搅拌器；搅动机 air bleeding 放气 airblower 鼓风机air brake 气压制动器air circuit 空气回路air circuit breaker 空气断路器 air cleaner 空气滤清器 air compressor 空气压缩机air compressor governor 空气压缩机调压器air conditioning 空气调整 air cooled chiller 风冷式冷冻机 air cooler 空气冷却器 air cooling system 空气冷却系统；风冷系统 air coupling valve 空气联接阀 air curtain fan 风帘风扇 air cylinder 气缸；气筒 air damper 风闸；气流调整器 air distribution system 配气系统air distributor 空气安排器 air dryer 空气干燥器 air duct 通风管道；气槽 air entrained cement 加气水泥；伴水泥 air entraining agent 加气剂 air exhaust 排气口 air filter 空气滤器；风隔；隔尘网 air filter chamber 空气过滤室 air flowmeter 风量计；空气流量计 air gap 气隙 air grill 空气格栅 air inlet 进风口；进气孔 air inlet louver 进气百叶 air inlet port 进气口 air intake 进风口；进气孔；入气口air intake duct 进风槽 air intake filter 进气过滤器 air isolating cock 空气隔断旋塞 air line breathing apparatus 气喉型呼吸器具air line strainer 进气管道隔滤器 air outlet 出风口 air outlet grille 空气出口栅格 air particle 空气粒子 air passage 风道air pipe/pipework 通气管；送气管air piston 空气活塞air pressure gauge 气压表air pressure switch 气压掣air pressurization system 空气加压系统 air receiver 空气储存器 air reservoir 储气缸 air restrictor 空气节流器 air shuttle valve 阻气阀 air sprayer 喷涂器 air spring 空气弹簧 air strainer 空气隔滤器；空气滤网 air supply outlet 供气出口 air supply valve 供气阀 air tank 空气箱 air valve 进出气阀；放气阀 air valve pit 进出气阀井；放气阀井 air vent cock 通风管旋塞 air ventilator 空气通风器air-operated damper 气动风闸airshaft 通风竖井airtight cover 气密盖 airy dry varnish 风干清漆 alarm 警报；警报器 alarm bell 警钟 alarm buzzer 警报器 alga 水藻 align 对准；调直；定线alignment (road) 路线；线向(特指道路中线的位置与方向) alignment plan (road) 路线平面图 alkali-silica reaction 碱矽反应 alkaline aggregate reaction 碱性集料反应 alkaline pump 碱液泵 alkaline tank 碱液缸 alkalinity 碱度 all-purpose road 混合车道；综合车道alley 巷 allowable load 容许载重；容许荷载 allowable stress 容许应力 alloy 合金 alloy steel bar 合金钢筋条 alluvial deposit 冲积土层；冲积物 alteration 更改；改建；改动 alternating current (a.c.) 沟通电 alternative design 替代设计 alternative route 替代路线alternator 沟通发电机 aluminium tape 铝带 amber flashing light 黄色闪灯 ambient pressure 四周压力 ambient temperature 环境温度；四周温度amendment 修订amenities 市容建筑；设施；康乐设施amenity area 美化市容地带 amenity railing 美观栏杆 ammeter 电流表；安培计 ampere (A) 安培(电流量单位) amplification 放大；增加amplitude 幅；振幅 anchor 锚；锚竿支撑 anchor bearing 锚承；锚座anchor bolt 锚栓 anchor plate 锚碇板 anchorage 锚碇；碇泊区；抛锚区；锚固 anchorage length 锚固长度 anchoring strength 锚固强度ancillary building 附属建筑物ancillary facilities 附属设施ancillary installation 附带装置 ancillary works 附属工程 angle cutter 角铁切割机 angle iron bracket 角铁支架；角铁托架 angle probe 斜探头 angular velocity 角速度 annunciation lamp 警示灯annunciator 传播器；召唤器 anode 阳极 anode voltage 阳极电压antenna 天线 anti-corrosion paint 防蚀漆 anti-creep device 防溜装置anti-lift roller 防升滚轮anti-oxidizing paint 抗氧化漆anti-rust paint 防锈漆anti-skid chequer 防滑格纹anti-skid device 防滑装置 anti-skid dressing 防滑钢沙 anti-skid material 防滑物料 anti-slip 防滑动；防空转；防打滑 anti-static chain 抗静电链anti-static tyre 抗静电轮胎anti-stripping agent 防剥剂anti-syphonage pipe 反虹吸管anti-tip roller 防倾侧滚轮anti-vibration mounting 防震装置 anti-vibration pad 防震垫 anvil 铁砧 aperture 隙缝；孔口 apex 顶尖 apparatus 仪器；装置；器具；器材appliance 用具；装置；设备applied covering 外加掩盖物applied load 外施荷载 approach 进路；引道；接驳道路；引桥 approach channel 进港航道；引渠 approach ramp 引道坡 approach road 引道；进路approach speed 来车速度approach taper 楔形引道路段approach viaduct 高架引道approved material 经批准的物料approved plan 经批准的图则 appurtenance 附属物 apron 跳板；护板；停机坪 arc 电弧 arc contact 电弧触点 arc runner 电弧滚环 arc welding 电弧焊接arch 拱；弓形；拱门architect 建筑师；则师architectural decoration 建筑装饰 architectural projection 建筑上的伸出物 area traffic control system 区域交通掌握系统 argon arc welding 氩气焊 armature 电枢 arrangement 排列；布置 arresting assembly 止动装置 arterial highway 干线道路arterial traffic 干线交通 article of agreement 合约细则artificial lighting 人工照明as-built drawing 竣工图则as-constructed drawing 竣工图则 asbestos abatement works 石棉拆除工程 asbestos cement 石棉水泥 asbestos gasket 石棉垫片 ash pit 排渣槽；灰坑 asphalt 沥青 asphalt distributor 沥青喷洒机 asphalt paver 沥青摊铺机 asphalt roofing 沥青屋面 asphaltic coating 沥青涂层 asphaltic concrete 沥青混凝土 aspirator 吸气器 assemblage 组合物 assembly 装置；组合 assessment 评估 associated works 相关工程；相关设施at-grade pedestrian crossing 地面行人过路处at-grade signal controlled junction 交通灯掌握地面路口atmospheric distillation 常压蒸馏 atmospheric pressure 大气压力；常压 atmospheric temperature 常温 atomization air fan 雾化空气风扇 attachment 附件；附属物 attenuation 衰减 audible signal 音响讯号 audible warning 音响警号 authorities 权限 authority 主管当局 authorized officer 获授权人员 authorized person 获授权人；认可人士；核准人士 authorized works 获授权进行的工程；批准进行的工程 automatic (spark) ignition device 自动(火花)点火装置 automatic control switch 自动掌握开关automatic operation 自动操作automatic release 自动脱扣 automatic voltage regulator 自动调压器 automatic weather station 自动气象站 automation equipment 自动化设备 auxiliary control panel 帮助掣板 auxiliary equipment 帮助设备 auxiliary feedwater pump 帮助给水泵 auxiliary feedwater tank 帮助给水箱 auxiliary plant 帮助厂房 auxiliary system 帮助系统 auxiliary water pump 帮助水泵 average compressive stress 平均压应力 average strength 平均强度 axial fan 轴流式风扇 axial force 轴向力 axial load 轴向载重；轴向荷载 axial stress 轴向应力 axle bearing 车轴轴承(车轴啤令) back-fire 逆火 back-up area 后勤地区；帮助埸地backfill 回填；回填土backfill material 回填物料background noise 本底噪声；背景噪声 backing plate 垫板；背板baffle 隔板；挡板 baffle plate 遮挡板 baffle wall 遮挡墙 balance tank 调整池；均衡槽 balance weight 平衡锤 balanced load 平衡载重balancer 平冲器 balancing pipeline 平衡水管 balcony 露台 ball bearing 滚珠轴承 ball valve 浮球阀；球形阀；波阀 ball-and-socket joint 球窝接头 ballast 道碴bamboo scaffolding 竹枝棚架 band brake 带式制动器 band clamp 带夹 banshee alarm 尖啸警报 bar 铁枝；杆；巴(压力气单位) bar tendon 钢筋 barging area 驳运地点 barrack 营房 barrel 管筒；芯管 barrette 方形桩 barricade 路障；障碍物barrier 栏栅；护栏；障碍物；屏障 barrier block 路障 barrier gate 路闸 barrier plate 阻挡板 base 基座 base course 路面下层；承重层；路基层 base frame 基架 base insulator 基架绝缘器 base plate 底板；垫板 base sealing 底部密封胶 base slab 平底板 base support 底座支架 baseline 基线；底线；基准线 baseline programme 基线方案basement 地库；地窖；地下室 batching plant 混凝土混和机；配料厂batter pile 斜桩battery 蓄电池battery acid level 电池酸位battery cell volt 蓄电池电压 battery charger 电池充电器 battery electric locomotive 电力机车battery electrolyte 电池电解液battery-powered device 电池推动装置 beacon 闪光指示灯 bead 焊珠beam 横梁 bearing 支座；支承；承座；轴承(啤令)；方向角 bearing capacity 承载力 bearing force 承重力量；承载力量 bearing pad 支承垫片；承重垫片 bearing pile 支承桩 bearing pin 支承栓钉 bearing plate 支承垫板 bearing stress 支承应力 bearing surface 支承面bedding 底层；层理 bedplate 座板 bedrock 基层岩 behaviour 性能；状况 Belisha beacon 斑马线灯；黄波灯 bellow pot 气囊；气囊筒 belt 带；皮带 belt conveyor 带式输送机 belt guard 皮带护罩 belt tension 皮带拉力bend 弯角；弯位；路弯；弯管 bending force 弯曲力 bending stress 弯曲应力 Benkelman beam test 贝克曼梁试验 bentonite 膨润土；膨土岩 berm channel 斜水平台渠 berth 停靠处；碇泊位 bevel 斜角；斜面 bias 偏移 bill of quantities 工料清单 binder 黏合料 bit 钻头 ...。
外国建筑史名词解释(精简)
外国建筑史名词解释(精简)
1. Palladianism：潘拉迪亚主义，是一种16世纪意大利建筑风格，由建筑师安东尼·潘拉迪亚(Andrea Palladio)创立，以古罗马建筑为基础，融合古希腊建筑元素，以及维罗纳河谷的农场和庄园为特色。
2. Baroque：巴洛克，17世纪欧洲建筑风格，其特点是夸张、繁复、华丽、富有表现力的建筑结构。
3. Gothic：哥特式，是一种中世纪欧洲建筑风格，以其独特的拱门、尖塔、尖顶窗及精美的装饰性雕刻而闻名。
4. Neoclassical：新古典主义，是18世纪欧洲建筑风格，以古希腊和古罗马建筑风格为基础，融入现代建筑技术和装饰性元素，形成一种独特的建筑风格。
建史名词中英文对照
建史名词中英文对照中国古代建筑宫 palace,temple殿 hall厅 hall 又称“堂”室 room房 house亭 pavilion台 platform坛 altar楼 storied building阁 pavilion廊 colonnade榭 pavilion on terrace水榭 waterside pavilion轩 windowed veranda民居 folk house四合院 courtyard house寨 stockaded village舫 boat house阙 que, watchtower牌楼 pailou, decorated gateway华表 huabiao, ornamental pillar塔 pagoda硬山 flush gable roof悬山 overhanging gable roof歇山 gable and hip roof庑殿 hip roof四阿 hip roof卷棚 round ridge roof重檐 double eave roof攒尖 pyramidal roof园攒尖 round pavilion roof 大木 wooden structure大式 wooden frame with dougong小式 wooden frame without dougong大木作 carpentry work小木作 joinery work抬梁式构架 post and lintel construction穿斗式构架 column and tie construction井干式构架 log cabin construction檐柱 eave column金柱 hypostyle column内槽柱 hypostyle column 唐代术语内柱 hypostyle column 宋代术语山柱 center column角柱 corner column 唐、宋术语瓜柱 short column脊瓜柱 king post蜀柱 king post 宋代术语雷公柱 suspended column帐杆 suspended column 宋代术语侧脚 cejiao 宋代术语卷杀 entasis梭柱 shuttle-shaped column 宋代术语角背 bracket由戗 inverted V-shaped brace叉手 chashou, inverted V-shaped brace 宋代术语柁墩 wooden pier驼峰 tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport 宋代术语梁 beam袱 beam 宋代术语月梁 crescent beam三架梁 3-purlin beam平梁 3-purlin beam 宋代术语四架梁 4-purlin beam五架梁 5-purlin beam四椽袱 5-purlin beam 宋代术语六架梁 6-purlin beam七架梁 7-purlin beam六椽袱 7-purlin beam 宋代术语九架梁 9-purlin beam八椽袱 9-purlin beam 宋代术语单步梁 one-step cross beam双步梁 two-step cross beam挑尖梁 main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱 rufu, beam tie 宋代术语抱头梁 baotou beam穿插枋 penetrating tie角梁 hip rafer（木行） purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩 purlin (used without dougong) 小式抟 purlin 宋代术语脊（木行） ridged purlin 大式脊檩 ridged purlin 小式脊抟 ridged purlin 宋代术语金（木行） intermediate purlin 大式金檩 intermediate purlin 小式上中平抟 intermediate purlin 宋代术语老檐（木行） purlin on hypostyle 大、小式，宋代术语正心（木行） eave purlin 大式檐檩 eave purlin 小式下平抟 eave purlin 宋代术语额枋 architrave(used with dougong) 大式檐枋 architrave(used with dougong) 小式阑额 architrave 宋代术语由额垫板 cushion board 大式檐垫板 cushion board 小式枋 tiebeam脊枋 ridge tiebeam上金枋 upper purlin tiebeam 下金枋 lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋 eave tiebeam 大式，指檐口构造檐枋 eave tiebeam 小式，指檐口构造顶椽 top rafter脑椽 upper rafter花架椽 intermediate rafter檐椽 eave rafter飞檐椽 flying rafter飞子 flying rafter 宋代术语连檐 eave edging瓦口 tile edging颔版 tile edging 宋代术语举架 raising the purlin举析 raising the purlin 宋代术语步架 horizontal spacing between purlins 材 cai栔 qi分 fen斗口 doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱 dougong,bracket set斗 dou, bracket set升 block with cross mortise大斗 cap block栌斗 cap block 宋代术语拱 gong,bracketarm翘 flower arm, petal华拱 flower arm 宋代术语昂 ang,lever槽升子 center block齐心斗 center block 宋代术语三才升 small block十八斗 connection block交互斗 connection block 宋代术语正心拱 axial bracket arm泥道拱 axial bracket arm 宋代术语瓜拱 oval arm瓜子拱 oval arm 宋代术语万拱 long arm慢拱 long arm 宋代术语厢拱 regular arm令拱 regular arm 宋代术语单材拱 outer-side bracket arm撑头 small tie-beam枋 small tie-beam 宋代术语耍头 nose攒 set of bracket柱头科 bracket set on columns柱头铺作 bracket set on columns 宋代术语平身科 bracket sets between columns补间铺作 bracket sets between columns 宋代术语角科 bracket set on corner转角铺作 bracket set on corner 宋代术语出 extension of