呼吸系统病理2(英文版)课件
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呼吸系统(英文版) PPT-
The nasopharynx is the fist division, and it is nearest to the nasal cavities. It contains the adenoids, which are masses of lymphatic tissue. The adenoids (also known as the pharyngeal tonsils) are more prominent in children, and if enlarged, they can obstruct air passageways.
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New words
咽
nasopharynx 鼻咽 oropharynx 口咽 laryngopharynx喉咽 pharyngeal 咽的 hypopharyngeal 下咽的
throat 咽喉 adenoid 腺样体
adeno-
adenoma
adenocarcinoma
adenovirus
Responsibilities of respiratory system
Respiration = exchange of gases between body and air
Provides oxygen to body cells for energy Removes carbon dioxide from body cells
tonsil 扁桃体
pharyngeal ~
palatine ~
palatine 腭的 larynx 喉 esophagus 食道 vocal cord 声带 vibrate震动 deterrent 妨碍物 flap 皮瓣 epiglottis 会厌 10
9
New words
咽
nasopharynx 鼻咽 oropharynx 口咽 laryngopharynx喉咽 pharyngeal 咽的 hypopharyngeal 下咽的
throat 咽喉 adenoid 腺样体
adeno-
adenoma
adenocarcinoma
adenovirus
Responsibilities of respiratory system
Respiration = exchange of gases between body and air
Provides oxygen to body cells for energy Removes carbon dioxide from body cells
tonsil 扁桃体
pharyngeal ~
palatine ~
palatine 腭的 larynx 喉 esophagus 食道 vocal cord 声带 vibrate震动 deterrent 妨碍物 flap 皮瓣 epiglottis 会厌 10
呼吸系统疾病(英文)页PPT文档
Respiratory Infections
The most frequent infections of childhood: 68/year
Pathogens:viruses,bacterial, other pathogens Host and environmental factors Classification of respiratory infections
Based on anatomy or X-ray manifestation
Bronchopneumonia Lobar or Lobular Pneumonia Interstitial Pneumonia
Pneumonia
Enmei Liu Children’s Hospital, CMU
Case -1
Jack, age four months, is sent at home by his general practitioner because of two days of rapid, laboured breathing and poor feeding. He was born at 27 weeks’ gestation, birth weight 979g and was discharged home at three months of age. On examination he was a fever of 37.4C and a respiratory rate of 60 breaths/min. His chest is hyperinflated with marked intercoatal recession. On auscultation there are generalized fine crackles and wheezes.
病理学英文课件：呼吸系统疾病
Alveolar sac
Type II alveolar cell
Type I alveolar cell
capillary
Blood–air Barrier
Alveolar septum
病理学—呼 吸
Alveolar pore (Kohn’s pore) macrophage
病理学—呼 吸
Heart failure cell:
Lobule
Alveolus
Acinus
病理学—呼 吸
Trachea
病理Ep学ith—el呼ium 吸
Lamina propria Submucosa
Adventitia
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
病理学—呼 吸
Brush cell Goblet cell basal cell ciliated cell small granular cell
Definition:
Alveolar macrophages containing hemosiderin are seen in cardiac failure.
病理学—呼 吸
The alveolar spaces contain macrophages which show brownish discoloration of their cytoplasm due to the hemosiderin content .
Pathological Change
• From trachea to bronchi and bronchioles
病理学—呼 吸
Diseases of Respiratory System
Type II alveolar cell
Type I alveolar cell
capillary
Blood–air Barrier
Alveolar septum
病理学—呼 吸
Alveolar pore (Kohn’s pore) macrophage
病理学—呼 吸
Heart failure cell:
Lobule
Alveolus
Acinus
病理学—呼 吸
Trachea
病理Ep学ith—el呼ium 吸
Lamina propria Submucosa
Adventitia
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
病理学—呼 吸
Brush cell Goblet cell basal cell ciliated cell small granular cell
Definition:
Alveolar macrophages containing hemosiderin are seen in cardiac failure.
病理学—呼 吸
The alveolar spaces contain macrophages which show brownish discoloration of their cytoplasm due to the hemosiderin content .
