医学英语文献选读5-Unit 2-Text B

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学术英语医学Unit2分析解析

Unit 2 Resurgent and Emergent Diseases
Listening
Listening
• Finding Major Points
– Pausing before starting an important point – Using repetition to emphasize a point – Changing the pitch, volume and rhythm of his/her voice for emphasis – Using introductory phrases to precede an important idea. For instance, “It is essential for you to know …”, “Remember that …” – Use facial gestures or body movement when they are emphasizing a point
Unit 2 Resurgent and Emergent Diseases
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Topics for presentation
1. What do the two choices imply?
Page 26
Unit 2 Resurgent and Emergent Diseases
Listening
Suggested answers
Key to Task 1 of Listening
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
as incomes rise, health can decline diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer a change in lifestyle / in diet the decline of overall health of a country the local community and the South African government

医学英语文献选读4修订版答案unit2

医学英语文献选读4修订版答案unit21、A?pen _______ writing. [单选题] *A. is used toB. used toC. is used for(正确答案)D. used for2、33．Will Mary's mother ______ this afternoon? [单选题] *A．goes to see a filmB．go to the filmC．see a film(正确答案)D．goes to the film3、He used to get up at six in the morning,（)? [单选题] *A. used heB. did heC. didnt he (正确答案)D. should he4、If you know the answer, _______ your hand, please. [单选题] *A. put up(正确答案)B. put downC. put onD. put in5、Stephanie _______ going shopping to staying at home. [单选题] *A. prefers(正确答案)B. likesC. preferD. instead6、75．Why not________ for a walk? [单选题] *A．go out(正确答案)B．to go outC．going outD．goes out7、81．Some birds are flying ________ the lake. What a beautiful picture! [单选题] * A．forB．underC．inD．above(正确答案)8、95--Where and when _______ you _______ it? [单选题] *A. did; buy(正确答案)B. do; buyC. have; boughtD. will; buy9、My daughter is neither slim nor fat and she’d like a _______ skirt. [单选题] *A. largeB. medium(正确答案)C. smallD. mini10、He’s so careless that he always _______ his school things at home. [单选题] *A. forgetsB. leaves(正确答案)C. putsD. buys11、( ) ____ eye exercises ___ good __ your eyes. [单选题] *A. Doing, is, for(正确答案)B. Doing, are, forC. Do, is, forD. Do, are, at12、25．—I ______ Beijing for a holiday.—________. [单选题] *A．will go；GoodbyeB．will go；Have a good time(正确答案)C．will go to；Have a good timeD．am going to；Have a fun13、—Judging from ____ number of bikes, there are not many people in the party.—I think so. People would rather stay at home in such _____ weather. [单选题] *A. the, aB. a, /C. the, /(正确答案)D. a, a14、His mother’s _______ was a great blow to him. [单选题] *A. diedB. deadC. death(正确答案)D. die15、—______ is it from your home to the bookstore?—About 15 kilometers.（）[单选题] *A. How far(正确答案)B. How muchC. How longD. How many16、_________ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. [单选题] *A.AlthoughB.WhileC.If(正确答案)D.Until17、Mr. Brown ______ the football match next week.（）[单选题] *A. is seeingC. sawD. is going to see(正确答案)18、If you want to _______, you’d better eat more healthy food and do more exercise. [单选题] *A. keep fatB. keep calmC. keep healthy(正确答案)D. keep on19、The three guests come from different _______. [单选题] *A. countryB. countrysC. countryesD. countries(正确答案)20、You must pay more attention to your pronunciation. [单选题] *A. 词汇B. 拼写C. 发音(正确答案)21、Our teacher was very happy because _______ failed the exam. [单选题] *A. somebodyB. anybodyC. nobody(正确答案)D. everybody22、The work will be finished _______ this month. [单选题] *A. at the endB. in the endC. by the endD. at the end of(正确答案)23、Alice is fond of playing ____ piano while Henry is interested in listening to ___ music. [单选题] *A. the, /(正确答案)B. the, theC. the, aD. /, the24、28．The question is very difficult. ______ can answer it. [单选题] *A．EveryoneB．No one(正确答案)C．SomeoneD．Anyone25、（）, it would be much more sensible to do it later instead of finishing it now. [单选题] *A. FinallyB. MildlyC. Actually(正确答案)D. Successfully26、4．—Alice’s never late for school.—________. [单选题] *A．So am I.B．So was I.C．Neither am I. (正确答案)D．Neither have I.27、Her ideas sound right, but _____ I'm not completely sure. [单选题] *A. somehow(正确答案)B. somewhatC. somewhereD. sometime28、No writer will be considered（）of the name until he writes a work. [单选题] *A. worthlessB. worthy(正确答案)C. worthwhileD. worth29、It is important for us _______ English well. [单选题] *A. learnB. learningC. to learn(正确答案)D. learned30、How _______ Grace grows! She’s almost as tall as her mother now. [单选题] *A. cuteB. strongC. fast(正确答案)D. clever。

学术英语(医学)_Unit 5

Unit 5 Healthy Living
Text A
• Critical reading and thinking – Topics for presentation – Useful expressions – Difficult sentences
•
Language building-up – Signpost language – Vocabulary test Suggested answers
• Our body intelligence suppressed and dormant • Tremendous amount of stress on a daily basis • Limiting, self-defeating, and even self-destructive behaviors that undermines our well-being and keeps them from achieving our full potential
Unit 5 Healthy Living
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Topics for presentation
4 Describe the time of great confusion we live in. • People’s mind infected by spin
Unit 5 Healthy Living
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Topics for presentation
3 Illustrate the relationship between life on automatic pilot and wellness. • Constant messages, positive and negative, sent to our mind about the health of our body • Physical symptoms suppressed • Being well equaled to being disease or illness free • Wellness confused with an absence of symptoms

医学学术英语课文翻译

医学学术英语课文翻译医学英语文献选读课文译文及部分参考答案Unit1 中医能否治好姚明的伤？1 NBA超级巨星姚明决定回中国寻求传统中医方法治疗他的应力性骨折，这一决定使医生和中医专家们就中医疗法是否有效争论不休。

