书面表达与词汇减少部分

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英语教学中书面表达存在的问题及对策

舌头）Ｃ “ 等，．滚雪球” 式记忆（根据词义、构词法、反义词、近
义词等）。２依托教材内容，视语法教学重
学生在书面表达中最突出的问题是缺乏写作素材，而新
教材的内容涉及社会生活的各个方面，包括教育、科技、卫
识不扎实，了初中随着英语难度的加大，当多的学生对到相
英语学习产牛畏惧、厌恶等心理，以致对英语学习渐渐失去
了兴趣。
摸索了几种方法，效果不错。Ａ．词画圈。能强化学生对生本课新单词的重视。Ｂ．象联想记忆。如：ｐｏｔ芽（形ｓｒｕ发春天出来）ｔｍａｏｏｉｎ前后对称）ｏｇｅ发音汉意结合：ｏｔ，ｎｏ（ｔｎｕ（烫
间会话基本不用英语。上家长的文化普遍很低，加学校教学条件差，没有现代电教设施，学生缺乏学习英语的良好环境。
学生没有养成动口、手、动动脑的英语学习习惯，也没有掌握
生、育、体天文、理、史等。丰富多彩的主题能让学生在地历
英语学习中接触真正实用的英语。教师在指导学生掌握材
料中出现的生词词组和句型的同时，应帮助学生欣赏其遣词造句和谋篇布局的方法，逐步培养学生语言组织和写作构思
能力。首先在课堂上把词汇学习寓于课文整体教学中。孤立地学习单词是机械记忆，易遗忘，致在语境中不易理解，容导很难运用。如果遵循 “ 不离句，不离文，词句文不离法 ” 的原则，把词汇放在句子、语篇只去理解，能达到学以致用和全就面掌握的目的。这对英语写作是一大帮助。其次根据语音

2018年中考英语评卷—书面表达、词汇评卷工作总结

2018年中考英语评卷—书面表达评卷工作总结海口市金盘实验学校亲爱的各位老师，各位英语评卷大家庭的家人们，大家下午好。

我是第三题组的张婧，来自海口市金盘实验学校，很荣幸能代表第三题组做汇报。

今天上午完成试卷评阅任务后，我们第三题组的老师齐聚一堂，针对2018年中考英语试卷和本次评卷工作进行了讨论。

其中，很多老师的发言给了我们很多启发。

现在，我把我们的看法和反思分享给大家。

首先，对本次评卷工作的组织与管理，老师给与了很高的评价，认为组织管理井然有序，应急处理及时有效，细节处充满人文关怀。

对各位关心我们的领导和后勤保障人员，我们充满感激。

下面，我将从试题评价，学生存在问题和对教学的反思与建议三个方面进行汇报。

一、试题评价对于2018年中考英语试卷，老师们也进行了仔细的研讨，尤其是我们负责阅卷的书面表达部分。

2018年的海南省中考英语书面表达以第十届海南省“书香节”为背景，以“I l ike reading”为主题写一篇征文，词数不少于80词。

本次重点考查了考生运用语言知识、有逻辑地表述思维过程并在主题语境中恰当说事的能力。

在改卷的过程中，通过学习试卷和评分细则，以及批阅学生试卷，反思如下：1．对书面表达试题的评价（1）延续开放性，彰显核心素养2018年的书面表达题目延续了近几年思维导图类题目的特点，通过读书四个方面的提示内容，设置了半开放的情境，一方面给与学生搭建了脚手架，让不同程度的学生有话可说，有句可写；另一方面，减少了对学生思维的限制，从语言能力、思维品质、文化品格等多维度考察学生的综合能力。

（2）体现教育性，凸显兼容、个性试题在设计上融入了“书香海南”“书香校园”的倡议，注重对考生情感态度价值观的正向引导，坚持立德树人、育人为本，考生的答题过程就是一次潜移默化的接受人文熏陶的过程。

同时，考题密切关注了考生的生活背景，个体经历和思维习惯的不同，给各层次的考生搭建了一个展示自我的平台。

让不同水平、不同层次的考生从多角度思考问题，展现个性。

英语书面表达指导(词法与句法)

创新表达：You awoke me to the importance of study.
三、变换词汇，减少重复.
写作时的一大忌就是多次出现同一个词汇。其实一个意思可以有多种不同的表达方式，我们不妨使用多样的词汇来替换。例如： 1. Different opinions lead to different ways.
创新表达： This dress is much to my taste.
二、婉转表达，弯道超车。
学会灵活替换词汇，运用婉转的方式来表达同样的意思，达到曲径通幽的效果。例如： 1.通俗表达： He fully understood th表达：He produced an excellent insight into the meaning of this story. 2. 通俗表达：You made me realize the importance of study.
The teacher spoke highly of Mike. 3. I don’t know how to improve my article.
I don’t know how to polish up my article.
I ‘m afraid this article needs polishing up before we print it
五、积累新词，减少老词的使用.
在写作中我们应尽量使用新词，即我们高中阶段，甚至是高三才碰到的词。重复使用初中或小学时学的初级词汇会使你的分数大打折扣。例如： 1. In China, many young people are eager to buy a house. 可替换为：In China, many young people are anxious to purchase a house. 2. Your performance is perfect. 可替换为：Your performance is incredible.

【初中英语】2023年中考英语书面表达预测及范文(16篇)

【初中英语】2023年中考英语书面表达预测及范文（16篇）（一）上周你去你市科技馆进行了参观,你对“未来机器人与人类生活”主题展厅的一款家庭医生机器人很感兴趣,你打算在本周英语课的duty report(值日生报告)上向你班同学介绍它。

请你根据下面的要点提示写一篇短文做准备。

内容提示：1.外观：像一位可爱的女孩；高1.2米；2.材料：再生材料(recycled material),如玻璃、塑料(plastic)等；3.功能：在健康方面提建议；治疗普通的疾病；照顾老人和孩子。

要求：1.内容应包括所有的要点提示,可适当发挥；2.语言表达要准确,语句要通顺、连贯；3.不少于100词。

开头已给出,不计入总词数。

Last week, I went to the science and technology museum.【范文赏析】Last week,I went to the science and technology museum.I was greatly interested in a new kind of robot Home Doctor.Home Doctor was invented two months ago.And it was invented by three young men.It looks like a lovely girl,and it is about 1.2 meters tall.It is made from recycled materials,like glass and plastic.Home Doctor can not only give people lots of advice on health,but also treat common diseases at home.It will save people a lot of time,because they needn't go to thehospital whenever they feel sick or get hurt.What's more,it can help take good care of the old people and babies at home.I believe Home Doctor will be very popular with people in the future.（二）心理学专家Mr. Jones接受你校学生会的邀请,将在星期五下午三点半来你校做题为“What Should You Do When You Are Upset”的讲座。

2020届二轮复习书面表达中如何使用高级复杂词汇来添光彩

2020 届二轮复习书面表达中如何使用高级复杂词汇来添光彩考生写作时要恰当地使用一些大多数考生可能想不到的词汇，或多使用短语、习语来代替一些单词，以提高文章的得分档次。

