伏立康唑针剂说明书

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伏立康唑注射液说明书

伏立康唑注射液说明书

注射用伏立康唑药品名称:通用名称:注射用伏立康唑英文名称:Voriconazole for Injection商品名称:威凡成份:本品主要成份为伏立康唑。

本品是一种广谱的三唑类抗真菌药,其适应症如下:▪治疗侵袭性曲霉病。

▪治疗非中性粒细胞减少患者的念珠菌血症。

▪治疗对氟康唑耐药的念珠菌引起的严重侵袭性感染(包括克柔念珠菌)。

▪治疗由足放线病菌属和镰刀菌属引起的严重感染。

▪本品应主要用于治疗患有进展性、可能威胁生命的感染的患者。

用法用量:本品在静脉滴注前先溶解成10mg/ml,再稀释至不高于5mg/ml的浓度。

静脉滴注速度最快不超过每小时3mg/kg,每瓶滴注时间须1至2小时。

伏立康唑粉针剂不可用于静脉推注。

使用伏立康唑治疗前或治疗期间应监测血电解质,如存在低钾血症、低镁血症和低钙血症等电解质紊乱应予以纠正(参见【注意事项】)。

本品禁止和其它静脉药物在同一输液通路中同时滴注。

即使是各自使用不同的输液通路,本品禁止和血制品或短期输注的电解质浓缩液同时滴注。

使用本品时不需要停用全肠外营养,但需要分不同的静脉通路滴注。

本品另有规格为50mg和200mg的片剂和40mg/ml干混悬剂。

成人用药1.静脉滴注和口服的互换用法无论是静脉滴注或口服给药,首次给药时第一天均应给予首次负荷剂量,以使其血药浓度在给药第一天即接近于稳态浓度。

由于口服片剂的生物利用度很高(96%,参见【药代动力学】),所以在有临床指征时静脉滴注和口服两种给药途径可以互换。

详细剂量见下表2.序贯疗法静脉滴注和口服给药尚可以进行序贯治疗,此时口服给药无需给予负荷剂量,因为此前静脉滴注给药已经使伏立康唑血药浓度达稳态。

推荐剂量如下:3.疗程疗程视患者用药后的临床和微生物学反应而定。

静脉用药的疗程不宜超过6个月。

4.剂量调整在使用本品治疗过程中,医生应当严密监测其潜在的不良反应,并根据患者具体情况及时调整药物方案,参见【不良反应】和【注意事项】。

伏立康唑-血液科幻灯片

伏立康唑-血液科幻灯片
的临床药物相互作用研究。 † 体重<40kg的患者可将口服维持剂量从100mg增加到200mg bid。 伏立康唑说明书。
重庆莱美医药 LUMMY
药物相互作用:监测并考虑调整剂量
合用药物 合用药物 初始剂量调整 改变合用药物剂量 需要进行相关监测
他汀类
苯二氮卓类 长春花碱类 磺脲类 华法林及其他香豆素类抗凝剂
* 已进行了这些药物的临床药物相互作用研究。 † 体重<40kg的患者可将口服维持剂量从100mg增加到200mg bid。 伏立康唑说明书。
重庆莱美医药 LUMMY
药物相互作用:调整合用药物的剂量和监测
合用药物 他克莫司 *† 环孢素*† 减少合用药物剂量 剂量减至1/3 剂量减半 监测 他克莫司浓度 环孢素浓度
重庆莱美医药 LUMMY
药物相互作用:无需调整剂量
伏立康唑与下列药物合用时无需调整剂量
甲氰咪胍 地高辛 茚地那韦 大环内酯类抗生素 麦考酚酸 泼尼松龙 雷尼替丁
重庆莱美医药 LUMMY
抗菌谱 - 广谱抗真菌药
对酵母菌和霉菌均具有抗真菌活性 对多种丝状真菌具有杀菌活性
重庆莱美医药 LUMMY
TM(伏立康唑片) 莱立康
在临床(血液科)的应用
治疗急性侵袭性曲霉病 治疗侵袭性念珠菌病 治疗病原菌未明的侵袭性真菌感染
重庆莱美医药 LUMMY
伏立康唑治疗急性侵袭性曲霉病
曲霉菌是中性粒细胞减少患者并发侵袭性真菌感染最常见的致病菌 之一。
2004年印度学者George等报道,在异基因造血干细胞移植后并发 的真菌感染中,曲霉菌感染的比例高达69.7%!
对念珠菌的抗菌活性(与氟康唑、伊曲康唑和两性霉素B对照)
对念珠菌的抗菌活性(与氟康唑、伊曲康唑和两性霉素B对照)(续)

伏立康唑胶囊说明书及作用

伏立康唑胶囊说明书及作用

伏立康唑胶囊说明书及作用通用名:伏立康唑胶囊生产厂家: 四川美大康华康药业有限公司批准文号:国药准字H20210787药品规格:50mg*8粒药品价格:¥499元【通用名称】伏立康唑胶囊【商品名称】伏立康唑胶囊【英文名称】VoriconazoleCapsules【拼音全码】FuLiKangZuoJiaoNangHuaKang【主要成份】伏立康唑胶囊主要成份为伏立康唑,化学名称为:2R,3S-2-2,4-二氟苯基-3-5-氟基-4-嘧啶-1-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-2-丁醇。

【性状】药品为白色冻干粉剂或片剂。

【适应症/功能主治】治疗侵袭性曲霉病。

治疗非中性粒细胞减少患者中的念珠菌血症。

治疗对氟康唑耐药的念珠菌引起的严重侵袭性感染包括克柔念珠菌。

治疗由足放线病菌属和镰刀菌属引起的严重感染。

【规格型号】50mg*8s【用法用量】口服给药:如果患者治疗反应欠佳,口服给药的维持剂量可以增加到每日2次,每次300mg;体重小于40kg的患者剂量调整为每日2次,每次150mg.其他详见说明书。

【不良反应】总体情况在治疗试验中为常见的不良事件为视觉障碍、发热、皮疹、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、头痛、败血症、周围性水肿、腹痛以及呼吸功能紊乱。

与治疗有关的,导致停药的常见不良事件包括肝功能试验值增高、皮疹和视觉障碍。

视觉障碍和伏立康唑有关的视觉障碍较为常见。

临床试验中,大约30%的患者曾出现过视觉改变、视觉增强、视力模糊、色觉改变和/或畏光。

视觉障碍通常为轻度,罕有导致停药者。

视觉障碍可能与较高的血药浓度和/或剂量有关。

虽然伏立康唑的作用部位似乎主要局限于视网膜,但其作用机制仍不清楚。

一项研究中,以健康志愿者为对象研究了伏立康唑治疗28天对视网膜功能的影响,发现伏立康唑胶囊可减小视网膜电波波形的振幅、缩小视野和改变色觉。

视网膜电图通常用于检测视网膜中的电流情况。

停药后14天视网膜电图、视野和色觉即恢复正常。

伏立康唑对视觉的影响在用药早期即可发生,并持续存在于整个用药期间。

伏立康唑片说明书

伏立康唑片说明书

核准日期:2008年05月27日伏立康唑片说明书请仔细阅读说明书并在医师指导下使用【药品名称】通用名称:伏立康唑片英文名称:Voriconazole Tablets汉语拼音:Fulikangzuo pian【成份】主要成份:伏立康唑化学名称:(2R,3S)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-(5-氟-4-嘧啶)-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-2-丁醇。

化学结构式分子式:C16H14F3N5O分子量:349.3【性状】本品为薄膜衣片,除去包衣后显白色。

【适应症】本品是一种广谱的三唑类抗真菌药,其适应症如下:治疗侵袭性曲霉病。

治疗对氟康唑耐药的念珠菌引起的严重侵袭性感染(包括克柔念珠菌)。

治疗由足放线病菌属和镰刀菌属引起的严重感染。

本品应主要用于治疗免疫缺陷患者中进行性的、可能威胁生命的感染。

【规格】50mg。

【用法用量】成人用药口服给药,首次给药时第一天均应给予负荷剂量,以使其血药浓度在给药第一天即接近于稳态浓度。

由于口服片剂的生物利用度很高(96%),所以在有临床指征时静脉滴注和口服两种给药途径可以互换。

详细剂量见下表:序贯疗法静脉滴注和口服给药尚可以进行序贯治疗,此时口服给药无需给予负荷剂量,因为此前静脉滴注给药已经使伏立康唑血药浓度达稳态,推荐剂量如下:注:*口服维持剂量:体重≥40kg者,每12小时1次,每次200mg,体重<40kg的成年患者,每12小时1次,每次100mg。