2 这位27岁，7.6英尺高的休斯顿火箭队全明星中锋，因为左脚的应力性骨折被迫退出了这个赛季。

特别是在连接脚踝和脚掌的足舟骨上有一道裂缝。

3 姚明在上个月初进行了手术，手术时植入了一颗固定骨骼的钢钉。

施行手术的医生表示，手术十分成功。

姚明术后一旦能行走，将会进行积极的康复治疗。

4 这项手术通常需要4个月的术后休息。

但似乎姚明也想借助传统中医方法（中医是一种包括针灸和草药在内的医学体系）加快治疗进度。

周五，美联社报道称姚明已经回到了他的祖国，和中国顶级的中医专家进行了探讨。

5 一些美国医生，比如位于华盛顿特区的乔治・华盛顿大学中的整形外科医生---Robert.J.Neviaser，对这种额外的举动是否会有任何益处表示怀疑。

6 “我很清楚没有任何已知的科学证据表明，中医疗法能对应力性骨折有明显的效果。

”Neviaser说，“我们不太了解针灸，他的价值似乎在对手术麻醉的一种替代，但没有任何数据表明它对医治骨折有好处。

”7 但有些中医专家声称，尽管没有文献证据证明，但中医的方法似乎可以成功的解决姚明的伤痛。

8 “这么做毫无问题，如果我是姚明我也会这样做的。

因为传统西方医学中，除了被动地恢复也没有什么好的办法来治疗应力性骨折。

”Raymond Chang博士说，他是位于纽约的“中西药研究院”的院长。

9 “尽管只凭经验没有研究，传统中医在这种情况下是有用的，作为我们中国人所受教育的一部分，在几乎所有中国人的眼里，它是常见的，且享有盛誉，姚明选择这种疗法实在正常不过。

”Chang博士补充道。

10 应力性骨折十分疼痛，并且难以治愈。

11 和其他骨折不同，应力性骨折并不是一下子发生的。

相反，它是承重骨中脆弱的部分在机械性应力反复作用的的产物，比如那些足部骨骼。

医学英语阅读uint2中英对照

第一篇人体疾病第一章对人体的简要概述使我们对两个被认为是医学基础的不同学科有了初步认识，这两个学科就是解剖学与生理学。

然而不把病理学包括进去，这种概述是不完整的，因为病理学是研究疾病引起的结构和功能变化的学科。

实际上，现代对疾病的研究方法强调病理学与生理学的密切关系，并强调在治疗任何人体疾病时了解病理学与生理学基础的必要性。

The brief survey of the human body in Chapter One has given us a glimpse into two different studies that are considered the fundamentals of medical sciences, namely anatomy and physiology. However, the picture is not plete without considering pathology, the science that deals with the structural and functional changes produced by the disease. In fact, the modern approach to the study of disorder emphasizes the close relationship of the pathological and physiological aspects and the need to understand the fundamentals of each in treating any body diseases.那么什么是疾病呢？它可以被定义为正常机能或者部分机能遭受损害时的一种状态。