类型一名词1．old people →the elderly/senior citizens 老人As is known to us,it is a fine tradition for us Chinese to show respect for senior citizens .2．a way to →an appro ach to 做某事的方法We should adopt an appropriate approach to dealing with the problem.3．all kinds of →a variety of/various/a wider range of 各种各样的Inadditionto these traditional activities, we have a wider range of choicessuchastravelling and visiting our relativesor friends.In addition,it does benefit you if you participate in a variety of afterclass activities.4．prize→reward 奖赏A 1， 000 yuan reward has been offered for the return of the stolen painting.类型二形容词、副词1．hard/difficult →tough/challenging 困难的Expertsthink that it is tough for humanbeingsto live on the Mars, because they will face the bitter cold weather, loneliness and fear.2 ．good → rewarding/worthwhile/beneficial/of great benefit 有益的What's more, riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.3．very→more than 非常I'm more than delighted to receive your letter and know that you've been admitted to the University of Cambridge.4．bad→terrible/awful 糟糕的Asfar asI know ， the travelers experienced an awful risk in the forest.5．glad→pleased/delighted/cheerful/joyful 高兴的I'mmore than delighted to learnthat some of usstudentswill have an opportunity to study in the U ． K . as exchange students for two months.6．common →familia r 熟悉的Having lived in Shanghai for 20years,I am familiar with every corner of the city.7．free→available 有空的I'd appreciate it if you can take my suggestions into account when you are available .8．often→regularly/frequently 经常的I keep in touch with my parents regularly after I leave them.9．be active in →get actively involved in 积极参与It really benefited me a lot to get actively involved in English Corner after class.10．be busy with →be absorbed in/be occupied wit h 忙于A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in thewall and he was absorbed in his reading.11．honestly →to be honest 诚实地说To be honest, I also find that I still have some bad learning habits.12．important →of vital/great importance 重要的However,I was busy preparing for my final exam at that time,which was of vital importance for me.That was a very good opportunity for me to improve my Englishand know more about the environmental protectionwhich is of great importance to us human beings.13．necessary →a must 必须I amChinese, whichmeansMandarinis a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life.14．possibly →wh enever possible 可能地I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible .15．properly →in plac e 合适地Firstly, I collected all the books, newspapers and otherthings scattered in the rooms and put them in place .16．quickly →without delay 迅速地I am sorry that I didn't reply without delay .17．sorry→upset 难过What impressed me most was that I failed in an English exam,feeling extremely upset and disappointed.18．proper →appropriat e 合适的With such a technique,examiners are able to provide various suggestions on appropriate ways of exercise for examinees.19．actually →as a matter of fact 事实上As a matter of fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in using the shared bikes.20．be able to do →be capable of do ing 能够做In this way, youwill be capable of communicating withother students easily.类型三动词及动词短语1．realize →raise one's awareness of 意识到Meanwhile,I will also organize some activities between universities,such as holding English debates and speeches, through which we can raise students' awareness of competition.2．affect/work →make a difference 有影响；起作用If everyone does one thing for our school, I believe it will make a big difference and that we will turn our school into a better place to study and live in.3．attract →appeal t o 吸引In addition,the scenery here will also appeal to you.4．be coming →be approaching/be around the corner 到来With the winter vacation approaching, I intend to find a parttime job during this period of time.5．consider →take sth. into account/consideration 考虑I'd appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration . Looking forward to your approval.6．decide→make a decision 决定But after a deep thinking I made a decision that I shouldaccept the offer.7．deliver →give away 分发That weekend,we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave the gifts away to the people there.8．master→have a good command of 掌握I have a good command of English,which enables me to communicate with foreign friends well.9．expect→look forward to 盼望I am looking forward to your earliest reply.10．improve →make great progress 取得进步Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning, by which you are sure to make great progress .11．finish→accomplish 完成We will manage to accomplish the task in time even though it is difficult.12．laugh loud →burst into laughter 大笑Hearing this,the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate's face turned red.13．lead to →result in 导致Ina sense, the generationgap isa signof social progress,but it also results in difficulties in communication.14．leave school →drop out of school 辍学After class,I learned from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if he hadn't beenhelped by others.15．use→make use of/take advantage of 利用I will make full use of this opportunity to practise my speaking skills and get more experience.(2018 · 6 月浙江高考应用文写作)With the final examination approaching ， we must take full advantage of every minute to go over our lessons.16．praise →sing high praise for 表扬Much to my delight, Michael sang high praise for my great achievements before my classmates.17．reach→live up to 达到I amsure that I canperfectly live up to your expectations.18．remember →keep/bear in mind 记住First of all,bear/keep in mind that you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time.( 2018 ·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)19．represent →on behalf of 代表Asthe president of the Student Union, I want to talk withyou about the donation of books on behalf of my school.20．show→reflect 显示，反映It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.21．succeed →achieve one's academic goals 成功Personally,I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals .22．try→make more effort/spare no effort 尽力We should spare no effort(s) to beautify our environment.23．understand →have a better understanding of/figureout 理解Thanksto your generoushelp, I do believe that I willhave a better understanding of your country and culture.24．like→have a taste for/be fond of/be crazy about喜欢As far as I know,the gifted boy has a taste for music.25．welcome sb. →give sb. a warm welcome 欢迎When the craftsman came into the classroom,we gave him a warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box.26．overcome →get ove r 克服Michael encouraged me to get over trouble bravely and confidently.27．be→serve as 充当From thisexperience I have learnt that questioning canserve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.28．succeed →make it 成功Only when you do more reading and writing can you make it in improving your English.29．value→attach importance to 重视We will also attach importance to reading and writing when learning Chinese.30．give up →sacrifice 放弃I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit.31．start→throw oneself into 开始，投身We hope that withyour help, all people throw themselves into caring for the fate of Yangtze Finless Porpoises.32．help→lend a helping hand/do sb. a favour 帮助Successfully,I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, which have been appreciated by both teachers and my classmates.I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favour .33．want→have an idea of 想要Most of my classmateswanted to go to a park while Ihad an idea of going to a nicer place.34．should →be supposed to 应该Everyone is supposed to put forward some suggestionson how to improve our environment at the meeting.35．refuse to listen to →turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻Asfar asI know, it iswrong of usto turn a deaf ear to our parents' good suggestions.36．ask sb. for help →turnto sb. for help /seek help from sb. 向某人求助Since youhave some trouble inlearning English ，why not turn to him for help?37．get→gain(experience)From this voluntary activity, not only did I broaden my horizons but also gained valuable experience.38．make sb. do sth. → enable sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事The old man donated a lot of money to the school, enabling the students to return to their classroom.39．want to do sth. →have a strong desire to do sth. 想要做某事Sometimes,it's necessary to compromise with your friends when you have a strong desire to keep the friendship.40．visit→pay a visit to 参观No wonder that so many tourists pay a visit to thedinosaur theme park every day.类型四衔接及其他1．first→to start with /to beginwith /inthe first place 首先To begin with, these are the traditional customs in the Dragon Boat Festivals,which is celebrated in memory of Qu Yuan.2．besides →what's more/in addition/furthermore 此外What's more, I consider it a gold chance to enjoy the wonderful scenery and taste the delicious food here and there.3．I believe →I hold the firm belief that ... 我相信I hold the firm belief that we will succeed in preventingthe situation from getting worse.4．when/while you are in China →during your stay in China 你在中国期间You can go travelling to enjoy the beautiful scenery as well as the new looks of the villages and towns during your stay in China .5．be for→be in favor of 同意However, others are in favor of the inclusionbecause it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language.6．It is accepted that →It's acknowledged that 大家公认，认可……It's widely acknowledged that we master English by practising it.7．be popular with → en joy great popularity 受到欢迎As one of the traditional Chinese festivals,it has been enjoying great popularity in our country.8．be the hope of →shoulder the hope of 肩负着希望It showsa commonphenomenonnowadaysthat children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents.9．write anything about it →write anything relevant 写有关的事You can write anything relevant so long as it's interesting.10．many→a large number of 许多I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that Ilove reading and I own a large number of books.类型五常用高频词块1．devote oneself/one's life to 献身于，致力于The villagersall show respect for the old manbecause he has devoted all his life to the education in the remotemountain village.2．sign up for 报名参加Youcango to your monitor to sign up for the competition before April 20th.3．provide sb. withsth. /provide sth. for sb. 给某人提供……The majority of students believe that part time jobswill provide them with more opportunities to develop their communication skills.4．lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事The information I've collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.5．witnessed/see 目睹、见证①The first few years in the 21st century has witnessed the rapid rise of China as a world economic power.②The year 2019 saw a sharp increase in the number o f overseas travelers compared with the year 2018.6．be addicted to 痴迷于Many students are addicted to playing video gamesand can't concentrate on their studies,which has become the focus of media attention.7．take on a new look 呈现新的面貌In recent years,with the rapid development of economy, my hometown has taken on a new look .8．enrich one's life/enrich the life of sb. 丰富某人的生活The aim of the activities is to enrich the lives of foreign students.9．take an active part in 积极参加I take an active part in variousactivitiesin and outside my school and have been able to keep a really good relationship with those around me.10．broaden our horizons 开拓视野Furthermore, it is helpful to broaden our horizons and improve our understanding of the world.11．be faced with 面对Faced with difficulties, they never give up and try theirbest to find a way out.12．be used to/be accustomed to 习惯于Accustomed to the climate in the countryside,the old couple prefer not to move to the city.13．be located in/on 坐落于Firstly,citizens will have easy access to it because Shanghai Museum is located in the center of the city.14．put/lay/place emphasis on 强调Whenit comesto how to learnEnglisheffectively, I thinkwe should put emphasis on reading as well as grammar.15．both physically and mentally 身心Not only doessmoking waste your time and money, but italso does harm to your health both physically and mentally .16．on the decrease/increase 在减少/增加Inour school the number of studentswho are addicted to computer games is on the decrease .17．rank first/get the first place 第一Last year, I got the first place in the English composition/contest in West District,Beijing.18．English speech contest/competition 英语演讲比赛I amglad to tell youthat I will go to Beijing to take part inan English speech contest/competition in July.19．work out 锻炼As far as stress is concerned,I suggest you work out regularly.20．work out a plan 制定计划You had better work out a practical and specific plan, according to which you can manage your time more efficiently.21．leave/make a good /deep impression on sb. 给某人留下好的/深的印象So charming are the sights of Jiuzhaigou that they leave a deep impression on visitors from home and abroad.。

