pneumonia呼吸系统肺炎英文带教
呼吸系统疾病：支气管肺炎
肺炎Pneumonia是指不同病原体或其他因素(如吸入或过敏等)所引起的肺部炎症 。
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主要临床表现为发热、咳嗽、气促、呼吸困难和肺部固定性中、细湿罗音。
为我国住院小儿死亡的第1位原因，被卫生部列为重点防治的小儿“四病”之一 。
PNEUMONIA 肺炎
Bronchopneumonia支气管肺炎 是小儿时期最常见的肺炎，又称小叶性肺炎lobular pneumonia 。 一年四季均可发病，冬、春季节多见。 3岁以下小儿多见。 气候骤变、居室拥挤、营养不良、免疫缺陷、先心病儿等为诱发因素。 Summary概 述
Chief syndromes主要症状
■ 呼吸增快: 40～80次/min，鼻翼扇动nosal aleflap，三凹征three depression sign。 ■ 发绀cyanosis: 口周、口唇、鼻唇沟、指趾端发绀。 ■ 肺部罗音crackles: 固定的中、细湿啰音，背部两侧下方及脊柱两旁较多，吸气末更明显 。 ■ 病灶融合时→实变征：语颤增强、叩诊浊音、呼吸音减弱、管性呼吸音。
病原体和毒素→心肌→中毒性心肌炎 缺氧→肺小动脉痉挛→肺动脉高压 重症肺炎→心力衰竭 、微循环障碍、休克甚至DIC。
心力衰竭
中枢神经系统改变
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缺氧和CO2潴留→PaCO2↑。高碳酸血症使脑血管扩张、血流减慢、血管通透性↑→脑水肿→颅内压↑； 严重缺氧→脑供氧不足→脑细胞无氧代射增加→脑组织乳酸堆积、ATP生成↓、Na+-K+泵转运功能障碍→脑细胞内钠、水潴留→脑水肿； 病原体毒素→脑水肿。
常见病原体：细菌和病毒
病毒：合胞、腺、副流感等。
细菌：肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、葡萄球菌等。
疫情相关词汇中英文对照
疫情相关词汇中英文对照一、疫病名称1、冠状病毒coronavirus。
2、2019新型冠状病毒2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)。
3、肺炎pneumonia。
4、病毒性肺炎viral pneumonia。
5、不明原因肺炎pneumonia of unknown etiology/cause。
6、严重急性呼吸综合征（非典）severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)。
7、严重急性呼吸道感染severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)。
8、急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)。
9、中东呼吸综合征Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)。
10、呼吸道疾病（呼吸系统疾病）respiratory diseases。
二、传染防控11、人传人person-to-person/human-to-human transmission。
12、乙类传染病Category B infectious diseases。
13、国际关注的突发公共卫生事件Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)。
14、行走的传染源mobile source of infection。
15、潜伏期incubation period。
16、无症状的潜伏期silent/asymptomatic incubation period。
17、特定传染病specific infectious disease。
18、病毒携带者virus carrier。
19、无症状携带者asymptomatic carrier。
20、超级传播者super spreader。
21、飞沫传播droplet transmission。
肺炎英文版
X-ray visible lesions in the apical or supraclavicular, uneven density, dissipated slowly, and can form a cavity or intrapulmonary spread. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be found in the sputum.
2021/2/2
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The condition of the patient
4, 1 day ago, the patient's condition worsened. He was admitted to the hospital for further treatment, quasi “Pneumonia, Parkinson's disease," admitted to our department. Has Parkinson's disease history for 5 years.
2021/2/2
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Thought
We can see, the patient's condition has improved, but there is no obvious improvement in imaging, This is characteristic of aspiration pneumonia, pulmonary lesions difficult to absorb, Patients with low immunity, easy recurrence of pneumonia So, the patients with recurrent pneumonia, so he has to stay in the hospital
呼吸系统疾病肺炎患者的护理培训课件
括终末气道、肺泡腔 和肺间质等）的炎症。
• 常见病,发病率及病死率高 • 易患人群：长期吸烟、老年患者、伴有
基础疾病免疫力低下
呼吸系统疾病肺炎患者的护理
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• 病因：可由多种病原体引起，如细菌、 病毒、真菌、寄生虫等。其中以细菌感 染引起的肺炎最为常见，占80%左右， 主要的致病菌为肺炎球菌、金葡菌、革 兰阴性杆菌等。此外，理化因素以及过 敏因素也可引起肺部感染。
呼吸系统疾病肺炎患者的护理
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定义
• 肺炎是肺实质（包括终末气道、肺泡腔 和肺间质等）的炎症。
• 常见病,发病率及病死率高 • 易患人群：长期吸烟、老年患者、伴有
基础疾病免疫力低下
呼吸系统疾病肺炎患者的护理
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• 病因：可由多种病原体引起，如细菌、 病毒、真菌、寄生虫等。其中以细菌感 染引起的肺炎最为常见，占80%左右， 主要的致病菌为肺炎球菌、金葡菌、革 兰阴性杆菌等。此外，理化因素以及过 敏因素也可引起肺部感染。
间质性肺炎
指炎症发生于 肺间质（支气 管壁、支气管 周围组织及肺 泡壁）
呼吸道症状轻 ，异常体征少 ，肺换气功能 障碍明显
呼吸系统疾病肺炎患者的护理
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[概述]
• 病因： • 分类：
（一）病因分类 （二）解剖分类 （三）患病环境分类
• 社区获得性肺炎 • 医院获得性肺炎
呼吸系统疾病肺炎患者的护理
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间质性肺炎
指炎症发生于 肺间质（支气 管壁、支气管 周围组织及肺 泡壁）
呼吸道症状轻 ，异常体征少 ，肺换气功能 障碍明显
呼吸系统疾病肺炎患者的护理
社区获得性肺炎 医院内获得性肺炎
概 是指居民中发生的 入院时不存在也不在
念 肺炎
呼吸内&急诊科英语