每一种生物，无论植物还是动物，都会生病。

例如，人类常常被微小的细菌感染，但是细菌又转而可能被更加微小的病毒感染。

《医学院校研究生英语读与写》(第三版)3、5、6、7、8、9、11章 vocabulary原题及答案

《医学院校研究生英语读与写》3/5/6/7/8/9/11vocabulary原题及答案Unit3TEXT A1)It is mandated in the regulations that the laid-off workers can get tax credits when they run their business.2)This directive applies to all apparatus liable to cause electromagnetic disturbance or the performance of which is to be affected by such disturbance.3)Without receiving any advance warning,the coastal cities in Southeast Asia sustained heavy losses from the hurricane last year.4)This cancer co-operative group organization provides information about cancer clinical trials,cancer research,patient advocates,drugs for cancer,experimental cancer treatments and general cancer treatment.5)On behalf of U.S.Secretary of Energy Samuel W.Bodman,I am pleased to announce that the United States supports the decision of the ITER(International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor)Parties to site the ITER reactor at Tokyo.6)The shop carries suits,coats,shirts,and miscellaneous accessories.7)The Legislative Counsel Committee claims copyright protection in those parts of Oregon Revised Statute that are legally subject to copyright protection.8)The government has empowered the police with absolute authority to stop anybody in the street during racial conflict.9)Methadone is used by heroin addicts as part of a program to wean them off the drug.10)They agree that a sound and stable relationship between China and the United States is good to help establish durable peace on the Korean Peninsula.The doctor-patient relationship is the foundation of modern medical1)ethics.What will be the2)touchstone the profession may need with the change of the doctor-patient relationship?First of all,instead of governing the doctor-patient relationship by3)fidelity and4) altruism,more patients and doctors meet each other while under contract than ever before and usually neither has truly free choice in the matter.Secondly,the5) continuity is rare for doctors of taking care of several generations of the same family as physicians couple and uncouple in group6)arrangements and are selected and deselected by managed care plans.Thirdly,the7)information learned from or about the patient seems to be wide open and8)confidentiality of medical records seems like food for earthworms.Medical practice is no longer personal and the managed care’s ethical9)foundation is population-based.In a word,the individual doctor-patient relationship is likely to remain the most important relationship in medicine—at least to doctors and the moral relationship based on payers and patients and10)integration of fairness to all with the choices of an individual would be established.TEXT A1)The little girl didn’t have enough money so she cajoled her boyfriend into buying her a new dress.2)According to British law,justice works on the premise that an accused person is innocent until proven guilty.3)It is a delicate job which cannot be done by a layman,but in which a variety of professional skills will be deployed.4)The city was even equipped with a drainage system,for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.5)The little girl shuddered at the sight of the dead body.She almost fainted right away.6)The shop has been enjoying public praise for a long time,but it’s inevitable that there will be the occasional disgruntled customer.7)Anyone with an annual income of less than$5,000may be eligible to apply,or may be regarded as a potential tax dodger.8)In South Korea in August,Robles finished first in the110meters but was disqualified for impeding Liu,who ended up winning a silver medal after being on course for gold.9)Yesterday,staff at the hospital were officially rebuked for telling patients they had cancer over the phone.10)Numeric values formatted to strings using standard and custom format codes.The job could only be done by computer,because it would be a tremendous amount of work.1.Let’s look at a sample case study to better understand why this is a________malnutrition mispractice misnutrition malpractice2.The more time,energy and money you spend acquiring________knowledge,the more control you have over your life.pertinent permanent prevalent perspective3.China’s top legislature might add mental distress in criminal cases to the conditions covered under the country’s first________law.tough taught tort naught4.The investigation was brought about by the determination of a sole________.accused plaintiff criminal witness5.The authorities had agreed to________normal requirements for permits to cross the border.wrench reckon stimulate waive6.An honest person can have many________personal or business reasons for private communications.humble legitimate modest considerate7.The rate and duration of China’s economic growth have no historical________precedent descendent demonstration illustration8.She threatened legal action against the newspaper for________of copyright.applicate breach communicate duplicate9.For some industrial scientists,the attractions of academia________any financial considerations.outlive outline outweigh outcome10.________or damaging of state or collective property by any organization or individual by whatever means is prohibited.Appropriation Appointment Appreciation ApproachTEXT A1.Fingerprints left on the only knife on the island mansion were the________for the murder.smoker’s gun big gun smoking gun starting gun2.Taking long-term courses of certain medication may increase________to infection.vulnerability subjectivity objectivity capability3.The funeral arrangements were________the family’s wishes.in collusion with out of keeping with hand in glove with along with 4.The fact that so many people have posted comments on this topic shows how________and complicated it is.pervasive passive adverse favorable5.The arrays were placed directly on the brain of a volunteer patient with epilepsy whose skull had already been opened to measure________electrical signals that trigger seizures.normal aberrant constant flashing6.The strip of flexible material wraps around the back of the head and covers the side of the eyes,blocking up to60percent of a wearer’s________vision.focal double peripheral distance7.The recent________in food prices around the world is because of rising energy costs.spear sphere plight spike8.To that end,he said he and Mr.Trump discussed ways to improve infrastructure along that US-Mexico border to______bilateral trade.restrict initiate ban facilitate9.Blind,deaf and mentally________children are sent to special education schools.radical rising rational retarded10.All the charitable endeavors in this world only manage to bring poverty into greater relief;they show it to be more terrible and________than utter dereliction.unabsorbent unacknowledged unintelligible unamiableThese risk associations remained statistically significant even after the authors limited the analyses to children who were born neither pre-term nor underweight and who had no obvious1)distress at birth(Apgar score above6).This suggests that the observations cannot be entirely explained by2)detrimental effects on the3)fetus due to the mother’s4)autoimmune disease.5)Combined with other research evidence,the authors6)speculated that certain autoimmune diseases may share a common genetic root with autism.Other autoimmune diseases,such as multiple sclerosis,psoriasis,and Crohn’s disease, in parents and siblings were not significantly7)associated with autism spectrum disorders in the study children.Furthermore,a family history of thyrotoxicosis was the only autoimmune disease8)studied that was associated with a lower risk of autism9) spectrum disorder.The study was published in the August Pediatrics and was funded by10)grants from the U.S.National Institute of Mental Health and the Aarhus University Research Foundation in Denmark.TEXT A1)His ambiguous directions confused us:we did not know which of the two roads to take.2)For this reason,I believe that this article should be subject to much more scrutiny.3)Greed has deadened him to what other people are suffering.4)Objectivism and subjectivism has the similar main points with that of metaphysical history.5)So long as he was willing to pay the charges,then he would be in compliance with the law.6)He said he was on the verge of an evolutionary breakthrough.7)For most people,few things evoke fear like the image of a great white shark.8)“Cruelty”means any infliction of unnecessary pain or distress on an animal whether by deliberate act or neglect.9)In statistics alone,Katrina was one of the worst disasters to befall the United States.10)Evil cannot be defeated overnight,but constant vigilance can keep it at bay,unable to harm us here at home.1.Once the robot can________facial expressions in a social context,the researchers plan to use him in an“automatic tutoring”experiment.download copy practice mimic2.