bracket出跳 extension of bracket 宋代术语cai跳 tiao 宋代术语雀替 sparrow brace搏缝板 gable eave board搏缝版 gable eave board 宋代术语木装修 joiner's work外檐装修 exterior finish work内檐装修 interior finish work框槛 door frame槛 stud抱框 jamb on door or window格栅 partition door抹头 window stool棂子 grill 裙板 panel槛窗 sill wall window榻板 window sill支摘窗 removable window门枕 door bearing门簪 decorative cylinder门跋 door knocker门钉 decorative nails on door leaf 门枕石 bearing stone抱鼓石 drum-shaped bearing stone天花 ceiling帽儿梁 lattice framing支条 lattice framing井口天花 compartment ceiling海墁天花 flat ceiling藻井 caisson ceiling罩 shelf龛 niche博古架 antique shelf瓦石作 masonry檐墙 eave wall廊墙 partition wall扇面墙 horizontal partition wall隔断墙 vertical partition wall槛墙 sill wall樨头 gable wall head挑檐石 cantilever stone on eave五花山墙 stepped gable wall拔磉 corbel, hanging over叠涩 corbel, hanging over 宋代术语角柱石 corner pier阶条石 rectangular stone slab压阑石 rectangular stone slab 宋代术语台阶 steps踏道 steps 宋代术语踏垛 step踏 step 宋代术语斗板石 intermediate pier垂带 drooping belt stone副子 drooping belt stone 宋代术语象眼 triangular space御路 yulu, imperial path羌差 ramp须弥座 xumizuo圭角 guijiao上枋 upper fillet and fascia下枋 lower fillet and fascia上袅 upper cyma, recta下袅 lower cyma, reversa束腰 suyao钩栏 balustrade 宋代术语单钩栏 single frieze balustrade 宋代术语垂台钩栏 double frieze balustrade望柱 baluster望柱头 baluster capital栏版 frieze panel华版 frieze panel地伏 plinth stone寻杖 handrail 宋代术语柱顶石 capital stone柱础 column base踬 zhi碑碣 stone tablet赑屃 bixi, stone turtle 宋及宋前术语趺 fu, stone turtle 清代术语石像生 stone animal石人 stone human statue筒瓦 round tile 板瓦 flat tile青瓦 black tile脊瓦 ridge tile琉璃瓦 glazed roof tile勾头 eave tile滴水 drip tile瓦当 tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻 zhengwen鸱尾 chiwei 宋及宋前术语正脊 main ridge垂脊 diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof 戗脊 diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊 horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人 celestial being走兽 animal砖雕 brick carving彩画 colored pattern, colored drawing苏式彩画 Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画 tangent circle pattern和玺彩画 dragons pattern天花彩画 ceiling pattern箍头 end portion of painted beam藻头 intermediate portion of painted beam枋心 central portion of painted beam点金 gold pointing退晕 color change沥粉 embossed painting贴金 gold foil painting外国古代建筑及构造金字塔 pyramid方尖碑 obelisk牌门楼 pylon莲花式柱 lotus column纸草花式柱 papyrus column棕榈叶式柱 palm column塔庙 ziggurat列柱围廊式 peristyle山花 pediment多立克柱式 Doric order伊奥尼亚柱式 Ionic order 曾用名“爱奥尼亚柱式”。
中外建筑史名词中英文对照
外国建筑史名词中英文对照金字塔 pyramid方尖碑 obelisk牌门楼 pylon莲花式柱 lotus column纸草花式柱 papyrus column棕榈叶式柱 palm column塔庙 ziggurat列柱围廊式 peristyle山花 pediment多立克柱式 Doric order伊奥尼亚柱式 Ionic order 曾用名“爱奥尼亚柱式”。
科林斯柱式 Corinthian order檐口 cornice檐部entablature檐壁 frieze额枋 architrave柱头 capital柱身 column shaft槽沟 flute圆底线脚 torus柱基 plinth台基 stylobate输水道 aqueduct万神庙 pantheon凯旋门 triumphal arch角斗场 colosseum广场 forum托斯卡柱式 Tuscan order门廊 potch,portico小穹顶 cupola平嵌线 reglet主穹顶 main dome半穹顶 semi dome帆拱 pendentive会堂 basilica中厅 central nave侧廊 aisle半圆形壁龛 apse袖廊 transept柱廊 colonnade神坛 altar拱廊 atcade壁上拱廊 blind arcade塔楼 turret玫瑰窗 rose window扶壁 buttress尖顶 pinnacle滴水兽 gargoyle顶端饰 finial花色窗棂 tracery四叶饰 quatrefoil五叶饰 cinquefoil府邸 mansion,palazzo鼓座 drum采光塔 lantern小侧窗 bulleye window涡卷装饰 cartouche宣礼塔 minaret 圣龛 mihrab,prayer niche讲坛 mimbar,pulpit拱式 vault type筒拱 barrel vault棱拱 groin vault肋骨拱 rib bed vault星形拱 stellar vault网状拱 reticulated vault扇形拱 fan vault倒槽式拱 trough vault钟乳拱 stalactite vault券式 arch type半圆券 semicircular arch尖券 pointed arch弧形券 segmental arch葱花券 ogee arch马蹄券 horseshoe arch交角券 squinch穹式 dome type半球形穹顶 semespherical dome葱花穹顶 ogee dome方穹顶 square dome阿拉伯花饰 arabesque阿拉伯式柱头 Arabian capital中国古建史名词中英文对照1、中国古代建筑及构造宫 palace,temple殿 hall 厅 hall 又称“堂”室 room 房 house亭 pavilion阁 pavilion榭 pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion台 platform坛 altar楼 storied building廊 colonnade轩 windowed veranda民居 folk house四合院 courtyard house寨 stockaded village舫 boat house阙 que, watchtower牌楼 pailou, decorated gateway华表 huabiao, ornamental pillar塔 pagoda硬山 flush gable roof悬山 overhanging gable roof歇山 gable and hip roof庑殿 hip roof四阿 hip roof卷棚 round ridge roof重檐 double eave roof攒尖 pyramidal roof园攒尖 round pavilion roof大木 wooden structure大式 wooden frame with dougong小式 wooden frame without dougong 大木作 carpentry work小木作 joinery work抬梁式构架 post and lintel construction穿斗式构架 column and tie construction井干式构架 log cabin construction檐柱 eave column金柱 hypostyle column内槽柱 hypostyle column 唐代术语内柱hypostyle column 宋代术语山柱 center column角柱 corner column 唐、宋术语瓜柱 short column脊瓜柱 king post蜀柱 king post 宋代术语雷公柱 suspended column帐杆 suspended column 宋代术语侧脚 cejiao 宋代术语卷杀 entasis梭柱 shuttle-shaped column 宋代术语角背 bracket由戗 inverted V-shaped brace叉手 chashou, inverted V-shaped brace 宋代术语柁墩 wooden pier梁 beam驼峰 tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport 宋代术语袱 beam 宋代术语月梁 crescent beam三架梁 3-purlin beam平梁 3-purlin beam 宋代术语四架梁 4-purlin beam五架梁 5-purlin beam四椽袱 5-purlin beam 宋代术语六架梁 6-purlin beam七架梁 7-purlin beam六椽袱 7-purlin beam 宋代术语九架梁 9-purlin beam八椽袱 9-purlin beam 宋代术语单步梁 one-step cross beam双步梁 two-step cross beam挑尖梁 main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱 rufu, beam tie 宋代术语抱头梁 baotou beam穿插枋 penetrating tie角梁 hip rafer（木行） purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩 purlin (used without dougong) 小式抟 purlin 宋代术语脊（木行） ridged purlin 大式脊檩 ridged purlin 小式脊抟 ridged purlin 宋代术语金（木行） intermediate purlin 大式金檩 intermediate purlin 小式上中平抟 intermediate purlin 宋代术语老檐（木行） purlin on hypostyle 大、小式，宋代术语正心（木行） eave purlin 大式檐檩 eave purlin 小式下平抟 eave purlin 宋代术语额枋 architrave(used with dougong) 大式檐枋 architrave(used with dougong) 小式阑额 architrave 宋代术语由额垫板 cushion board 大式檐垫板 cushion board 小式枋 tiebeam脊枋 ridge tiebeam上金枋 upper purlin tiebeam下金枋 lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋 eave tiebeam 大式，指檐口构造檐枋 eave tiebeam 小式，指檐口构造顶椽 top rafter脑椽 upper rafter花架椽 intermediate rafter檐椽 eave rafter飞檐椽 flying rafter飞子 flying rafter 宋代术语连檐 eave edging瓦口 tile edging颔版 tile edging 宋代术语举架 raising the purlin举析 raising the purlin 宋代术语步架 horizontal spacing between purlins材 cai 栔 qi 分 fen斗口 doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱 dougong,bracket set斗 dou, bracket set升 block with cross mortise大斗 cap block栌斗 cap block 宋代术语拱 gong,bracketarm翘 flower arm, petal华拱 flower arm 宋代术语昂 ang,lever槽升子 center block齐心斗 center block 宋代术语三才升 small block十八斗 connection block交互斗 connection block 宋代术语正心拱 axial bracket arm泥道拱 axial bracket arm 宋代术语瓜拱 oval arm瓜子拱 oval arm 宋代术语万拱 long arm慢拱 long arm 宋代术语厢拱 regular arm令拱 regular arm 宋代术语单材拱 outer-side bracket arm撑头 small tie-beam枋 small tie-beam 宋代术语耍头 nose攒 set of bracket柱头科 bracket set on columns 柱头铺作 bracket set on columns 宋代术语平身科 bracket sets between columns 补间铺作 bracket sets between columns 宋代术语角科 bracket set on corner 转角铺作 bracket set on corner 宋代术语出 extension of bracket 出跳 extension of bracket 宋代术语才cai 跳 tiao 宋代术语雀替 sparrow brace搏缝板 gable eave board搏缝版 gable eave board 宋代术语木装修 joiner's work外檐装修 exterior finish work 内檐装修 interior finish work框槛 door frame槛 stud抱框 jamb on door or window 格栅 partition door抹头 window stool棂子 grill裙板 panel槛窗 sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗 removable window门枕 door bearing门簪 decorative cylinder门跋 door knocker门钉 decorative nails on door leaf门枕石 bearing stone抱鼓石 drum-shaped bearing stone天花 ceiling帽儿梁 lattice framing支条 lattice framing井口天花 compartment ceiling海墁天花 flat ceiling藻井 caisson ceiling罩 shelf龛 niche博古架 antique shelf瓦石作 masonry檐墙 eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙 horizontal partition wall 隔断墙 vertical partition wall槛墙 sill wall樨头 gable wall head挑檐石 cantilever stone on eave五花山墙 stepped gable wall拔磉 corbel, hanging over叠涩 corbel, hanging over 宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石 rectangular stone slab压阑石 rectangular stone slab 宋代术语台阶 steps踏道 steps 宋代术语踏垛 step踏 step 宋代术语斗板石 intermediate pier垂带 drooping belt stone副子 drooping belt stone 宋代术语象眼 triangular space御路 yulu, imperial path 羌差 ramp须弥座 xumizu圭角 guijiao上枋 upper fillet and fascia下枋 lower fillet and fascia上袅 upper cyma, recta 下袅 lower cyma, reversa束腰 suyao钩栏 balustrade 宋代术语单钩栏 single frieze balustrade 宋代术语垂台钩栏 double frieze balustrade望柱 baluster望柱头 baluster capital栏版 frieze panel华版 frieze panel地伏 plinth stone寻杖 handrail 宋代术语柱顶石 capital stone柱础 column base踬 zhi碑碣 stone tablet屃 bixi, stone turtle 宋及宋前术语趺 fu, stone turtle 清代术语石像生 stone animal石人 stone human statue筒瓦 round tile板瓦 flat tile青瓦 black tile脊瓦 ridge tile琉璃瓦 glazed roof tile勾头 eave tile滴水 drip tile瓦当 tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻 zhengwen鸱尾 chiwei 宋及宋前术语正脊 main ridge垂脊 diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof戗脊 diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊 horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof 仙人 celestial being走兽 animal砖雕 brick carving彩画 colored pattern, colored drawing苏式彩画 Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画 tangent circle pattern和玺彩画 dragons pattern天花彩画ceiling pattern箍头 end portion of painted beam藻头 intermediate portion of painted beam枋心 central portion of painted beam点金 gold pointing退晕 color change沥粉 embossed painting。
中外建筑史名词解释
中外建筑史名词解释建筑作为人类文明的重要组成部分，随着历史的发展，涌现出许多独特的建筑风格和技术术语。
本文将对中外建筑史中的一些重要名词进行解释，旨在帮助读者更好地理解建筑史的发展与演变。
一、巴洛克式建筑（Baroque Architecture）巴洛克式建筑起源于意大利，并在17世纪后期至18世纪中期达到巅峰。
它以装饰华丽、曲线繁复、造型流畅为特征，追求视觉冲击力和戏剧性效果。
典型的巴洛克建筑包括圆顶教堂、镀金雕塑和壮丽的宫殿。
二、哥特式建筑（Gothic Architecture）哥特式建筑起源于法国，盛行于12世纪至15世纪。
它以尖拱形和飞扶壁为特点，强调垂直线条和空间感。
哥特式建筑常见于教堂和大教堂，如巴黎圣母院和威斯敏斯特教堂。
三、殖民地建筑（Colonial Architecture）殖民地建筑是指欧洲殖民者在其殖民地地区兴建的建筑物。
这种建筑风格常见于美洲、非洲和亚洲的殖民地，混合了殖民者的传统建筑风格和当地文化特色。
殖民地建筑通常具有较简洁的设计和防御性结构，如美洲的西班牙殖民建筑和印度的英国殖民建筑。
四、瓦尔哈拉（Valhalla）瓦尔哈拉是北欧神话中的一座宏伟宫殿，被认为是战死英雄灵魂的归宿。
瓦尔哈拉的建筑风格受到古代北欧和凯尔特文化的影响，通常采用木结构和长方形平面布局。
该词汇也常用于形容壮丽的建筑或宏伟的结构。
五、回廊（Colonnade）回廊是指由一排连续的柱子或立柱组成的有屋顶的通道。
回廊通常位于建筑物的外部或内部，为人们提供遮荫和通风的场所。
回廊在古代希腊和罗马建筑中常见，如帕特农神庙和古罗马竞技场。
六、窗洞（Oculus）窗洞是指建筑物上的圆形或椭圆形开口，通常用于教堂、穹顶或圆顶等建筑元素中。
窗洞的设计可以增加自然光线进入建筑内部，并且在艺术上起到装饰效果。
典型的窗洞建筑包括罗马巴拿马竞技场和法国圣心大教堂。
七、扶壁（Flying Buttress）扶壁是哥特式建筑中常见的结构元素，用于支撑建筑物的外墙和穹顶。