英语书面表达基础必备

内容提示：
1.小明随父亲打工进城；
2.小明到一所中学继续读书；
3.在学习上不明遇到一些困难；
4.同学们想办法帮助他，使他克服了困难，取得了进步。
「参考范文」
Xiaoming‘s father found a job in the city，and Xiaotning had to go there with him. He went on with his study in a middle school，but he began to have some problems in his study. Happily for him，his new classmates were very kind and tried to help him in different ways. Soon Xiaoming solved all the problems and did better and better in all the subjects.
英语书面表达题的必备基础
书面表达是每年中考必考题型，这类题主要是考查考生英语知识的综合运用能力和交际能力。中考书面表达的要求一般是根据所提供的情景写一篇60至80词的短文，提供情景的方式有纯汉字提示、图画图表或表格加少量文字提示。中考写面表达的体裁一般为记叙文和应用文，特别是书信、日记、通知、留言、假条等实用性文体，其题材都与考生的生活或学习息息相关，为考生所熟悉。考生所写的短文都必须要点完整，紧扣主题，文理通顺，语言准确得当，格式正确，无大、小写和拼写错误，标点符号正确，能达到交际目的。突破书面表达，考生需具体以下几个方面的基础：
2.对于应用文写作一定要仔细阅读写作要求、所给的提示、文字说明等材料，确定写作的文体和格式；根据提供的写作材料，确立主题，列出要点；根据要点运用所掌握的英语词语和知识把要点适当展开，用自己最熟悉最有把握的句型和词汇来表达。尽可能地用多样化的句子结构和句型，使语言丰富、流畅。

书面表达高级词汇的使用

请使用高级词汇提升下面考生作文 [平庸作文]
On the Way to School These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment. Changing this situation ① needs considerable effort on the part of everyone. As for me, it should start on my way to school.
Ⅰ.请用高级词汇改写下列句子 1．I can no longer bear the way he speaks to us.
→I can no longer put up with the way he speaks to us. 2．He didn't listen to what I said in the class. →He turned a deaf ear to what I said in the class.
3．We all have the same chance. →We all possess the same chance.
4．His wife came back home after the advanced training class, feeling very tired . →His wife came back home after the advanced training class, feeling very exhausted .
you want .(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)

高中英语书面表达中存在的问题及解决办法

高中英语书面表达中存在的问题及解决办法摘要：书面表达在英语学习中起着非常重要的作用，是整个英语试题的重要组成部分。

但书面表达却是不少学生最薄弱的环节，本文分析了学生在书面表达中存在的一些普遍问题并提出了解决这些问题的对策。

关键词：书面表达；问题；解决方法作者简介：曹辉，任教于江苏省宝应县画川高级中学。

一、学生在书面表达中存在的问题1.人称错误人称错误在书面表达中算是大错，部分学生会因为审题不清而造成失分较多。

以下面练习为例：如果你是一名高三学生，经常为看电视的事跟妈妈闹意见，今天你和妈妈意见达成一致。

请根据以下表格的内容，以an agreement为题写一篇150字左右的英语短文。

注意：（1）短文的开头已给出，不记入总词数。

(2)要包括表格中的内容，但不要逐句翻译。

（3）可以适当增添合乎情理的过渡性语言。

这篇文章看似简单，但在改卷子的时候发现，不少同学是以his son 的口吻写，没有仔细审清题中“如果你是一名高三学生，经常为看电视的事跟妈妈闹意见，今天你和妈妈意见达成一致”的条件需要按照第一人称的形式写。

2.时态、语态错误时态、语态错误是学生在书面表达中经常会犯的错误，如“In the past 20 years, 50,000 students were sent to more than 100 countries. He found that a bag of cornwas stolen from his house.”等。

这些错误主要是因为学生考虑不到动作发生的先后顺序及动作执行者与被执行者的关系等等。

3.句子结构错误句子结构错误主要表现在以下几方面：（1）不遵循英语句式，按汉语思维或习惯拼凑中国式英语。

例如：They think learn English should from childhood.（2）谓语动词错误，经常在一个句子中出现两个或两个以上谓语或者缺少谓语动词。