________is a substance which delays or prevents a chemical reaction.Pigment Anesthetics Catalyst Inhibitor3.Underground mining can cause the surface________,and in turn induce the additional stress in the buildings in the mining area.deformation reformation transformation information4.The truth will be undeniable as all that we reveal can be supported by________ evidence.refutable irrefutable ambiguous unambiguous5.Foods with a low-glycemic are absorbed more slowly thus keeping________levels more stable.lipid pressure insulin fat6.Any break in the skin,even a________,provides an opening for dangerous germs.drop sip pinprick clip7.The energy possessed by an object by virtue of its motion is called________energy, or energy of motion.aerobic anaerobic kinetic surviving8.Disneyland is nothing but a hyper-real________of a theme park as if it were a small town.simulation stimulation decoration duplicationUnit8TEXT A1)The altruistic behaviors should be advocated and the egoism should be eliminated.2)The main form of blood donation in this country is to remunerate individuals for their donation.3)A taxi driver,exhausted after driving for more than18hours,crashed into a tricart and the man riding the tri-cart died after emergency treatment failed to resuscitate him.4)The famous pianist together with his concert at the Forbidden City Concert Hall gratified local classical fans.5)Monetary incentive is the most important factor in encouraging citizens’blood donation in many countries.6)After the heated discussion for the whole day his brilliant ideas were incorporated into the project at last.7)With the specially designed keyboard for blind people,users can put information into the computer,and software helps________the online words________voice information.convert to(直接按方框中显示的单词或词组填写即可)8)When making a plan,you should take account of each possibility as possible as you can in case of any unexpected mistake or occasion.9)It is common sense that we should omit superﬂuous words in writing telegrams so as to save money.10)Undoubtedly,sometimes parents’remarks place intangible pressure on children, even do harm to their mental health.TEXT B1.________activation is thought to be an important risk factor in blood clotting.Erythrocyte Plasma Leukocyte Platelet2.________is the loss of blood from a ruptured blood vessel,either internally or externally.Hepatitis Hemorrhage Hemophilia Leukemia3.I’m going to send for a special nurse,as the_______drip will run out soon.intravenous subcutaneous hypodermis infrasonic4.In an address today he said he still opposes the________cuts in green house gases encouraged by European nations.directed necessary arbitrary mandatory5.At last things appeared to be going on well,and if no________occurred,Herbert’s recovery might be regarded as certain.compensation compliment complement complication6.The beautiful girlfriend of his father may probably be the gift from God,to make up for the________love he never had.paternal maternal fraternal sororal7.Furthermore,showing the new staff around the premises will give them a sense of being valued,which will result in________.retention retirement recruit rehabilitation8.Recently one of the greatest IT companies underwent a________drive with a criterion that males are not allowed.retention retirement recruit rehabilitation9.When a loved one dies,the death becomes an emotional________and coping with it takes a great length of time.trauma scar cure heal10.The marked________among different age groups,he adds,is something of a mystery.displacement disparity dissemination disformationTEXT A1)Sacrificing nature for money would one day take its toll.2)As those costs inevitably swell,they will apply even more pressure to state budgets.3)But with exams looming,he decided he needed to focus more on his studies.4)Consider the scenario where a website allows you to use the functions of a partner website,but the partner site is not allowed to know who you are.5)As an anchor of the family,the father had to toil from early morning to late night.6)What may appear ahead may confuse and bewilder those who do not choose to see through it.7)Resources have irreplaceable function on the prosperity and development of this kind of city,but the exhaustion with resources,this kind of city faces severe challenge of existence and development.8)One implication is that every effort should be made to stop the growth of these unsustainable cities and gradually to reduce their size.There are two1)major schools of thought on2)personality development with one3) hypothesizing a relatively stable personality and the other holding a characterized4) plasticity or change in personality.Generally speaking,basic personality5)traits remain relatively6)consistent throughout one’s adult life according to previous studies;however,recent7)longitudinal studies suggest that absolute stability has been 8)overestimated,because there exists a decline of neuroticism and extroversion while an increase of agreeableness and9)conscientiousness.Besides,relatively10) predictable shifts may occur in other aspects of a person’s personality.An increased11) interiority is an example.A second domain concerns12)gender role identity.Any attempt to identify13)predictable personality changes in later life should note that longitudinal studies have found that adults tend to exhibit greater14)inter-individual differences as they grow older.And15)diseases can cause changes in personality which can be corrected with medical method.TEXT A1)People who are depressed often feel numb to events around them and don’t derive pleasure from experiences that they once found enjoyable.Such an absence or suppression of emotion,feeling,concern or passion is called G2)People with Alzheimer’s disease may become I or aggressive as the disease gets worse,who tend to feel stirred up,confused and irritable.3)People who live in places with long winter are at high risk of developing seasonal affective disorder(SAD),symptoms of which are often the same as other forms of depression,such as A movements,social withdrawal.4)While some people secretly plan and then commit suicide,most people exhibit one or more signs indicating the seriousness of their depression.If signs of a(n)F suicide coupled with recent losses can be noticed,depression can be treated through therapy as well as medications.5)A medical center has been B in flames in a suspicious fire within a short time which caused about$300,000damage.6)Every year,many young people sit exams and whether they love or E them,most of them will face some anxiety in the lead up to the big day.7)Have you ever snapped angrily at someone when you were hungry?If so,you’ve experienced“hangry”—the phenomenon whereby some people get J andshort-tempered when they’re overdue for a feed.8)Both alcohol and guns are significant social determinants of D,either considered independently or in combination,and it is important to call for stronger alcohol policies,including taxes and sales restrictions to help curb these critical problems.9)Mental H is not just your ability to bounce back,but also your capacity to adapt in the face of challenging circumstances,which help you deal with pressure and reduce the impact the stress has on your life.10)Medical students in the UK are facing C financial outlook.It is reported increased tuition fees,in addition to existing financial problems,are raising concerns overlong-term debt for the current intake of medical students.TEXT B1.We should not_______us to single subject,but should endeavor to expand our academic vision,widen thinking and promote philosophical cultivation.limit confine restrict restrain2.Children’s_______of extinction because of our destruction of their behavior should be discouraged because such behaviors may cause damage to objects or harm people or animals.aggressive enterprising aspiring ambitious3.When he realized that he couldn’t meet the deadline,he got into a_______.terror intimidation panic scare4.No matter how rich a person is or where he stays,evading feeling of negativity and depression is near pared to anti-depressant pills,_______works better and has no adverse effects.medication negotiation meditation mediation5.It is_______that we do more to address growing health disparities for women of color.Doing so is a priority for me as U.S.Senator.imperative comprehensible imminent eminent6.Many species are in_______natural habitat.hazard venture risk peril7.If you are feeling hungry,you will probably sit down at the first available opportunity to have something to eat.In some cases you may feel hungry even after a meal and not know why.It is even possible that you are hungrier after eating than before.But what brings about this______sensation sentiment emotion affection8.As the leading cause of early death among black Americans,homicide_______ black communities.Yet killing gets a disproportionately low share of federal research funding.damages disrupts devastates infringes9.Sleeping in a cold room or sleeping with the neck in an abnormal position may trigger a(n)_______headache because neck and scalp muscles contract.stress tension pressure strain10.Vascular occlusion is a(n)_______of a blood vessel,usually with a clot.When it occurs in a major vein,it can,in some cases,cause deep vein thrombosis.oppression occupation suffocation blockage。