呼吸1——肺炎pneumonia[nju(:)'məunjə] 肺炎lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎lobular pneumonia （bronchopneumonia）小叶性肺炎（支气管肺炎）interstitial pneumonia 间质性肺炎Community Acquired Pneumonia （CAP）社区获得性肺炎（院外）Hospital Acquired Pneumonia （HAP）/ nosocomial pneumonia 医院获得性肺炎（院内）protected specimen brush（PBS ) 保护性毛刷bronchial alveolar lavage（BAL) 支气管肺泡灌洗Pneumococcal/Streptococcus[ˌstreptəu'kɔkəs] pneumonia 肺炎球菌肺炎Staphylococcal[ˌstæfiləʊ'kɔkəl]/Klebsiella pneumonia 葡萄球菌肺炎/克雷白杆菌肺炎Staphylococcus aureus/epidermis 金黄色葡萄球菌/表皮葡萄球菌Anaerobic[æneə'rəubik]/Legionaires[ˌli:dʒə'nɛə] pneumonia厌氧菌所致肺炎/军团菌肺炎Mycoplasma [ˌmaikəu'plæzmə]支原体RSV（respiratory syncytial virus）呼吸道合体细胞病毒HSV（herpes simplex virus）单纯疱疹病毒rhinovirus[ˌrainəu'vaiərəs] 鼻病毒contagious[kən'teidʒəs] adj. 传染性的,会蔓延的,会传播的Malaise[mæ'leiz] n. 不舒服、不适呼吸2——COPDChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD) 慢性阻塞性肺疾病comorbidity伴随疾病sputum['spju:təm] 痰spirometry[ˌspaiə'rɔmitri] 肺活量测定法dyspnea[dis'pni:ə] 呼吸困难rhinitis[rai'naitis] 鼻炎exacerbation[eksˌæsə(:)'beiʃən] 恶化，加剧Smoking cessation 戒烟SABA/LABA 短效/长效β2受体激动剂Ipratropium 异丙托溴胺Tiotropium Bromide 噻托溴铵Aminophylline 氨茶碱Pressurized metered-dose inhalers（pMDI）气雾剂Dry powder inhalers （DPI）干粉剂Nebulizer['nebjulaizə]雾化器NIPPV 无创性间断正压通气呼吸3——支气管哮喘bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 全球性哮喘防治建议polygenic inheritance多基因遗传atopy特应症allergy 变态反应immediate asthmatic response（IAR）速发型哮喘反应LAR 迟发型哮喘反应OAR 双相型哮喘反应inflammation in the airway 气道炎症airway hyperresponsiveness（AHR）气道高反应性non-adrenergic -non-cholinergic （NANC）非肾上腺素非胆碱能cough variant asthma（CVA）咳嗽变异性哮喘acute exacerbation 急性发作期chronic persistent period 慢性持续期relievable period 缓解期aspirin induced asthma阿司匹林哮喘exercise-induced asthma（EIA）运动性哮喘cardiac asthma 心源性哮喘bronchogenic carcinoma 支气管肺癌呼吸4——肺结核Pulmonary['pʌlmənəri] tuberculosis [tju,bə:kju'ləusis] 肺结核Mycobacterium [,maikəubæk'tiəriəm] tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌NTM（nontuberculous mycobacterium）非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium Bovis 牛型分枝杆菌M.africanum 非洲分支杆菌M.microti 田鼠分枝杆菌cording ['kɔ:diŋ] factor ['fæktə]索状因子drug resistant 耐药mutation 突变selection 诱导CMI （cell mediated immunity）细胞介导免疫反应DTH （delay type hypersensitivity）迟发型变态反应tuberculosis empyema [empi'i:mə] 结核性脓胸PPD（purified protein derivative [di'rivətiv]）纯蛋白衍生物INH（Isoniazid [,aisəu'naiəzid]）异烟肼RFP（rifampin [rai'fæmpin]）利福平SM（streptomycin [streptə'maisin]）链霉素PZA（pyrazinamide[,pirə'zinəmaid]）吡嗪酰胺EMB（ethambutol [eθ'æmbjʊtɔl]）已胺丁醇PAS（para-aminosalicylic acid）对氨基水杨酸DOT（Directly Observed Therapy）全程督导/管理BCG（bacillus Calmette-Guérin）卡介苗呼吸5——特发性肺间质纤维化Idiopathic [ˌidiəˈpæθik] pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)特发性肺间质纤维化interstitial lung disease(ILD)间质性肺病Diffuse parenchymal lung disease(DPLD) 弥漫性肺实质性肺病Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia [nju(:)'məunjə] （IIP）特发性间质性肺炎Usual interstitial pneumonia（UIP）普通间质性肺炎Acute interstitial pneumonia（AIP）急性间质性肺炎Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia（NSIP）非特异性间质性肺炎Bronchiolitis [ˌbrɔŋkiəuˈlaitis] obliterans with organizing pneumonia(BOOP或BOD)闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Desquamative [diˈskwæmətiv] interstitial pneumonia（DIP）脱屑性间质性肺病Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia（LIP）淋巴样间质性肺病Giant cell interstitial pneumonia（GIP）巨细胞性间质性肺病Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease（RBILD）呼吸细支气管炎性间质性肺疾病cryptogenic [ˌkriptəuˈdʒenik] fibrosing pneumonia隐源性机化性肺炎sarcoidosis [ˌsɑ:kɔiˈdəusis] 结节病Transbronchial Lung Biopsy（TBLB）支气管肺活检Bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) 支气管肺泡灌洗Goodpasture’s syndrome肺出血肾炎综合征Surfactant 肺泡表面活性物质ANA 抗核抗体RF 类风湿因子呼吸6——肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism[ˌθrɔmbəuˈembəlizm]（PTE）肺血栓栓塞pulmonary embolism (PE)肺栓塞pulmonary infarction肺梗死venous thromboembolism （VTE）静脉血栓栓塞症deep venous thrombosis（DVT）深静脉血栓形成CT pulmonary arteriography[ɑ:ˌtiəriˈɔɡrəfi]肺部CT肺动脉造影MRPA核磁动脉造影PAA肺动脉造影ultrasonic cardiogram （UCG）超声心动图Pulmonary Ventilation-perfusion scanning肺通气灌注显像Antithrombin [ˌæntiˈθrɔmbin] III抗凝血酶IIITissue-type plasminogen