例如：There are many people study English.(there be 句型就是一个典型的多谓语的句子)。

沟通中存在的问题及对策

沟通中存在的问题及对策一、引言在现代社会中，沟通作为人际交往的重要方式，扮演着连接个体和群体之间的桥梁。

然而，在实际沟通过程中，我们常常会遇到各种问题。

本文将探讨有关沟通中存在的问题，并提出对策以改善和优化沟通效果。

二、言不达意1. 语言障碍：不同地区、不同国家的语言差异导致了理解上的障碍。

例如，在海外工作或旅行时，可能会遇到本土人士听得懂但说不好英语等情况。

2. 词汇缺失：有时我们希望用某个特定词汇来表达自己的观点或感受，却找不到合适的词汇来传达。

3. 口头与书面表达能力差异：即使是母语使用者也可能在书面表达跟口头表达之间产生差别，造成内容理解上混淆和误解。

对策:1. 学习他人习惯用语，并积极钻研当地文化和专业术语以减少语言障碍。

2.丰富自己词汇量，积极学习和使用同义词或者近义词以适应不同的表达需求。

3. 提高口头与书面表达能力：定期参加演讲活动、练习写作等可以帮助提升沟通效果。

三、非语言因素1. 身体语言：人们的肢体动作、姿态和面部表情也会传递信息。

如果我们无法准确理解这些非语言信号，可能导致沟通误解。

2. 文化差异：不同文化背景之间存在着行为规范和价值观念上的差异，在跨文化沟通中容易引发误解甚至冲突。

对策:1. 注重观察他人肢体语言并加以学习分析，并在实际交流中灵活运用。

2. 在跨文化交流时，了解相关国家或地区的礼仪、信仰和社会风俗，并尊重对方文化背景。

四、信息过载随着信息技术发展，我们现代人常常受到海量信息围绕。

然而，在大数据环境下也存在以下问题：1. 混乱的信息排序：搜索引擎给出的结果可能会根据个性偏好进行排序，很难找到准确的信息。

2. 虚假和不可靠的信息：网络上存在大量虚假、误导性或不准确的信息，我们容易受到错误引导。

对策:1. 优化搜索技巧，学习如何使用准确关键词来获取有效信息，并参考权威机构发布的内容。

2. 提高自身批判性思维能力，辨别真伪资讯，通过多个渠道验证重要信息的准确性。

高中英语2024届高考图表类书面表达素材(常用词汇+常用句式+功能句型)

高考英语图表类书面表达素材一、常用词汇1.点明图表所反映的主题table 表格，chart 图表，diagram 图解/示意图，figure图形/数字，describe 描述，tell 告诉，show 表明，represent 描绘/展示，indicate 显示2.分析数据差异及变化趋势（1）表示上升或增加的：rise, increase, go up（2）表示下降或减少的：decrease, fall, reduce, decline, drop, go down（3）表示变化特点的：sharply 急剧地，quickly 迅速地，rapidly 快速地，dramatically 戏剧性地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地。

（4）表示比较的：compared different from, difference between, while,contrary, however, more than, less than。

3.描述图表变化趋势上升(v.)：increase; go up; rise; improve; grow;jump; rocket; soar; surge; shoot up（猛增）上升(n.)：increase; rise; growth; jump; surge下降(v.)：fall; drop; decrease; decline; go down; sink; dipplummet; plunge（暴跌）下降(n.)：decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop波动(v.)：fluctuate波动(n.)：fluctuation持平(v.)：stabilize; remain the same trend; remain stable; remain constant; level off多条曲线趋势一致：A andB share the same trend; the trend of A happens to coincide with B4.描述图表变化程度程度很大significantly；considerably；rapidly；sharply；dramatically；drastically; enormously；substantially；markedly程度较轻slightly；gradually；slowly; steadily；moderately5.极值类最高点：reach the peak/top/highest point；increase to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉increase) 最低点：reach/hit the bottom/lowest point；drop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉drop)占比最多：occupy/ make up/ take up/ account for/ the largestproportion/number/percentage of …占比最少：occupy/ make up/ take up/ account for the smallestproportion/number/percentage of…6.表示"大约"about/around + 数字数字+ or soapproximately + 数字二、常用句式（一）表示“说明”在说明图表的时候，要使用下列表示“说明”的常用句式，它们可以帮助读者弄清楚所引信息的出处，有效地将你要说的话带出来。