《学术英语》医学-译文

Unit 1 Text A神经过载与千头万绪的医生患者经常抱怨自己的医生不会聆听他们的诉说。

虽然可能会有那么几个医生确实充耳不闻，但是大多数医生通情达理，还是能够感同身受的人。

我就纳闷为什么即使这些医生似乎成为批评的牺牲品。

我常常想这个问题的成因是不是就是医生所受的神经过载。

有时我感觉像变戏法，大脑千头万绪，事无巨细，不能挂一漏万。

如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然间崩塌了一样。

有一天，我算过一次常规就诊过程中我脑子里有多少想法在翻腾，试图据此弄清楚为了完满完成一项工作，一个医生的脑海机灵转动，需要处理多少个细节。

奥索里奥夫人56岁，是我的病人。

她有点超重。

她的糖尿病和高血压一直控制良好，恰到好处。

她的胆固醇偏高，但并没有服用任何药物。

她锻炼不够多，最后一次DEXA骨密度检测显示她的骨质变得有点疏松。

尽管她一直没有爽约，按时看病，并能按时做血液化验，但是她形容自己的生活还有压力。

总的说来，她健康良好，在医疗实践中很可能被描述为一个普通患者，并非过于复杂。

以下是整个20分钟看病的过程中我脑海中闪过的念头。

她做了血液化验，这是好事。

血糖好点了。

胆固醇不是很好。

可能需要考虑开始服用他汀类药物。

她的肝酶正常吗？她的体重有点增加。

我需要和她谈谈每天吃五种蔬果、每天步行30分钟的事。

糖尿病：她早上的血糖水平和晚上的比对结果如何？她最近是否和营养师谈过？她是否看过眼科医生？足科医生呢？她的血压还好，但不是很好。

我是不是应该再加一种降血压的药？药片多了是否让她困惑？更好地控制血压的益处和她可能什么药都不吃带来的风险孰重孰轻？骨密度DEXA扫描显示她的骨质有点疏松。

我是否应该让她服用二磷酸盐，因为这可以预防骨质疏松症？而我现在又要给她加一种药丸，而这种药需要详细说明。

也许留到下一次再说吧？她家里的情况怎么样呢？她现在是否有常见的生活压力？亦或她有可能有抑郁症或焦虑症？有没有时间让她做个抑郁问卷调查呢？健康保养：她最后一次乳房X光检查是什么时候做的？子宫颈抹片呢？50岁之后是否做过结肠镜检查？过去10年间她是否注射过破伤风加强疫苗？她是否符合接种肺炎疫苗的条件？奥索里奥夫人打断了我的思路，告诉我过去的几个月里她一直背痛。

医用英语医学文献翻译4（缺5,9整理版）

医⽤英语医学⽂献翻译4（缺5,9整理版）UNIT 1 TEXT B刷⽛，使⽤⽛线，以及每年2次的⽛齿检查是⼝腔卫⽣保健标准，但是保护你珍珠样洁⽩的⽛齿的好处远⽐我们知道的还要多。

在⼀篇评论⽂章中，塔夫茨⼤学⽛科医学院的⼀个教员破除了常见的⽛科神话，并概述了饮⾷和营养如何影响⼉童，青少年，孕妇，成年⼈和⽼年⼈的⼝腔健康。

误区1：⼝腔卫⽣的不良后果是限制嘴巴准妈妈也许不知道她们所吃的⾷物会影响到胎⼉的⽛齿发育。

在怀孕过程中的营养缺乏也许会使未出⽣的孩⼦在今后的⽣活中更容易出现蛀⽛。

“在14周到4个⽉⼤的时候，缺乏钙，维⽣素D，维⽣素A，蛋⽩质和卡路⾥会导致⼝腔软组织缺损，” Carole Palmer说。

Carole Palmer是，教育学博⼠(EdD)，注册营养师(RD)，塔夫茨⼤学教授，公共健康和社会服务系营养和⼝腔健康推进部的负责⼈。

有数据表明缺乏⾜够的维⽣素B6和B12可能是导致患唇裂和阻碍味觉形成的危险因素。

在童年的时候，最普遍的疾病是蛀⽛，⼤约⽐⼉童哮喘⾼五倍。

“如果⼀个⼉童因为蛀⽛⽽嘴巴受伤，他/她在学校会⽐较难集中注意⼒，⽽且会更喜欢吃容易咀嚼的⾷物，这些⾷物含有的营养往往更少些。

甜甜圈和点⼼这样的⾷物⼤多营养品质低下，含糖量⾼于其他需要咀嚼的富含营养的⾷物，⽐如⽔果和蔬菜，” Palmer说。

“⼝腔并发症与不良的饮⾷习惯会造成认知和⽣长发育问题，以及导致肥胖。

”误区2：吃越多糖，越容易蛀⽛这与你吃了多少糖⽆关，⽽是糖和⽛齿接触的时间有多少。

“⾷物，⽐如慢慢溶解的糖果和苏打⽔在嘴巴⾥停留的时间会⽐较久。

这增加了⽛齿暴露在⼝腔细菌由糖产⽣成的酸中的时间，” Palmer说。

有研究表明，⼗⼏岁的青少年⼤约40%的碳⽔化合物是由软饮料中摄取的。

这些源源不断地软饮料增加了⽛齿腐烂的风险。

⽆糖碳酸饮料和酸性饮料，⽐如柠檬⽔，往往被认为⽐含糖饮料对⽛齿更安全，但是经常⾷⽤的话仍会造成⽛齿釉质脱矿。

学术英语(第二版)医学教师用书Unit 5

UNIT 5 Healthy LivingTeaching ObjectivesAfter learning Unit 5, Ss are expected to accomplish the following objectives:Teaching Activities and ResourcesPart 1 ReadingText ALead-inSuggested teaching plan1.Start the class by brainstorming how health has been and should be defined. AskSs about their ideas and share beliefs and experience in this respect.2.Lead Ss to do Task / Lead-in.Key to the task1) Balancing calories:•Enjoy food, but eat less•Avoid oversized portions2) Increasing consumption of certain foods:•Whole grain•Fat-free or low-fat (1%) milk•Fruits and vegetables3) Reducing consumption of certain foods:•Low-sodium foods•Sugary drinks3.Introduce the topic of Text A as a natural continuum of Lead-in.Text ComprehensionSuggested teaching plan1.Chronic diseases have constituted a primary threat to health and well-being of theglobal population, and the chronic diseases have much to do with lifestyles. With that in mind, T may start the class by eliciting Ss’ perception of health, chronic diseases and healthy lifestyles.2.Analyze the text and lead Ss to discuss, integrating Task 2 / Critical reading andthinking / Text A into analysis and discussion. The presentation topics should be assigned to individual Ss for preparation at least one week in advance. Ask other Ss to preview the text with the guidance of the presentation topics.3.Integrate Task 2 / Language building-up / Text A when an expression of causeor effect is covered.4.When analyzing the text, ask Ss to pay special attention to the sentences listed inLanguage focus below.5.If time allows, ask Ss to do Task 1 / Critical reading and thinking / Text A inabout five minutes. Check out the task by asking one or two Ss to read their answers. This is done to get an overview about the text.Language focus1.The rise in chronic disease incidence and prevalence is paralleled by anunrelenting rise … (P110, Para. 2)parallel作为及物动词表示“使……与……平行”，此处用在被动语态中，可译为：慢性病发病率和患病率的上升与不健康生活表型的持续上升相伴相生。