疗程疗程视患者用药后的临床和微生物学反应而定。

剂量调整在使用本品治疗过程中,医生应当严密监测其潜在的不良反应,并根据患者具体情况及时调整药物方案,参见【不良反应】和【注意事项】。

口服给药:如果患者治疗反应欠佳,口服给药的维持剂量可以增加到每日2次,每次300mg;体重小于40kg的患者剂量调整为每日2次,每次150mg。

如果患者不能耐受上述较高的剂量,口服给药的维持剂量可以每次减50mg,逐渐减到每日2次,每次200mg(体重小于40kg的患者减到每日2次,每次100mg)。

注射用伏立康唑说明书

注射用伏立康唑说明书

注射用伏立康唑说明书伏立康唑是一种抗真菌药物,适用于各种由真菌感染引起的疾病。

本说明书旨在提供有关伏立康唑注射剂的详细信息,包括适应症、用法用量、不良反应、注意事项等。

请在使用伏立康唑注射剂之前仔细阅读本说明书,并按照医生的指导正确使用。

【药品名称】通用名称:伏立康唑注射剂商品名称:xxx【成分】伏立康唑。

(每毫升含伏立康唑XX毫克)【适应症】1.侵袭性真菌感染,如念珠菌病、组织胞浆菌病等。

2.深部真菌感染,如隐球菌病、念珠菌性感染等。

【用法用量】1.成人常用剂量:每日静脉滴注200-400毫克(以伏立康唑计)。

2.剂量根据患者病情及真菌感染类型而定,应在医生的指导下使用。

3.用药时间通常为2-6周,具体用药时长需根据患者具体情况而定。

【不良反应】1.常见的不良反应包括恶心、呕吐、腹泻等消化系统症状。

2.少见不良反应包括头痛、皮疹、注射部位疼痛等。

3.出现严重过敏反应或其他严重不良反应时应立即停药并就医。

【注意事项】1.使用伏立康唑注射剂前,请告知医生您的过敏史及其他药物使用情况。

2.孕妇、哺乳期妇女、儿童等特殊人群应在医生的指导下使用。

3.注射前需检查皮肤、粘膜及肝肾功能等,以确保安全使用。

4.伏立康唑注射剂仅适用于静脉滴注给药,禁止肌肉内注射。

5.如出现用药期间肝功能异常、白细胞减少等情况,请及时就医处理。

【贮藏】1.请将伏立康唑注射剂存放在阴凉干燥处,避免阳光直射。

2.儿童无法接触到药物。

3.药品过期或包装破损时,请勿使用。

【生产厂商】xxx制药有限公司地址:xxxx电话:xxxxx本说明书仅供参考,请在医生指导下使用伏立康唑注射剂。

如出现不良反应或其他疑问,请及时咨询医生或药师。

注意:本文提供的内容仅供参考,不作为药品的推广、宣传和售卖。

用药需遵循医生的指导,详细信息请参阅药物说明书。

伏立康唑的不良反应有哪些?

伏立康唑的不良反应有哪些?

伏立康唑的不良反应有哪些?
1. 胃肠道反应
•恶心、呕吐:伏立康唑可能引起恶心和呕吐的不适感,通常可以通过饮食调整或减量减轻症状。

•腹泻:部分患者在服用伏立康唑后可能出现腹泻症状,建议增加水分摄入并避免食用含有刺激性的食物。

2. 皮肤反应
•皮疹:个别患者可能在服用伏立康唑后出现皮肤瘙痒、红斑等皮疹症状,需及时就医处理。

•皮肤过敏:少数患者对伏立康唑过敏,可能出现皮肤发红、瘙痒、皮肤肿胀等症状,需立即停药,并接受医生治疗。

3. 肝功能异常
•肝损害:长期或大剂量服用伏立康唑可能导致肝功能异常,患者可能出现黄疸、肝功能指标异常等情况,需及时就医排查原因。

4. 其他不良反应
•头痛、眩晕:少数患者在使用伏立康唑期间可能会出现头痛、眩晕等不适症状。

•胸闷、呼吸困难:极少数患者在服用伏立康唑后可能出现胸闷、呼吸困难等呼吸系统不良反应。

注意事项
•在使用伏立康唑期间,应按照医生的建议和说明书中的用药指导进行使用,避免自行增减剂量或长期使用。

•若出现严重不良反应或过敏症状,应立即就医并告知医生正在使用伏立康唑。

•某些患者有特殊禁忌症或药物相互作用,应在医生指导下使用伏立康唑。

以上是关于伏立康唑的不良反应及注意事项,患者在使用时需密切关注自身症状变化,若有不适应及时就医处理。

伏立康唑说明书

伏立康唑说明书

注射用伏立康唑说明书【药品名称】通用名:注射用伏立康唑商品名:威凡™ (Vfend™)for Solution for Infusion英文名: V oriconazolePowder汉语拼音: ZhusheyongFulikangzuo本品主要成分:伏立康唑,其化学名称为(2R,3S)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-(5-氟基-4-嘧啶)-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-2-丁醇其结构式为:分子式:C16H14F3N5O分子量:349.3【性状】本品为白色冻干粉剂。

【药理毒理】伏立康唑的作用机制是抑制真菌中由细胞色素P450介导的14α-甾醇去甲基化,从而抑制麦角甾醇的生物合成。

体外试验表明伏立康唑具有广谱抗真菌作用。

本品对念珠菌属(包括耐氟康唑的克柔念珠菌,光滑念珠菌和白念珠菌耐药株)具有抗菌作用,对所有检测的曲菌属真菌有杀菌作用。

此外,伏立康唑在体外对其他致病性真菌也有杀菌作用,包括对现有抗真菌药敏感性较低的菌属,例如足放线病菌属和镰刀菌属。

动物实验发现,伏立康唑的最低抑菌浓度值与其疗效有关。

但是在临床研究中,最低抑菌浓度与临床疗效之间并无相关性,并且药物的血浓度和临床疗效之间似乎也无相关性。

这是吡咯类抗真菌药的特点。

微生物学临床试验表明伏立康唑对曲霉属,包括黄曲霉、烟曲霉、土曲霉、黑曲霉、构巢曲霉;念珠菌属,包括白色念珠菌、以及部分都柏林念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、C.inconspicua、克柔念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌和吉利蒙念珠菌;足放线病菌属,包括尖端足分支霉和多育足分支霉和镰刀菌属有临床疗效(好转或治愈,参见后面的临床经验部分)。

其他伏立康唑治疗有效(通常为治愈或好转)的真菌感染包括链格孢属、皮炎芽生菌、头分裂芽生菌、支孢霉属、粗球孢子菌、冠状耳霉、新型隐球菌、喙状明脐菌、棘状外瓶霉、裴氏着色霉、足菌肿马杜拉菌、拟青霉属、青霉菌属,包括马尼弗氏青霉菌、烂木瓶霉、短帚霉和毛孢子菌属,包括白色毛孢子菌感染。