书面表达常用词汇

书面表达常用词汇★高频形容词：贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigourous =animated流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent = pervasive★高频动词：提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize引起：cause = trigger = endanger解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate培养：develop = cultivate = foster = nurture激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur认为：think = assert = hold = claim = argue完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten★高频名词：影响：influence= impact危险：danger = perils =hazards污染：pollution = contamination人类：human beings= mankind = humane race老人：old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue责任：responsibility = obligation = duty = liability能力：ability = capacity = power = skill职业：job = career = employment = profession娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment孩子：children = offspring = descendant = kid★高频短语：充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of一些：a few=a handful of=a fistful of=several=a couple of越来越：be increasingly + adj, be on the rise, the growing number of，an increasing number of 越来越多的…人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that许多问题：a host of/a multitude of problems引起人们注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth意识到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awaken sb To the fact/danger适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change接触各种思想、经历：be exposed to new ideas/experience/problems接触社会：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society获得成功：achieve/accomplish success提出观点、建议：advance/put forward/come up with arguments/ideas/suggestions作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do sth, take great pains to do影响学习、工作：interfere with studies/work产生影响：have/exert a profound influence on …, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of one’s life剥夺机会/权利：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity采取旧的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way采取措施：take effective steps/measures to控制我们的环境：take/gain increasing control over our environment躲避危险/挑战：shy/run away from the danger/challenge满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of补偿损失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage解释某现象：account for/explain the phenomenon对……很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on, provide/gain an insight into把某因素考虑进去：take sth Into account(consideration), givr much thought to品味人生、自由、青春：savor the life/freedom/youth培养对……的信心：develop/foster one’s interest/confidence in经历变化、困难、艰险：undergo/experience great change/hardships/experience表现出自信心等：project one’s confidence/feeling/image生活充满不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice追求学习职业：pursue one’s academic interest/professional career学习知识、技术：pursue/ acquire knowledge/technology/skill被看作学习的……榜样：be held up as an good example交流经验、知识：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge发挥、起到重要作用：play an (important/active/great) role/part逃学、缺课：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture知识、经验丰富：rich in knowledge/experience确立、追求目标：set/pursue a goal/higher standard达到目标：achieve/accomplish/attain the goal/aim/objective克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulty面临危险、困难：be confronted (faced) with/in the face of danger/difficulty阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of持传统的看法：hold conventional wisdom发表看法：voice/express one’s opinion持相反/合理的观点：take the opposite/fresh view揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatter the myth of求得帮助：enlist one’s support/help缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf(between city and country)把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/owe the success/failure to对……很重要：be indispensable Important/vital to施加压力：put/exert a academic pressure on重视：assign/attach much importance/significance to强调：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate one’s attention/efforts/thoughts upon提供机会、信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity得到机会：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information有可能：there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that展开竞争：complete against/with sb for the prize/position/control/the mastery of开展运动：conduct (carry on/undertake/initiate/launch/wage) a (vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising) campaign (for/against)对我很有/没有什么意义：make much/little sense to me带来无穷的幸福，满足：be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint献身于：devote/dedicate oneself to a cause/career大不一样（没啥两样）：make much (little/no) difference真正重要的是：what really matters/counts is改变生活旅程：change/alter the course of life建立在大量的学习，实践上：built on tremendous amount of study/practice进行调查，执行任务：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment辞去工作/学习：leave/quit one’s job/work/school参加考试竞争等：enter (for) the examination/contest, race参加活动、讨论：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion影响思想、态度、事件的形成：shape one’s thinking/attitude进入大学、社会、家庭、劳力市场、职业：enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve one’s dream (hopes/wish/desire)减轻压力、紧张：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership提高技术、能力：sharpen(increasing/improve/enhance/boost) one’s skill/ability加快、促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost/the development of随着生活节奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society开阔眼界、兴趣：broaden one’s interest/outlook, expand(broaden/enlarge) one’s mental horizons 有助于了解、发展、宣传、解决：contribute much/little/greatly to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/solving the problem有助于解决问题：go a long way to(towards) solving the problem迷恋名利、分数：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune把时间花费、浪费在：spend/waste time doing sth, put in hours’doing sth利用机会、技术：make (full/better) use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent把知识、经验运用到……：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience…to practice/daily life/good use取得进步：make much progress/strides/gains in充分发挥潜力、能力：develop one’s ability/potential to the full, give full play to one’s ability 充满激情、渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for好学校：a great high school, a good independent school高级课程：a special program of studies, an advanced program of studies好学生：outstanding students, boys and girls of high ability, superior students成绩优秀学生：high-achieving students, The students at the top of the class, A students大多数美国人：most Americans ，The majority of Americans积累财富：make money and possess luxuries，amass wealth and possessions想象：imagine, visualize缺点：faults, defects, the weakness问题：problems, question, troubles经济拮据：financial cares, financial pressures许多：many, Large numbers of, enormous，人：people, individuals失业：unemployment, jobless高级经理：senior executive, top-level managers公司企业：companies, enterprises, ventures能力：capacity, skill, ability影响：affect, touch把我们带到：lead us, take us引起：arising from, brought about天生：be born with, be endowed with特别的：something special, something super-normal永不屈服的精神：A never surrender attitude, an unrelenting drive to succeed伟人：become great, an uncompromising personality, great achiev迷住了：became fascinated with, became obsessed with思考研究：thinking about, working out受特别保护：entitled to special consideration, grant them special protection, protected by special immunity无助：helplessness, defenseless, have put their lives in our hands无辜：innocence, blameless, threatened or offended no one举例：example of,直觉：intuition, illustration of this six sense损害：have a bad effect on, do great injury to, cause great damage to冲进：plunge, rush回报：payoff, rewards检查：checking, review新的：new, changed, altered灌输：instill, imbue孩子：children, offspring问题：question, matter, problem没有一刻联系不上：never…temporarily unavailable, instantly accessible at all times每个人：even to strangers, to everyone灌输思想：imbue sb with the notion, inculcates in sb the notion虽然，但：Sure…but, While it is true that…, it’s equally true that了解：have a perspective on, are better for our understanding of, see the connections between things看的更远：beyond the confines of our occupation, far removed from our own, see beyond our immediate needs不知道：ignorance, no one knows, Little is know about使：make, render学习：learn adequate, acquire good外国教师：The foreign research scholar, the visiting professor, the foreign professor, the newcomer, foreign faculty利用：take full advantage of, make use of需要：is required, is called for期望：the teacher’s expectations, the teacher knew he could do不辜负：to measure up to, to live up to没有：a lack of, an absence of话音：tone, voice传递：to communicate, be transmitted收到：pick up, absorb信息：signals, messages积极反应：reacted positively, performed accordingly语言上优于：women perform better in all aspects of language usage; girls score higher than boys in reading and writing; Verbal superiority超过：excel at, are more adept at, outperform men, women outdo men许多：a large portion of, a bounteous source of, many提供：provide, furnishes热起来：boomed, exploded in popularity发泄：ventilating,outbursts of rage策略：strategies, technique提供：provide, furnish the necessary resources常用话题词及短语教育：engineer of the human souls 人类灵魂的工程师teaching methodology教学方法experimental 试验型adventurous 勇于尝试responsible and conscientious (本意: 对得起良心的)工作态度认真负责的loving and caring 爱心patient 耐心cultivate and inspire originality and creativity in students培养, 激励学生的原创精神和创造力impact 对生活的影响respect students 尊重学生人格value价值观moral道德观world perspective 世界观unconditional support 无条件支持familiarity 熟悉comfy and cozy 舒适, 温馨stand by me在我身边给我鼓励和支持lack of understanding 不理解naggy 唠叨nag at somebodygeneration gap 代沟four generations living under one roof 四世同堂no privacy 没有隐私no peace and quiet 不得安宁over-availability of parents 爸妈无处不在absence of parents 爸妈从来不在criticism 批评孩子parenting tradition and style 家教传统和风格bossy 好管事的disciplinarian 纪律严明对于孩子方法简单粗暴的家长enforce curfew 宵禁(必须回家的时间)You’re grounded 不许出门My way or the highway 要么听我的,要么滚出去Breadwinner 养家的人Cook 做饭common activity 共同事情family dinner 家里聚会吃饭road trip 开车出行discussion of life 谈生活不同风格家庭表达方式nuclear family 小家extended family 大家bi-racial family 国际家庭close-knit family 家庭关系紧密,观念强,常联系的家庭dysfunctional family 家庭功能不健全,问题多多家庭好家长的特点fashion sense/ fashionable/ trendy 时尚生活方式新Hands-off 放手Trusting 信任孩子Reserved 有所保留Role model 行为榜样,模范A good communicator 善于沟通sense of humor 幽默感contribution 贡献selflessness 无私make a difference 促成变化,促成改变scope of knowledge知识面spread knowledge传播知识lasting artistic works永恒的艺术作品abstruse深奥的break with old customs抛弃传统carry down from generation to generation代代相传advocate the new lifestyle倡导新的生活方式entertainment娱乐be different from …与…不同direct experience直接经验echo共识satiate people’s psychological demands满足心理需求attach more importance to …更重视…spiritual enhancement精神升华a mirror of …是…的一面镜子determinant决定性因素eclipse使…相形见绌contribute to …有助于…a sense of cool and satisfaction一种惬意的感觉pastimes消遣方式nurture imagination培养想象力meditation沉思an essence of immortality永恒的精髓instructive有启发性的edification熏陶arouse one’s curiosity about something引发某人对某事的好奇心enrich one’s knowledge丰富某人知识value of knowledge知识的价值cultural differences文化差异性time is fleeting and art is long时光飞逝，艺术永恒adapt oneself to the development of使自己适应…的发展scope of knowledge知识面narrow the gap between缩小了…的鸿沟lighten the burden of减轻了…的负担comprehensive knowledge广博的知识distance education远程教育enrich the teaching method丰富教育手段be attractive to somebody对…具有吸引力eye-catching极好的、极快的eye-dazzling极好的、极快的fascinating极好的appealing极好的multimedia teaching多媒体教学solid professional working experience扎实的职业工作经验vocational education职业教育down-to-earth切合实际的stress-related illness与压力有关的疾病enjoy equal rights享有平等权利receive education接受教育thought-provoking引人深思的enlightening予以人启迪的far-reaching深远的never-ending永不停息的perplexing令人困惑的overwhelming压倒一切的the cultural diversity文化的多元性insightful富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的exchange experience交流经验undertake the due obligations承担责任offer a chance of education提供一种教育机会give a big push to the development of education给予教育极大的推动vocational guidance职业指导vocational training职业训练face possible pressure and competition迎接可能的压力和竞争Be easily taken in by容易受到某人或某事的欺骗exam-oriented education应试教育knowledge-intensive知识密集型的education for all-round development全面发展教育have quick and easy access to something更快地接触到…东西Develop Our Creative Mind培养我们创造性思维Fake Diplomas假文凭Embracing the Knowledge Economy Age拥抱知识经济时代Renew Knowledge革新知识People-oriented以人为本的compulsory education义务教育keep skills fresh and up-to-date使得技能可以与时俱进widen one’s knowledge拓展知识面enrich one’s social and life experience丰富了社会和生活阅历enlarge one’s view拓展知识面broaden one’s horizons拓展知识面realize the value of life实现生命价值grasp good communication skills掌握良好的交流技能remove misunderstanding and discrimination消除误解和歧视improve cultural integration and globalization促进了文化的融合和文化全球化cultivate a strong sense of responsibility培养了强烈的责任感promote social skills and competence提高了社会能力和竞争力make contribution to society对社会做出贡献quality Education素质教育cross-cultural communication跨文化交流rote learning死记硬背concentrate one’s attention on关注…student-oriented education以学生为主体的教育bias of culture文化偏见cradle of culture文化摇篮mainstream culture主流文化system of education教育体制tap one’s potential挖掘某人的潜能go astray误入歧途commit crimes犯罪Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire教育不是注满木桶水，而是点燃生命的火ambiguity歧义denotation字面意思connotation暗含意思impractical不切实际的intellectual development智力发展interaction交流thinking capacity思考能力universal language世界语linguistic studies语言学研究a means of communication一种交流工具mechanical translation机械翻译untranslatable不宜翻译的develop linguistic skills培养语言技能verbal communication口头交流grammatical rules语法规则context语境core核心translation笔译interpretation口译a complex progress一个复杂过程cream精华cultivate logical thinking培养逻辑思维obscure晦涩的readability朗朗上口an unrealistic dream一个不切实际的梦想comprehensive knowledge全面的知识communicate with others directly, and freely与他人直接自由交流face-to-face communication面对面交流stimulate one’s interest激发了…的兴趣artificial intelligence人工智能help children learn a foreign language in a more vivid and interactive way帮助孩子更生动，互动地学习一门外语miraculous令人惊叹的increase efficiency提高效率easy accessibility易于操作make astounding advances突飞猛进enrich the teaching and learning methods丰富了教学手段expertise专业知识flourishing繁荣兴旺的speedy communication快速的交流read between the lines读懂暗含的意思language acquisition语言习得term术语implication含义be fully aware of…充分意识到…optimistic乐观的pessimistic悲观的drawback弊端precious gift宝贵的礼物linguist语言学家mission impossible不可能的任务社会person of the year 风云人物world-renown 世界闻名prestigious 声明远播的notorious 臭名昭著的(国外娱乐业尤其是面对年轻人的,越坏越流行)charity organization 慈善机构philanthropy 慈善事业trend-setting 带动潮流的high media exposure 媒体曝光率lead a glamorous life 充满魅力的生活positive influence on young people对年轻人有正面影响privilege 享受特权award show/ fashion show 颁奖典礼/ 时装发布会personality highlight 人格亮点talent 才华prodigy 神童求职与就业routine 规律重复的career 事业profession/ occupation 职业individual success个人成功work overtime加班laid off 下岗contribute to/ make contribute to贡献balance between 平衡preoccupied with忙于promotions 升职under stress 承受压力job hopping 跳槽intense competition强烈竞争be replaced被淘汰benefits 福利head hunter猎头human resource 人力资源meaning in life 生命的意义self-worth 自我价值being in a team 在团队中learn from your boss 跟老板学习become fast friend with your colleagues 和同事交朋友contribute to social progress and stability 为社会进步和稳定做贡献become an able, worthy and useful person 成为有能力, 有价值,有用之人a bread-winning process赚钱过程mental satisfaction 精神满足感be born出生start school入学immigrate 移民graduate毕业learn to drive学习开车join the army参军get a job就业become a citizen成为公民rent an apartment租公寓go to college 上大学fall in love恋爱get married 结婚have a baby 生孩子travel旅游buy a house买房子move搬家have a grandchild获得孙子/孙女die死亡milestone里程碑turning point 转折点memorable 印象深刻an eye-opening experience/ an eye opener 打开眼界的事情take…seriously 认真做…put all my effort in …全力以赴干…impressed 印象深刻inspired 受激励realize the importance of …意识到…的重要性jump up for job快乐的跳起来have the time of my life 玩的非常快乐shocked 惊呆了in a daze 呆celebrate 庆祝birth certificate 出生证diploma 文凭degree学位resident alien card居留卡driver’s license 驾照social security card社会保险卡certificate of naturalization 入籍证明marriage license 结婚证passport and visa护照/签证recall 回忆deep impression印象深刻effect on me对我的影响think it over反复思考stay in my mind留在我的心里工作:Full-time, part-time, white-collar, blue-collar, semi-skilled, self-employed, freelancer,收入: income, earnings, wages, salary,职业好: enjoyable, pleasant, fascinating令人着迷的Steady稳定的provide many opportunities for…提供各种。