activator(TPA)组织纤溶酶原激活物recombinant [riˈkɔmbinənt] tissue-type plasminogen activator（rt-PA重组组织纤溶酶原激活物streptokinase [ˌstreptəuˈkaineis,-neiz,-ˈki-]（SK）链激酶urokinase ˌjuərəuˈkaineis]（UK）尿激酶activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT）活化部分凝血活酶时间prothrombin time （PT）凝血酶原时间INR 国际标准化比值platelet activating factors（PAF）血小板活化因子platelet-derived growth factor（PDGF）血小板衍生生长因子endothelium derived relaxing factor（EDRF）内皮细胞衍生舒张因子dyspnea [disˈpni:ə]呼吸困难hemoptysis [hiˈmɔptisis]喀血anticardiolipin [ˈæntikɑ:diəˈlipin] antibody syndrome抗心磷脂抗体综合征Venereal Disease Research Laboratory Test （VDRL）性病研究实验室试验Impedance plethysmography [pliθizˈmɔɡrəfi] (IPG) 下肢阻抗体积描记术呼吸7——肺癌Lung cancer肺癌Primary bronchogenic carcinoma原发性支气管肺癌Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)小细胞肺癌Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)非小细胞肺癌Squamous cell carcinoma鳞癌Adenocacinoma腺癌Large cell carcinoma大细胞癌Adenosquamous carcinoma腺鳞癌Bronchoalveolar carcinoma细支气管肺泡癌Horner symdromePancoast癌Paraneoplastic symdromes副癌综合征Carcinoid ['kɑ:siˌnɔid] 类癌综合征呼吸8——呼吸衰竭respiratory failure[risˈpaiərətri] [ˈfeiljə] 呼吸衰竭hypoxemic respiratory failure 低氧性呼吸衰竭（I型呼吸衰竭）hypercapnic respiratory failure 高碳酸性呼吸衰竭(II型呼吸衰竭)bronchiectasis 支气管扩张pachynsis pleurae [pə'kinsis] [ˈpluərə]胸膜肥厚obstructive ventilatory disorder 阻塞性通气功能障碍restrictive ventilatory disorder 限制性通气功能障碍pulmomary shunt 肺动静脉分流dead space-like ventilation死腔样通气diffusion function 弥散功能CO2 retention CO2潴留oxygen therapy ['ɔksidʒən] [ˈθerəpi]氧疗ventilator 呼吸机invasive ventilation [in'veisiv] [venti'leiʃən]有创性机械通气acute lung injury 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征cardiac pulmonary edema（CPE）心源性肺水肿PEEP 呼气末正压通气呼吸9——肺源性心脏病cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病chronic pulmonary heart disease 慢性肺源性心脏病sleep apnea syndrome 睡眠-呼吸暂停综合征pulmonary arterial hypertension（PAH）肺动脉高压remodeling 重建中毒poison/toxin 毒物induced emesis 催吐gastric lavage 洗胃blood stream decontamination therapy 血液净化治疗hemoperfusion 血液灌流急救医学Emergency medical service system (EMSS) 急诊医疗服务体系first aid 急救Emergency medical technician (EMT ) 急救医务人员Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) 心肺复苏physical trauma 肢体外伤Medical contingency planning 医疗应急计划triage 分诊，伤员鉴别分类Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team 灾难停尸间应变小组（识别遇难者尸体）veterinary 兽医pharmacy 药房urgency (n.) 紧急Basic Life Support(BLS) 基本生命支持Advanced Life Support(ALS) 高级生命支持assessment 判断、评估AED 自动体外除颤仪broad-spectrum antibiotic 广谱抗生素inspiratory plateau pressure 吸气平台压。
pneumonia呼吸系统肺炎全英文
耳炎咽炎 扁桃体炎 喉炎源自细支气管炎root
meani ng
example
pneumothorax[nju:mə'θɔ:ræks]气胸 pneumonia肺炎 pneumatic [nu:'mætɪk]充气的 pneumocystis[n'juːməsɪstɪs]肺囊虫 Pneum pneumonectomy[nju:mə'nektəmɪ] 肺切除术 pneumonrrhagia (o)Lung,ai [nju:mə'rei:dʒɪə] 肺出血 pneumograph['nju:məgrɑ:f] 呼吸描计议 pneumocyte[nju:mə'sɪt]肺细胞 pneumatocele['nju:mətəʊsi:l] 肺 r 膨出 Pulmo( o)Pulmonary['pʌlmənəri]肺的,肺病的
failure
hemothorax/ Pulmonary thromboembolism
Respiratory System
• Lab and other inspection
（一）pandect
bronchoscopy Blood tests antigen skin test Thoracoscope phlegm examinatio lungobiopsy n supersonic inspection pleural effusion respiratory function test thoracicopuncture Pulmometry radio examination
Respiratory System
Definition
基础医学英语口语6-Pneumonia
Pneumonia肺炎Introduction介绍Pneumonia is an inflammation and infection of the lungs. Every year, more than 60,000 Americans die of pneumonia. It can affect any body, but is more dangerous to older adults, infants, and patients with chronic illnesses.Pneumonia：[nju(:)5mEu]n.[医] 肺炎。
单词中首字母p不发音，pneu-表示“气流”，pneumal的意思是“肺的”，-a在医学英语中表示“疾病”；Inflammation：[7inflE5meiFEn]n. 炎症，发炎。
In-表示“处于……状态”，flame表示“火苗”，-ation是动词转换成名词的后缀；Infection：[in5fekFEn]n.[医] 传染，感染；Chronic：[5krCnik]adj.慢性的，其反义词为acute，急性的。
Preventing pneumonia is always better than treating it. If you do get pneumonia, recognizing its symptoms and treating it early offers the best chance for recovery.Recovery：恢复，治愈。