FDA-伏立康唑说明书

FDA-伏立康唑说明书

VFEND® I.V.(voriconazole) for InjectionVFEND® Tablets(voriconazole)VFEND®(voriconazole) for Oral SuspensionDESCRIPTIONVFEND® (voriconazole), a triazole antifungal agent, is available as a lyophilized powder for solution for intravenous infusion, film-coated tablets for oral administration, and as a powder for oral suspension. The structural formula is:Voriconazole is designated chemically as (2R,3S)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(5-fluoro-4-pyrimidinyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanol with an empirical formula of C16H14F3N5O and a molecular weight of 349.3.Voriconazole drug substance is a white to light-colored powder.VFEND I.V. is a white lyophilized powder containing nominally 200 mg voriconazole and 3200 mg sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin sodium in a 30 mL Type I clear glass vial.VFEND I.V. is intended for administration by intravenous infusion. It is a single-dose, unpreserved product. Vials containing 200 mg lyophilized voriconazole are intended for reconstitution with Water for Injection to produce a solution containing 10 mg/mL VFEND and 160 mg/mL of sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin sodium. The resultant solution is further diluted prior to administration as an intravenous infusion (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). VFEND Tablets contain 50 mg or 200 mg of voriconazole. The inactive ingredients include lactose monohydrate, pregelatinized starch, croscarmellose sodium, povidone, magnesiumstearate and a coating containing hypromellose, titanium dioxide, lactose monohydrate and triacetin.VFEND for Oral Suspension is a white to off-white powder providing a white to off-white orange-flavored suspension when reconstituted. Bottles containing 45 g powder for oral suspension are intended for reconstitution with water to produce a suspension containing 40mg/mL voriconazole. The inactive ingredients include colloidal silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, xanthan gum, sodium citrate dihydrate, sodium benzoate, anhydrous citric acid, natural orange flavor, and sucrose.CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGYPharmacokineticsGeneral Pharmacokinetic CharacteristicsThe pharmacokinetics of voriconazole have been characterized in healthy subjects, special populations and patients.The pharmacokinetics of voriconazole are non-linear due to saturation of its metabolism. The interindividual variability of voriconazole pharmacokinetics is high. Greater than proportional increase in exposure is observed with increasing dose. It is estimated that, on average, increasing the oral dose in healthy subjects from 200 mg Q12h to 300 mg Q12h leads to a 2.5-fold increase in exposure (AUCτ), while increasing the intravenous dose from 3 mg/kg Q12h to 4 mg/kg Q12h produces a 2.3-fold increase in exposure (Table 1).Table 1Population Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Voriconazole in Subjects200 mg Oral Q12h 300 mg Oral Q12h 3 mg/kg IV Q12h 4 mg/kg IV Q12hAUCτ* (μg•h/mL) (CV%) 19.86(94%)50.32(74%)21.81(100%)50.40(83%)*Mean AUCτ are predicted values from population pharmacokinetic analysis of data from 236 subjectsDuring oral administration of 200 mg or 300 mg twice daily for 14 days in patients at risk of aspergillosis (mainly patients with malignant neoplasms of lymphatic or hematopoietic tissue), the observed pharmacokinetic characteristics were similar to those observed in healthy subjects (Table 2).Table 2Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Voriconazole in Patients at Risk for Aspergillosis200 mg Oral Q12h(n=9) 300 mg Oral Q12h(n=9)AUCτ* (μg•h/mL ) (CV%) 20.31(69%)36.51(45%)C max* (μg/mL) (CV%) 3.00(51%)4.66(35%)*Geometric mean values on Day 14 of multiple dosing in 2 cohorts of patientsSparse plasma sampling for pharmacokinetics was conducted in the therapeutic studies in patients aged 12-18 years. In 11 adolescent patients who received a mean voriconazole maintenance dose of 4 mg/kg IV, the median of the calculated mean plasma concentrations was 1.60 μg/mL (inter-quartile range 0.28 to 2.73 μg/mL).In 17 adolescent patients for whom mean plasma concentrations were calculated following a mean oral maintenance dose of 200 mg Q12h, the median of the calculated mean plasma concentrations was 1.16 μg/mL (inter-quartile range 0.85 to 2.14 μg/mL).When the recommended intravenous or oral loading dose regimens are administered to healthy subjects, peak plasma concentrations close to steady state are achieved within the first 24 hours of dosing. Without the loading dose, accumulation occurs during twice-daily multiple dosing with steady-state peak plasma voriconazole concentrations being achieved by day 6 in the majority of subjects (Table 3).Table 3Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Voriconazole from Loading Dose and Maintenance Dose Regimens(Individual Studies in Subjects)400 mg Q12h on Day 1, 200 mg Q12h on Days 2 to 10(n=17)6 mg/kg IV** Q12h on Day 1, 3 mg/kg IV Q12h on Days 2 to 10(n=9)Day 1, 1st dose Day 10 Day 1, 1st dose Day 10AUCτ* (μg•h/mL) (CV%) 9.31(38%)11.13(103%)13.22(22%)13.25(58%)C max (μg/mL) (CV%) 2.30(19%)2.08(62%)4.70(22%)3.06(31%)*AUCτ values are calculated over dosing interval of 12 hoursPharmacokinetic parameters for loading and maintenance doses summarized for same cohort of subjects**IV infusion over 60 minutesSteady state trough plasma concentrations with voriconazole are achieved after approximately 5 days of oral or intravenous dosing without a loading dose regimen. However, when an intravenous loading dose regimen is used, steady state trough plasma concentrations are achieved within 1 day.AbsorptionThe pharmacokinetic properties of voriconazole are similar following administration by the intravenous and oral routes. Based on a population pharmacokinetic analysis of pooled data in healthy subjects (N=207), the oral bioavailability of voriconazole is estimated to be 96% (CV 13%). Bioequivalence was established between the 200 mg tablet and the 40 mg/mL oral suspension when administered as a 400 mg Q12h loading dose followed by a 200 mg Q12h maintenance dose.Maximum plasma concentrations (C max) are achieved 1-2 hours after dosing. When multiple doses of voriconazole are administered with high-fat meals, the mean C max and AUCτ are reduced by 34% and 24%, respectively when administered as a tablet and by 58% and 37% respectively when administered as the oral suspension (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).In healthy subjects, the absorption of voriconazole is not affected by coadministration of oral ranitidine, cimetidine, or omeprazole, drugs that are known to increase gastric pH.DistributionThe volume of distribution at steady state for voriconazole is estimated to be 4.6 L/kg, suggesting extensive distribution into tissues. Plasma protein binding is estimated to be 58% and was shown to be independent of plasma concentrations achieved following single and multiple oral doses of 200 mg or 300 mg (approximate range: 0.9-15 μg/mL). Varying degrees of hepatic and renal insufficiency do not affect the protein binding of voriconazole.MetabolismIn vitro studies showed that voriconazole is metabolized by the human hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY - Drug Interactions).In vivo studies indicated that CYP2C19 is significantly involved in the metabolism of voriconazole. This enzyme exhibits genetic polymorphism. For example, 15-20% of Asian populations may be expected to be poor metabolizers. For Caucasians and Blacks, the prevalence of poor metabolizers is 3-5%. Studies conducted in Caucasian and Japanese healthy subjects have shown that poor metabolizers have, on average, 4-fold higher voriconazole exposure (AUCτ) than their homozygous extensive metabolizer counterparts. Subjects who are heterozygous extensive metabolizers have, on average, 2-fold higher voriconazole exposure than their homozygous extensive metabolizer counterparts.The major metabolite of voriconazole is the N-oxide, which accounts for 72% of the circulating radiolabelled metabolites in plasma. Since this metabolite has minimal antifungal activity, it does not contribute to the overall efficacy of voriconazole.ExcretionVoriconazole is eliminated via hepatic metabolism with less than 2% of the dose excreted unchanged in the urine. After administration of a single radiolabelled dose of either oral or IV voriconazole, preceded by multiple oral or IV dosing, approximately 80% to 83% of theradioactivity is recovered in the urine. The majority (>94%) of the total radioactivity is excreted in the first 96 hours after both oral and intravenous dosing.As a result of non-linear pharmacokinetics, the terminal half-life of voriconazole is dose dependent and therefore not useful in predicting the accumulation or elimination of voriconazole.Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic RelationshipsClinical Efficacy and SafetyIn 10 clinical trials, the median values for the average and maximum voriconazole plasma concentrations in individual patients across these studies (N=1121) was 2.51 μg/mL (inter-quartile range 1.21 to 4.44 μg/mL) and 3.79 μg/mL (inter-quartile range 2.06 to 6.31 μg/mL), respectively. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of patient data from 6 of these 10 clinical trials (N=280) could not detect a positive association between mean, maximum or minimum plasma voriconazole concentration and efficacy. However, PK/PD analyses of the data from all 10 clinical trials identified positive associations between plasma voriconazole concentrations and rate of both liver function test abnormalities and visual disturbances (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).ElectrocardiogramA placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study to evaluate the effect on the QT interval of healthy male and female subjects was conducted with three single oral doses of voriconazole and ketoconazole. Serial ECGs and plasma samples were obtained at specified intervals over a 24-hour post dose observation period. The placebo-adjusted mean maximum increases in QTc from baseline after 800, 1200 and 1600 mg of voriconazole and after ketoconazole 800 mg were all <10 msec. Females exhibited a greater increase in QTc than males, although all mean changes were <10 msec. Age was not found to affect the magnitude of increase in QTc. No subject in any group had an increase in QTc of ≥60 msec from baseline. No subject experienced an interval exceeding the potentially clinically relevant threshold of 500 msec. However, the QT effect of voriconazole combined with drugs known to prolong the QT interval is unknown (see CONTRAINDICATIONS, PRECAUTIONS-Drug Interactions).Pharmacokinetics in Special PopulationsGenderIn a multiple oral dose study, the mean C max and AUCτfor healthy young females were 83% and 113% higher, respectively, than in healthy young males (18-45 years), after tablet dosing. In the same study, no significant differences in the mean C max and AUCτ were observed between healthy elderly males and healthy elderly females (>65 years). In a similar study, after dosing with the oral suspension, the mean AUC for healthy young females was 45% higher than in healthy young males whereas the mean C max was comparable between genders. The steady state trough voriconazole concentrations (C min) seen in females were 100% and 91% higher than in males receiving the tablet and the oral suspension, respectively.In the clinical program, no dosage adjustment was made on the basis of gender. The safety profile and plasma concentrations observed in male and female subjects were similar. Therefore, no dosage adjustment based on gender is necessary.GeriatricIn an oral multiple dose study the mean C max and AUCτin healthy elderly males (≥ 65 years) were 61% and 86% higher, respectively, than in young males (18-45 years). No significant differences in the mean C max and AUCτ were observed between healthy elderly females ( ≥ 65 years) and healthy young females (18-45 years).In the clinical program, no dosage adjustment was made on the basis of age. An analysis of pharmacokinetic data obtained from 552 patients from 10 voriconazole clinical trials showed that the median voriconazole plasma concentrations in the elderly patients (>65 years) were approximately 80% to 90% higher than those in the younger patients (≤65 years) after either IV or oral administration. However, the safety profile of voriconazole in young and elderly subjects was similar and, therefore, no dosage adjustment is necessary for the elderly.PediatricA population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted on pooled data from 35 immunocompromised pediatric patients aged 2 to <12 years old who were included in two pharmacokinetic studies of intravenous voriconazole (single dose and multiple dose). Twenty-four of these patients received multiple intravenous maintenance doses of 3 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg.A comparison of the pediatric and adult population pharmacokinetic data revealed that the predicted average steady state plasma concentrations were similar at the maintenance dose of 4 mg/kg every 12 hours in children and 3 mg/kg every 12 hours in adults (medians of 1.19 μg/mL and 1.16 μg/mL in children and adults, respectively) (see PRECAUTIONS, Pediatric Use). Hepatic InsufficiencyAfter a single oral dose (200 mg) of voriconazole in 8 patients with mild (Child-Pugh Class A) and 4 patients with moderate (Child-Pugh Class B) hepatic insufficiency, the mean systemic exposure (AUC) was 3.2-fold higher than in age and weight matched controls with normal hepatic function. There was no difference in mean peak plasma concentrations (C max) between the groups. When only the patients with mild (Child-Pugh Class A) hepatic insufficiency were compared to controls, there was still a 2.3-fold increase in the mean AUC in the group with hepatic insufficiency compared to controls.In an oral multiple dose study, AUCτwas similar in 6 subjects with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B) given a lower maintenance dose of 100 mg twice daily compared to 6 subjects with normal hepatic function given the standard 200 mg twice daily maintenance dose. The mean peak plasma concentrations (C max) were 20% lower in the hepatically impaired group. It is recommended that the standard loading dose regimens be used but that the maintenance dose be halved in patients with mild to moderate hepatic cirrhosis (Child-Pugh Class A and B) receiving voriconazole. No pharmacokinetic data are available for patients with severe hepatic cirrhosis (Child-Pugh Class C) (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).Renal InsufficiencyIn a single oral dose (200 mg) study in 24 subjects with normal renal function and mild to severe renal impairment, systemic exposure (AUC) and peak plasma concentration (C max) of voriconazole were not significantly affected by renal impairment. Therefore, no adjustment is necessary for oral dosing in patients with mild to severe renal impairment.In a multiple dose study of IV voriconazole (6 mg/kg IV loading dose x 2, then 3 mg/kg IV x 5.5 days) in 7 patients with moderate renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance 30-50 mL/min), the systemic exposure (AUC) and peak plasma concentrations (C max) were not significantly different from those in 6 subjects with normal renal function.However, in patients with moderate renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance 30-50 mL/min), accumulation of the intravenous vehicle, SBECD, occurs. The mean systemic exposure (AUC) and peak plasma concentrations (C max) of SBECD were increased 4-fold and almost 50%, respectively, in the moderately impaired group compared to the normal control group. Intravenous voriconazole should be avoided in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <50 mL/min), unless an assessment of the benefit/risk to the patient justifies the use of intravenous voriconazole (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION - Dosage Adjustment).A pharmacokinetic study in subjects with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis showed that voriconazole is dialyzed with clearance of 121 mL/min. The intravenous vehicle, SBECD, is hemodialyzed with clearance of 55 mL/min. A 4-hour hemodialysis session does not remove a sufficient amount of voriconazole to warrant dose adjustment.Drug InteractionsEffects of Other Drugs on VoriconazoleVoriconazole is metabolized by the human hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C19,CYP2C9, and CYP3A4. Results of in vitro metabolism studies indicate that the affinity of voriconazole is highest for CYP2C19, followed by CYP2C9, and is appreciably lower forCYP3A4. Inhibitors or inducers of these three enzymes may increase or decrease voriconazole systemic exposure (plasma concentrations), respectively.The systemic exposure to voriconazole is significantly reduced or is expected to be reduced by the concomitant administration of the following agents and their use is contraindicated: Rifampin (potent CYP450 inducer): Rifampin (600 mg once daily) decreased the steady state C max and AUCτ of voriconazole (200 mg Q12h x 7 days) by an average of 93% and 96%, respectively, in healthy subjects. Doubling the dose of voriconazole to 400 mg Q12h does not restore adequate exposure to voriconazole during coadministration with rifampin. Coadministration of voriconazole and rifampin is contraindicated (see CONTRAINDICATIONS, PRECAUTIONS - Drug Interactions).Ritonavir (potent CYP450 inducer; CYP3A4 inhibitor and substrate): The effect of the coadministration of voriconazole and ritonavir (400 mg and 100 mg) was investigated in twoseparate studies. High-dose ritonavir (400 mg Q12h for 9 days) decreased the steady state C max and AUCτ of oral voriconazole (400 mg Q12h for 1 day, then 200 mg Q12h for 8 days) by an average of 66% and 82%, respectively, in healthy subjects. Low-dose ritonavir (100 mg Q12h for 9 days) decreased the steady state C max and AUCτ of oral voriconazole (400 mg Q12h for 1 day, then 200 mg Q12h for 8 days) by an average of 24% and 39%, respectively, in healthy subjects. Although repeat oral administration of voriconazole did not have a significant effect on steady state C max and AUCτ of high-dose ritonavir in healthy subjects, steady state C max and AUCτ of low-dose ritonavir decreased slightly by 24% and 14% respectively, when administered concomitantly with oral voriconazole in healthy subjects. Coadministration of voriconazole and high-dose ritonavir (400 mg Q12h) is contraindicated.Coadministration of voriconazole and low-dose ritonavir (100 mg Q12h) should be avoided, unless an assessment of the benefit/risk to the patient justifies the use of voriconazole. (see CONTRAINDICATIONS, PRECAUTIONS - Drug Interactions).St. John’s Wort(CYP450 inducer; P-gp inducer): In an independent published study in healthy volunteers who were given multiple oral doses of St. John’s Wort (300 mg LI 160 extract three times daily for 15 days) followed by a single 400 mg oral dose of voriconazole, a 59% decrease in mean voriconazole AUC0-∞was observed. In contrast, coadministration of single oral doses of St. John’s Wort and voriconazole had no appreciable effect on voriconazole AUC0-∞. Because long-term use of St. John’s Wort could lead to reduced voriconazole exposure, concomitant use of voriconazole with St. John’s Wort is contraindicated (see CONTRAINDICATIONS, PRECAUTIONS – Drug Interactions).Carbamazepine and long-acting barbiturates (potent CYP450 inducers): Although not studied in vitro or in vivo, carbamazepine and long-acting barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital, mephobarbital) are likely to significantly decrease plasma voriconazole concentrations. Coadministration of voriconazole with carbamazepine or long-acting barbiturates is contraindicated (see CONTRAINDICATIONS, PRECAUTIONS - Drug Interactions).Minor or no significant pharmacokinetic interactions that do not require dosage adjustment:Cimetidine (non-specific CYP450 inhibitor and increases gastric pH): Cimetidine (400 mgQ12h x 8 days) increased voriconazole steady state C max and AUCτ by an average of 18% (90% CI: 6%, 32%) and 23% (90% CI: 13%, 33%), respectively, following oral doses of 200 mgQ12h x 7 days to healthy subjects.Ranitidine (increases gastric pH): Ranitidine (150 mg Q12h) had no significant effect on voriconazole C max and AUCτfollowing oral doses of 200 mg Q12h x 7 days to healthy subjects.Macrolide antibiotics: Coadministration of erythromycin (CYP3A4 inhibitor;1g Q12h for 7 days) or azithromycin (500 mg qd for 3 days) with voriconazole 200 mg Q12h for 14 days had no significant effect on voriconazole steady state C max and AUCτ in healthy subjects. The effects of voriconazole on the pharmacokinetics of either erythromycin or azithromycin are not known.Effects of Voriconazole on Other DrugsIn vitro studies with human hepatic microsomes show that voriconazole inhibits the metabolic activity of the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4. In these studies, the inhibition potency of voriconazole for CYP3A4 metabolic activity was significantly less than that of two other azoles, ketoconazole and itraconazole. In vitro studies also show that the major metabolite of voriconazole, voriconazole N-oxide, inhibits the metabolic activity of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 to a greater extent than that of CYP2C19. Therefore, there is potential for voriconazole and its major metabolite to increase the systemic exposure (plasma concentrations) of other drugs metabolized by these CYP450 enzymes.The systemic exposure of the following drugs is significantly increased or is expected to be significantly increased by coadministration of voriconazole and their use is contraindicated: Sirolimus (CYP3A4 substrate): Repeat dose administration of oral voriconazole (400 mg Q12h for 1 day, then 200 mg Q12h for 8 days) increased the C max and AUC of sirolimus (2 mg single dose) an average of 7-fold (90% CI: 5.7, 7.5) and 11-fold (90% CI: 9.9, 12.6), respectively, in healthy male subjects. Coadministration of voriconazole and sirolimus is contraindicated (see CONTRAINDICATIONS, PRECAUTIONS - Drug Interactions).Terfenadine, astemizole, cisapride, pimozide and quinidine (CYP3A4 substrates): Although not studied in vitro or in vivo, concomitant administration of voriconazole with terfenadine, astemizole, cisapride, pimozide or quinidine may result in inhibition of the metabolism of these drugs. Increased plasma concentrations of these drugs can lead to QT prolongation and rare occurrences of torsade de pointes. Coadministration of voriconazole and terfenadine, astemizole, cisapride, pimozide and quinidine is contraindicated (see CONTRAINDICATIONS, PRECAUTIONS - Drug Interactions).Ergot alkaloids: Although not studied in vitro or in vivo, voriconazole may increase the plasma concentration of ergot alkaloids (ergotamine and dihydroergotamine) and lead to ergotism. Coadministration of voriconazole with ergot alkaloids is contraindicated (see CONTRAINDICATIONS, PRECAUTIONS - Drug Interactions).Coadministration of voriconazole with the following agents results in increased exposure or is expected to result in increased exposure to these drugs. Therefore, careful monitoring and/or dosage adjustment of these drugs is needed:Cyclosporine (CYP3A4 substrate): In stable renal transplant recipients receiving chronic cyclosporine therapy, concomitant administration of oral voriconazole (200 mg Q12h for 8 days) increased cyclosporine C max and AUCτ an average of 1.1 times (90% CI: 0.9, 1.41) and 1.7 times (90% CI: 1.5, 2.0), respectively, as compared to when cyclosporine was administered without voriconazole. When initiating therapy with voriconazole in patients already receiving cyclosporine, it is recommended that the cyclosporine dose be reduced to one-half of the original dose and followed with frequent monitoring of the cyclosporine blood levels. Increased cyclosporine levels have been associated with nephrotoxicity. When voriconazole is discontinued, cyclosporine levels should be frequently monitored and the dose increased as necessary (see PRECAUTIONS - Drug Interactions).Methadone (CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 substrate): Repeat dose administration of oral voriconazole (400mg Q12h for 1 day, then 200mg Q12h for 4 days) increased the C max and AUCτ of pharmacologically active R-methadone by 31% (90% CI: 22%, 40%) and 47% (90% CI: 38%, 57%), respectively, in subjects receiving a methadone maintenance dose (30-100 mg QD). The C max and AUC of (S)-methadone increased by 65% (90% CI: 53%, 79%) and 103% (90% CI: 85%, 124%), respectively. Increased plasma concentrations of methadone have been associated with toxicity including QT prolongation. Frequent monitoring for adverse events and toxicity related to methadone is recommended during coadministration. Dose reduction of methadone may be needed (see PRECAUTIONS - Drug Interactions).Tacrolimus (CYP3A4 substrate): Repeat oral dose administration of voriconazole (400 mgQ12h x 1 day, then 200 mg Q12h x 6 days) increased tacrolimus (0.1 mg/kg single dose) C max and AUCτ in healthy subjects by an average of 2-fold (90% CI: 1.9, 2.5) and 3-fold (90% CI: 2.7, 3.8), respectively. When initiating therapy with voriconazole in patients already receiving tacrolimus, it is recommended that the tacrolimus dose be reduced to one-third of the original dose and followed with frequent monitoring of the tacrolimus blood levels. Increased tacrolimus levels have been associated with nephrotoxicity. When voriconazole is discontinued, tacrolimus levels should be carefully monitored and the dose increased as necessary (see PRECAUTIONS - Drug Interactions).Warfarin (CYP2C9 substrate): Coadministration of voriconazole (300 mg Q12h x 12 days) with warfarin (30 mg single dose) significantly increased maximum prothrombin time by approximately 2 times that of placebo in healthy subjects. Close monitoring of prothrombin time or other suitable anticoagulation tests is recommended if warfarin and voriconazole are coadministered and the warfarin dose adjusted accordingly (see PRECAUTIONS - Drug Interactions).Oral Coumarin Anticoagulants (CYP2C9, CYP3A4 substrates): Although not studied in vitro or in vivo, voriconazole may increase the plasma concentrations of coumarin anticoagulants and therefore may cause an increase in prothrombin time. If patients receiving coumarin preparations are treated simultaneously with voriconazole, the prothrombin time or other suitable anti-coagulation tests should be monitored at close intervals and the dosage of anticoagulants adjusted accordingly (see PRECAUTIONS - Drug Interactions).Statins (CYP3A4 substrates): Although not studied clinically, voriconazole has been shown to inhibit lovastatin metabolism in vitro (human liver microsomes). Therefore, voriconazole is likely to increase the plasma concentrations of statins that are metabolized by CYP3A4. It is recommended that dose adjustment of the statin be considered during coadministration. Increased statin concentrations in plasma have been associated with rhabdomyolysis (see PRECAUTIONS - Drug Interactions).Benzodiazepines (CYP3A4 substrates): Although not studied clinically, voriconazole has been shown to inhibit midazolam metabolism in vitro (human liver microsomes). Therefore, voriconazole is likely to increase the plasma concentrations of benzodiazepines that are metabolized by CYP3A4 (e.g., midazolam, triazolam, and alprazolam) and lead to a prolongedsedative effect. It is recommended that dose adjustment of the benzodiazepine be considered during coadministration (see PRECAUTIONS - Drug Interactions).Calcium Channel Blockers (CYP3A4 substrates): Although not studied clinically, voriconazole has been shown to inhibit felodipine metabolism in vitro (human liver microsomes). Therefore, voriconazole may increase the plasma concentrations of calcium channel blockers that are metabolized by CYP3A4. Frequent monitoring for adverse events and toxicity related to calcium channel blockers is recommended during coadministration. Dose adjustment of the calcium channel blocker may be needed (see PRECAUTIONS - Drug Interactions).Sulfonylureas (CYP2C9 substrates): Although not studied in vitro or in vivo, voriconazole may increase plasma concentrations of sulfonylureas (e.g., tolbutamide, glipizide, and glyburide) and therefore cause hypoglycemia. Frequent monitoring of blood glucose and appropriate adjustment (i.e., reduction) of the sulfonylurea dosage is recommended during coadministration (see PRECAUTIONS - Drug Interactions).Vinca Alkaloids (CYP3A4 substrates): Although not studied in vitro or in vivo, voriconazole may increase the plasma concentrations of the vinca alkaloids (e.g., vincristine and vinblastine) and lead to neurotoxicity. Therefore, it is recommended that dose adjustment of the vinca alkaloid be considered.No significant pharmacokinetic interactions were observed when voriconazole was coadministered with the following agents. Therefore, no dosage adjustment for these agents is recommended:Prednisolone (CYP3A4 substrate): Voriconazole (200 mg Q12h x 30 days) increased C max and AUC of prednisolone (60 mg single dose) by an average of 11% and 34%, respectively, in healthy subjects.Digoxin (P-glycoprotein mediated transport): Voriconazole (200 mg Q12h x 12 days) had no significant effect on steady state C max and AUCτ of digoxin (0.25 mg once daily for 10 days) in healthy subjects.Mycophenolic acid (UDP-glucuronyl transferase substrate): Voriconazole (200 mg Q12h x 5 days) had no significant effect on the C max and AUCτof mycophenolic acid and its major metabolite, mycophenolic acid glucuronide after administration of a 1 g single oral dose of mycophenolate mofetil.Two-Way InteractionsConcomitant use of the following agents with voriconazole is contraindicated:Rifabutin (potent CYP450 inducer): Rifabutin (300 mg once daily) decreased the C max and AUCτof voriconazole at 200 mg twice daily by an average of 67% (90% CI: 58%, 73%) and 79% (90% CI: 71%, 84%), respectively, in healthy subjects. During coadministration with rifabutin (300 mg once daily), the steady state C max and AUCτof voriconazole following an increased dose of 400 mg twice daily were on average approximately 2 times higher, compared。