古建筑名词-中英对照
古建筑名词-中英对照信人: tjr99 (颐养), 信区: DESIGNPHD标题: 中国古代建筑及构造英文翻译发信站: 未建成BBS (Sun Mar 11 20:43:56 2007), 站内（全国自然科学名词审定委员会1996年公布）中国古代建筑及构造宫palace，temple殿hall厅hall又称「堂」室room房house亭pavilion台platform坛altar楼storied building*阁pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion轩windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que，watchtower牌楼pailou，decorated gateway 华表huabiao，ornamental pillar 塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong 大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 穿斗式构架column and tie construction 井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语内柱hypostyle column宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace*手chashou，inverted V-shaped brace宋代术语柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng，camel-hump shaped support宋代术语梁beam栿beam宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽栿5-purlin beam宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽栿7-purlin beam宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽栿9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳栿rufu，beam tie宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer桁purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩purlin (used without dougong) 小式槫purlin宋代术语脊桁ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purlin小式脊槫ridged purlin宋代术语金桁intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平槫intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐桁purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心桁eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平槫eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushion board大式檐垫板cushion board小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter*花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins 材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou，mortise of cap block斗拱dougong，bracket set斗dou，bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block宋代术语拱gong，bracketarm翘flower arm，petal华拱flower arm宋代术语昂ang，lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns宋代术语角科bracket set on corner转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代术语跴cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版gable eave board宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work 框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window 格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf 门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone 天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall 隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel，hanging over叠涩corbel，hanging over宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代术语象眼triangular space御路yulu，imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma，recta下袅lower cyma，reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital stone柱础column base踬zhi碑碣stone tablet*屃bixi，stone turtle宋及宋前术语趺fu，stone turtle清代术语石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile 脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾头eave tile滴水drip tile瓦当tile end，eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof，vertical ridge for gable roof戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走兽animal砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern，colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画 dragons pattern天花彩画 ceiling pattern箍头 end portion of painted beam藻头intermediate portion of painted beam 枋心central portion of painted beam点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting 贴金gold foil painting。
古建筑名词_中英对照
信人: tjr99 (颐养), 信区: DESIGNPHD标题: 中国古代建筑及构造英文翻译发信站: 未建成BBS (Sun Mar 11 20:43:56 2007), 站内（全国自然科学名词审定委员会1996年公布）中国古代建筑及构造宫palace，temple殿hall厅hall又称「堂」室room房house亭pavilion台platform坛altar楼storied building*阁pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion轩windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que，watchtower牌楼pailou，decorated gateway华表huabiao，ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 穿斗式构架column and tie construction 井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语内柱hypostyle column宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace*手chashou，inverted V-shaped brace宋代术语柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng，camel-hump shaped support宋代术语梁beam栿beam宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽栿5-purlin beam宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽栿7-purlin beam宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽栿9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳栿rufu，beam tie宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer桁purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩purlin (used without dougong) 小式槫purlin宋代术语脊桁ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purlin小式脊槫ridged purlin宋代术语金桁intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平槫intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐桁purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心桁eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平槫eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushion board大式檐垫板cushion board小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter*花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou，mortise of cap block 斗拱dougong，bracket set斗dou，bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block宋代术语拱gong，bracketarm翘flower arm，petal华拱flower arm宋代术语昂ang，lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose 攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns宋代术语角科bracket set on corner转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代术语跴cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版gable eave board宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf 门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone 天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel，hanging over叠涩corbel，hanging over宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代术语象眼triangular space御路yulu，imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma，recta下袅lower cyma，reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital stone柱础column base踬zhi碑碣stone tablet*屃bixi，stone turtle宋及宋前术语趺fu，stone turtle清代术语石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile 脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾头eave tile滴水drip tile瓦当tile end，eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof，vertical ridge for gable roof 戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走兽animal砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern，colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画 dragons pattern天花彩画 ceiling pattern箍头 end portion of painted beam藻头intermediate portion of painted beam 枋心central portion of painted beam点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting贴金gold foil painting。
中外建筑史中英互译
• 西方宫殿
以单体建筑的宏伟豪华见长
• Western palace Grand grows perceptibly luxuriously by the monomer construction
二 中国宫殿
China Palace
• 朝代的更替 • 国力的盛衰 • 首都的迁移
Dynasty change National strength rise and fall
• 原因: 汉民族文化宽容，内向，保守 受外来文化影响不大但强烈影响了周边国家
Reasons: Han Chinese culture of tolerance, introverted, conservative, but not subject to external cultural influences strongly affect the neighboring countries
西方宫殿 Western Palace
• 古罗马帝国皇宫 Roman Empire Palace 罗马市中心 Rome city center 巴拉丁山 Palestinian Latin mountain
• 法国 巴黎 凡尔赛宫 (皇宫) • France Paris Versailles Palace (imperial palace)
始建于1661年
厅长76米，宽10米，高13 米。镜厅墙壁上镶有17面 巨大的镜子，每面镜子由 483块镜片组成，透过窗户 可以将凡尔赛宫后花园的 美景尽收眼底。 洛可可式建筑风格，于18 世纪20年代产生于法国， 在巴洛克建筑基础上发展 起来，主要表现在室内装 饰上
Rococo architectural style, produced in the 1720s in France, devel oped in the Baroque construction foundation, mainly displayed in the interior decoration
建筑词汇英汉对照
建筑词汇英汉对照A log 原木(65)acceptable quality 合格质量log timberstructure 原木结构(64)acceptance lot 验收批量long term rigidity of member 构件长期刚度(32) longitude horizontal bracing 纵向水平支撑(5)admixture 外加剂longitudinal steel bar 纵向钢筋(35)against slip coefficient between friction surface of high-strength bolted connec tion 高强度螺栓摩擦面抗滑移系数longitudinal stiffener 纵向加劲肋(53) aggregate 骨料longitudinal weld 纵向焊缝(60)air content 含气量losses of prestress …预应力损失(33)air-dried timber 气干材lump material 块体(42)allowable ratio of height to sectional thickness of masonry wall or column 砌体墙、柱容许高厚比Mallowable slenderness ratio of steel member 钢构件容许长细比main axis 强轴(56)allowable slenderness ratio of timber compression member 受压木构件容许长细比main beam·主梁(6)allowable stress range of fatigue 疲劳容许应力幅major axis 强轴(56) allowable ultimate tensile strain of reinforcement 钢筋拉应变限值manual welding 手工焊接(59)allowable value of crack width 裂缝宽度容许值manufacture control 生产控制(22) allowable value of deflection of structural member 构件挠度容许值map cracking 龟裂(39)allowable value of deflection of timber bending member 受弯木构件挠度容许值masonry 砌体(17)allowable value of deformation of steel member 钢构件变形容许值masonry lintel 砖过梁(43)allowable value of deformation of structural member 构件变形容许值masonry member 无筋砌体构件(41)allowable value of drift angle of earthquake resistant structure 抗震结构层间位移角限值masonry units 块体(43)amplified coefficient of eccentricity 偏心距增大系数masonry—concrete structure 砖混结构(¨)anchorage 锚具masonry—timber structure 砖木结构(11)anchorage length of steel bar 钢筋锚固长度mechanical properties of materials·材料力学性能(17)approval analysis during construction stage 施工阶段验算melt—thru 烧穿(62) arch 拱method of sampling 抽样方法(23)arch with tie rod 拉捍拱minimum strength class of masonry 砌体材料最低强度等级(47)arch—shaped roof truss 拱形屋架minor axls·弱轴(56)area of shear plane 剪面面积mix ratio of mortar 砂浆配合比(48)area of transformed section 换算截面面积mixing water 拌合水(27)aseismic design 建筑抗震设计modified coefficient for allowable ratio of height to sectionalthickness of maso nry wall 砌体墙容许高厚比修正系数(47)assembled monolithic concrete structure 装配整体式混凝土结构modified coefficient of flexural strength for timber curved mem—弧形木构件抗弯强度修正系数(68)automatic welding 自动焊接modulus of elasticity of concrete 混凝土弹性模量(30)auxiliary steel bar 架立钢筋modulus of elasticity parellel to grain 顺纹弹性模量(66)B moisture content 含水率(66)backfilling plate 垫板moment