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung. Inflammation is the immune system's normal response to contaminants or injury. Germs such as bacteria or viruses cause inflammation.Contaminant: [kEn5tAminEnt]n.致污物,污染物，源于动词contaminate，污染；Injury：[5indVEri]n.外伤；Germ：[dVE:m]n.微生物, 细菌；Bacteria：[bAk5tiEriE]n.细菌，用作复数，单数形式是bacterium；Virus：[5vaiErEs]n.病毒。
介绍肺炎情况英文作文
介绍肺炎情况英文作文英文：Pneumonia is a respiratory infection that affects the lungs. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. The symptoms of pneumonia include coughing, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. Pneumonia can be mild or severe, and in severe cases, it can be life-threatening.There are different types of pneumonia, including community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and aspiration pneumonia. Community-acquired pneumonia is the most common type and is usually caused by bacteria. Hospital-acquired pneumonia, as the name suggests, is acquired in a hospital setting and is often caused by bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. Aspiration pneumonia occurs when food, drink, or other substances are inhaled into the lungs, causing an infection.Pneumonia can be prevented by getting vaccinatedagainst certain types of bacteria and viruses that cancause it. It can also be prevented by practicing good hygiene, such as washing your hands regularly and avoiding close contact with people who are sick.If you think you have pneumonia, it is important toseek medical attention right away. Your doctor can diagnose pneumonia by listening to your lungs and ordering a chestX-ray or other tests. Treatment for pneumonia usually involves antibiotics and rest.中文：肺炎是一种影响肺部的呼吸道感染。
呼吸康复涉及医学英语
cough 干咳、Nonproductive cough 干咳、Dyspnea 呼吸困难、Emphysema 肺气肿、 pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞、Bronchiectasis ［brɑŋki'ektəsɪs]支气管扩张、Bronchitis，bronchiolitis支气管炎，细支气管炎、Emphysema肺气肿、adenovirus 腺病毒、bronchitis 支气管炎、bronchopneumonia 支气管肺炎、cough 咳嗽、crackling rale dry rale 干罗音、dyspnea 呼吸困难、empyema 脓胸、fine rale 细罗音、interstitial pneumonia 间质性肺炎pulmonary abscess 肺脓疡、mycoplasma 支原体、URI 上呼吸道感染、moist rale 湿罗音、nasal flaring 鼻扇pneumocystic carinii 卡氏肺囊虫、pneumonococcus 肺炎球菌、pneumatocel 肺膨出、pneumothorax 气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸、pressure pneumothorax 张力性气胸、respiratory distress 呼吸窘迫respiratory syncytial virus 呼吸道合胞病毒、retraction 吸凹、staphylococcal aureus 金葡菌、sinusitis 鼻窦炎tachypnea 呼吸急促、asthma 哮喘、broncho dilator 支气管扩张、cough variant asthma 咳嗽变异性哮喘、FEV1 一秒种用力呼气容积、infantile asthma 婴儿哮喘、inhaler 吸入器、inhalation 吸入、immunotherapy 、免疫治疗、metered dose inhaler （MDI) 定量雾化吸入器、nuberlizer 雾化器、PEF 最大呼气容量、salbutamol 沙丁胺醇、sodium cromoglycate 色甘酸钠、spacer 储雾气、terbutalin 叔丁喘宁、wheeze 喘息、cavity 空洞primary complex 原发综合征、primary pulmonary tubeculosis 原发性肺结核、tuberculous pleuritis 结核性胸膜炎、sputum smear 痰涂片、tubercle bacillus 结核杆菌、tuberculosis 结核、tuberculous meningitis 结核性脑膜炎、bronchiospasm 支气管痉挛、diffusion anoxia弥散性缺氧、laryngospasm 喉痉挛、open airway开放气道、lateral column插管、Pediatrics小儿科、Geriatrics 老人病专科、Pediatric Ward儿科病房、Cardio—Thoracic Surgery心胸外科、Internal Medicine 内科、Nephrology 肾脏科、Neurology 神经科、Neurosurgery神经外科、Physiatry 物理康复科、Pulmonary Medicine肺科、dry干燥、adult 成人，成年人、aging 老化，老年、airway resistance 气道阻力、alveolar duct 肺泡管、alveolar dead space 肺泡死腔,肺泡无效腔、alveoli 腺泡，肺泡、automatic respiratory rhythm 自主呼吸节律、bacterial pneumonia 细菌性肺炎、肿瘤科Oncology、神经内科Neurology、急诊Emergency Dept、职业病科Occupational Medicine、烧伤中心Burn Center、呼吸治疗 Respiratory Therapy、Sterilization灭菌、消毒、medical apparatus and instruments：医疗器械、drugstore; chemist’s shop；pharmacy：药店、expectorant: 化痰药、儿科学paediatrics 、肺炎双球菌pneumococcus spp、腹泻diarrhoea 、葡萄膜uveal tract 葡萄膜炎uveitis 、葡萄球菌Staphylococcus spp。
肺炎英文版带教尼泊尔
Classification
1. Lobar pneumonia: Involvement of an entire lobe . 2. Lobular pneumonia: Involvement of parts of the lobe only, segmental or of alveoli contiguous to bronchi (bronchopneumonia).