威凡说明书

威凡说明书

表 1 所需 10mg/mL 伏立康唑浓缩液的)
10mg/mL 伏立康唑的需要量
4mg/kg 剂量
6mg/kg 剂量
(瓶数)
(瓶数)
10
-
4.0ml (1)
-
15
-
6.0ml (1)
-
20
-
8.0ml (1)
-
25
-
10.0ml (1)
-
30
9.0ml (1)
与利福布汀合用时,伏立康唑的口服维持剂量应从 200mg 每日两次,增加到 350mg 每 日两次(体重小于 40kg 的患者剂量应从 100mg 每日两次,增加到 200mg 每日两次)。参见 【注意事项】和【药物相互作用】。
伏立康唑与依非韦伦合用时,伏立康唑的维持剂量应当增加到 400 mg,每 12 小时 1 次, 依非韦伦的剂量应当减少 50 %,即减少到 300 mg 每日 1 次。停用伏立康唑治疗的时候,依非 韦伦应当恢复到其最初的剂量。参见【注意事项】和【药物相互作用】。
对于儿童的这些推荐剂量是基于伏立康唑干混悬剂的研究结果。尚未在儿童中进行伏立 康唑口服干混悬剂和片剂的生物等效性研究。考虑到儿童的胃肠通过时间较短,片剂在儿童 的吸收可能与成人不同。因此推荐 2-<12 岁的儿童使用伏立康唑干混悬剂。
如果儿童患者不能耐受 7mg/kg 每日 2 次的静脉用药,根据群体药代动力学分析和以往的 临床经验,可以考虑从 7mg/kg 减量到 4mg/kg 每日 2 次。 这个剂量相当于成年人中 3mg/kg 每日 2 次的暴露量。参见【用法用量】中成人用药。
【规格】 伏立康唑 50mg 薄膜衣片, 伏立康唑 200mg 薄膜衣片
【用法用量】 伏立康唑薄膜衣片应至少在饭前 1 小时或者饭后 1 小时后服用。 使用伏立康唑治疗前或治疗期间应监测血电解质,如存在低钾血症、低镁血症和低钙血