modified factor 弯矩调幅系数balanced depth of compression zone 界限受压区高度monitor frame 天窗架balanced eccentricity 界限偏心距mortar 砂浆bar splice 钢筋接头multi—defence system of earthquake—resistant building·多道设防抗震建筑bark pocket 夹皮multi—tube supported suspended structure 多筒悬挂结构batten plate 缀板Nbeam 次梁nailed joint 钉连接，bearing plane of notch 齿承压面(67) net height 净高lbearing plate 支承板(52) net span 净跨度bearing stiffener 支承加劲肋(52) net water／cementratio 净水灰比bent-up steel bar 弯起钢筋(35) non-destructive inspection of weld 焊缝无损检验block 砌块(43) non-destructive test 非破损检验block masonry 砌块砌体(44) non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙block masonry structure 砌块砌体结构(41) non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱blow hole 气孔(62)non—uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforceme nt 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数board 板材(65) normal concrete 普通混凝土bolt 螺栓(54) normal section 正截面bolted connection (钢结构)螺栓连接(59) notch and tooth joint 齿连接bolted joint (木结构)螺栓连接(69) number of sampling 抽样数量bolted steel structure 螺栓连接钢结构(50) Obonded prestressed concrete structure 有粘结预应力混凝土结构(24)obligue section 斜截面bow 顺弯(71) oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝brake member 制动构件(7)one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab…… 单向板breadth of wall between windows 窗间墙宽度(46) open web roof truss 空腹屋架，brick masonry 砖砌体(44) ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28)brick masonry column 砖砌体柱(42) ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29)brick masonry structure 砖砌体结构(41) orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝(61) brick masonry wall 砖砌体墙(42) outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57) broad—leaved wood 阔叶树材(65) outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57)building structural materials 建筑结构材料(17)over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58) building structural unit 建筑结构单元( overlap 焊瘤(62)building structure 建筑结构(2 overturning or slip resistance analys is 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10)built—up steel column 格构式钢柱(51 Pbundled tube structure 成束筒结构(3 padding plate 垫板(52)burn—through 烧穿(62 partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(61)butt connection 对接(59 partition 非承重墙(7)butt joint 对接(70) penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60)butt weld 对接焊缝(60) percentage of reinforcement 配筋率(34)C perforated brick 多孔砖(43)calculating area of compression member 受压构件计算面积(67) pilastered wall带壁柱墙(42)calculating overturning point 计算倾覆点(46) pit·凹坑(62)calculation of load-carrying capacity of member 构件承载能力计算(10) pith 髓心(?o)camber of structural member 结构构件起拱(22) plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24)cantilever beam 挑梁(42) plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32)cap of reinforced concrete column 钢筋混凝土柱帽(27) plane structure 平面结构(11)carbonation of concrete 混凝土碳化(30) plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5)cast-in—situ concrete slab column structure 现浇板柱结构plank 板材(65)cast-in—situ concrete structure 现浇混凝土结构(25)plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58)cavitation 孔洞(39) plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56)cavity wall 空斗墙(42) plastic hinge·塑性铰(13)cement 水泥(27)plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数(34)cement content 水泥含量(38) plate—like space frame 干板型网架(5)cement mortar 水泥砂浆(43) plate—like space truss 平板型网架(5) characteriseic value of live load on floor or roof 楼面、屋面活荷载标准值(14) plug weld 塞焊缝(60)characteristi c value o fwindload 风荷载标准值(16) plywood 胶合板(65) characteristic value of concrete compressive strength 混凝土轴心抗压强度标准值(30) plywood structure 胶合板结构(64)characteristic value of concrete tensile strength 混凝土轴心抗拉标准值(30) pockmark 麻面(39)characteristic value of cubic concrete compressive strength 混凝土立方体抗压强度标准值(29) polygonal top-chord roof truss 多边形屋架(4)characteristic value of earthquake action 地震作用标准值(16) post—tensioned prestressed concrete structure 后张法预应力混凝土结构(24) characteristic value of horizontal crane load 吊车水平荷载标准值(15)precast reinforced concrete member 预制混凝土构件(26)characteristic value of masonry strength 砌体强度标准值(44)prefabricated concrete structure 装配式混凝土结构(25)characteristic value of permanent action·永久作用标准值(14) presetting time 初凝时间(38)characteristic value of snowload 雪荷载标准值(15)prestressed concrete structure 预应力混凝土结构(24)characteristic value of strength of steel 钢材强度标准值(55)prestressed steel structure 预应力钢结构(50)characteristic value of strength of steel bar 钢筋强度标准值(31)prestressed tendon 预应力筋<29)characteristic value of uniformly distributed live load 均布活标载标准值(14) pre—tensioned prestressed concrete structure·先张法预应力混凝土结构(24) characteristic value of variable action 可变作用标准值(14) primary control 初步控制(22)characteristic value of vertical crane load 吊车竖向荷载标准值(15)production control 生产控制(22)charaeteristic value of material strength 材料强度标准值(18)properties of fresh concrete 可塑混凝土性能(37)checking section of log structural member·，原木构件计算截面(67)properties of hardened concrete 硬化混凝土性能(38)chimney 烟囱(3) property of building structural materials 建筑结构材料性能(17) circular double—layer suspended cable 圆形双层悬索(6) purlin“—””—檩条(4) circular single—layer suspended cable 圆形单层悬索(6) Qcircumferential weld 环形焊缝(60) qlue timber structurer 胶合木结构(㈠) classfication for earthquake—resistance of buildings·建筑结构抗震设防类别(9) quality grade of structural timber 木材质量等级(?0)clear height 净高(21) quality grade of weld 焊缝质量级别(61)clincher 扒钉(?0) quality inspection of bolted connection 螺栓连接质量检验(63) coefficient of equivalent bending moment of eccentrically loaded steel memhe r(beam-column) 钢压弯构件等效弯矩系数(58) quality inspection of masonry 砌体质量检验(48)cold bend inspection of steelbar 冷弯试验(39)quality inspection of riveted connection 铆钉连接质量检验(63)cold drawn bar 冷拉钢筋(28)quasi—permanent value of live load on floor or roof，楼面、屋面活荷载准永久值(15)cold drawn wire 冷拉钢丝(29) Rcold—formed thin—walled sectionsteel 冷弯薄壁型钢(53) radial check 辐裂(70) cold-formed thin-walled steel structure·… 冷弯薄壁型钢结构(50)ratio of axial compressive force to axial compressive ultimate capacity of secti on 轴压比(35)cold—rolled deformed bar 冷轧带肋钢筋(28)ratio of height to sectional thickness of wall or column 砌体墙柱高、厚比(48) column bracing 柱间支撑(7) ratio of reinforcement 配筋率(34)combination value of live load on floor or roof 楼面、屋面活荷载组合值(15) ratio of shear span to effective depth of section 剪跨比(35)compaction 密实度(37) redistribution of internal force 内力重分布(13) compliance control 合格控制(23)reducing coefficient of compressive strength in sloping grain for bolted connec tion 螺栓连接斜纹承压强度降低系数(68)composite brick masonry member 组合砖砌体构件(42)reducing coefficient of liveload 活荷载折减系数(14)composite floor system 组合楼盖(8)reducing coefficient of shearing strength for notch and tooth connection 齿连接抗剪强度降低系数(68)composite floor with profiled steel sheet 压型钢板楼板(8)regular earthquake—resistant building 规则抗震建筑(9)composite mortar 混合砂浆(43) reinforced concrete deep beam 混凝土深梁(26) composite roof truss 组合屋架(8) reinforced concrete slender beam 混凝土浅梁(26)compostle member 组合构件(8) reinforced concrete structure 钢筋混凝土结构(24)compound stirrup 复合箍筋(36) reinforced masonry structure 配筋砌体结构(41) compression member with large eccentricity·大偏心受压构件(32)reinforcement ratio 配筋率(34)compression member with small eccentricity·小偏心受压构件(32) reinforcement ratio per unit volume 体积配筋率(35)compressive strength at an angle with slope of grain 斜纹承压强度(66) relaxation of prestressed tendon 预应筋松弛(31)compressive strength perpendicular to grain 横纹承压强度(66)representative value of gravity load 重力荷载代表值(17)concentration of plastic deformation 塑性变形集中(9) resistance to abrasion 耐磨性(38)conceptual earthquake—resistant design 建筑抗震概念设计(9)resistance to freezing and thawing 抗冻融性(39)concrete 混凝土(17) resistance to water penetration·抗渗性(38)concrete column 混凝土柱(26) reveal of reinforcement 露筋(39)concrete consistence 混凝土稠度(37) right—angle filletweld 直角角焊缝(61) concrete floded—plate structure 混凝土折板结构(26) rigid analysis scheme 刚性方案(45)concrete foundation 混凝土基础(27) rigid connection 刚接(21)concrete mix ratio 混凝土配合比(38) rigid transverse wall 刚性横墙(42) concrete wall 混凝土墙(27) rigid zone 刚域(13)concrete-filled steel tubular member 钢管混凝土构件(8)rigid-elastic analysis scheme 刚弹性方案(45)conifer 针叶树材(65) rigidity of section 截面刚度(19)coniferous wood 针叶树材(65) rigidly supported continous girder 刚性支座连续梁(11)connecting plate 连接板(52) ring beam 圈梁(42)connection 连接(21) rivet 铆钉(55)connections of steel structure 钢结构连接(59) riveted connecction 铆钉连接(60) connections of timber structure 木结构连接(68) riveted steel beam 铆接钢梁(52) consistency of mortar 砂浆稠度(48) riveted steel girder 铆接钢梁(52)constant cross—section column 等截面柱(7) riveted steel structure 铆接钢结构(50)construction and examination concentrated load 施工和检修集中荷载(15)rolle rsupport 滚轴支座(51)continuous weld 连续焊缝(60) rolled steel beam 轧制型钢梁(51)core area of section 截面核芯面积(33) roof board 屋面板(3)core tube supported structure 核心筒悬挂结构(3) roof bracing system 屋架支撑系统(4)corrosion of steel bar 钢筋锈蚀(39) roof girder 屋面梁(4)coupled wall 连肢墙(12) roof plate 屋面板(3)coupler 连接器(37) roof slab 屋面板(3)coupling wall—beam 连梁(12) roof system 屋盖(3)coupling wall—column... 