Bronchopneumonia
X-ray:
lung's field lung marking
hilar shadow
Bronchopneumonia
CT:
Under the two lung multiple small patchy shadows vascular enlargement
Interstitial pneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia
X-ray:
• • • • lung's field hilar shadow lung marking Mesh and small patchy shadows
Interstitial pneumonia
CT:
Bronchial blood vessel bundle enlargement Ground glass shadow Higher density shadow
Clinical characteristics :
●Occurs more at pediatric.
发绀
●Symptoms: short of breath, cynaosis, cough.
●Inflammation can cause lymphangitis and along the lymphatics extension lymph node phlogistic.
呼吸系统内科名词解释
作者 : 彭灿邦大概就是这些。
1．Pneumonia：肺炎。
是指终末气道，肺泡和肺间质的炎症，可由病原微生物、理化因素、免疫损伤、过敏及药物所致。
细菌性肺炎是最常见的肺炎。
2．CAP：community acquired pneumonia社区获得性肺炎。
指在医院外社会环境中发生的肺炎，包括有明显潜伏期的病原菌感染而在入院后潜伏期内发病的肺炎。
3．HAP：hospital acquired pneumonia医院获得性肺炎。
指入院时不存在肺炎也不处于潜伏期而是住院后（48小时）发生的肺炎，临床表现有时不典型，以革兰染色阴性菌和混合感染为主。
4．重症肺炎：如果肺炎患者需要通气支持，循环支持和需要加强监护和治疗，则为重症肺炎。
5．碎石路样改变：传染性非典型肺炎CT检查，发现小叶内间隔和小叶间隔增厚，看似碎石路。
6．Pulmonary tuberculosis：肺结核。
结核分支杆菌入侵机体后在一定条件下引起发病的肺部慢性感染性疾病。
7．抗酸杆菌：结合分支杆菌抗酸染色呈红色，可抵抗盐酸酒精的脱色作用。
8．KOCH（科赫）现象：机体对结核菌初次感染与再次感染所表现出不同反应的现象。
9．内源性复发：原发结核感染时期一流下来的潜在病灶中的结核分枝杆菌重新活动而发生的继发性结核病。
10. 外源性重染：由于受到结核杆菌的再次感染而产生的继发性结核病。
11. 干酪样坏死：当结核分枝杆菌毒力强，数量多，机体超敏反应强，抵抗力低下的情况下产生，肉眼坏死物含脂质多，呈淡黄色，状似奶酪。
；12．结核菌素试验：选择左侧前臂上部1/3处，0.1mlPPD皮内注射，试验后48~72小时观察和记录结果，测量硬结的大小。
直径小于4mm为阴性，5~9mm为弱阳性，10~19mm为阳性，大于等于20mm或者虽然小于20mm，但局部出现水泡和淋巴管炎为强阳性。
13. Chronic bronchitis：慢性支气管炎。
是气管、气管粘膜及其周围组织的慢性炎症。
疫情相关词汇英文表达
疫情相关词汇英文表达一、疫病名称1.冠状病毒coronavirus2.2019新型冠状病毒2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)3.肺炎pneumonia4.病毒性肺炎viral pneumonia5.不明原因肺炎pneumonia of unknown etiology/cause6.严重急性呼吸综合征（非典）severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)7.严重急性呼吸道感染severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)8.急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)9.中东呼吸综合征Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)10.呼吸道疾病（呼吸系统疾病）respiratory diseases二、传染防控11.国际关注的突发公共卫生事件Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)12.乙类传染病Category B infectious diseases13.人传人person-to-person/human-to-human transmission14.行走的传染源mobile source of infection15.潜伏期incubation/latent period16.无症状的潜伏期silent/asymptomatic incubation period17.特定传染病specific infectious disease18.病毒携带者virus carrier19.无症状携带者asymptomatic carrier20.超级传播者super spreader21.飞沫传播droplet transmission22.接触传播contact transmission23.病毒的蔓延spread of a virus24.隐性感染covert/silent/inapparent/subclinical infection25.外源性感染exogenous infection26.密切接触者close contact27.接触者追踪contact tracing28.传染途径route of transmission29.传播方式mode of transmission30.宿主host31.易感人群susceptible/vulnerable population32.医院/院内感染nosocomial infection; hospital-acquired infection33.职业暴露occupational exposure34.确诊病例confirmed case35.疑似病例suspected case36.散在病例sporadic case37.输入性病例imported case38.二代病例second-generation case39.传染性transmissibility; infectivity40.致病性pathogenicity41.疫情epidemic; outbreak42.疫区affected area43.发病morbidity44.发热病人patients with fever; febrile patients; fever patients45.重症severe case46.发病率incidence rate47.死亡率mortality rate48.病死率（致死率）fatality/mortality/death rate49.治愈率recovery rate50.疫情防控epidemic prevention and control51.监测体温to monitor body temperature52.体温检测to check body temperature53.早发现、早隔离early detection and early isolation54.隔离治疗to receive treatment in isolation55.自我隔离to quarantine yourself in your home; self-monitored quarantine56.临床数据clinical data57.核酸检测nucleic acid testing (NAT)58.血清诊断serodiagnosis59.自觉接受医学观察to present yourself to medical observation60.解除医学观察to be discharged from medical observation61.诊断、治疗、追踪和筛查diagnosis, treatment, tracing and screening62.预防措施preventive measure63.疫苗vaccine64.戴口罩to wear a mask65.勤洗手/仔细洗手to wash your hands often/carefully66.消毒disinfection67.