伏立康唑 (Voriconazole) 抗真菌药

         伏立康唑 (Voriconazole)   抗真菌药

伏立康唑 (Voriconazole) 抗真菌药伏立康唑 (Voriconazole):抗真菌药伏立康唑(Voriconazole)是一种广谱的抗真菌药物,被广泛用于治疗多种真菌感染病例。

伏立康唑可以通过抑制人体内真菌的生长和繁殖,从而减少感染病症的严重程度,并提供良好的治疗效果。

本文将着重介绍伏立康唑的化学结构、作用机制、临床应用和不良反应等方面内容,以便读者更全面地了解这种抗真菌药物。

一、化学结构伏立康唑是一种二氮杂异恶唑类化合物,其分子式为C16H14F3N5O,分子量为349.31。

其化学名称为2R-(2R,3S)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(5-fluoro-4-pyrimidinyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanol。

化合物呈白色至类白色结晶固体。

二、作用机制伏立康唑通过干扰真菌细胞壁的合成和维持等生物化学过程来抑制真菌的生长。

该药物主要通过抑制真菌特异性的CYP450酶14α-脱甲基化酶的活性,从而干扰真菌分裂子的生成,使真菌菌丝的生长受到抑制。

三、临床应用1. 感染适应症伏立康唑主要用于治疗以下真菌感染病例:- 对于由念珠菌(Candida spp.)、组织胞浆菌(Aspergillus spp.)和曲霉菌(Fusarium spp.)引起的血液感染,伏立康唑被视为一线治疗药物。

- 在对抗由白念珠菌(Fusarium spp.)引起的眼球感染时,伏立康唑可以通过口服或直接眼球注射的方式使用。

- 对于冡斑菌(Scedosporium spp.)和青霉菌(Penicillium spp.)所引起的皮肤和软组织感染,伏立康唑也显示出明显的治疗效果。

2. 用药特点伏立康唑口服吸收良好,可以通过口服药物或静脉注射的方式给药。

与其他抗真菌药物相比,伏立康唑的生物利用度更高,血药浓度更稳定。

该药物的半衰期约为6-9小时,因此需要在一天内分多次给药。

伏立康唑说明书范文

伏立康唑说明书范文

伏立康唑说明书范文一、药物名称通用名称:伏立康唑英文名称:Fluconazole商品名称:伏康二、药物成分伏立康唑主要成分为伏立康唑(Fluconazole),每片含有50毫克或150毫克的伏立康唑。

三、适应症伏立康唑适用于以下情况:1.念珠菌感染:包括阴道、口腔、食管、消化道、皮肤和内脏等部位的念珠菌感染。

2.癣菌感染:包括皮肤、指甲、头发等部位的癣菌感染。

3.深部真菌感染:包括内脏念珠菌感染、组织念珠菌感染、脑膜炎等深部真菌感染。

4.念珠菌致急性或慢性炎症性皮肤黏膜病:如口腔咽峡炎、阴道炎等。

四、用法和用量1.念珠菌感染:一般建议成人口服伏立康唑150毫克,一日一次,连续服用3天。

2.癣菌感染:一般建议成人口服伏立康唑150毫克,一日一次,连续服用2-4周。

3.深部真菌感染:具体用法和用量需根据病情而定,一般建议成人一日一次口服伏立康唑100-400毫克。

4.念珠菌致急性或慢性炎症性皮肤黏膜病:具体用法和用量需根据病情而定,一般建议成人每日口服伏立康唑50毫克。

五、禁忌症1.对伏立康唑或其他酮康唑类药物过敏者禁用。

2. 同时服用西地兰(terfenadine)、地芬诺酮(astemizole)及他拉米苯(cisapride)者禁用。

六、注意事项1.在使用伏立康唑期间,如出现皮疹或其它变态反应,应立即停药并寻求医生的指导。

2.长期大剂量使用伏立康唑可能导致肝损害,患者应定期检查肝功能。

4.老年人、肝功能不全、肾功能不全和心律失常患者使用伏立康唑时需要注意用药剂量。

5.正在服用抗凝药物的患者需注意伏立康唑可能增加抗凝的效果。

6.在服用伏立康唑期间,避免同时或频繁使用酒精。

七、不良反应部分患者在使用伏立康唑期间可能会出现以下不良反应:1.消化系统不适:如恶心、呕吐、腹泻、腹痛等。

2.皮肤反应:如皮疹、瘙痒等。

3.肝功能异常:如肝酶升高等。

4.中枢神经系统反应:如头痛、头晕等。

5.血液系统异常:如白细胞减少、贫血等。

伏立康唑作用特点介绍

伏立康唑作用特点介绍

药物相互作用:监测并考虑调整剂量
合用药物
他汀类*
苯二氮卓类*
长春花碱类† 磺脲类† 华发令‡及其它 香豆素类抗凝剂†
合用药物 初始剂量调整
考虑减量 考虑减量
无需调整剂量 无需调整剂量
无需调整剂量
改变合用药物剂量 需要进行有关监测
药物毒性,不良事件 药物毒性,不良事件 药物毒性,不良事件
血糖
凝血酶原时间
米卡芬净 S S S S S S R R S S S S R R R ?
第39版桑福德抗微生物治疗指南(热病指南) —体外抗菌活性(念珠菌和隐球菌)
微生物
白色念珠菌 光滑念珠菌 热带念珠菌 近平滑念珠菌 克柔念珠菌 季也蒙念珠菌 葡萄牙念珠菌 新型隐球菌
氟康唑 +++
± +++ +++
+++
+ +++
严重难治性侵袭性念珠菌病 • 作为补救用药治疗难治性侵袭性念珠菌感染汇总分析
足放线病菌属和镰刀菌属感染 • 汇总的疗效数据
对各种感染类型的有效率
总体有效率*为55% (27/49)
念珠菌血症 播散性念珠菌感染 其它侵袭性念珠菌病
有效率 (n/N) 52% (11/21)
微生物
烟曲霉 黄曲霉 土曲霉 镰刀菌属
足放线病菌: 尖端赛多孢子菌
足放线病菌: 多育赛多孢子菌
伊曲康唑 ++ ++ ++ ±
-
-
抗真菌药物 伏立康唑 棘白菌素类
两性霉素B
+++ +++ +++ ++

呼吸内科主任:初次服用伏立康唑,一定要知道这五件事

呼吸内科主任:初次服用伏立康唑,一定要知道这五件事

呼吸内科主任:初次服用伏立康唑,一定要知道这五件事提起来伏立康唑,想必大家并不陌生。

它是第二代三唑类抗真菌药物,主要通过作用于麦角固醇的合成,导致真菌细胞膜破裂而亡。

临床上常用于治疗侵袭性曲霉菌、非中性粒细胞减少的念珠菌血症,对氟康唑耐药的念珠菌以及由足放线菌和镰刀菌属引起的严重感染。

具有抗真菌谱广、生物利用度高、可通过血脑屏障等优点,在治疗真菌感染中扮演着重要的角色。

然而,初次服用该药物的患者,一定要留意这5个用药细节。

一、用法用量依据《成人呼吸与重症监护患者真菌感染治疗指南》,选用伏立康唑进行抗真菌感染时,建议进行序贯给药。

静脉给药首次给予负荷剂量6mg/kg,维持剂量选用4mg/kg,一天两次。

待患者症状得到改善后,改为口服给药,一天两次,一次200mg。

二、服用剂量依据该药物说明书,伏立康唑的口服生物利用度高达96%。

且该药物的吸收并不受胃内pH的影响。

但是如果与食物同服,则会降低它的生物利用度和峰浓度。

因此,建议空腹服用,一般是在餐前1小时或餐后1小时服用最佳。

三、肝功不全如何使用?伏立康唑说明书提示,该药物会引起肝损伤。

用药期间,如果出现谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)任何一项超过5倍上限;总胆红素(T-Bil)超过3倍上限时,考虑出现肝功能损伤,建议及时停用该药,以免造成肝损伤进一步加重。