书面表达评分标准

书面表达评分标准：一类（15—13分）很好地完成了规定的写作任务。

包含所有内容要点，结构完整，语句流畅，意思清楚、连贯。

使用较为丰富的语法结构和词汇，语法和词汇错误极少，格式正确，书写规范。

二类（12—10分）较好地完成了规定的写作任务。

基本上包含所有内容要点，结构较为完整，语句完整，意思清楚。

语法结构和词汇错误较少，格式基本正确，书写较为规范。

三类（9—7分）基本上完成了规定的写作任务。

包含主要内容要点，结构欠完整，少数语句不通顺，意思基本清楚。

语法结构和词汇错误较多，格式基本正确，书写基本规范。

四类（6—4分）未能按要求完成规定的写作任务。

只包含少数内容要点，结构不完整，多数语句欠完整，意思不够清楚。

语法结构和词汇错误较多，影响理解，格式不够正确，书写欠规范。

五类（3—0分）未能按要求完成规定的写作任务。

只写出个别要点，结构不完整，多数语句不完整或意思不明，语法和词汇错误很多，书写不规范。

一、2015襄阳中考做家务是家庭成员的义务。

作为家庭成员之一，你一定做过不少力所能及的家务活。

请根据提示写一篇英语短文讲述一次你做家务或学做家务的经历或故事，与大家一起分享。

1. 写作要点提示：1）你是否喜欢做家务、你常做哪些家务；2）重点讲述一次你做家务或学做家务的经历或故事（包括起因、过程、结果等）；3）你父母对你所做家务的评价或你个人的收获、感受。

2. 写作要求：短文的内容应包含所提示的要点，语言要流畅，可围绕提示要点适当增加情节，以使短文的意思连贯；短文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名及地名；短文的词数在90词左右。

满分作文：Do you like doing housework? I like doing housework. I will help my mother do housework when I am free. Because I think parents are very tired after a day’s work. I want them to have a good rest. I often help clean room, wash dishes, take away the rubbish and so on.Last Sunday, my mothr was on duty. She must go home late. So I wanted to try to make dinner. I boiled some noodles first. Then I cut up some tomatoes and broke two eggs. Put them into the noodles. When my mother came back home, I had already made two bowls of noodles with tomatoes and eggs. My mother was surprised and happy. She praised me. I was happy, too.二、2015台州中考正值毕业季，你们班级的“英语园地”在征集庆祝毕业活动方式的建议，以下是你们组三位同学的想法及理由，请你根据这些信息写一篇英语短文，并谈谈你自己的想法和理由。