避免去人多的地方avoid crowds68.健康筛查health screening69.旅行限制travel restrictions70.健康申报表health declaration form71.海鲜市场seafood market72.活体农贸市场live animal market73.湿货市场wet market74.野味bushmeat; game75.果子狸masked palm civet76.蝙蝠bat77.竹鼠bamboo rat78.獾badger三、政策举措79.突发公共卫生事件public health emergency80.启动重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应to activate first-level public health emergency response81.掌握情况，不漏一人to have full knowledge of the situation (of the community) and leave no one unchecked82.遏制疫情蔓延to contain the outbreak83.封城A city is on lockdown./A city goes into lockdown.84.延迟开学to postpone the reopening of schools85.延长春节假期to extend the Chinese New Year holiday86.（公共场所）消毒、通风以及体温检测disinfection, ventilation and body temperature monitoring (in public areas)87.应急医院makeshift hospital88.火神山医院Huoshenshan Hospital (in Wuhan)89.雷神山医院Leishenshan Hospital (in Wuhan)90.暂停海外团队旅行to suspend overseas group tours91.关闭景点to close scenic spots92.取消大型集会to cancel mass gatherings93.减少外出to make fewer trips outside94.控制人口流动to curb population flow95.两周观察期two-week observation period96.停运长途汽车to halt long-distance buses97.调减市内公交to reduce the frequency of bus services in the city98.特殊报销政策special reimbursement rules99.紧平衡in tight balance100.医疗物资紧缺shortage of medical supplies101.日常基本生活物资daily necessities102.跨境采购cross-border procurement103.囤积食物to stock up on food104.捂货惜售hoarding105.瞒报to underreport106.哄抬价格price gouging107.顶格处罚the maximum penalty四、机构、职业群体和场所名称108.世卫组织World Health Organization (WHO)109.中央应对新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情工作领导小组（中央应对疫情工作领导小组）Leading Group of the CPC Central Committee for Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control110.国家卫生健康委员会（国家卫健委）National Health Commission (NHS) 111.中国疾病预防控制中心（中国疾控中心）Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)112.国家医疗保障局（国家医保局）National Healthcare Security Administration (NHSA)113.医疗机构medical institution114.卫生机构health institution115.医疗从业者medical practitioner; healthcare professional116.医疗人员medical personnel; health workforce; health workers117.一线医护人员frontline health workers118.钟南山Zhong Nanshan, a prominent Chinese expert in respiratory diseases (and a hero of the 2003 fight against SARS)119.定点医院designated hospitals120.发热门诊fever clinic121.重症监护病房intensive care unit (ICU)122.检疫所quarantine office123.药店pharmacy; drugstore五、病理症状124.病理pathology125.病原体pathogen126.病毒变异virus variation127.病毒突变virus mutation128.临床表现clinical picture129.上呼吸道感染upper respiratory tract infection (URTI)130.低氧血症hypoxemia; low blood oxygen131.纤维化fibrosis132.肺脓肿lung abscess133.双肺浸润性病灶infiltration in both lungs134.发热fever135.乏力fatigue136.干咳dry cough137.头疼headache138.胸闷chest distress; chest oppression139.心慌palpitations140.恶心想吐nausea141.腹泻diarrhea142.呼吸困难dyspnea; respiratory distress; breathing difficulties143.呼吸急促（气促）shortness of breath; panting144.感染性休克septic shock六、器具名称145.红外体温测量仪infrared thermometer146.体温检测热像仪thermal imaging camera for temperature monitoring 147.诊断器具diagnostic tool/kit148.消毒液disinfectant; antiseptic solution149.消毒湿巾disinfectant/antiseptic wipes150.含酒精洗手液alcohol-based hand rub/sanitizer151.口罩facemask; mask152.N95口罩N95 mask/respirator153.医用外科口罩surgical mask154.防护服protective suit155.护目镜goggles156.一次性手套disposable gloves157.负压救护车negative pressure ambulance七、其他医学名词158.国际卫生条例International Health Regulations (IHR)159.流行病学epidemiology160.流行病学调查（流调）epidemiological investigation161.呼吸器官respiratory organs162.呼吸道respiratory tract163.消化系统digestive system164.神经系统nervous system165.肾功能renal function166.流感influenza; flu167.结膜炎conjunctivitis; pink eye168.宿疾、慢性病chronic ailment; chronic disease 169.高血压hypertension; high blood pressure 170.糖尿病diabetes; diabetes mellitus171.心血管病cardiovascular disease172.基因序列genetic sequence173.基因结构genetic structure174.试剂reagent175.诊断diagnosis176.检测样本test sample177.医学观察medical watch; medical observation 178.病毒分离virus isolation179.抗病毒药antiviral drug180.退烧药febrifuge; antipyretic。
呼吸系统英文总结
呼吸系统的英文单词总结问诊句型How long have you had cough?您咳嗽多久了?Do you have chest pain when you cough?您咳嗽的时候胸痛吗?Does your chest hurt when you breathe in and out?您呼吸的时候胸口痛吗?Do you have any sputum when you cough?您咳嗽的时候有痰吗?What’s the sputum like? What color is it?痰是怎样的? 什么颜色?It is yellow and thick，clear and thin．它是黄色黏稠痰／稀薄痰。
Do you suffer from asthma?您有哮喘病吗?I need to listen to your lungs．Would you help me?我需要听一听您的肺，请配合一下行吗?I need to take your temperature, feel your pulse and measure your bloodpressure．我需要量一下您的体温、脉搏和血压。
The results of your physical examination show that you suffer from mild pneumonia．You need to have intra-venous antibiotics．and I’ll prescribe some pain-killers for your chest pain．您的检查结果表明您有轻度肺炎。
您需要静脉点滴抗生素，我会给您开些止痛药缓解胸痛。
As your pneumonia is mild, I will also prescribe some oral tablets foryou．But if you do not feel better in three days, please come back to seeme．您患的是轻度肺炎，我会给您开些口服药。
预防肺炎英语作文带翻译
预防肺炎英语作文带翻译英文：As we all know, pneumonia is a serious respiratory infection that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It can be a life-threatening illness, especially for young children, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems. Therefore, it is crucial to take preventive measures to reduce the risk of contracting pneumonia.First and foremost, getting vaccinated is one of the most effective ways to prevent pneumonia. There arevaccines available for the most common cause of pneumonia, which is the Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. By getting vaccinated, we can significantly lower the chances ofgetting infected and developing pneumonia.Secondly, practicing good hygiene is essential in preventing pneumonia. Washing hands frequently with soapand water, especially before eating and after using therestroom, can help prevent the spread of germs that can cause pneumonia. Avoiding close contact with sick individuals and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing can also help prevent the transmission of respiratory infections.In addition, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can also lower the risk of developing pneumonia. Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep can help keep the immune system strong and able to fight off infections. Avoiding smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke is also important, as smoking damages the lungs and increases the risk of respiratory infections, including pneumonia.Furthermore, it is important to be aware of environmental factors that can increase the risk of pneumonia. For example, exposure to air pollution, chemical fumes, and other respiratory irritants can damage the lungs and make them more susceptible to infections. Taking precautions such as wearing a mask in polluted areas and avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals can help reduce therisk of pneumonia.In conclusion, taking preventive measures such asgetting vaccinated, practicing good hygiene, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and being aware of environmental factors can significantly reduce the risk of contracting pneumonia. By taking these steps, we can protect ourselves and our loved ones from this potentially serious illness.中文：众所周知，肺炎是一种严重的呼吸道感染，可以由细菌、病毒或真菌引起。
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Definition
Pneumonia is an acute infection of the parenchyma[pə'reŋkɪmə] of
the lung, 肺炎是肺实质的急性感染 ，(lowerrespiratory tract) 下呼吸道 caused by microorganism [maɪkrəʊ'ɔ:gənɪzəm] 由微生物引起, comes with fever , focal chest
• Viruses病毒
fung-
真菌
fungoid似真菌的，状的[fʌŋgɔɪd] 、fungicide杀真菌 剂[fʌngɪsaɪd]
myc-
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霉菌
mycoology霉菌学，真菌学 antimycotic抗真菌的
Respiratory System
Classification分类
• Classification of anatomy按解剖分类 • Classification of pathogen按病原体分类 • Classification of acquired environment
按患病环境分类
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CRelaspsirsaitfoicryaStyiostnemby anatomy按解剖
Respiratory System
root
meanin g
example
dys-
有病的、 不正常 的、有 障碍的
dyspnea（呼吸困难）[dɪs'pni:ə] 、dyscrasia（恶 病质）[dɪs'kreɪzjə] 、dysentry（痢疾）['dɪsntrɪ] 、 dysplasia（发育异常）[dɪs'pleɪʒə]
mediastinum
Respiratory System
（一）pandect
• Functions
➢ Breathing process
Alveolar/0-
oxygen carbon dioxide
c0o2 2
➢ Exchange of Oxygen Hyperpnea Cyanosis and Carbon Dioxide
Байду номын сангаас
分枝杆菌 •baMcilly- cobacte杆ri菌a
bacillemia杆菌血症[bəsɪ'li:mɪə]
衣原体 •-coCccuhslamydia球e菌
diplococcus双球菌[dɪpləʊ'kɒkəs] 、gonococcus淋 球菌['gɒnəʊ'kɒkəs]
支原体 •strMepty- coplasm链a
➢ Expectoration 吐痰
Lung abscess/ bronchiectasis/ pneumonia
➢ Hemoptysis 咯血 pulmonary Tuberculosis
➢ Dyspnea
Pneumothorax 气胸/ pleural effusion/ left heart failure
Pulmo( o)-
Pulmonary['pʌlmənəri]肺的,肺病的
Pathobiology[pæθəbaɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] 病理学 Pathogen[‘pæθədʒən]病原体
Path(o) -
patholo gy
Pathogenesis [pæθə‘dʒenɪsɪs] 发病机理 病理学家
pathologist[pə’θɒlədʒɪst]
streptococcus链球菌属[streptə'kɒkəs]
真菌 •stapFhuyl-ngi
葡萄
寄生虫 •moPnial- rasites 念珠菌
staphylococcus葡萄球菌属[stæfɪlə'kɒkəs] 、 staphyloma葡萄肿[stæfɪ'ləʊmə]
moniliasis念珠菌病[mɒnɪ'laɪəsɪs]
pnea
hyper-
hypo-
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呼吸
eupnea（呼吸正常）[ju:p'ni:ə] 、tachypnea（呼 吸急促）[tækɪp'ni:ə]
超出、 在······ 之上、 高于、 过度
在······ 下、次 于、不 足
hyperadenosis（腺增大）[haɪpərædə'nəʊsɪs] 、 hyperaemia（充血）[haɪpə'ri:mɪə] 、 hyperinsulinism（胰岛素分泌过多） [haɪpə'ɪnsələnɪzəm] 、hyperpiesia（血压过高） [haɪpə(:)paɪ'ɪzjə] 、hyperthyroid（甲状腺功能亢 进）[haɪpə'θaɪrɔɪd]
分类
➢ Lobar大叶性 : Involvement of an entire lobe
一个完整的叶的参与
➢ Lobular小叶性 : Involvement of parts of the
lobe
only, segmental or of alveoli
contiguous to bronchi (bronchopneumonia支气
2021/3/14
root
meaning
example
gerCm- ausat病iv菌e organisms致病微生物 germicide杀菌剂[’dʒɜ:mɪsaɪd]
细菌 bacteri-
细菌
• Bacteria
bacteriology细菌学 bacteriemia菌血症 [bæktə'rɪəmjə] bactericide杀菌剂[bæk'tɪərɪsaɪd]
and Drug resistance increases
4
Respiratory System
（一）pandect
• Signs and symptoms
➢ Cough
Laryngitis/ bronchitis/ bronchial asthma/ chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/ lung cancer
类
Pneumococcal pneumonia [,njuːmə'kɒkəl] 肺炎球菌肺炎
Staphylococcal pneumonia stæfɪləʊ'kɒkəl] 葡萄球菌肺炎
pneumonia呼吸系统肺炎英文带教
Respiratory System
（一）pandect
• Organs
nose（nas/o OR rhin/o） larynx (laryn/o) bronchus (bronch/o) Lungs (pneumon/o OR pulmo ) diaphragm (diaphragm/o)
Bronchogenic[brɒnkəd'ʒenɪk] 支气管原的 bronchoscopy[b'rɒntʃəskəpɪ]支气管镜检查术 bronchitis[brɒŋ’kaɪtɪs] 支气管炎 bronchospasm['brɒŋkəspæzəm]支气管痉挛 Bronchoconstriction[brɒnt'ʃəʊkənstrɪkʃn]支气管狭窄
hypothermia（低体温）[haɪpə‘θɜ:miə] 、 hypoglottis（舌下部）[haɪpə'glɒtɪs] 、hypoacidity （胃）酸过少 [hɪpəʊə'sɪdɪtɪ] 、hypocalcemia（低 血钙）[haɪpəʊkæl'si:mɪə] 、hypoglycemia（低血
2021/3/14
耳炎 扁桃体炎
喉炎
细支气管炎
root
meanin g
example
Pneum(
o)-
Lung,ai
r
pneumothorax[nju:mə'θɔ:ræks]气胸 pneumonia肺炎 pneumatic [nu:'mætɪk]充气的 pneumocystis[n'juːməsɪstɪs]肺囊虫 pneumonectomy[nju:mə'nektəmɪ] 肺切除术 pneumonrrhagia [nju:mə'rei:dʒɪə] 肺出血 pneumograph['nju:məgrɑ:f] 呼吸描计议 pneumocyte[nju:mə'sɪt]肺细胞 pneumatocele['nju:mətəʊsi:l] 肺膨出
symptoms , shadowing on CXR （chest X-ray胸部x线检查）. 伴随发热，局灶性胸部症状，胸片阴 影。
Respiratory System
（二）、Pneumonia in general
Defense mechanism [di'fens 'mekənizəm]of the respiratory tract（呼吸道防御机制）
Respiratory System
Etiology病因
There are two factors involved in the formation of pneumonia ,
参与肺炎形成的两个因素，
including pathogens and host defenses.包括
病原体和宿主防御
管肺炎 ).
只有部分的肺叶，节段性支气管或相连的肺泡受 累；
➢ Interstitial间质性[ɪntə’stɪʃl] : Involvement of the interstitial tissue of the lungs肺间质组织参