但如果患者只是轻度或者中度肝功能不全的患者(Child Pugh分级为A或B级),可以在密切监测肝功能的情况下使用伏立康唑。

通常采用负荷剂量不变,而维持剂量减半的给药方式。

四、不良反应伏立康唑用药期间,最常见的不良反应为肝功能异常。

此外,还有可逆性视力障碍,精神障碍,皮疹等。

通常情况下,都是轻度的,停药后可自行缓解,但需要密切关注进展情况,如果进展严重,需要及时停药。

五、血药浓度监测该药物到达体内后的代谢为非线性的。

因此,不同患者即使服用相同剂量,也会出现不同的效果。

注射用伏立康唑说明书

注射用伏立康唑说明书

【注射用伏立康唑适应症】本品用于治疗侵袭性曲霉病、对氟康唑耐药的严重侵袭性念珠菌病感染(包括克鲁斯念珠菌)以及由足放线病菌属和镰刀菌属引起的严重真菌感染。

主要用于进行性、有致命危险的免疫损害的患者。

【通用名】注射用伏立康唑【通用名拼音】DEDN【不良反应】总体情况:在治疗试验中最为常见的不良事件为视觉障碍、发热、皮疹、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、头痛、败血症、周围性水肿、腹痛以及呼吸功能紊乱。