医学英语文献选读2部分文章全文翻译

医学英语文献选读部分文章全文翻译Unit1 Text B定义和自然的炎症反应当生活组织都受伤了,一系列的变更,这可能会持续几个小时,几天或几周内,发生在和伤病的周围。

这个反应损伤被称为炎症,术语源自拉丁语inflammare意义燃烧.这受伤异常但身体的反应,炎症,是很正常的,如果复杂的、生理的反应——唯一一个可能的情况下的特殊损伤。

炎症反应的性质是首先被约翰亨特(1794),他在研究战伤后,得出结论:infammation本身是不应被视为一种疾病,但从而有利于机体要么暴力或一些疾病”。

许多不同类型的损伤可能引发炎症。

他们可分为如下:(1)物理因素如过度加热或冷却,紫外线和电离辐射或机械创伤。

(2)化学物质,包括各种细菌毒素。

(3)过敏反应。

反应的抗体或敏感的淋巴细胞和细菌或其他抗原可以释放物质的机制导致过敏炎症反应.(4)微生物感染中是一个非常重要的原因的炎症反应。

微生物在几个方面可能会伤害到组织——的释放将外——或者endo -毒素,通过超敏反应机制或细胞内乘法紧随其后的是细胞死亡中看到许多病毒感染。

(5)坏死的组织几乎任何原因导致释放物质诱发炎症在邻近的生活组织。

(6)反应在受伤后的头几个小时,一般印象和广泛不同的损伤缺陷引起simlilar最初反应-急性炎症反应。

炎性病变的性质通常是suffixitis所表示的。

因此发炎的阑尾是阑尾炎,肝肝炎等。

偶尔会有一些异常历史。

肺部炎症传统上是肺炎,而不是肺炎以及不pleuritis胸膜炎的胸膜。

急性和慢性的术语指响应的时间。

急性炎症持续几天或几周;慢性炎症持续数周、数月甚至数年。

炎性反应通常是有益的,事实上它是根本的在对抗大多数感染和限制的有害影响的许多有毒因子。

但是,事情并非总是有利的。

在许多情况下破坏的组织或其他意料之外的效果是由于不破坏代理,但一个或其他方面的受伤的身体反应。

例如在急性炎症喉部可能有足够的炎性肿胀来阻止气道,导致死亡的窒息。

在阿尔都反应和当地应对某些蜱虫叮咬,坏死的组织是由于物质的解放polymorphonuclear白细胞的累积损伤的部位的炎症反应的一部分:这种坏死并没有出现在动物的血液白细胞剥夺由之前的治疗与骨髓毒药如氮芥。

医学英语文献选读5-Unit 1-Text A

Unit 1 SurgeryText AComprehension ExercisesExercise 1 True or False StatementsKey: F-T-F-F-T ; F-F-F-T-FExercise 2 Multiple ChoicesKey: B D B BExercise 3 Questions and AnswersKey:1)Stress fractures, unlike many other types of fractures, don’t occur all at once.Rather, they are generally the result of repeated mechanical stress to a vulnerable, weight-bearing bone, such as those in the feet. While such fractures can happen to almost anyone, there are certain groups of people who are particularly vulnerable —those who engage in demanding sports, those who are tall, and those whose weight puts constant pressure and strain on their bones.2)Yes, I believe so. Because studies confirming some of the purported benefits ofChinese medicine for bone rep air may be on the way. Dr. Regis J. O’Keefe, chair of the department of orthopaedics and rehabilitation at the University of Rochester Medical Center, along with his colleagues, presented evidence at a recent meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, showing how one Chinese remedy appears to have some benefit, at least in mice. There is a compound in traditional Chinese herbs that can stimulate fracture repair and it alters a signaling pathway well known to regulate bone formation.3)Stress fracture sufferers should seek professional attention as soon as the problemarises and realize that certain medical conditions will require them to stop training or participating to allow their body to heal —even if they don’t want to. They should also take an active role to educate themselves so they can weigh all their options and participate in their care. Those who ascribe to alternative therapies would be best to keep their expectations in check. While trying alternative treatment modalities, such as this, may not be harmful, one needs to know that they are unlikely to heal fractures and can delay the return to athletic activity because of the persistence of the fracture, and potentially convert a stress fracture into a common variety displaced fracture.Vocabulary ExercisesEnhance your command of medical wordsExercise 1 Definitionkey:1)crack2)tarsal3)navicular4)acupuncture5)anesthetic6)orthopaedics7)hiatusExercise 2 TranslationKey:1)应力性骨折2)足舟骨3)踝关节4)康复计划5)传统中药6)整形外科7)传统中药治疗方式8)传统药物；常规药物9)机械应力10)骨骼形成11)骨折康复12)疼痛治疗；止痛方法13)骨折而导致骨错位Enhance your command of general wordsExercise 1 Blank-fillingKey:1)at odds2)looked to3)skeptical4)reputed5)empiricism6)upbringing7)In this respect8)dearthTranslation of the sentences1)从总统和民主党派在国会的谈话可以得知，他们在资金问题上意见不一致。

