高中语法----主谓一致

高中语法

----主谓一致的概述

英语中，谓语动词必须和主语的人称和数一致，这就叫主谓一致。主谓一致有三个基本原则：语法形式上一致，语言内容上一致（意义一致），谓语动词和紧挨着位于其前的主语一致（即就近一致）。下面从几个方面对主谓一致进行归纳。

一、如果主语是单数、动词不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。复数主语则用复数动词。如：

1.He likes bananas.

2.To be a scientist is my dream.

3.Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.

4.Persuading him to join us seems really hard.

5.That tom has gone abroad makes us all surprised.

6.News comes that his father is going to our school.

二、由and构成的词

1．主语由and或both…and 连接，谓语动词用复数。但如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人，同一个事物或同一个概念，谓语用单数。如：

a cart and horse(一套马车) a knife and fork(一副刀叉)

black and white(黑白花色的) coffee and milk（牛奶咖啡）

early to bed and early to rise(早起早睡) going to bed early and getting up early(早起早睡) ham and egg（鸡蛋汉堡）how and why（怎样为什么）

ink and pen(笔墨) iron and steel（钢铁）

law and order（法治/治安）the bread and butter(奶油面包)

the hammer and sickle(锤子和镰刀图案) the needle and thread(针线)

the singer and dancer(这位歌唱家兼舞蹈家) time and tide（岁月）

truth and honesty(真诚) to try and fail(试过而失败)

salt and water(盐水) war and peace(战争与和平)

when and where（何时何地）

等作主语时，谓语用单数。但有些带连词and 的省略结构形似单数，而意义为复数，随后的动词用复数。如：

1）Tom and Jack are students.

2）Both my sister and my brother like milk.

3）The singer and dancer is speaking at the meeting.

4）Bread and butter is healthful food.

5）The hammer and sickle was flying from a tall flagpole.

注意下面的句子

6）Good and bad taste are inculcated(灌输)by example.（好味道和差味道是尝出来的）7）What I say and think are no business of yours.

2. and 后加no构成复合主语时谓语动词用单数。如：

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.(只工作不玩耍，聪明也会变傻)

3. 结构one and a half +复数名词，谓语用单数。如：

One and a half apples is left for you.

4.当and连接的并列名词词组带有each、every、no、many a 等词时，随后的动词通常用单数。但each放在由and连接的并列单数主语后面或修饰复数概念的主语时，谓语动词用复

数形式。如：

1)Each boy and each girl has got an orange.

2)No sound and no voice is heard at night.

3)The boy and the girl each have their own toys.(注意)

4)They each have an English-Chinese dictionary.

三、两个作主语用的名词或代词由neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also,

…or…, not…but, whether…or连接时，谓语动词应和后面的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致，即就近原则。倒装句、here、be、there be、one in ten结构中谓语动词也遵循就近原则。注意：one out of ten, one in ten在非正式文体中遵循就近原则，但在正式文体中谓语用单数，如：

1.Not only the boys but also the father was to blame.

2.Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to these gifted students.

3.He or his brothers were to blame.

4.Here comes the bus and two cars.

5.There is a pen,five pencils and three books on the desk.

6.Nine out of every ten Pakistanis is a Moslen.

7.Three out of four people choose “Six Fox”soap.

8.One in ten students have finished the exam.

9.One in three students in the United States lives in the countryside. (高中课本P104页)

四、主语为表示时间、金钱、重量、距离、数量、度量以及国家和书报名称等作为单一的概念时谓语动词用单数形式。如：

1.Ten minutes is enough.

2.Twenty dollars is too expensive.

3.Ten pounds was missing from the till(现金出纳机).

4.Six hundred miles is a long distance.

五、在定语从句中，关系代词who, that, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中的先行词一致。在one of+复数名词+who/that/which引导的定语从句中，从句谓语动词常用复数。若one前有the (only)等修饰时，从句谓语动词常用单数。如

1.He is one of the boys who often play football in the street.

2.He was the only one of the persons who was invited to the ball.

六、由不定代词either, neither, each, one,the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, something, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：

1.Everyone is here.No one is away.

2.Each of the books cost en yuan.

3.Each/Every child is given a gift on Children’s Day.

4.Much has been done to solve the traffic problem.

5.When he came back,nothing was the same as before.

七、主语表示一部分，如three-fifths of、one thirds of、twenty percent of、half of、some of、the rest of、most of、a lot of、lots of、a load of、loads of、plenty of、the majority of、all、part of等of后接可数名词时谓语动词用复数，接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。

a quantity of + 可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。

quantities of + 可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。

an amount/amounts of+U谓语的选择与quantity一样

a mass/masses of +C/U谓语的选择与quantity一样