与治疗有关的,导致停药的最常见不良事件包括肝功能试验值增高、皮疹和视觉障碍。

关于不良反应的讨论:以下表格中的数据来源于1493例参加伏立康唑治疗研究的患者。

它代表了不同的人群,包括免疫功能低下的患者,例如血液系统恶性肿瘤患者,HIV患者,以及非中型粒细胞减少的患者。

但不包括健康志愿者、因同情而给予治疗者而不是参加治疗研究的患者。

这些患者中男性占62%,平均年龄45.1岁(12-90岁,其中12-18岁的患者49例),白种人占81%,黑种人占9%。

561例患者伏立康唑的疗程超过12周,136例疗程超过6个月。

下表总结了所有治疗研究中发生率≥1%的不良事件,以及发生率。

【注意事项】1. 视觉障碍:疗程超过28天时伏立康唑对视觉功能的影响尚不清楚。

如果连续治疗超过28天,需监测视觉功能,包括视敏度、视力范围以及色觉。

2. 肝毒性:在临床试验中,伏立康唑治疗组中严重的肝脏不良反应并不常见(包括肝炎,胆汁淤积和致死性的暴发性肝衰竭)。

有报道肝毒性反应主要发生在伴有严重基础疾病(主要为恶性血液病)的患者中。

肝脏反应,包括肝炎和黄疸,可以发生在无其它确定危险因素的患者中。

通常停药后肝功能异常即能好转。

3. 监测肝功能:在伏立康唑治疗初及治疗中均需检查肝功能。

患者在治疗初以及在治疗中发生肝功能异常时均必须常规监测肝功能,以防发生更严重的肝脏损害。

监测应包括肝功能的实验室检查(特别是肝功能试验和胆红素)。

如果临床症状体征与肝病发展相一致,应考虑停药。

伏立康唑的功能主治

伏立康唑的功能主治

伏立康唑的功能主治1. 什么是伏立康唑?伏立康唑是一种广谱抗真菌药物,属于酮康唑类药物,具有抗菌和抗真菌的功效。

它能够抑制真菌的生长和繁殖,从而治疗多种真菌感染。

2. 伏立康唑的主要功能伏立康唑具有以下主要功能:•抗真菌作用:伏立康唑能够抑制多种真菌的生长和繁殖,包括念珠菌、白色念珠菌、曲霉菌、皮肤癣菌等。

它通过阻断真菌细胞壁合成和干扰真菌细胞膜的功能,从而达到抗真菌的效果。

•治疗念珠菌感染:伏立康唑可用于治疗念珠菌感染,这是一种常见的黏膜真菌感染疾病。

包括阴道念珠菌感染和口腔念珠菌感染等。

它通过抑制真菌细胞壁的合成,有效杀灭和抑制念珠菌的生长。

•治疗皮肤真菌感染:伏立康唑也可用于治疗皮肤真菌感染,如手癣、足癣和体癣等。

它能够通过外用的方式,直接作用于真菌感染部位,抑制真菌的生长和繁殖,从而减轻病症。

•治疗口腔念珠菌感染:伏立康唑还可以用于治疗口腔念珠菌感染,即口腔内的念珠菌感染。

它可以通过口服的方式,抑制念珠菌的生长和繁殖,减轻口腔疼痛和不适。

•预防复发:伏立康唑在治疗真菌感染后,还可以用于预防复发。

通过持续使用伏立康唑,可以有效地抑制真菌的再次生长和繁殖,减少感染的复发率。

3. 如何正确使用伏立康唑?使用伏立康唑时,应按照医生的指导和药品说明书上的用药指南进行操作。

一般而言,以下是使用伏立康唑的一般步骤:1.剂型选择:根据医生的建议,选择合适的剂型。

伏立康唑可以有口服剂、局部用药剂、阴道软胶囊等剂型供选择。

2.用药频次和时间:按照医生的建议,确定用药的频次和时间。

口服剂一般建议每天一次,局部用药剂根据病情和具体部位的真菌感染程度而定。

3.用药部位:如果是局部用药剂,需要将药物涂抹于真菌感染部位,轻轻按摩以促进吸收。

如果是口服剂,应该在饭后服用,避免空腹。

4.用药时长:按照医生的指示,确定用药的时长。

根据不同的真菌感染类型和严重程度,用药时长会有所不同。

5.注意事项:在使用伏立康唑期间,要注意遵循下列注意事项:–避免与其他药物相互作用,尤其是一些抗真菌药物和抗生素。

伏立康唑

伏立康唑
▪ 急性肝功能异常(谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶升高) • 无需调整剂量 • 监测肝功能进一步升高
▪ 轻、中度肝硬化(Child-Pugh A 和 B) • 使用标准负荷剂量 • 维持剂量应减半
▪ 严重肝硬化(Child-Pugh C)尚未研究 • 仅在权衡利弊后使用 • 严密监测药物毒性
伏立康唑说明书。
概述
▪ 对酵母菌和霉菌均具有抗真菌活性 ▪ 对多种丝状真菌具有杀菌活性
• 曲霉菌属(包括对两性霉素B天然耐药的土曲霉 菌)
• 足放线病菌属和镰刀菌属(包括对多烯类抗真 菌药,如两性霉素B耐药的临床分离菌株)
▪ 对念珠菌属(包括克柔念珠菌和光滑念珠菌)具 有强大的抑菌活性
伏立康唑说明书。
22
几乎所有的念珠菌对伏立康唑敏感
行性、可能威胁生命的感染
伏立康唑说明书。
26
临床疗效
27
临床疗效数据
▪ 侵袭性曲霉菌病 (IA) • 曲霉菌病全球对照研究
▪ 严重难治性侵袭性念珠菌病 • 全球念珠菌血症对照研究 • 作为补救用药治疗难治性侵袭性念珠菌感染汇 总分析
▪ 足放线病菌属和镰刀菌属感染 • 汇总的疗效数据
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临床用吸收迅速(1-2小时达Cmax),口服生物 利用度高(~96%)
预计分布容积大(4.6 L/kg) 非线性药代动力学特性 经肝脏CYP2C19、CYP2C9和CYP3A4同工
酶代谢 伴有慢性肝脏疾病的患者药物暴露量增加 药物相互作用特征明显
20
广谱的抗真菌活性
21
2001年全球61个研究中心1586株血液和其它正常无菌部位的体 液中分离的念珠菌的研究资料(ARTEMIS研究)显示
白色念珠菌(n=916) 光滑念珠菌(n=235) 近平滑念珠菌(n=198) 热带念珠菌(n=150) 克柔念珠菌(n=43) 葡萄牙念珠菌(n=24)
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核准日期:2007年01月04日 修改日期:2009年06月08日;2010年06月04日;2011年07月17日;2012年09月17日;2013年01月 30日;2013年07月02日;2014年06月04日;2015年03月26日;2015年11月07日;2016年04月21日; 2016年05月11日
2、剂量的一般考虑 本品在静脉滴注前先溶解成 10mg/ml,再稀释至不高于 5mg/ml 的浓度。静脉滴注速度最快不
超过每小时 3mg/kg,每瓶滴注时间须 1~2 小时。 伏立康唑粉针剂不可用于静脉推注。 在使用伏立康唑治疗前或治疗期间应监测血电解质,如存在低钾血症、低镁血症和低钙血症
等电解质紊乱应予以纠正。 成人用药 无论静脉滴注还是口服给药,第一天均应给予首次负荷剂量,使其血药浓度接近于稳态浓度。
静脉滴注
口服
患者体重≥40kg*
患者体重<40kg*
负荷剂量(适用 每 12 小时给药 1 次,每次 6 每 12 小时给药 1 次,每次 每 12 小时给药 1 次,每次
于第 1 个 24 小 mg/kg
400 mg
200 mg
时)
维持剂量(开始 每日给药 2 次,每次 4 mg/kg 每日给药 2 次,每次 200 每日给药 2 次,每次 100 mg
如果用于预防,请参见下文。
2 岁~<12 岁以下的儿童和轻体重青少年(12~14 岁且体重<50 公斤者)
应按儿童剂量服用伏立康唑,因为与成人相比,这些青少年的伏立康唑代谢方式与儿童更相
似。
推荐的维持用药方案如下:
静脉
口服
负荷剂量 (适用于第 1 个 24 小时) 维持治疗 (开始用药 24 小时以后)
25
-
10.0 ml (1)
-
20.0 ml (1)
22.5 ml (2)
30
9.0 ml (1)
12.0 ml (1)
18.0 ml (1)
24.0 ml (2)
27.0 ml (2)
35
10.5 ml (1)
14.0 ml (1)
21.0 ml (2)
28.0 ml (2)
31.5 ml (2)
整药物方案,参见【不良反应】和【注意事项】。
如果患者治疗反应欠佳,口服给药的维持剂量可以增加到每日 2 次,每次 300mg;体重<40kg
的患者,剂量调整为每日 2 次,每次 150mg。
如果患者不能耐受上述较高的剂量,口服给药的维持剂量可以每次减 50mg,逐渐减到每日 2
次,每次 200mg(体重<40kg 的患者,减到每日 2 次,每次 100mg)。
20ml 的澄清溶液,溶解后的浓度为 10mg/ml。如果无法将稀释剂吸入粉针剂瓶,则弃去此瓶。推
荐使用标准 20ml 注射器(非自动化注射器),以保证在稀释时量取准确剂量(19ml)的注射用水
或者氯化钠注射液(9 mg/ml [0.9%])。稀释后摇动药瓶直至药物粉末溶解。
本产品仅供单次使用,未用完的溶液应当丢弃。只有清澈、无颗粒的溶液才能使用。
伏立康唑与其他溶液的相容性尚不清楚。参见“配伍禁忌”。 配伍禁忌 本品禁止和其它药物,包括肠道外营养剂(如 Aminofusin 10% Plus)在同一静脉输液通路中 同时滴注。伏立康唑与 Aminofusin 10% Plus 物理不相容,二者在 4℃储存 24 小时后可产生不溶性 微粒。本品滴注结束后,其静脉输液通路可能可用于其它药物的滴注。 血制品和短期输注的电解质浓缩液:开始伏立康唑治疗前应纠正电解质紊乱,如低钾血症、 低镁血症和低钙血症(参见【用法用量】和【注意事项】部分)。即使是各自使用不同的输液通路, 本品禁止和血制品或短期输注的电解质浓缩液同时滴注。 全肠外营养液:使用本品时不需要停用全肠外营养,但需要分不同的静脉通路滴注。如果通 过多腔管进行滴注,全肠外营养需要使用与本品不同的端口。 本品禁止用 4.2%碳酸氢钠溶液稀释。
儿童的推荐剂量是基于干混悬剂的研究。尚未在儿童中进行口服混悬剂和片剂的生物等效性 研究。考虑到儿童患者的胃肠通过时间可能较短,片剂在儿童的吸收可能与成人患者不同。因此 建议 2~<12 岁的儿童患者采用口服干混悬剂配方。
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对于所有其他青少年(12 至 14 岁且体重≥50 kg;15 至 17 岁任何体重),伏立康唑应按 成人剂量给药。
用药时,已溶解好的浓缩液按所需量加到推荐的、相容的稀释液中(见下述),最终配成含量
为 0.5~5mg/ml 的伏立康唑溶液。
稀释
伏立康唑必须以不高于 5 mg/mL 的浓度滴注,滴注时间须 1~2 小时。因此,浓度为 10 mg/mL
的伏立康唑应进一步稀释(可以作为稀释剂的溶液见下文):
1. 根据患者体重,计算稀释 10mg/mL 伏立康唑浓缩液的所需体积(见表 1)
45.0 ml (3)
55
16.5 ml (1)
22.0 ml (2)
33.0 ml (2)
44.0 ml (3)
49.5 ml (3)
60
18.0 ml (1)
24.0 ml (2)
36.0 ml (2)
48.0 ml (3)
54.0 ml (3)
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第2页,共28页
65
19.5 ml (1)
26.0 ml (2)
39.0 ml (2)
70
21.0 ml (2)
28.0 ml (2)
42.0 ml (3)
75
22.5 ml (2)
30.0 ml (2)
45.0 ml (3)
80
24.0 ml (2)
32.0 ml (2)
48.0 ml (3)
85
25.5 ml (2)
注射用伏立康唑为无防腐剂的单剂无菌冻干粉剂。因此,从微生物学的角度,稀释后必须立 即使用。如果不立即滴注,在使用前的保存时间和条件将由使用者负责,保存在 2℃到 8℃的温度 下,除非是在严格控制的、经过验证的无菌条件下进行溶解的,否则保存时间不得超过 24 小时。
伏立康唑可以采用下列注射液稀释: 9mg/ml (0.9%) 的氯化钠注射液 复方乳酸钠注射液 5%葡萄糖和复方乳酸钠注射液 5%葡萄糖和 0.45%氯化钠注射液 5%葡萄糖注射液 含有 20mEq 氯化钾的 5%葡萄糖注射液 0.45%氯化钠注射液 5%葡萄糖和 0.9%氯化钠注射液
34.0 ml (2)
51.0 ml (3)
90
27.0 ml (2)
36.0 ml (2)
54.0 ml (3)
95
28.5 ml (2)
38.0 ml (2)
57.0 ml (3)
100
30.0 ml (2)
40.0 ml (2)
60.0 ml (3)
52.0 ml (3) -
5ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้.5 ml (3) -
剂量 在各年龄组中推荐的预防给药方案与治疗给药方案相同。请参见上面的治疗给药方案表 格。
预防持续时间 尚未在临床试验中对伏立康唑使用时间超过180天的安全性和疗效进行充分的研究。
对于 180 天(6 个月)以上的伏立康唑预防使用,需仔细评估效益与风险平衡。
以下内容同时适用于治疗和预防
康唑浓缩液,加入输注袋或输注瓶中。丢弃未用完的粉针剂瓶。
伏立康唑最终配制溶液的静脉滴注速度最快不超过每小时 3mg/kg,滴注时间须 1~2 小时。
表 1 所需 10mg/mL 伏立康唑浓缩液的体积
体重 (kg)
3 mg/kg 剂量 (瓶数)
10mg/mL 伏立康唑的需要量
4 mg/kg 剂 量(瓶数)
9 mg/kg,每 12 小时 8 mg/kg,每日 2 次
未建议
9 mg/kg,每日 2 次 (最大剂量 350 mg,每日 2 次)
备注:基于 112 例 2 岁~<12 岁免疫缺陷儿童患者和 26 例 12 岁~<17 岁免疫缺陷青少年患者的群体药代动力学 分析结果。
建议通过静脉滴注疗法开始治疗,并且只在取得明显临床改善时才考虑口服疗法。请注意,8 mg/kg 静脉滴注时伏立康唑暴露量大约是 9 mg/kg 口服时伏立康唑暴露量的两倍。
醇。
化学结构式:
N
N
N
CH3 F
OH
F
N
N
F
分子式:C16H14F3N5O 分子量:349.31 本品所含辅料为:磺丁倍他环糊精钠(SBECD)。
【性状】 本品为白色或类白色粉末或白色固体。
【适应症】 本品是一种广谱的三唑类抗真菌药,适用于治疗成人和 2 岁及 2 岁以上儿童患者的下列真菌
感染: (1)侵袭性曲霉病。 (2)非中性粒细胞减少患者中的念珠菌血症。 (3)对氟康唑耐药的念珠菌引起的严重侵袭性感染(包括克柔念珠菌)。 (4)由足放线病菌属和镰刀菌属引起的严重感染。
由于口服剂型的生物利用度很高(96%),在有临床指征时口服和静脉滴注两种给药方法可以互换。
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本品另有规格为 50mg 和 200mg 的片剂,和 40mg/ml 干混悬剂。
3、推荐剂量及其调整和治疗持续时间
成人及青少年(12~14 岁且体重≥50 公斤者;15~17 岁者)的推荐剂量:
6 mg/kg 剂量 (瓶数)
8 mg/kg 剂量 (瓶数)
9 mg/kg 剂量 (瓶数)
10
-
4.0 ml (1)
-
8.0 ml (1)
9.0 ml (1)
15
-
6.0 ml (1)
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