医学人文英语教程答案

Unit 1. History of medicineKeysText ALanguage FocusFill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary, and pay attention to the tense, voice and collocations of the verbs.1. is credited with;2. are sometimes referred to as;3. was supposed to;4. were espoused by;5. in addition to;6. was attributed to;7. categorize;8. is given credit for;9. though.Sentence Simulation（略）Translate the following sentences into English.1.Hippocrates proposed the humoral theory that the body of man has four distinct bodily fluidsin itself: blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile, different mixture of which leads todifferent temperaments.2.In ancient Greece, career as a doctor was passed on from father to son, so Hippocrates studiedmedicine under his father from his early age.3.Ancient Greek medicine was a field restricted by religious superstition where wizards cureddiseases by means of prayer, magic or ritual recitation of spells.4.It now appears that Hippocrates was incorrect in his explanation of the causes of humantemperament, but his temperament categories and names have been in use ever since.5.Ancient Western doctors about to enter medical practice were required to take an oath onmedical ethics, which was derived from the oath of Hippocrates, an ancient Greek physician revered as "father of medicine” in the West.6.As the father of Western medicine, Hippocrates is the first to formulate the code of ethics thatdoctors are required to comply with. Furthermore, his medical opinions and medical practice have exerted a huge influence on the development of Western medicine for centuries.Text BAnswer the following questions according to text B you have read.1. Four traditional examination methods: looking, listening and smelling, asking, and touching.2.①TCM can make diagnoses and treat patients without needing a scientific understanding of cause and pathogenesis.②the fundamentals of TCM remain largely unchanged and its theories inexplicable to science.3.①the methodological quality of trials is low.②Most of these trials are published in Chinese, inaccessible to western doctors, and not included in systematic reviews.③Selective publication of positive trials is another problem.4. All natural phenomena could be categorised into Yin and Yang (two opposite, complementary, interdependent, and exchangeable aspects of nature), everything in the universe consisted of five basic elements (wood, fire, earth, metal, and water), and the universe was constantly changing towards dynamic balance or harmony. Yin refers largely to the material aspects of the organism and Yang to functions. There is a circulation of Qi (energy) and blood. The organs work together by regulating and preserving Qi and blood through the so-called channels and collaterals. Disease occurs after a disturbance in Yin-Yang or flow of Qi or blood, or disharmony in the organs caused by pathogenic (eg, sadness, joy, lifestyle) and climatic factors (dampness, heat, cold). Treatment aims to expel or suppress the cause and restore balance.Unit 2 Health professionals for a new centuryText ALanguage FocusFill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.1.integration2.kept pace with3.adopts4.In view of5.effectiveness6.ultimate7.acquiring8.attributes9.shifts10.encounterTranslate the following sentences into English.7.Medical science is no longer simply biomedicine, but a comprehensive discipline ofhumanities, social sciences and biomedicine.8.Science and technology development, along with social progress, has put forward higherdemands and greater challenges on higher medical education.9.Medical education is characterized by a high degree of specialization and practicality, as wellas a comparatively high cost and a long training cycle.10.It is the main task of medical schools to train good doctors needed by the people.11.The objective of clinical medical education is to train capable and well qualified academicdoctors with a solid professional foundation and a broad spectrum of knowledge.12.The innovation of teaching methods has not only improved the students' initiative andenthusiasm to learn, but also enhanced the quality of clinical teaching and practice.13.In spite of its great progress, our country’s medical education still fails to keep pace withsocial progress, development of science and technology, and needs for medical and healthreform.Translate the following passage/sentence into Chinese.1.过去一个世纪教育的进步在于三个时代的教育改革。

药学英语第五版原文翻译

Introduction to PhysiologyIntroductionPhysiology is the study of the functions of living matter. It is concerned with how an organism performs its varied activities: how it feeds, how it moves, how it adapts to changing circumstances, how it spawns new generations. The subject is vast and embraces the whole of life. The success of physiology in explaining how organisms perform their daily tasks is based on the notion that they are intricate and exquisite machines whose operation is governed by the laws of physics and chemistry.Although some processes are similar across the whole spectrum of biology—the replication of the genetic code for or example—many are specific to particular groups of organisms. For this reason it is necessary to divide the subject into various parts such as bacterial physiology, plant physiology, and animal physiology.To study how an animal works it is first necessary to know how it is built. A full appreciation of the physiology of an organism must therefore be based on a sound knowledge of its anatomy. Experiments can then be carried out to establish how particular parts perform their functions. Although there have been many important physiological investigations on human volunteers, the need for precise control over the experimental conditions has meant that much of our present physiological knowledge has been derived from studies on other animals such as frogs, rabbits, cats, and dogs. When it is clear that a specific physiological process has a common basis in a wide variety of animal species, it is reasonable to assume that the same principles will apply to humans. The knowledge gained from this approach has given us a great insight into human physiology and endowed us with a solid foundation for the effective treatment of many diseases.The building blocks of the body are the cells, which are grouped together to form tissues. The principal types of tissue are epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular, each with its own characteristics. Many connective tissues have relatively few cells but have an extensive extracellular matrix. In contrast, smooth muscle consists of densely packed layers of muscle cells linked together via specific cell junctions. Organs such as the brain, the heart, the lungs, the intestines, and the liver are formed by the aggregation of different kinds of tissues. The organs are themselves parts of distinct physiological systems. The heart and blood vessels form the cardiovascular system; the lungs, trachea, and bronchi together with the chest wall and diaphragm form the respiratory system; the skeleton and skeletal muscles form the musculoskeletal system; the brain, spinal cord, autonomic nerves and ganglia, and peripheral somatic nerves form the nervous system, and so on.Cells differ widely in form and function but they all have certain生理学简介介绍生理学是研究生物体功能的科学。

医学英语文献选读5-Unit 2-Text B

Unit 2 Internal MedicineText BDepression Treatment May Overlook Severe SleepDisorder—Psychiatric NewsComprehension ExercisesExercise 1 True or False StatementsKey: F-F-F-F-F; T-F-F-T-TExercise 2 Questions and AnswersKey:1)Depression-related fatigue is hard to distinguish from excessive daytimesleepiness.2)Snoring, observed pauses in breathing in sleep, difficulty concentrating andmaking decisions, morning headaches and dry mouth, impotence, and hypertension.3)Using the device four or more hours per night.4)Those who have a small airway, large tongue, jaw deformities, or neurologicaldisorders that reduce neuromuscular support for the airway in sleep.5)Using behavioral interventions as well as medications, and adjusting therapy asnecessary to improve outcomes.Vocabulary ExercisesEnhance your command of medical wordsExercise 1 TranslationKey:1)睡眠障碍；失眠2)抗抑郁药剂3)行为科学4)额骨变形5)神经障碍；神经失调6)早逝7)精神科药物8)瞌睡加剧9)非安非他明类药物10)血清素激活的；含血清素的11)行为干预12)联络精神病学Exercise 2 TranslationKey:1)psychiatric counselor2)psychiatric disorders3)psychiatric genetics4)psychiatric nurseEnhance your command of general wordsExercise 1 TranslationKey:1)青霉素的主要副作用是过敏，有可能导致生命危险。