墙肢(12) roof truss 屋架(4)coursing degree of mortar 砂浆分层度(48) rot 腐朽(71)cover plate 盖板(52) round wire 光圆钢丝(29)covered electrode 焊条(54) Scrack 裂缝(?0) safety classes of building structures 建筑结构安全等级(9)crack resistance 抗裂度(31) safetybolt 保险螺栓(69)crack width 裂缝宽度(31) sapwood 边材(65)crane girder 吊车梁(?) sawn lumber+A610 方木(65)crane load 吊车荷载(15) sawn timber structure 方木结构(64)creep of concrete 混凝土徐变(30) saw-tooth joint failure 齿缝破坏(45)crook 横弯(71) scarf joint 斜搭接(70)cross beam 井字梁(6) seamless steel pipe 无缝钢管(54)cup 翘弯seamless steel tube 无缝钢管(54)curved support 弧形支座(51) second moment of area of tranformed section 换算截面惯性矩(34)cylindrical brick arch 砖筒拱(43) second order effect due to displacement 挠曲二阶效应(13)D secondary axis 弱轴(56)decay 腐朽(71) secondary beam 次粱(6)decay prevention of timber structure 木结构防腐(70)section modulus of transformed section 换算截面模量(34)defect in timber 木材缺陷(70) section steel 型钢(53)deformation analysis 变形验算(10) semi-automatic welding 半自动焊接(59) degree of gravity vertical for structure or structural member·结构构件垂直度(40) separated steel column 分离式钢柱(51)degree of gravity vertical forwall surface 墙面垂直度(49) setting time 凝结时间(38)degree of plainness for structural memer 构件平整度(40) shake 环裂(70) degree of plainness for wall surface 墙面平整度(49) shaped steel 型钢(53) depth of compression zone 受压区高度(32) shapefactorofwindload 风荷载体型系数(16)depth of neutral axis 中和轴高度(32) shear plane 剪面(67)depth of notch 齿深(67) shearing rigidity of section 截面剪变刚度(19)design of building structures 建筑结构设计(8) shearing stiffness of member 构件抗剪刚度(20)design value of earthquake-resistant strength of materials 材料抗震强度设计值(1 short stiffener 短加劲肋(53)design value of load—carrying capacity of members·构件承载能力设计值(1 short term rigidity of member 构件短期刚度(31)designations 0f steel 钢材牌号(53 shrinkage 干缩(71)design value of material strength 材料强度设计值(1 shrinkage of concrete 混凝干收缩(30)destructive test 破损试验(40 silos 贮仓(3)detailing reintorcement 构造配筋(35 skylight truss 天窗架(4)detailing requirements 构造要求(22 slab 楼板(6)diamonding 菱形变形(71) slab—column structure 板柱结构(2)diaphragm 横隔板(52 slag inclusion 夹渣(61)dimensional errors 尺寸偏差(39) sloping grain …斜纹(70)distribution factor of snow pressure 屋面积雪分布系数slump 坍落度(37) dogspike 扒钉(70) snow reference pressure 基本雪压(16)double component concrete column 双肢柱(26) solid—web steel column 实腹式钢柱(dowelled joint 销连接(69) space structure 空间结构(11)down-stayed composite beam 下撑式组合粱(8) space suspended cable 悬索(5) ductile frame 延性框架(2) spacing of bars 钢筋间距(33)dynamic design 动态设计(8) spacing of rigid transverse wall 刚性横墙间距(46) E spacing of stirrup legs 箍筋肢距(33)earthquake-resistant design 抗震设计(9：spacing of stirrups 箍筋间距(33) earthquake-resistant detailing requirements 抗震构造要求(22)specified concrete 特种混凝上(28)effective area of fillet weld 角焊缝有效面积(57) spiral stirrup 螺旋箍筋(36) effective depth of section 截面有效高度(33) spiral weld 螺旋形焊缝(60) effective diameter of bolt or high-strength bolt·螺栓(或高强度螺栓)有效直径(57) split ringjoint 裂环连接(69)effective height 计算高度(21) square pyramid space grids 四角锥体网架(5) effective length 计算长度(21) stability calculation 稳定计算(10)effective length of fillet weld 角焊缝有效计算长度(48)stability reduction coefficient of axially loaded compression 轴心受压构件稳定系数<13)effective length of nail 钉有效长度(56) stair 楼梯(8)effective span 计算跨度(21) static analysis scheme of building 房屋静力汁算方案(45)effective supporting length at end of beam 梁端有效支承长度(46) static design 房屋静力汁算方案(45)effective thickness of fillet weld 角焊缝有效厚度(48)statically determinate structure 静定结构(11)elastic analysis scheme 弹性方案(46) statically indeterminate structure 超静定结构(11)elastic foundation beam 弹性地基梁(11) sted 钢材(17)elastic foundation plate 弹性地基板(12) steel bar 钢筋(28)elastically supported continuous girder·弹性支座连续梁(u)steel column component 钢柱分肢(51)elasticity modulus of materials 材料弹性模量(18) steel columnbase 钢柱脚(51) elongation rate 伸长率(15) steel fiber reinforced concrete structure·钢纤维混凝土结构(26)embeded parts 预埋件(30) steel hanger 吊筋(37)enhanced coefficient of local bearing strength of materials·局部抗压强度提高系数(14) steel mesh reinforced brick masonry member 方格网配筋砖砌体构件(41) entrapped air 含气量(38) steel pipe 钢管(54)equilibrium moisture content 平衡含水率(66) steel plate 钢板(53)equivalent slenderness ratio 换算长细比(57) steel plateelement 钢板件(52) equivalent uniformly distributed live load·等效均布活荷载(14) steel strip 钢带(53)etlectlve cross—section area of high-strength bolt·高强度螺栓的有效截面积(58) steel support 钢支座(51)ettectlve cross—section area of bolt 螺栓有效截面面积(57) steel tie 拉结钢筋(36) euler's critical load 欧拉临界力(56) steel tie bar for masonry 砌体拉结钢筋(47) euler's critical stress 欧拉临界应力(56) steel tube 钢管(54)excessive penetration 塌陷(62) steel tubular structure 钢管结构(50)F steel wire 钢丝(28)fiber concrete 纤维混凝仁(28) stepped column 阶形柱(7)filler plate 填板门2) stiffener 加劲肋(52)fillet weld 角焊缝(61) stiffness of structural member 构件刚度(19)final setting time 终凝时间() stiffness of transverse wall 横墙刚度(45)finger joint 指接(69) stirrup 箍筋(36)fired common brick 烧结普通砖(43) stone 石材(44)fish eye 白点(62) stone masonry 石砌体(44)fish—belly beam 角腹式梁(7) stone masonry structure 石砌体结构(41)fissure 裂缝(?0) storev height 层高(21)flexible connection 柔性连接(22) straight—line joint failure 通缝破坏(45) flexural rigidity of section 截面弯曲刚度(19) straightness of structural member 构件乎直度(71)flexural stiffness of member 构件抗弯刚度(20) strand 钢绞线(2，)floor plate 楼板(6) strength classes of masonry units 块体强度等级(44)floor system 楼盖(6) strength classes of mortar 砂浆强度等级(44)four sides(edges)supported plate 四边支承板(12)strength classes of structural steel 钢材强度等级(55)frame structure 框架结构(2) strength classes of structural timber 木材强度等级(66)frame tube structure 单框筒结构(3) strength classes(grades) of concrete 混凝土强度等级(29)frame tube structure 框架—简体结构(2)strength classes(grades) of prestressed tendon 预应力筋强度等级(30)frame with sidesway 有侧移框架(12) strength classes(grades) of steel bar 普通钢筋强度等级(30)frame without sidesway 无侧移框架(12)strength of structural timber parallel to grain 木材顺纹强度(66)frange plate 翼缘板(52) strongaxis 强轴(56)friction coefficient of masonry 砌体摩擦系数(44)structural system composed of bar ”杆系结构(11)full degree of mortar at bed joint 砂浆饱满度(48)structural system composed of plate 板系结构(12)function of acceptance 验收函数(23) structural wall 结构墙(7)G superposed reinforced concrete flexural member 叠合式混凝土受弯构件(26) gang nail plate joint 钉板连接() suspended crossed cable net 双向正交索网结构(6)glue used for structural timberg 木结构用胶suspended structure 悬挂结构(3) glued joint 胶合接头swirl grain 涡纹(?1)glued laminated timber 层板胶合木(¨) Tglued laminated timber structure 层板胶合结构…61)tensile(compressive) rigidity of section 截面拉伸(压缩)刚度(19)grider 主梁((㈠tensile(compressive) stiffness of member 构件抗拉(抗压)刚度(20)grip 夹具tensile(ultimate) strength of steel 钢材(钢筋)抗拉(极限)强度(18)grith weld 环形焊缝(6÷)) test for properties of concrete structural members 构件性能检验(40)：groove 坡口thickness of concrete cover 混凝土保护层厚度(33)gusset plate 节点板(52) thickness of mortarat bed joint 水平灰缝厚度(49)H thin shell 薄壳(6)hanger 吊环three hinged arch 三铰拱(n)hanging steel bar 吊筋tie bar 拉结钢筋(36)heartwood 心材tie beam，… 系梁(22)heat tempering bar 热处理钢筋(28) tie tod 系杆(5)height variation factor of wind pressure 风压高度变化系数(16) tied framework 绑扎骨架(35)heliral weld 螺旋形僻缝timber 木材(17)high—strength bolt 高强度螺栓 timber roof truss 木屋架(64)high—strength bolt with large hexagon bea 大六角头高强度螺栓tor-shear type high-strength bolt 扭剪型高强度螺栓(54)high—strength bolted bearing type join 承压型高强度螺栓连接，torsional rigidity of section 截面扭转刚度(19)high—strength bolted connection 高强度螺栓连接torsional stiffness of member 构件抗扭刚度(20)high—strength bolted friction—type joint 摩擦型高强度螺栓连接total breadth of structure 结构总宽度(21)high—strength holted steel slsteel structure 高强螺栓连接钢结构total height of structure 结构总高度(21)hinge support 铰轴支座(51) total length of structure 结构总长度(21)hinged connection 铰接(21) transmission length of prestress 预应力传递长度(36) hlngeless arch 无铰拱(12) transverse horizontal bracing 横向水平支撑(4)hollow brick 空心砖(43) transverse stiffener·横向加劲肋(53)hollow ratio of masonry unit 块体空心率(46) transverse weld 横向焊缝(60) honeycomb 蜂窝(39) transversely distributed steelbar 横向分布钢筋(36)hook 弯钩(37) trapezoid roof truss 梯形屋架(4)hoop 箍筋(36) triangular pyramid space grids 三角锥体网架(5)hot—rolled deformed bar 热轧带肋钢筋(28) triangular roof truss 三角形屋架(4) hot—rolled plain bar 热轧光圆钢筋(28) trussed arch 椽架(64)hot-rolled section steel 热轧型钢(53) trussed rafter 桁架拱(5)hunched beam 加腋梁(?) tube in tube structure 筒中筒结构(3)I tube structure 简体结构(2)impact toughness 冲击韧性(18) twist 扭弯(71)impermeability 抗渗性(38) two hinged arch 双铰拱(11)inclined section 斜截面(33) two sides(edges) supported plate 两边支承板(12) inclined stirrup 斜向箍筋(36)two—way reinforced (or prestressed) concrete slab 混凝土双向板(27) incomplete penetration 未焊透(61) Uincomplete tusion 未溶合(61) ultimate compressive strain of concrete‟” 混凝土极限压应变(31)incompletely filled groove 未焊满(61) unbonded prestressed concrete structure 无粘结预应力混凝土结构(25)indented wire 刻痕钢丝(29) undercut 咬边(62)influence coefficient for load—bearing capacity of compression member 受压构件承载能力影响系数(46) uniform cross—section beam 等截面粱(6)influence coefficient for spacial action 空间性能影响系数(46)unseasoned timber 湿材(65)initial control 初步控制(22)upper flexible and lower rigid complex multistorey building·上柔下刚多层房屋(45)insect prevention of timber structure 木结构防虫(?o)upper rigid lower flexible complex multistorey building·上刚下柔多层房屋(45) inspection for properties of glue used in structural member 结构用胶性能检验(71) Vinspection for properties of masnory units 块体性能检验(48)value of decompression prestress 预应力筋消压预应力值(33)inspection for properties of mortar 砂浆性能检验(48)value of effective prestress 预应筋有效预应力值(33)inspection for properties of steelbar 钢筋性能检验(39)verification of serviceability limit states·” 正常使用极限状态验证(10)integral prefabricated prestressed concrete slab—column structure 整体预应力板柱结构(25) verification of ultimate limit states 承载能极限状态验证(10) intermediate stiffener 中间加劲肋(53) vertical bracing 竖向支撑(5)intermittent weld 断续焊缝(60) vierendal roof truss 空腹屋架(4)J visual examination of structural member 构件外观检查(39)joint of reinforcement 钢筋接头(35)visual examination of structural steel member 钢构件外观检查(63)K visual examination of weld 焊缝外观检查(62)key joint 键连接(69) Wkinetic design 动态设计(8) wall beam 墙梁(42)knot 节子(木节)(70) wall frame 壁式框架(门)L wall—slab structure 墙板结构(2)laced of battened compression member 格构式钢柱(51) warping 翘曲(40)，(71) lacing and batten elements 缀材(缀件)(51) warping rigidity of section 截面翘曲刚度(19)lacing bar 缀条(51) water retentivity of mortar 砂浆保水性(48)lamellar tearing 层状撕裂(62) water tower 水塔(3)lap connectlon 叠接(搭接)(59) water／cement ratio·水灰比(3g)lapped length of steel bar 钢筋搭接长度(36) weak axis·弱轴(56)large pannel concrete structure 混凝土大板结构(25)weak region of earthquake—resistant building 抗震建筑薄弱部位(9)large-form cocrete structure 大模板结构(26) web plate 腹板(52)lateral bending 侧向弯曲(40) weld 焊缝(6[))lateral displacement stiffness of storey 楼层侧移刚度(20) weld crack 焊接裂纹(62)lateral displacement stiffness of structure·结构侧移刚度(20) weld defects 焊接缺陷(61)lateral force resistant