关于高中英语书面表达

关于高中英语书面表达信丰中学李梅书面表达作为书面形式的英语语言能力的输出，能客观地反映出学生的思维能力和语言表达能力，一直是历年高考的重点和难点。

它能体现学生主动地对英语词汇进行创造性运用的能力和对英语语法的掌握运用情况,同时，它又要求学生对英语语篇具有组织编排能力。

可见，书面表达是对学生从词汇，语法和语篇三个层面进行考查。

高考英语书面表达分值25分。

每年高考阅卷结束，书面表达部分的得分却总是差强人意，甚至一些省级重点中学的平均得分都不到16分。

下面对书面表达教学现状进行分析。

在学习写作的过程中，学生由于中英文表达的差异，中英文化之间的不同以及自身能力的欠缺，一些错误常常见于习作中，加以概括，有以下几类。

1.Chinglish，即中式英语中式英语是教师最为深恶痛绝，又是学生很容易犯的错误。

受到中文负迁移的影响，学生对一些意思和概念的表达不遵从英语的表达习惯，而是按照中国人的习惯遣词造句。

如：There were many people wait on the street.这一句子虽然看似英语，但实质是中文一个字、一个字的翻译，学生明显没有掌握英语的句子结构特点，以致出现了wait这一动词原形在修饰名次people。

再如：Some people support the opinion while others against it.学生在这个句子中把介词against当成了动词support 的反义词，只注意了单词的意思而忽略了词性。

2.语言运用错误。

这一错误包括语法上的主谓一致，单复数，时态语态以及用词等。

如：I hope you to hear from your letter soon.He is much more younger than he was.在第一个句子中，学生没有分清hope 和 wish的用法，错误地在hope 后加了宾语。

第二句则是学生没有掌握好单音节和多音节形容词比较级的规则而犯的错误。

语言的口语与书面语

语言的口语与书面语口语和书面语是语言的两种基本形式，它们在表达方式、语法结构、词汇使用等方面存在显著差异。

口语通常用于日常生活和非正式场合，而书面语则更常见于正式场合和书面表达。

本文将探讨语言的口语与书面语之间的区别以及它们各自的特点和适用场景。

一、语法结构在语法结构方面，口语的特点是简洁、直接，更偏向于口头表达。

例如，主语和谓语之间的省略现象在口语中非常普遍，这样可以减少重复，使语言更加流畅自然。

而书面语则更注重完整的句子结构，尽量避免省略，以增加表达的准确性和清晰度。

二、词汇使用口语和书面语在词汇使用方面也存在差异。

口语偏向于使用口头化的词汇，常常是简单明了的词组和习惯用语，以便更好地与听话者进行交流。

另外，口语中还常常出现俚语、方言和口头禅等。

而书面语则更常使用正式的词汇和书面化的表达方式，注重使用规范、准确的词汇，以保证表达的严谨性和专业性。

三、表达方式口语和书面语的表达方式也存在差异。

口语更灵活，可以使用各种语气、声调和表情来传达语言的意义。

它注重语言的口头表达和非语言交际，更加注重沟通的及时性、个性化和情感表达。

而书面语则更注重思考和精确的表达，通过文字来传达信息，呈现出更具条理和逻辑性的表达方式。

四、适用场景口语和书面语在不同的场景中扮演不同的角色。

口语适用于日常生活中的对话和交流，例如与朋友聊天、家庭成员间的交流以及商务会议中的口头报告和讨论等非正式场合。

而书面语则更常见于正式文书、学术论文、法律文件和商业合同等正式场合，以及书面表达的媒体，如报纸、杂志和书籍等。

总结起来，语言的口语和书面语是两种不同的表达方式。

口语注重口头表达、非语言交际和个性化表达，适用于日常生活和非正式场合；而书面语注重文字表达、准确性和专业性，适用于正式场合和书面表达。

在实际使用中，我们需要根据不同的场景和目的来选择使用口语还是书面语，以达到最佳的沟通效果。

书面表达的名词解释

书面表达的名词解释书面表达是指通过书写文字的方式来交流和传达信息的一种形式。

它与口头表达相对，以书信、文章、报告、文件等形式呈现。

书面表达在现代社会中起着重要的作用，无论是学术研究、商务沟通还是社交交流，都需要运用到书面表达的技巧和能力。

首先，书面表达具有明确的目的和意义。

通过书面表达，人们能够更加准确、全面地传达自己的思想和观点。

书面表达要求文字的准确性和逻辑性，避免歧义和模糊表达，使读者能够准确理解作者的意图。

在学术研究领域，书面表达的准确性十分重要，因为它直接关系到学术成果的传播和学术界的交流。

其次，书面表达要求严谨的结构和组织。

一篇好的书面表达应该具有合理的结构和有序的组织。

文章应该有明确的引言、主体和结论部分，各个部分之间应该有逻辑连接和过渡。

通过良好的结构和组织，读者能够更加清晰地理解作者的论点和观点，避免信息的混乱和杂乱无章的阅读体验。

除了结构和组织，书面表达还要注意语言的准确性和恰当性。

选择恰当的词汇和表达方式能够更好地表达自己的意思，使读者能够准确理解文章的内容。

同时，语言的准确性也关系到信息的传达和沟通效果。

在使用语言时，要注意用词严密、简洁，避免冗长和复杂的句子。

此外，书面表达还要考虑读者的背景和理解能力。

不同的读者对于同一篇文章的理解和接受程度可能会有所不同。

因此，在书面表达中，需要根据读者的需求和背景灵活调整表达方式和难度。

对于专业领域的读者，可以使用专业术语和领域内的常用词汇，以更好地传达和交流；而对于一般读者，需要用简明的语言和通俗的例子，使文章更易理解。

最后，书面表达还需要注意语法和标点的正确使用。

正确的语法和标点符号能够增强文章的整体性和流畅性，减少读者阅读过程中的困惑和疑惑。

要注意避免病句、长句和断句错误，提高文章的可读性和可理解性。

综上所述，书面表达是一种重要的交流和传达方式，在现代社会中具有极大的价值和意义。

通过准确的目的和意义、严谨的结构和组织、准确的语言选择、考虑读者背景和语法标点的正确使用，我们可以提高书面表达的效果和质量，更好地传达和交流自己的思想和观点。

英语句子翻译和书面表达存在的问题和解决对策!

英语句子翻译和书面表达存在的问题和解决对策！在最近进行的英语考试中，根据老师的阅卷分析，学生中存在的最大问题就是句子翻译和书面表达部分。

一.翻译部分主要存在以下问题：1.受中文影响，翻译时通常按中文的思维和语序来表达，因此往往只是把中文的意思表达出来，而没有按英语的习惯表达。

2.时态意识比较淡薄，没有将不同时间发生的动作用不同的时态表达出来，比较突出的问题就是误用时态。

3.忽视一些细节性的错误，如冠词的使用以及某些短语中的固定搭配。

二.书面表达部分主要存在以下问题：1.审题意识淡薄，没有通篇考虑文章的主要时态。

2.表达不符合英语的习惯。

3.出现较多的双谓语现象。

4.段落或句子之间缺乏必要的连接词语。

5.卷面不够整洁，书写不够规范（字体偏草、偏小，不够美观）。

三.针对以上两种问题的对策：高度重视考试中出现的典型错误，明确高中阶段英语学习的主要任务和途径。

1.主要任务：进行大量有效、地道的输入，为未来的综合运用储备足够的基础知识。

2.主要途径：1）在“读”字上面狠下功夫。

一是朗读，二是阅读。

每天坚持20-30分钟的朗读，朗读的内容可以是佳句、范文或美文，其主要目的是进行地道的输入和模仿，从中模仿地道的表达和培养应有的语感。

每天坚持读一些来自英语报刊和课外读物的文章，其主要目的同样是为了增加输入量，与此同时还可以扩大词汇量和提高阅读的速度。

2）在记和写方面狠下功夫。

一是摘记课本中的好词好句，二是摘录课外读物中的好词好句。

经常做一些翻译练习（包括中英的互译），适当进行仿写，写课文摘要以及改写。

必须明白：好的文章都是从有效模仿开始的。

3）高度重视平时出现的典型错误，力求做到有错必改，有错必纠。

特别要注意中英在表达上的差异，重点关注时态、语态、主谓一致、名词的数、谓语与非谓语以及语序的问题。

4）坚持每天练习书写十分钟，培养良好的书写习惯，保持卷面整洁。

力求书写规范，纠错符号规范，标点符号规范以及大小写规范。

高中英语书面表达存在的问题及解决策略

高中英语书面表达存在的问题及解决策略作者：马祎松来源：《科学导报·学术》2020年第44期摘 ;要：书面表达是高中英语学习重要的一部分，直接体现了对英语知识的运用能力。

但是多数学生的书面表达都是存在问题的，因此有必要改进学生的书面表达能力。

本文将从实践中分析学生在写作中存在的问题及原因，提出几点关于提高高中生英语写作表达水平的策略。

关键词：高中英语;存在问题;解决策略观察学生在书面表达中出现频率高的问题，常常会发生词语的词性的混淆，受母语化的影响以及结构不清晰的问题。

特别是有些学生在写作中不知如何下手，对英语写作产生畏难情绪，这就需要教师在教学中根据实际情况具体问题具体分析，帮助学生找出原因，分析问题，进行心态的调整。

另外，学生也要多进行实践训练，在实践中发现问题。

是单词掌握不牢，还是句式运用不好，还是掌握的句式较简单，帮助学生形成英语表达思维，实现英语写作的提升。

一、学生书面表达中存在的问题1、学生的英语水平参差不齐高中阶段的学生受之前的英语基础、师资力量、以及教学方法等诸多影响，英语水平存在着很大的差异。

学生存在的问题普遍有，单词拼写不正确，用词不准确，词性分不清楚，针对这样的学生，教教师应当加强学生对词语的记忆和应用;有的学生语法概念不清晰，那么整个写作过程中不能够应用英语思维进行表达，写出来的作文必然得不了高分;有的句与句，段与段之间前后连接不通顺、不自然，采用的句式较为单一，显得语言贫乏，词汇较少;还有的学生由于基础不好，虽然掌握一定的词汇量，但是不能有效地进行时使用，写作时无从下手，有畏难情绪。

2、学生的阅读量少在高中阶段，很多学生都在背单词、做题，很少进行英语的课外阅读，这样学生阅读量不足，对英语的感悟也较少，英语语感差。

这样即使掌握了单词，掌握了句式，依然不能够写好，实现知识的有效利用。

3、学习英语的积极性不高由于部分学生学习英语的兴趣不高，主要是应付考试，被动性的接受教师教学，都是死记硬背单词句式。

高中英语书面表达问题及应对策略

高中英语书面表达问题及应对策略【摘要】高中英语书面表达方面出现的问题主要是写作基础方面和写作态度问题。

应对策略：一是加强写作基础训练，二是培养学生写作兴趣，形成良好的写作习惯，减少语言错误，掌握写作技巧，提高写作能力。

【关键词】高中英语；书面表达；主要问题；应对策略一、学生英语书面表达的主要问题1、写作基础方面（1）句法错误。

句法错误不但影响作文的整体水平而且是学生较难自行发现与纠正的写作错误，因此便成了影响学生写作质量，阻碍学生写作能力提升的最重要因素。

常见的句法错误包括时态错误、句子成分残缺、主谓一致错误、名词的单复数不分、用词不当。

下面就学生在写作中出现的句法错误进行分析。

1）时态错误：first we went to the forbidden city， which was one of the most popular tourist spots in beijing. 应改为：first we went to the forbidden city， which is one of the most popular tourist spots in beijing.2）句子成分残缺：i am so busy that have no time to help you.应改为：i am so busy that i have no time to help you.3）主谓一致错误：80% of the students is in favor of living on campus. 应改为：80% of the students are in favor of living on campus.4）名词的单复数不分：he will give us a talk on american film. 应改为：he will give us a talk on american films. 5）用词不当：i hope you to help the girl with her homework. 应改为：i wish you to help the girl with her homework. （2）词汇错误。

公文写作中的简明扼要原则

公文写作中的简明扼要原则公文是公共事务的书面表达方式，具有规范性、正式性和权威性。

在公文写作中，简明扼要的原则至关重要，它能够使读者迅速理解信息，节约时间和精力。

在本文中，将详细说明公文写作中的简明扼要原则。

一、简明扼要的概念简明扼要是指在公文写作过程中，用最少的文字表达最多的信息，突出重点，排除累赘，使内容凝练、精确，以方便读者理解。

二、简明扼要的优点1. 提高效率：简明扼要的公文能够迅速传递信息，节约读者的时间和精力，提高效率。

2. 提升可读性：简明扼要的公文通常语句简练、措辞准确，容易理解，提升读者的阅读体验。

3. 减少歧义：简明扼要的公文较少使用模糊或多义词汇，减少歧义的产生，使信息传达更为精确。

三、简明扼要的原则1. 突出主题：公文应突出主题，排除次要信息。

在首段中清晰地表达主题，并在后续段落中逐渐展开。

避免赘述，简洁表达核心内容。

2. 简练表述：公文应使用简练明了的表达方式，简洁的句式和措辞。

避免冗长庞杂的句子，尽量使用简单直接的词汇。

3. 精确用词：公文用词应准确无误，避免使用模糊或多义词汇，以免引起歧义或误解。

可使用专业术语，但需确保读者能够理解。

4. 适当节省：避免累赘修辞和无关信息，删减冗余部分，只保留必要的信息。

对于长篇公文，可进行整合和概括，以达到简约明了的效果。

5. 结构合理：公文应具有清晰的层次结构，使用段落和小标题来组织内容，使读者能够迅速获取所需信息。

段落之间要有适当的过渡，使整篇文章流畅连贯。

6. 重点突出：在公文中，重点信息应该得到突出和强调，可以使用加粗、斜体、下划线等方式进行标记，使读者能够快速抓住关键内容。

7. 简明格式：选择简洁明了的格式，如正楷或宋体字体，适当的行间距和段间距，以及有据可查的编号或标题。

避免过多修饰和花哨的排版，以防分散注意力。

四、简明扼要的实践技巧1. 事先规划：在开始写作之前，先明确写作目标和主题要点，进行合理的规划，以免在写作过程中迷失方向。