药学英语Unit 5 Text B注释及译文

Lead CompoundsBefore any medicinal chemistry project can get underway, a lead compound is required. A lead compound will have some property considered therapeutically useful. The property sought will depend on the tests used to detect the lead compound, which in turn depends on the drug's target. The level of biological activity may not be particularly high, but that does not matter. The lead compound is not intended to be used as a clinical agent. It is the starting point from which a clinically useful compound can be developed. Similarly, it does not matter whether the lead compound is toxic or has undesirable side effects. Again, drug design aims to improve the desirable effects of the lead compound and to remove the undesirable effects.1.seek [si:k] vt. & vi.寻找; 探寻vi.企图; 试图vt.请求, 征求;2.in turn ①依次, 轮流地；②相应地；转而3.target ['tɑ:ɡit]n. (射击的)靶子；(欲达到的)目[指]标；(服务的)对象; (攻击的)对象vt.瞄准某物4.intend [in'tend] vt.意欲, 打算；打算使, 想让…做5.undesirable [,ʌndɪ'zaɪərəbəl] n.不受欢迎的人;不良分子adj.可能招致麻烦或不便的;不想要的；不受大家欢迎的;讨厌的找到先导化合物是开展任何一项药物化学课题研究的前提。

医学英语综合教程第二版Unit5

医学英语综合教程第二版Unit5第一篇：医学英语综合教程第二版Unit 5免疫固有免疫（又叫自然免疫或者先天性免疫）为抵制微生物提供了早期的天然防线。

它有细胞和生化机制构成，他们甚至在感染之前就已经开始运转，随时准备迅速应对感染。

这些机制对微生物和受损细胞的产生做出反应，也已基本相同的方式应对重复感染。

固有免疫主要成分是1.物理和化学屏障，比如上皮组织和上皮表层产生的抗菌化学物。

2.噬菌细胞（嗜中性粒细胞，巨噬细胞），树突状细胞和自然杀伤细胞。

3.血蛋白，包括补体系统的成分和其他的炎症介质。

4.一种叫做细胞因子的蛋白质能够调节和协调固有免疫的细胞活动。

固有免疫机制是专门针对成组的相关联微生物共同拥有的结构的，他们可能无法分辨为生物之间的细小差别。

与固有免疫相比，因接触感染因子而被激活的其它的免疫反应会因为与某一种微生物的反复接触而体积增大和防御能力增强。

因为这种形式的免疫会随着对感染的反应而发展和调整，因此叫做适应性反应。

适应性免疫的明确特征是对不同的分子有敏锐的特异性，他有记忆的功能能够对相同微生物的重复感染做出更加激烈的应答。

适应性免疫系统能够识别，并对大量的微生物和非微生物产生应答。

此外，他有一种卓越的能力，能够区别不同的甚至是关系紧密的微生物和分子。

正因为如此，它有被成为特异性免疫，有时候也叫后天免疫，是为了强调这种强大的保护应答是因为（不断）接触而获得的。

适应性免疫的主要成分是淋巴细胞和他们的分泌物比如抗体。

诱发特异性免疫或者被淋巴细胞或抗体识别的外来物质被称为抗原。

保护诉诸抵制微生物的机制在所有的多细胞生物中以某种形式存在着。

这些机制构成了固有免疫。

构成适应性免疫的更加特异的防御机制只有在脊椎动物身上才有。

在进化过程中两种功能相似但是分子相异的适应性免疫系统在不同时期得到了发展。

大约5亿年前，八目鳗和盲鳗这些无颚鱼进化了一种独一无二的免疫系统，它有各种像淋巴细胞一样的细胞，能在更加高级的物种里像淋巴细胞一样发挥作用，甚至能对免疫应答。

医学英语文献选读5-Unit 1-Text B

Unit 1 SurgeryText BComprehension ExercisesExercise 1 True or False StatementsKey: F-T-F-F-F；F-F-T-F-FExercise 2 Questions and AnswersKey:1)Medication dosage or quantity can be reduced to limit toxicity, but that alsoincreases the risk of rejection. Alternately, the immune system may be suppressed too much, and infection may overwhelm the body.2)It will increase her risk for heart disease, infection, skin cancer and osteoporosis.3)Except in the case of identical twins, a transplanted organ is “non-self”, and theimmune response to the transplanted organ is all-out war and destroying that organ.4)Because she was taking 20 pills a day and developed cataracts, high-bloodpressure, osteopenia, and painful viral warts on the sole of her right foot. It was like trading one disease, her kidney disease, for a bunch of other horrible problems caused by these drugs.5)Searl feels that she can do what ordinary people do. She is a marathon runner andswims on a masters’ team. She likes to read, and admits to a penchant for the television show “Gossip Girl.”Vocabulary ExercisesEnhance your command of medical wordsExercise 1 TranslationKey:1)抗排斥药物2)病毒性疣3)混合嵌合体4)实验处理5)不匹配的Exercise 2 TranslationDirections: Translate the following terms into English with the word “chimerism”. Key:1)blood chimerism2)chromosome chimerism3)trace chimerism4)blood group chimerism5)micro-chimerismExercise 3 TranslationDirections: Translate the following terms into English with the word “microsurgical”. Key:1)microsurgical instruments2)microsurgical neurolysis3)microsurgical technique4)microsurgical forceps5)microsurgical scissors6)microsurgical instruments set7)microsurgical suture of tendonEnhance your command of general wordsExercise 1 Word DetectingKey：1)exquisitely2)precursor3)onslaught4)reboot5)grueling6)penchant7)gossipTranslation of the sentences1)骨骼肌敏锐地因应功能的需求而调整，不用时会萎缩，经常锻炼则会使体积增大。