wallstructure 抗侧力墙体结构(12) weld roof 焊根(61)leg size of fillet weld 角焊缝焊脚尺寸(57) weld toe 焊趾(61)length of shear plane 剪面长度(67) weldability of steel bar 钢筋可焊性(39) lift—slab structure 升板结构(25) welded framework 焊接骨架()light weight aggregate concrete 轻骨料混凝土(28) welded steel beam 焊接钢梁( limit of acceptance 验收界限(23) welded steel girder 焊接钢梁(52)limitimg value for local dimension of masonry structure·砌体结构局部尺寸限值(47) welded steel pipe 焊接钢管(54)limiting value for sectional dimension 截面尺寸限值(47) welded steel strueture 焊接钢结构(50)limiting value for supporting length 支承长度限值(47) welding connection·焊缝连接(59)limiting value for total height of masonry structure·砌体结构总高度限值(47) welding flux 焊剂(54)linear expansion coeffcient 线膨胀系数(18) welding rod 焊条(54)lintel 过梁(7) welding wire 焊丝(54)load bearing wall 承重墙(7) wind fluttering factor 风振系数(16)load-carrying capacity per bolt 单个普通螺栓承载能力(56)wind reference pressure 基本风压(16)load—carrying capacity per high—strength holt 单个高强螺桂承载能力(56) wind—resistant column 抗风柱(?)load—carrying capacity per rivet 单个铆钉承载能力(55) wood roof decking 屋面木基层(64)yield strength (yield point) of steel 钢材(钢筋)屈服强度(屈服点)Contraction Joint , 收缩接缝Contractor , 承包商Contraflow bus lane , 逆向公车专用道Contributing area , 集水面积Control Count , 控制量交通调查Control of Access , 出入管制Control point com parison , 控制点比较法Control points , 控制点Control Radius , 控制半径Control section , 管制路段Control span , 控制限制Control Station , 控制站Control strategy, 管制策略Control survey, 控制测量Control surveying , 控制测量Controlled Access Highway , 出入管制公路Controller , 控制器Controlling Load , 控制轮重Convenience store , 贩卖区Conventional Roundabout , 传统圆环Conventional Simulcast Radio System , 同频发射共波式无线电话系统Converted traffic , 转乘交通量Convex Function , 凸函数Convex Joint , 凸接缝Conveyer , 输送机Conviction , 违规Convoy , 车队Cooperative Planning , 合作规划Coordinate scheduling , 协调排班Coordinated control , 连锁控制Coordinated Control Signal , 连锁控制号志Cordon Count , 周界交通量调查；内圈交通量调查Cordon Line , 区域线；周界线Corridor , 交通通廊Corridor Control , 通廊控制Cost of Service , 服务成本Count-down pedestrian signal , 行人倒数计时显示器Counter flow , 对向车流Counter map , 等量线图Counter Wall , 等高线Country road , 乡道Courier service , 快递服务Covered Conduit , 暗渠Covered Ditch , 加盖暗沟CPM , 要径法: Critical Path MethodCrack Spacing , 裂纹间距Crash , 冲撞；碰撞Crawling lane , 爬坡道CRCP , 连续钢筋混凝土路面: Continuously reinforced concrete pavem ent Creep , 潜变Crest Vertical Curve , 凸形竖曲线Crew scheduling , 人员排程Crib retaining wall , 框条式挡土墙Critical bottleneck , 关键瓶颈Critical gap , 临界间距Critical Length of Grade , 披道临界长度Critical Path , 要径Critical Path Method , 要径法: CPMCritical Point , 临界点Critical rate of flow , 临界流率Critical Slope , 临界坡度Critical speed , 临界速度Critical Speed , 临界速率Critical Zone , 临界区Crop , 露头Cross road , 十字路口；交叉路；十字路Cross Section , 断面；横断面；截面Cross Slope , 横向坡度Cross walk , 行人穿越道Crossing , 穿越Crossing facility , 穿越设施Crossing maneuver , 交叉穿越运行Crossing point , 交会点Crossing rate , 穿越率cross-section leveling , 断面测量Crosswalk Line , 行人穿越道线Crowding , 拥挤Crown , 路拱；路冠Crown Ditch , 坡顶截流沟Crown line , 路拱线Crude Oil , 原油Cruise control , 自动控速Crusher , 碎石机CSLS , 速限可变标志: Changeable Speed Limit SignCSPDN , 线路交换公众数据网络: Circuit-switched Public Data Network CTC , 中央行车控制法: Centralized Traffic ControlCU , 照明率: Coefficient of UtilitizationCubic Parabola , 二次拋物线Cul-De-Sac , 死巷Culvert , 涵洞；箱涵Curb , 缘石；路边石；护角Curb Bus Lane , 设于路缘之公车专用车道Curb ditch , 路缘浅沟Curb inlet , 路缘进水口；绿石进水口Curb Lane , 缘侧车道；路缘车道Curb Line , 路边线Curb Loading Zone , 沿路载货区；路旁装卸地带Curb Marking , 缘石标线Curb parking , 路边停车（场）Curb ramp , 缘石坡道Cure , 养治Curing , 湿治；养护Curing age , 养护材龄Curing com pound , 养护剂Curing Room , 养护室；保养室Current Traffic , 当时交通量；现有交通量Curvature , 曲度；曲率Curve , 曲线；曲线板；弯道Curve Path , 曲线路线Curve, 弯道Curved Bridge , 曲线桥Cushion material , 缓冲材料Cushioning effect , 缓冲效应Cut , 挖方Cut and cover m ethod , 明挖覆盖法（隧道）Cut and Fill , 挖填（动词）；挖方和填方（名词）Cut-Back Asphalt , 油溶沥青CVO , 商车营运系统: Commercial Vehicle OperationsCVOS , 商车营运服务: Commercial Vehicle Operations Services Cycle , 周期Cycle Expansion/Contraction , 周期增长缩短法Cycle slips , 周波脱落Cycle Tim e , 周期时间Cyclic scheduling , 循环排班D, DDaily Rainfall , 日雨量Daily tim e pattern , 每日时态Daily Traffic , 日交通量Daily variation diagram , 日变化图Datum , 基面Datum Level , 基准面Datum Line , 基准线；基准面Datum mark , 基准点Datum Place , 基准面Day Light Signal , 日光式号志；灯光式号志Day Work System , 日工制；点工制Daylight illumination , 日光照明Debris , 漂流物；碎片Debris flow , 土石流Debris hazard , 土石灾害Deceleration , 减速度Deceleration force , 减速力Deceleration lane , 减速车道Decentralize, 分布式多层控制系统Decision sight distance , 反应视距Deck , 版Deck Floor , 桥面Deck Truss , 面层式。
建筑历史名词术语中英索引-
名词术语中英索引：AAalto，Alvar阿尔瓦·阿尔托Tuberculosis Sanatorium at Paimio帕米欧肺病疗养院Municipal Library，维堡图书馆Villa Mairea，玛丽亚别墅Town Hall of saynatsalo，珊娜特塞罗镇中心主楼Abu Simbel(Egypt)，阿尔布辛贝勒(埃及)Acropolis(Athens)，雅典卫城(雅典) Adornment ，装饰Agora，广场Agora，Assos ，阿索斯广场Aido Ross ，罗西Air conditioner ，空调Aisle ，侧廊Alberti，Leone Battista ，阿尔伯蒂Altar of Zeus,(Pergamon,Gteece),宙斯祭坛(希腊帕加马)Amiens Cathedral，亚眠主教堂Amphitheatre ，圆形剧场，角斗场Aqueduct ，输水道Pont du Gard{Nimes France}，嘉德引水渠(法国尼姆)Roman，罗马引水渠Apollo，阿波罗Apse ，半圆形龛Arena ，(圆形剧场中的)表演区，沙场Arch，券Centre，圆心Crown，券顶．Extrados，券背Haunch，券肩石Impost，券底石Keystone，券心石(又称锁石)Soffit ，券底Springing line，起券线Voussoir ，楔形券石Anglo—Saxou Arch，盎格鲁·撒克逊式券Corbelled Arch，叠涩券Decorated Arch，装饰式券Early English Arch ，早期英吉利式券Horse shoe Arch，马蹄形券Multifoil Arch ，复叶形券Norman Arch ，诺曼式券Ogee Arch ，弓形券Perpendicular Arch ，垂直式券Pointed Saracenic Arch ，撒拉逊式尖券Roman Arch ，罗马式券Round Trifoliated Arch ，三叶形券Transitional Arch ，过渡时期式券Ogee，洋葱形穹顶Pointed，尖拱Roman，罗马拱Triumphal，凯旋拱门Blind Arches，假券Arcades，连券廊Blind Arcades，假连券廊Arc de Triomphe(Paris)，凯旋门(巴黎) Architecture建筑analyzing，建筑分析as profession，建筑作为职业Architecture equipments，建筑设备Arch of Augustus．Perugia，佩鲁吉亚奥古斯都拱门Arch of Constantine(Rome)，康斯坦丁凯旋门(罗马)Arch of Septimius Severus．Rome，罗马塞弗拉斯凯旋门Arch of Titus．Rome，罗马泰塔斯凯旋门Aronoff Center for Design and Art(Cincinnati)．阿罗洛夫设计和艺术中心(辛辛那提)Art and Architecture Building(Yale University)，艺术和建筑大厦(耶鲁大学) Art Deco，装饰艺术派Art Nouveau，新艺术运动Arts and Crafts movement，工艺美术运动Ascent roof,坡屋顶Assyria，亚述Athena，雅典娜Athens，雅典AT&T Building，美国电话电报公司大楼BBabylonia，巴比伦Basilica ，古罗马的巴西利卡Basilica of Constantine ，君士坦丁巴西利卡Basilica of Trajan ，图拉真巴西利卡The Basilica．Vicenza ，维琴察巴西利卡Basilica of San Marco(Venice)，圣马可大教堂Greek—cross Basilica，希腊十字式巴西利卡Latin—cross Basilica，拉丁十字式巴西利卡Condensed Dome Basilica集中式穹顶巴西利卡Baroque architecture，巴洛克建筑English，英国巴洛克建筑in France，法国的巴洛克建筑in Italy，意大利的巴洛克建筑Mexican，墨西哥巴洛克建筑Renaissance architecture and，文艺复兴建筑与巴洛克建筑Renaissance architecturecompared to，文艺复兴建筑与巴洛克建筑比较Barrel Vault 筒形拱Baths．Roman，罗马浴场Baths of Caracalla．卡瑞卡拉浴室Baths of Titus(Rome)，泰塔斯浴场(罗马)Bauhaus，包豪斯Bauhaus school，包豪斯建筑学派Bauhaus WorkshopWing(Dessau，Germany)，包豪斯工作室(德国德骚)Berlin ，柏林AEG Turbin Factory ，德国通用电气公司透平机车间Altes Museum，老博物馆Berlin Schauspielhaus，柏林宫廷剧院Berlin Philharmonie，柏林爱乐音乐厅Brandenburg Gate，勃兰登堡门Conference Hall，西柏林会堂Jewish Museum，犹太人博物馆Model Factory at the Exhibitionof the werkbund in Cologne，德意志制造联盟科隆展览会模范车间National Gallery，国家美术馆新馆Bell T ower(Leaning Tower，Pisa)，钟塔(比萨斜塔)Bernini．Giovanni Lorenzo 伯尼尼Scala Regia in Vatican 梵蒂冈教皇接见厅前的大阶梯Piazza of S．Peter 圣彼得主教堂前广场Borromini．Francesco 波罗米尼San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane罗马圣卡罗教堂Boston city Hall，波士顿市政厅Botta,Mario，博塔Bank of Gottardo，戈塔尔多银行House at Riva San Vitale，圣·维塔莱河畔的住宅Boullee，部雷Metropole project，大都市博物馆方案Project for a Cenotaph for SirIsaac Newton，牛顿纪念碑方案Bramante，Donato伯拉孟特Tempietto in S．Pietro in Montorio罗马坦比哀多Bricks，砖British Museum(1ondon)，大英博物馆(伦敦)Brunelleschi，Filippo ，伯鲁涅列斯基The Dome of S．Maria del Fiore ，佛罗伦萨圣玛利亚大教堂的穹窿Foundling Hospital．Florence，佛罗伦萨育婴院Pazzi Chapel，佛罗伦萨巴齐礼拜堂Brutalism，粗野主义Buttress ，飞扶壁Flying Buttress，飞扶壁Gothic Buttress，哥特式扶壁Byzantine architecture，拜占庭建筑Byzantine Empire，拜占庭帝国CCalatrava,Santiago，卡拉特拉瓦Alamillo Bridge,Spain 埃拉米诺大桥TGA Station ,Lyon-Satolas,France ，萨特拉斯车站Campanile，钟楼Camus，加缪体系Capitol，Rome ，罗马卡比多广场Casa Batllo(Barcelona)，巴特罗公寓(巴塞罗纳)Casa Mila(Barcelona)，米拉公寓(巴塞罗纳)Castel，城堡Castles，Romanesque，罗马式城堡Cathedral ，主教堂．Chartres Cathedral ，夏特尔主教堂Cologne Cathedral ，科隆主教堂CBD，中心商务区Cement，水泥Central Park(New York City)，中央公园(纽约市)Center Pompidou(Paris)，蓬皮杜中心(巴黎)Charter of Athens，雅典宪章Charter of Machu Picchu，马丘比丘宪章Chateau de Chambord ，法国尚堡府邸Chateau Vaux－le Vicomte ，维康府邸Chicago，芝加哥Carson Pirie Scott DepartmentStore，C．P．S百货公司大厦First Leiter Building，第一莱特尔大厦John Hancock Center，约翰·汉考克大厦Lake Shore building，湖滨公寓Marina City，马利纳城大厦Marquette Building，马凯特大厦Marshall Field Wholesale Store，马歇尔·菲尔德百货批发商店Reliance Building，里莱斯大厦Robie House，罗比住宅SearS Tower，西尔斯大厦The Capitol，卡皮托大厦Water Tower Place Building水塔广场大厦Willitts House威利茨住宅World’s ColumbianExposition,1893年哥伦比亚博览会Chicago School，芝加哥学派Choragic Monument of Lysicrates雅典列雪格拉德纪念亭Chrysler Building(New York)，克莱斯勒大厦(纽约)Christian，基督教Church ，教堂Cross－domed Churchs，十字穹顶教堂Churches and cathedrals教堂和大教堂Byzantine Church，拜占庭教堂和大教堂Gothic Church，哥特式教堂和大教堂Romanesque Church，罗马式教堂和大教堂Circular Windows，圆窗Classical style(Classical Revival)，古典风格(古典复兴) Colosseum．Rome 罗马大角斗场Columbian Exposition(Chicago，l893)，哥伦比亚世界博览会(芝加哥，1893) Column ，柱子Corinthian Column，科林斯式Doric Column，多利克式Egyptian Column，埃及式Greek Column，希腊式Ionic Column，爱奥尼克式Roman Column，罗马式Concrete，混凝土Concrete in Roman architecture，罗马建筑中的混凝土Constantine(Roman emperor)，君士坦丁(罗马皇帝)Constantinople，君士坦丁堡Constructivism构成主义派Contextualism “文脉主义Court of Alberca，玉泉院Court of Lions，狮子院Courtyards，庭院Crossing Tower，十字交叉点处塔楼Cross Vault，十字拱Crown，券顶Crystal Palace(London)，水晶宫(伦敦) Curvilinear(Decorated)style，曲线(装饰)风格DDeconstruction(Decon) ，解构主义Decorated Arch ，装饰式券De Stij，风格派：Casa Schroder, Utrecht，乌德勒支的施罗德住宅Dessau，德绍Distyle ，(希腊、罗马神庙的)端柱式The Doge,s Palace ，威尼斯公爵府Dome，穹顶Dome on Pendentives，穹顶－帆拱体系The Dome of S．Maria del Fiore，佛罗伦萨圣玛利亚大教堂的穹窿Dulles Airport (Washington，D C)，杜勒斯国际机场(华盛顿特区)DWB/ Deutscher Werkbund，德意志制造联盟P.Behrens，贝伦斯AEG Turbine Factory，透平机车间Fagus Werk，法古斯工厂EEaves，屋檐Egypt，埃及Eiffel，Gustave，古斯塔夫·埃菲尔Eiffel，Tower(Paris)，埃菲尔铁塔(巴黎) Einstein T ower(Potsdam．