Pathological Change
• From trachea to bronchi and bronchioles
病理学—呼 吸
Diseases of Respiratory System
《呼吸系统疾病英文》PPT课件
Pathophysiology of the common cold
sore throat
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The clinical manifestation
Common cold ➢ congestion ➢ a runny nose ➢ sneezing ➢ Cough,sore throat ➢ sometimes vomiting and diarrhea ➢ Fever,malaise,abdominal pain
The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
Tan Wei-ping
1
Contents
▪ Upper Respiratory Infection ▪ Acute infectious Laryngitis ▪ Acute Bronchitis ▪ Bronchiolitis ▪ Pneumonia
➢ ﹤3yrs old, eczema, allergy ➢ symptoms resemble asthma ➢ recurrent episodes reduced
after 3~4yrs old.
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Treatment
➢ increased fluid intake
acetaminophen,ibuprofen, decrease the discomfort of colds. ➢Do not give aspirin (associated with Reye syndrome)
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Prevention
➢Keep your child away from a person with a cold.
Flu
儿童呼吸系统疾病(英文版)PPT演示幻灯片
tachypnea:RR40~80ts/m
nasal flaring, sighing respiration, three depression signs and cyanosis
fixed fine moist rales
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Pneumonia
the clinical manifestations of bronchopneumonia
Morphological classification
Lobar pneumonia Bronchopneumonia (lobular pneumonia) Interstitial pneumonia
6
Pneumonia
classification
Course Agent
Acute
< 1 month
The Lower Airway differences:
right bronchus is more wider, shorter, vertical less alveolar surface area
3
Pneumonia
Definition
An inflammation or infection of the bronchioles and alveolar spaces of the lungs
Pneumonia
manifestation
Severe bronchopneumonia
l digestive system
anorexia vomiting abdominal distention toxic enteritis
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Pneumonia
manifestation
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Etiology and pathogenesis
Silica particles less than 5 μm in diameter enter lungs and are phagocytozed by macrophages.
Free particles and fibroblast stimulating factor are released from the dead macrophages.
Basic PATHOLOGY
Today’s contents
Pneumoconiosis: Silicosis Chronic cor pulmonale Pulmonary carcinoma
Pneumoconiosis
a term originally coined to describe the lung reaction to inhalation of mineral dusts and now has been broadened to include diseases induced by:
Crystalline is the most toxic and fibrogenic, especially quartz.
Ingested silica particles
activation of pulmonary macrophage
release of mediators by pulmonary macrophage: IL1, TNF, Fibronectin Lipid mediators Oxygen-derived free radicals Fibrogenic cytokines
Stage Ⅲ:
Lesion may occur at entire lung with progressive massive fibrosis with cavities. There is grating when cut . The merged silicotic nodules are enlarged in size and demonstrate a neoplasm-like mass.
Morphology
1. Formation of silicotic nodules. 2. Diffuse fibrosis of pulmonary stroma.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
The nodules are black or gray-white in color and physically hard, tiny barely palpable, discrete ones in upper zones of the lungs.
Silicosis
Conception:
Silicosis is one of pneumoconiosis caused by deposition of silica particles in lungs. The characteristic lesion is silicotic nodule consisted of concentrated collagen fibers.
grating when cut.
In an advanced case, the lungs may be almost completely solid.
The hilar lymph nodes are much enlarged and pleura also involved even in the early stages, and their cut surface resembles the nodules.
The merged silicotic nodules are demonstrated
Histologically, the silicotic nodule often experienced three stages:
cellular nodule
fibrotic nodule
hyaline nodule.
Staging
Stage Ⅰ:
Lesion limited at the hilar lymph nodes and subpleural zones with the silicotic nodules is few in number.
Stage Ⅱ:
Lesion may scattered at upper and lower area in lung concentrated in the hilus with the silicotic nodules increase in number.
organic particulates inorganic particulates chemical fume- and vapor-
The mineral dust pneumoconiosis: the three most common types— Coal Work’s Pneumoconiosis Silicosis Asbestosis and Asbestosis-related Disease
Microscopically, the silicotic nodule demonstrates concentrically arranged hyalinized collagen fibers surrounding an amorphous center. A “whorled” appearance of the collagen fibers typically.
Complications
1. Tuberculosis 2. Cor pulmonale 3. Emphysema
Chronic cor pulmonale
(Pulmonary hypertensive heart disease)
Definition: