科技论文写作常用句型大全

一．好的论文题目是成功的一半好的论文，每一个部分都需要精雕细琢。

我们先来看看Science, Nature 子刊上用的都是些什么题目，到底这些题目暗含哪些玄机？以下是从2016年发表的论文中随机挑选的一些题目，我将其做了一下简单的分类：1. Water splitting–biosynthetic system with CO2reductionefficiencies exceeding?photosynthesis. (Science, 2016, 352, 1210)类似: Scalable water splitting on particulate photocatalyst sheets with asolar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency?exceeding1%(Nature Materials 2016,15,611-615)这种题目适合哪类文章？适合于那种性能极其显着的文章（可以创纪录的文章），比如说Nocera et al. 的Science, 2016, 352, 1210，直接与光合作用进行对比，给人的震撼是非常强的。

这种对比效果能够一下子抓住人们的眼球，吸引着读者进行阅读。

要点：使用这样的题目首先你的实验结果得够牛，你对于实验结果要足够自信，对于背景知识的了解得要足够深。

因为取这样的题目意味着你要真正达到了某一个高度。

如果明明有很多大海在那里，你个小池塘和小水坑进行比较，那么会闹笑话的。

2.1 Quantifying?the promotion of Cu catalysts by ZnO for methanol synthesis ( Science,2016, 352, 969-974.)2.2Exploring the origin of high optical absorption in conjugated polymers. (Nature Materials 2016,DOI:10.1038/nmat4645)2.3 Promoting?solution phase discharge in Li–O2 batteries containing weakly solvatingelectrolytesolutions (Nature Materials 2016, DOI: 10.1038/nmat4629)2.4 Reconstructing?solute-induced phase transformations within individual nanocrystals (NatureMaterials 2016,doi:10.1038/nmat4620)2.5 Tailoring the nature and strength of electron–phonon interactions in the SrTiO3(001) 2D electronliquid (Nature Material, 2016, doi:10.1038/nmat4623)我简单地检索了下Nature Materials上面的文章题目，发现这种类型的题目真的非常多。

那么为什么大家非常青睐这种形式呢这种形式到底有什么好处我个人也很喜欢这种样子的题目，当然一定要跟论文的实际情况吻合哈，不要强凑。

这种动名词形式的结构最大的优点是主观能动性很强。

给人的一种感觉是：你在设计整个实验，而不是碰巧发现了某个现象。

科研需要偶然现象，但是理性地科学研究追求一切能够有据可循，能够主动地把握而不是被动接受奇迹的降临。

3.1?Surface functionalization?of two-dimensional metal chalcogenides by Lewis acid–base chemistry（Nature Nanotechnology2016, 11,465–471）3.2?Proton transfer dynamics control the mechanismof O2reduction by anon-precious metal?electrocatalyst(Nature Materials,2016,doi:10.1038/nmat4636)3.3 Femtosecond?control of electric currents in metallic ferromagnetic heterostructures（Nature Nanotechnology 2016, 11,455–458）3.4?Improved air stability of perovskite solar cells via solution-processed metal oxide transport layers (Nature Nanotechnology, 2016,11,75–81)这种类型的题目非常的好懂，重点非常突出，给人一种开门见山的感觉，在很多论文中非常恰当。

以3.1为例，两个重点非常明确：1. 实现的目标是什么？Surface functionalization of 2. 实现的方法是什么？Lewis acid-base chemistry.4.1 In situ?hydrodynamic spectroscopy for structure characterization of porous energy storageelectrodes (Nature Materials,2016, 15,570–575)4.2?Kinetics of the self-assembly of nanocrystal superlattices measuredby?real-timein situX-rayscattering(Nature Materials, 2016,doi:10.1038/nmat4600)4.3 In situ?mapping of the energy flow through the entire photosynthetic apparatus (Nature Nanotechnology, 2016,doi:10.1038/nchem.2525)4.4 Optimized quantum sensing with a single electronspin using?real-time adaptive measurements?(Nature Nanotechnology, 2016,11,247–252)有些文章，一幅图就值了一篇Science。

有些表征手段或者研究方法生来就是让人膜拜的，特别是一些原位的表征手段，能够直观地告诉人们以前得不到的一些信息。

在这种情况下，用它来做个题目一点都不过分吧。

最后对以上几类标题的共性做一下简单的总结：1) 好的论文题目往往都能够紧贴文章内容，并将其核心亮点突显出来; 2) 标题中的字真的是一字千金，废话不要有，一定要简洁明了；3) 用词要准确，尽量采用中性词，不要带主观色彩，不要扣大帽子引起审稿人反感，但是又要合适地体现亮点，好的论文题目要学会不卑不亢。

二．正文中各种常用句型汇总一、在Introduction里面经常会使用到的一个句子：很多文献已经讨论过了。

它的可能的说法有很多很多，这里列举几种我很久以前搜集的：A.Solar energy conversion by photoelectrochemical cells has been intensively investigated.(Nature 1991, 353, 737 - 740)B.This was demonstrated in a number of studies that showed that composite plasmonic-metal/semiconductor photocatalysts achieved significantly higher rates in various photocatalytic reactions compared with their pure semiconductor counterparts.C.Several excellent reviews describing these applications are available, and we do not discuss these topicsD.Much work so far has focused on wide band gap semiconductors for water splitting for the sake of chemical stability.（DOI:10.1038/NMAT3151）E.Recent developments of Lewis acids and water-soluble organometallic catalysts have attracted much attention.（Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641?3666）F.An interesting approach in the use of zeolite as a water-tolerant solid acid was described by Ogawa et al（Chem.Rev. 2002, 102, 3641?3666）G.Considerable research efforts have been devoted to the direct transition metal-catalyzed conversion of aryl halides toaryl nitriles. (J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 7984-7989)H.There are many excellent reviews in the literature dealing with the basic concepts of the photocatalytic processand the reader is referred in particular to those by Hoffmann and coworkers,Mills and coworkers, and Kamat.(Metal oxide catalysis,19,P755)I. Nishimiya and Tsutsumi have reported on（proposed）the influence of the Si/Al ratio of various zeolites on the acid strength, which were estimated by calorimetry using ammonia. (Chem.Rev. 2002, 102, 3641?3666)二、在results and discussion中经常会用到的：如图所示A. GIXRD patterns in Figure 1A show the bulk structural information onas-deposited films.B.As shown in Figure 7B,the steady-state current density decreases after cycling between 0.35 and 0.7 V, which is probably due to the dissolution of FeOx.C.As can be seen from parts a and b of Figure 7, the reaction cycles start with the thermodynamically most favorable VOx structures（J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 24950?24958）这与XX能够相互印证：A.This is supported by the appearance in the Ni-doped compounds of an ultraviolet–visible absorption band at 420–520nm (see Fig. 3 inset), corresponding to an energy range of about 2.9 to 2.3 eV.B. This is consistent with the observation from SEM–EDS. (Z.Zou et al. / Chemical Physics Letters 332 (2000) 271–277)C.This indicates a good agreement between the observed and calculated intensities in monoclinic with space groupP2/c when the O atoms are included in the model.D. The results are in good consistent with the observed photocatalytic activity...E. Identical conclusions were obtained in studies where the SPR intensity and wavelength were modulated by manipulating the composition, shape,or size of plasmonic nanostructures.F.It was also found that areas of persistent divergent surface flow coincide?withregions where convection appears to be consistently suppressed even when SSTs are above 27.5°C.三. 值得注意的是...A.It must also be mentioned that the recycling of aqueous organic solvent is less desirable than that of pure organic liquid.B.Another interesting finding is that zeolites with 10-membered ring pores showed high selectivities (>99%) to cyclohexanol, whereas those with 12-membered ring pores, such as mordenite, produced large amounts of dicyclohexyl ether. (Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641?3666)C.It should be pointed out that the nanometer-scale distribution of electrocatalyst centers on the electrode surface is also a predominant factor for high ORR electrocatalytic activity.D.Notably,the Ru II and Rh I complexes possessing the same BINAP chirality form antipodal amino acids as the predominant products.(Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2002, 41: 2008–2022)E. Given the multitude of various transformations published,it is noteworthythat only very few distinctactivationmethods have been identified.(Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009,38, 2178-2189)F.It is important to highlight that these two directing effects will lead to different enantiomers of the products even if both the “H-bond-catalyst”and thecatalystacting by steric shielding have the same absolute stereochemistry. (Chem. Soc. Rev.,2009,38, 2178-2189)G.It is worthwhile mentioning that these PPNDs can be very stable for several months without the observations of any floating or precipitated dots, which is attributed to the electrostatic repulsions between the positively charge PPNDs resulting in electrosteric stabilization.(Adv. Mater., 2012, 24: 2037–2041)四....仍然是个挑战A.There is thereby an urgent need but it is still a significant challenge to rationally design and delicately tail or the electroactive MTMOs for advanced LIBs, ECs, MOBs, and FCs.（Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2 014, 53, 1488 –1504）B.However, systems that aresufficiently stable and efficient for practical use have not yet been realized.C.Itremainschallengingto develop highly active HER catalysts based on materials that are more abundant at lower costs. (J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2011,133,7296–7299)D.One of thegreatchallenges in the twenty-first century is unquestionably energy storage. (Nature Materials?2005, 4, 366 - 377)五. 众所周知A.It is well established (accepted) / It is known to all / It is commonlyknown?that many characteristics of functional materials, such as composition, crystalline phase, structural and morphological features, and the sur-/interface properties between the electrode and electrolyte, would greatly influence the performance of these unique MTMOs in electrochemical energystorage/conversion applications.（Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2014,53, 1488 –1504）B.It is generally accepted (believed) that for a-Fe2O3-based sensors the change in resistance is mainly caused by the adsorption and desorption of gases on the surface of the sensor structure. (Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 582)C.As we all know,soybean abounds with carbon,nitrogenand oxygen elements owing to the existence of sugar,proteinsandlipids. (Chem. Commun., 2012,48, 9367-9369)D.There is no denying that their presence may mediate spin moments to align parallel without acting alone to show d0-FM. (Nanoscale, 2013,5, 3918-3930)六. 正如下文将提到的...A.As will be described below（也可以是As we shall see below）,as the Si/Al ratio increases, the surface of the zeolite becomes more hydrophobic and possesses stronger affinity for ethyl acetate and the number of acid sites decreases.（Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641?3666）B. This behavior is to be expected and willbefurtherdiscussedbelow. (J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1955,77, 3701–3707)C.There are also some small deviations with respect to the flow direction,which wewilldiscussbelow.（Science, 2001, 291, 630-633）D.Below,wewillseewhat this implies.plete details of this casewillbe provided at alatertime.E.很多论文中，也经常直接用see below来表示，比如：The observation of nanocluster spheres at the ends of the nanowires is suggestive of a VLS growth process (see?below). (Science, 1998,279, 208-211)七. 这与XX能够相互印证...A.This is supported by the appearance in the Ni-doped compounds of an ultraviolet–visible absorption band at 420–520 nm (see Fig. 3 inset), corresponding to an energy range of about 2.9 to 2.3 eVB.This is consistent with the observation from SEM–EDS. (Chem. Phys. Lett. 2000, 332, 271–277)C.Identical conclusions were obtained in studies where the SPR intensity and wavelength were modulated by manipulating the composition, shape, or size of plasmonic nanostructures.（Nat. Mater. 2011, DOI: 10.1038/NMAT3151）D. In addition, the shape of the titration curve versus the PPi/1 ratio,coinciding with that obtained by fluorescent titration studies, suggested that both 2:1 and 1:1 host-to-guest complexes are formed. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9463-9464)E.This unusual luminescence behavior is in accord with a recent theoretical prediction;MoS2, an indirect bandgap material in its bulk form, becomes a direct bandgap semiconductor when thinned to a monolayer.(Nano Lett.,2010,10, 1271–1275)3.我们的研究可能在哪些方面得到应用A.Ourndings suggest that the use of solar energy for photocatalytic water splitting might provide a viable source for‘clean’ hydrogen fuel, once the catalytic efciency of the semiconductor system has been improved by increasing its surface area and suitable modications of the surface sites.B. Along with this green and cost-effective protocol of synthesis,we expect that these novel carbon nanodots have potential applications in bioimaging and electrocatalysis.(Chem. Commun., 2012,48, 9367-9369)C.This system could potentially be applied as the gain medium of solid-stateorganic-based lasers or as a component of high value photovoltaic (PV) materials, where destructive high energy UV radiation would be converted to useful low energy NIR radiation. (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013,42, 29-43)D.Since the use of?graphenemay enhance the photocatalytic properties of TiO2under UV and visible-light irradiation,graphene–TiO2?composites may potentially be usedto enhance the bactericidal activity.(Chem. Soc. Rev., 2012,41, 782-796)E.It is the first report that CQDs are both amino-functionalized and highlyfluorescent,which suggests their promising applications in chemical sensing.(Carbon, 2012,50,2810–2815)A. However,systems that are sufficiently stable and efficient for practical use have not yet been realized.B. Nevertheless,for conventional nanostructured MTMOs as mentionedabove,some problematic disadvantages cannot be overlooked.（Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2014,53, 1488 –1504）C.There are relatively few studies devoted to determination of cmc values for block copolymer micelles. (Macromolecules 1991, 24, 1033-1040)D. This might be the reason why, despite of the great influence of the preparation on the catalytic activity of gold catalysts,no systematic study concerning the synthesis conditions has been published yet.(Applied Catalysis A: General2002, 226, 1–13)E.These possibilities remain to be?explored.F.Further effort is required to understand and better control the parameters dominating the particle surface passivation and resulting properties for carbon dots of brighter photoluminescence. (J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2006,128,7756–7757)A.Liquid ammonia is particularly attractive as an alternative to water due to its stability in the presence of strong reducing agents such as alkali metals that are used to access lower oxidation states.B.The unique nature of the cyanide ligand results from its ability to act both as a σdonor and a πacceptor combined with its negativecharge and ambidentate nature.C.Qdots are also excellent probes for two-photon confocalmicroscopy because they are characterized by a very large absorption cross section?(Science2005,307, 538-544).D.As a result of the reductive strategy we used and of the strong bonding between the surface and the aryl groups, low residual currents (similar to those observed at a bare electrode) were obtained over a large window of potentials, the same as for the unmodified parent GC electrode. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 5883-5884)E.The small Tafel slope of the defect-rich MoS2 ultrathin nanosheets is advantageous for practicalapplications,since it will lead to a faster increment of HER rate with increasing overpotential.(Adv. Mater., 2013, 25: 5807–5813)F. Fluorescent carbon-based materials have drawn increasing attention in recentyears owing to exceptional advantages such as high optical absorptivity, chemical stability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity.(Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013, 52: 3953–3957)G.On the basis of measurements of the heat of immersion of water on zeolites, Tsutsumi etal. claimed that the surface consists of siloxane bondings and is hydrophobicin the region of low Al content. (Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641?3666)H.Nanoparticle spatial distributions might have a large significance for catalyst stability,given that?metal particle growth is a relevant deactivation mechanism for commercial catalysts.A.The inhibition of additional nucleation during growth, in other words, the complete separationof nucleation and growth,is?critical(essential, important)for the successful synthesis of monodisperse nanocrystals. (Nature Materials?3, 891 - 895 (2004))B.In the current study,Cys,homocysteine(Hcy) andglutathione(GSH) were chosen as modelthiolcompounds since they play important (significant, vital, critical) roles in many biological processes and monitoring of these?thiolcompounds is of great importance for diagnosis of diseases.(Chem. Commun., 2012,48, 1147-1149)C.This is because according to nucleation theory,what really matters in addition to the change in temperature ΔT(or supersaturation) is the cooling rate.(Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014,43, 2013-2026)A.On the contrary,mononuclear complexes, called single-ion magnets (SIM), have shown hysteresis loops of butterfly/phonon bottleneck type, with negligible coercivity, and therefore with much shorter relaxation times of magnetization. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 4413–4417)B.In contrast,the Dy compound has significantly larger value of the transversal magnetic moment already in the ground state (ca. 101μB), therefore allowing a fast QTM. （Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 4413–4417）C.In contrast to the structural similarity of these complexes, their magnetic behavior exhibits strong divergence.(Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 4413–4417)D.Contrary to other conducting polymer semiconductors, carbon nitride is chemically and thermally stable and does not rely on complicated device manufacturing. (Nature materials, 2009, 8(1): 76-80.)E.Unlike the spherical particles they are derived from that Rayleigh light-scatter in the blue, these nanoprisms exhibit scattering in the red, which could be useful in developing multicolor diagnostic labels on the basis not only of nanoparticle composition and size but also of shape. (Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)可供选择的词包括：verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show,indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of举例：A. These stacks appear as nanorods in the two-dimensional TEM images, but tilting experiments confirm that they are nanoprisms.(Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)B. Note that TEM shows that about 20% of the nanoprisms are truncated.(Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)C. Therefore, these calculations not only allow us to identify the important features in the spectrum of the nanoprisms but also the subtle relation between particle shape and the frequency of the bands that make up their spectra.(Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)D. We observed a decrease in intensity of the characteristic surface plasmon band in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy for the spherical particles at λmax= 400 nm with a concomitant growth of three new bands of λmax= 335 (weak), 470 (medium), and 670 nm (strong), respectively. (Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)E. In this article, we present data demonstrating that opiate and nonopiate analgesia systems can be selectively activated by different environmental manipulations and describe the neural circuitry involved. (Science 1982, 216, 1185-1192)F. This suggests that the cobalt in CoP has a partial positive charge (δ+), while the phosphorus has a partial negative charge (δ),implying a transfer of electron density from Co to P.(Angew. Chem., 2014, 126: 6828–6832)A. Although these inorganic substructures can exhibit a high density of functional groups, such as bridging OH groups, and the substructures contribute significantly to the adsorption properties of the material,surprisingly little attention has been devoted to the post-synthetic functionalization of the inorganic units within MOFs. (Chem. Eur. J., 2013, 19: 5533–5536.)B.Little is known,however, about the microstructure of this material. (Nature Materials 2013,12, 554–561)C.So far, very little information is available, and only in the absorber film, not in the whole operational devices. （Nano Lett.,2014,14(2), pp 888–893）D.In fact it should be noted that very little optimisation work has been carried out on these devices. (Chem. Commun., 2013,49, 7893-7895)E. By far the most architectures have been prepared using a solution processed perovskite material,yet a few examples have been reported that have used an evaporated perovskite layer. (Adv. Mater., 2014, 27: 1837–1841.)F. Water balance issues have been effectively addressed in PEMFC technology through a large body of work encompassing imaging, detailed water content andwater balance measurements, materials optimization and modeling,but very few of these activities have been undertaken for anion exchange membrane fuel cells, primarily due to limited materials availability and device lifetime. (J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 2013, 51: 1727–1735)G. However,none of these studies tested for Th17 memory, a recently identified T cell that specializes in controlling extracellular bacterial infections at mucosal surfaces. (PNAS, 2013,111, 787–792)H. However,uncertainty still remains as to the mechanism by which Li salt addition results in an extension of the cathodic reduction limit. (Energy Environ. Sci., 2014,7, 232-250)I.There have been a number of high profile cases where failure to identify the most stable crystal form of a drug has led to severe formulation problems in manufacture. (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014,43, 2080-2088)J. However,these measurements systematically underestimate the amount of ordered material. ( Nature Materials 2013, 12, 1038–1044)。