Germany)，爱因斯坦塔(德国波茨坦) Eisenman，Peter，彼得·埃森曼Aronoff Center for Design andArt，Cincinnati，USA辛辛那提大学设计、建筑、艺术与规划学院大楼(阿洛诺夫设计与艺术中心)Columbus Convention Center，Ohio，USA 哥伦布会议中心Forster House，Palo Alto，California，USA 11a号住宅又称福斯特住宅House I “住宅I”House lI “住宅lI"House VI，Washington，Connecticut，USA “住宅VI”Wexner Center for the VisualArts，Columbus，Ohio，USA，韦克斯纳视觉艺术中心Elegant New Geometry，优雅新几何Elevator，电梯Empire State Building．帝国大厦Engineering Building(University of Leicester)．工程大厦(莱斯特大学) England英国Baroque architecture in．英国的巴洛克建筑Gothic architecture in，英国的哥特式建筑Gothic Revival in．英国的哥特复兴式建筑High Victorian Gothic in，英国维多利亚时代全盛哥特式建筑Neoclassic revival in，英国的新古典主义复兴建筑Norman(Romanesque)architecture in，英国的罗马风建筑Renaissance architecture in，英国的文艺复兴建筑Entablature，(柱式的)檐部Entasis，卷杀Entrance，入口Erechtheion，Athens雅典伊瑞克先神庙Expressionism，表现主义FFallingwater(Bear Run，Pennsylvania)，流水别墅(宾夕法尼亚州熊溪)Fan Vault，扇形拱顶Farnsworth House(near Piano，Illinois)，范斯沃斯住宅(伊利诺斯州普莱诺附近)Fireplace, 壁炉Flamboyant，(哥特建筑中的)火焰式Florence Cathedral，佛罗伦萨大教堂Flying Buttress，飞扶壁Flying ribs，飞肋Fontainebleau(France)，枫丹白露(法国) Forbidden City，紫禁城Forster，Norman福斯特Commercial Bank Tower，Frankfurt法兰克福商业银行大厦New Headquarters for the HongKong Bank，Hong Kong香港汇丰银行新楼Parts Distribution Center forRenault UK Ltd，Swindon，Wiltshire，UK雷诺公司产品配送中心Reconstruction of Reichstag，Bedin，Germany柏林国会大厦改建Reliance Contmls Ltd，Swindon，Woltshire，UK信托控股公司Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts，VEA，Norwich，Norfolk，UK塞恩斯伯里视觉艺术中心Telecommunications Tower，Torredi Collserola，Barcelona，Spain巴塞罗那通迅塔Third London Airport Stansted，Essex，UK伦敦斯坦斯梯德机场Formalism，典雅主义Form follows function，形式追随功能Forum罗马广场Forum of Angustus，奥古斯都广场Forum of Caesar，凯撒广场Forum of Nerva，奈乏广场Forum of Trajan，图拉真广场Forum．Pompeii，庞培城中心广场Forum Romanum，罗曼努姆广场Fountain，喷泉Functionalism，功能主义，功能主义派Futurism，未来派GGable山墙Gabrie，Jacques—Ange加贝里爱尔Petit Trianon小特里阿农Gallery，廊Garden City，花园城市Giant Order巨柱式Giralda，塞维利亚风标塔The Great Mosque，Damascus大马士革大礼拜寺The Great Mosque，Cordova科尔多瓦大礼拜寺The Great Mosque，Samarra萨马拉大礼拜寺Great Pyramids，Giza吉萨金字塔群Great Temple，Abu—Simbel阿布辛贝勒阿蒙神大石窟庙Great Temple of Ammon，Kanark卡纳克阿蒙神庙Great Temple，Madurai马杜赖大寺Greece，希腊Greek architecture，希腊建筑Gehry,Frank 盖里American Center，Paris，France巴黎美国中心California Aerospace Museum，Los Angeles，Calif．USA航空宇宙博物馆Gehry House，Santa Monica，California在圣·莫尼卡的自宅Guggenheim Museum，Bilbao，Spain毕尔巴鄂古根汉姆博物馆Nationale．NededtmdenBuilding，Prague，Czech Republic布拉格尼德兰大厦Vitra Furniture Design Museum，Weilam～Rhein，Germany维特拉家具设计博物馆Weisman Art Museum，Universityof Minnesota，Minneapolis，USA魏斯曼艺术博物馆Graves，Michael(1934～)格雷夫斯Benacerraf House Addition,贝纳塞拉夫住宅扩建Hanselmann House，Wayne，Indiana，USA汉索曼住宅Humana Building，Louisville，Kentucky，U．S．A休曼那大厦Public Service Building inPortland，Oregon，USA波特兰市市政厅Swan Hotel and Dauphin Hotel，Walt Disney World，Florida，USA海豚旅馆与天鹅旅馆Gridiron city，方格城市Gropius，Walter(1883—1969)格罗皮厄斯Bauhaus Dessau包豪斯校舍City Theatre，Jena耶那市立剧场Dammer stock Housing达默斯托克居住区Fagus Werk，Alfeld法古斯(鞋楦)厂Gropius Residence，Lincoln，Mass格罗皮厄斯自宅Harvard Graduate Center，Cambridge，Mass哈佛大学研究生中心Interbau，Hansaviertal 1957年汉莎区国际住宅展览会高层公寓楼Model Factory at the Exhibitionof the Werkbund in Cologne德意志制造联盟科隆展览会办公楼Municipal Employment Office，Dessau德绍市就业办事处Siemensstadt Housing，Berlin西门子住宅区Village College，Impington英平顿乡村学院Gwathmey，Charles(1938～)格瓦斯梅HHadid，Zaha，扎哈·哈迪德Monsoon Restaurant，Sapporo，Tokyo，Japan东京扎晃餐厅Peak Club，Hong Kong，香港山顶俱乐部设计方案Vitra Fire—Station，WeilamRhein，Germany维特拉消防站Hadrian(Roman emperor)，哈德良(罗马皇帝)Hadrian’s villa(Tivoli，Italy)，哈德良别墅(意大利底沃利)Hall of Mirrors(Versailles)，镜厅(凡尔赛)Hatshepsut，哈特什帕苏墓Haussmann，Georges Eugene，Baron(1809—1891)，奥斯曼Rebuilding Paris 19，世纪后半叶的巴黎改建Hejduk，John．约翰·海杜克High Gothic architecture，典型哥特式建筑High Renaissance，文艺复兴高潮High．Tech，高技派High．Tech and High-Touch，高度技术与高度感人High Victorian Gothic，维多利亚时代全盛哥特式High Victorian period，维多利亚全盛期Hill House(Glasgow)，小山住宅(英国格拉斯哥)Holism，整体主义Holistic Design，整体设计Holl，Steven，斯蒂芬·霍尔Anchoring《锚固》Chapel of St．Ignatius，Seattle，USA圣伊纳爵小教堂Void Space／Hinged SpaceHousing，Nexus World Kashii，Fukuoka，Japan日本福冈公寓Holocaust Memorial Museum(Washington，D．C．)，大屠杀纪念展览馆(华盛顿特区) Horizontal lines，水平线条Hotel de Soubise ，巴黎苏必斯府邸House of Pansa ，潘萨府邸Houses of Parliament(London)，议会大厦(伦敦)House of Silver Wedding ，银婚府邸House of Vettii ，维蒂府邸Howard，Ebenezer，Sir霍华德“Garden City”田园城市Garden Cities of Tomorrow，《明日的田园城市》humanizing architecture建筑人情化Hypostyle Hall(Temple of Amon at Karnak)，多柱式大厅(埃及卡玛克阿蒙神殿)IIl Gesfi Rome，罗马耶苏会教堂Impressionism，印象主义，印象主义派Industrial City ，“工业城市”Interbau，Hansaviertal，1957年汉莎区国际住宅展览会International Style，“国际式"建筑Intersecting Vault，交叉拱Ishtar，新巴比伦城伊斯达门Italian Neorationalist Movement，新理性主义运动(又称La Tendenza坦丹札学派)Italy，意大利Renaissance architecture in，意大利的文艺复兴建筑Baroque architecture in，意大利的巴洛可建筑Gothic architecture in，意大利的哥特式建筑Romanesque architecture in，意大利的罗马风建筑Industrial Revolution，工业革命JJencks，Charles詹克斯The Language of Post—mod~rytArchitecture《后现代建筑语言》The New Moderns《新现代》Jenney，William Le Baron(1832—1907)詹尼First Leiter Building第一莱特尔大厦Home Insurance Company芝加哥家庭保险公司大厦Johnson，Philip(1906一)P．约翰逊AT&T Headquarters，New York，USA，美国电话电报公司总部大楼Pittsburgh Hate Glass CompanyHead－quarters，匹兹堡的PPG平板玻璃公司总部大厦Republic Bank Center，Houston，Texas，共和银行中心大厦Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery，谢尔登艺术纪念馆Transco Tower in Houston，休斯敦的特兰斯科塔楼KKahn，Louis，路易斯·康Richard Medical ResearchBuilding，理查德医学研究楼Saik Institute for BiologicalResearch，La Jolla，Californa，索尔克生物研究所Karnak temples，埃及卡玛克神殿Key Stone券心石(又称锁石)King’s College Chapel(Cambridge，England)，国王学院礼拜堂(英国剑桥) Koolhaas，Rem，雷姆·库哈斯Dall’Ava House，Saint-Claud，Paris，France达尔阿瓦住宅Delirious New York：A RetroactiveManifesto for Manhattan《颠狂的纽约：关于曼哈顿的回顾性宣言》Generic City《广普城市》National Dance Theatre inHague，Holland海牙国立舞剧院LLa Sagrada Familia，Church of(Barcelona)，神圣家族大教堂(巴塞罗纳)Le Brun，Charles勒勃亨The Louvre卢佛尔Le Corbusier，勒·柯布西耶Chandigarh，India，昌迪加尔规划及行政中心Convent de laSaint-Marie-de-1a-Tourette，nearLyons，拉图莱特修道院League of Nation’s Building，国际联盟总部设计方案Uunite d’Habitation，Marseille，马赛公寓“人居单元”Ministry of Education，巴西教育卫生部大楼(与Neimyer合作)“Modulor”，“模数理论”Notre．Dame．du．Haut，Ronchamp，朗香教堂PavilIion Suisse A La CiteUniversitaire，Paris，巴黎瑞士学生宿舍Plan of the VilleContemporaine ，300万人的现代城市规划方案Plan“Voisin'’de Paris，巴黎市中心区改建规划Vers une architecture，《走向新建筑》Villa Savoie，萨伏伊别墅Le Notre，Andre勒诺特Le Vau，Louis勒伏Chateau Vaux-le-Vicomte维康府邸Library of St．Mark，Venice，圣马可图书馆Lincoln Cultural Center in Newyork，纽约林肯文化中心Linear City，带形城市Lion Gate，Mycenae迈西尼城狮子门Luxor temples，鲁克索神殿MMansart．Jules Hardouin，孟莎，J．H．Palais de Versailles，凡尔赛宫Church of the Invalides，巴黎残废军人新教堂Place de Vendome，巴黎旺多姆广场Masjid－j－Shah，1sfahan，伊斯法罕皇家礼拜寺Mastaba，玛斯塔巴Mausoleum of Hadrain，罗马哈德良墓Megaron，美加仑室Meirer，Richard ，R．迈耶(1934～) Getty Center，Los Angeles，USA格蒂中心Higll Museum of Art，Adanta，Georgia，USA亚特兰大的海尔艺术博物馆Smith House，Darien，Conn．USA，史密斯住宅Mendelsohn，Erich(1887—1953)，门德尔松Einstein Tower，Potsdam，爱因斯坦天文台Metabolism，新陈代谢派Michelangelo Buonarroti，米开朗琪罗Capitol，Rome，罗马卡比多广场S．Peter Cathedral，Rome，罗马圣彼得主教堂Michelozzo Michelozzi，米开罗佐Palazzo Ricardi，佛罗伦萨吕卡第府邸Mies van der Rohe，Ludwig，路德维希·密斯·范德·罗Barcelona Pavilion，巴塞罗那博览会德国馆Crown Hall ，IIT克朗楼Farnsworth House，Piano，Illinois，法恩斯沃思住宅minois Institute of Technology，伊利诺工学院校园规划Lake Shore Building，Chicago，芝加哥的湖滨公寓ment to Liebknecht andLuxemburg，李卜克内西和卢森堡纪念碑National Gallery，Berlin，柏林国家美术馆新馆Seagram Building，New York，西格拉姆大厦Tugendhat House，Brno，图根德哈特住宅Milan Cathedral(Italy)，米兰大教堂(意大利)Millennium Dome(Greenwich，U K)，千年穹顶(英国格林威治)Minimalism “极少主义”或“极简主义”Modern Architecture现代建筑，现代建筑派Modern Movement现代建筑运动Modernism现代主义，现代主义派Monolith整石柱Mosque of Ahmed I，伊斯坦布尔阿赫默德一世礼拜寺Multifoil Arch复叶形券NNeighbourhood Unit，邻里单位Neo．Classicism，新古典主义Neoplasticism，新造型主义Nervi，Pier Luigi(1891—1979)，内尔维Palazzelto dello Sport，罗马小体育宫Palazzo dello Sport，罗马大体育宫Pirdli Tower大厦(与Ponti合作)St．Mary’s Cathedral，SanFrancisco，旧金山的圣玛丽主教堂(与Belluschi合作)Turin Exposition Hall，都灵展览馆UNESCO Headquarters，Paris，联合国教科文总部(UNESCO)的会议厅(与Breuer和Zehffuss合作) Neoclassic，新古典主义Neuschwanstein，Schloss(near Munich)，新天鹅堡(慕尼黑附近)New Babylon ，新巴比伦城New Brutalism，新粗野主义(新野性主义)New Empericism，新经验主义New Modem or Neo－Modernism ，“新现代"，“新现代“派New Rationalism，新理性主义New Regionalism，新地域主义New Simplicity ，“新简约”New Tradition，新传统派，新传统主义建筑New York Five ，“纽约五”Niemeyer，Oscar(1907~)，尼迈耶尔Ministry of Eduction，巴西教育卫生部大楼Notre Dame圣母教堂Notre Dame．Paris ，巴黎圣母教堂Nouvel，Jean(1945~)，努维尔Arab World Institute．Paris，France，巴黎阿拉伯世界研究中心Tour Sans Fin，Paris，巴黎无止境大厦方案OObelisk ，方尖碑Ogee arch ，弓形券Omar Mosque ，耶路撒冷奥马尔礼拜寺(圣岩寺)Opera House(Sydney，Australia)，歌剧院(澳大利亚悉尼)Opera(Paris)，歌剧院(巴黎) Orders，Greek，希腊柱式Ordine(Order)，柱式Ordine Composite，组合柱式Doric Order（Ordine Dorico），多立克柱式Ionic Order（0rdine Ionico），爱奥尼克柱式Corinthian Order（Ordine Corintio），科林斯柱式Ordine Tuscan，塔司干柱式Architrave，额枋Capital ，柱头Column ，柱身Entablature ，檐部Frieze，檐壁Organic Decentralization，有机疏散理论Organic architecture，有机建筑Ornament，use of in architecture，建筑中装饰的使用PPalace of Sagon,萨艮王宫Palace of Persepolis，帕赛玻里斯宫Palace of Minos,Knossos，克诺索斯迷宫Palais de Versailles，凡尔赛宫Palazzo Pandolfini，Florence ，佛罗伦萨潘道菲尼府邸Palazzo Rucellai，Florence ，佛罗伦萨鲁切拉府邸Palladio，Andrea ，帕拉第奥Palladio Motif ，帕拉第奥母题The Basilica．Vicenza，维琴察巴西利卡Palladio Motif ，帕拉第奥母题Rotunda ，维琴察圆厅别墅Pantheon，Paris，巴黎的万神庙Pantheon，Rome ，罗马万神庙Parterre du Midi(Versailles)，德米迪花坛(凡尔赛)Pazzi Chapel，Florence，佛罗伦萨巴齐礼拜堂Pei，I.M.(1917~)，贝聿铭East Gallery，National GalleryofArt，美国国家美术馆东馆Grand Louvre，Paris，France，巴黎大卢浮宫扩建Pelli，Cesar(1926～)佩利Miglin．Beitler T ower，Chicago，米格林·贝特勒大厦Petronas Towers，Kuala Lumper，吉隆坡的双塔大厦Pendentive，帆拱Perfection of Technique，讲究技术精美的倾向Petit Trianon ，小特里阿农宫，凡尔赛Peristyle ，列柱围廊式Pseudo peristyle ，假列柱围廊式Perpendicular Arch ，垂直式券Perrault。
古建筑名词 中英对照
古建筑名词中英对照信人: tjr99 (颐养), 信区: DESIGNPHD 标题: 中国古代建筑及构造英文翻译发信站: 未建成BBS (Sun Mar 11 20:43:56 2007), 站内(全国自然科学名词审定委员会1996年公布) 中国古代建筑及构造宫palace，temple殿hall厅hall又称「堂」室room房house亭pavilion台platform坛altar楼storied building* 阁pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace 水榭waterside pavilion 轩windowed veranda 民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que，watchtower牌楼pailou，decorated gateway华表huabiao，ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 穿斗式构架column and tie construction 井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语内柱hypostyle column宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace*手chashou，inverted V-shaped brace宋代术语柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng，camel-hump shaped support宋代术语梁beam栿beam宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽栿5-purlin beam宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽栿7-purlin beam宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽栿9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳栿rufu，beam tie宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer桁purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩purlin (used without dougong) 小式槫purlin宋代术语脊桁ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purlin小式脊槫ridged purlin宋代术语金桁intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平槫intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐桁purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心桁eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平槫eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushion board大式檐垫板cushion board小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter*花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins 材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou，mortise of cap block斗拱dougong，bracket set斗dou，bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block宋代术语拱gong，bracketarm翘flower arm，petal华拱flower arm宋代术语昂ang，lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns宋代术语角科bracket set on corner转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代术语跴cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版gable eave board宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf 门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone 天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall 隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel，hanging over叠涩corbel，hanging over宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代术语象眼triangular space御路yulu，imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma，recta下袅lower cyma，reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital stone柱础column base踬zhi碑碣stone tablet*屃bixi，stone turtle宋及宋前术语趺fu，stone turtle清代术语石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile 脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾头eave tile滴水drip tile瓦当tile end，eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof，vertical ridge for gable roof 戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走兽animal砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern，colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画 dragons pattern天花彩画 ceiling pattern箍头 end portion of painted beam藻头intermediate portion of painted beam枋心central portion of painted beam点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting贴金gold foil painting。
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金字塔pyramid 方尖碑obelisk 牌门楼pylon莲花式柱lotus column 纸草花式柱papyrus column 棕榈叶式柱palm column塔庙ziggurat 列柱围廊式peristyle 山花pediment多立克柱式Doric order 伊奥尼亚柱式Ionic order 曾用名“爱奥尼亚柱式”。
科林斯柱式Corinthian order 檐口cornice 檐部entablature檐壁frieze 额枋architrave 柱头capital柱身column shaft 槽沟flute 圆底线脚torus柱基plinth 台基stylobate 输水道aqueduct万神庙pantheon 凯旋门triumphal arch 角斗场colosseum广场forum 托斯卡柱式Tuscan order 门廊potch,portico小穹顶cupola 平嵌线reglet 主穹顶main dome半穹顶semi dome 帆拱pendentive 会堂basilica中厅central nave 侧廊aisle 半圆形壁龛apse袖廊transept 柱廊colonnade 神坛altar拱廊atcade 壁上拱廊blind arcade 塔楼turret玫瑰窗rose window 扶壁buttress 尖顶pinnacle滴水兽gargoyle 顶端饰finial 花色窗棂tracery四叶饰quatrefoil 五叶饰cinquefoil 府邸mansion,palazzo鼓座drum 采光塔lantern 小侧窗bulleye window涡卷装饰cartouche 宣礼塔minaret 圣龛mihrab,prayer niche讲坛mimbar,pulpit 拱式vault type 筒拱barrel vault棱拱groin vault 肋骨拱rib bed vault 星形拱stellar vault网状拱reticulated vault 扇形拱fan vault 倒槽式拱trough vault钟乳拱stalactite vault 券式arch type 半圆券semicircular arch尖券pointed arch 弧形券segmental arch 葱花券ogee arch马蹄券horseshoe arch 交角券squinch 穹式dome type半球形穹顶semespherical dome 葱花穹顶ogee dome 方穹顶square dome阿拉伯花饰arabesque 阿拉伯式柱头Arabian capital中国古建史名词中英文对照1、中国古代建筑及构造宫palace,temple 殿hall 厅hall 又称“堂” 室room 房house亭pavilion阁pavilion 榭pavilion on terrace 水榭waterside pavilion台platform 坛altar 楼storied building廊colonnade 轩windowed veranda 民居folk house四合院courtyard house 寨stockaded village 舫boat house阙que, watchtower 牌楼pailou, decorated gateway 华表huabiao, ornamental pillar塔pagoda 硬山flush gable roof 悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof 庑殿hip roof 四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof 重檐double eave roof 攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof 大木wooden structure 大式wooden frame with dougong 小式wooden frame without dougong 大木作carpentry work 小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 穿斗式构架column and tie construction井干式构架log cabin construction 檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column 内槽柱hypostyle column 唐代术语内柱hypostyle column 宋代术语山柱center column 角柱corner column 唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post 蜀柱king post 宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column 宋代术语侧脚cejiao 宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column 宋代术语角背bracket 由戗inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace 宋代术语柁墩wooden pier 梁beam驼峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport 宋代术语袱beam 宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam 平梁3-purlin beam 宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam 四椽袱5-purlin beam 宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam 六椽袱7-purlin beam 宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam 宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam 双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam 乳袱rufu, beam tie 宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie 角梁hip rafer （木行）purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩purlin (used without dougong) 小式抟purlin 宋代术语脊（木行）ridged purlin 大式脊檩ridged purlin 小式脊抟ridged purlin 宋代术语金（木行）intermediate purlin 大式金檩intermediate purlin 小式上中平抟intermediate purlin 宋代术语老檐（木行）purlin on hypostyle 大、小式，宋代术语正心（木行）eave purlin 大式檐檩eave purlin 小式下平抟eave purlin 宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong) 大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong) 小式阑额architrave 宋代术语由额垫板cushion board 大式檐垫板cushion board 小式枋tiebeam 脊枋ridge tiebeam 上金枋upper purlin tiebeam 下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam 大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam 小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter 脑椽upper rafter 花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter 飞檐椽flying rafter 飞子flying rafter 宋代术语连檐eave edging 瓦口tile edging 颔版tile edging 宋代术语举架raising the purlin 举析raising the purlin 宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins 材cai 栔qi 分fen 斗口doukou,mortise of cap block 斗拱dougong,bracket set 斗dou, bracket set 升block with cross mortise 大斗cap block栌斗cap block 宋代术语拱gong,bracketarm 翘flower arm, petal华拱flower arm 宋代术语昂ang,lever 槽升子center block齐心斗center block 宋代术语三才升small block 十八斗connection block交互斗connection block 宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm 泥道拱axial bracket arm 宋代术语瓜拱oval arm 瓜子拱oval arm 宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm 宋代术语厢拱regular arm 令拱regular arm 宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm 撑头small tie-beam 枋small tie-beam 宋代术语耍头nose 攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns 柱头铺作bracket set on columns 宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns 补间铺作bracket sets between columns 宋代术语角科bracket set on corner 转角铺作bracket set on corner 宋代术语出extension of bracket 出跳extension of bracket 宋代术语才cai 跳tiao 宋代术语雀替sparrow brace 搏缝板gable eave board 搏缝版gable eave board 宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work 内檐装修interior finish work 框槛door frame槛stud 抱框jamb on door or window 格栅partition door抹头window stool 棂子grill 裙板panel槛窗sill wall window 榻板window sill 支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing 门簪decorative cylinder 门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf 门枕石bearing stone 抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone 天花ceiling 帽儿梁lattice framing 支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling 海墁天花flat ceiling 藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf 龛niche 博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry 檐墙eave wall 廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall 隔断墙vertical partition wall 槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head 挑檐石cantilever stone on eave 五花山墙stepped gable wall 拔磉corbel, hanging over 叠涩corbel, hanging over 宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab 压阑石rectangular stone slab 宋代术语台阶steps 踏道steps 宋代术语踏垛step 踏step 宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier 垂带drooping belt stone 副子drooping belt stone 宋代术语象眼triangular space 御路yulu, imperial path 羌差ramp须弥座xumizu圭角guijiao 上枋upper fillet and fascia 下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma, recta 下袅lower cyma, reversa 束腰suyao钩栏balustrade 宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade 宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade 望柱baluster 望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel 华版frieze panel 地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail 宋代术语柱顶石capital stone 柱础column base踬zhi 碑碣stone tablet 屃bixi, stone turtle 宋及宋前术语趺fu, stone turtle 清代术语石像生stone animal 石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile 板瓦flat tile 青瓦black tile脊瓦ridge tile 琉璃瓦glazed roof tile 勾头eave tile滴水drip tile 瓦当tile end, eave tile with pattern 正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei 宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being 走兽animal 砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern, colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern 旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画dragons pattern 天花彩画ceiling pattern箍头end portion of painted beam 藻头intermediate portion of painted beam枋心central portion of painted beam 点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting。