美国无损检测学会AmericanSocietyforNondestructive-质量监督

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无损检测简介

无损检测简介一、概述无损检测（Nondestructive T esting，NDT），又称无损探伤，是指在不损伤被检测对象的条件下，利用材料内部结构异常或缺陷存在所引起的对热、声、光、电、磁等物理量的变化，来探测各种工程材料、零部件、结构件等内部和表面缺陷。

无损检测被广泛用于金属材料、非金属材料、复合材料及其制品以及一些电子元器件的检测。

无损检测技术是第二次世界大战后在国际上迅速发展起来的一门新兴的综合性工程科学。

无损检测技术又称非破坏检查技术（Non-Destructive Testing），顾名思义，就是以不使被检查物使用性能及形态受到损伤为前提，通过一定的检测手段来检测或测量、显示和评估物质中因有缺陷或组织结构上的差异存在而会使其某些物理性质的物理量发生变化的现象，从而了解和评价材料、产品、设备构件直至生物等的性质、状态或内部结构等等的一种特殊的检测技术。

在国际上，目前已经得到普遍认同：一个国家、一个地区、一个行业，直至一个企业的工业技术水平可以通过其无损检测的技术水平来反映。

在国内，无损检测是工业发展必不可少的有效工具，其重要性已得到公认。

中国在1978年11月成立了全国性的无损检测学术组织——中国机械工程学会无损检测分会。

此外，冶金、电力、石油化工、船舶、宇航、核能等行业还成立了各自的无损检测学会或协会；部分省、自治区、直辖市和地级市成立了省（市）级、地市级无损检测学会或协会；东北、华东、西南等区域还各自成立了区域性的无损检测学会或协会。

中国目前开设无损检测专业课程的高校有大连理工大学、西安理工大学、西安工程大学、南昌航空大学等院校。

在无损检测的基础理论研究和仪器设备开发方面，中国与世界先进国家之间仍有较大的差距，特别是在红外、声发射等高新技术检测设备方面更是如此。

NDT 能应用于产品设计、材料选择、加工制造、成品检验、在役检查（维修保养）等多方面，在质量控制与降低成本之间能起最优化作用。

无损检测人员资格鉴定和认证

Recommended Practice No.SNT-TC-1A2016 EditionPersonnel Qualif ication and Certification in Nondestructive Testing无损检测人员资格鉴定和认证推荐性实施细则Copyright ©201 6 by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing.2016版版权归美国无损检测学会所有。

The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. (ASNT) is not responsible for the authenticity or accuracy of information herein. Published opinions and statements do not necessarily reflect the opinion of ASNT. Products or services that are advertised or mentioned do not carry the endorsement or recommendation of ASNT.在这里，美国无损检测学会不负责信息的真实性和准确性。

已经出版的意见和声明不反映ASNT 的意见。

刊登广告或提及的产品或服务没有得到ASNT的认可和推荐。

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by means electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the expressed prior written permission of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 没有美国无损检测学会的明确的预先书面许可，本出版物不能以任何电子或机械的形式被复制或传递，包括复印，录制或别的方法。

美国船级社(ABS)无损检测标准

其它海洋工程结构的射线检验范围应根据相应的规范要求来决定。
3.4射线探伤位置在选择探伤部位时应着重强调下列区域：高应力区的焊缝、其它重要的结构、使用中无法接近或难以检验的焊缝、合拢焊缝、怀疑有问题的区
域。 a) 水面船舶，船舯0.6L范围内的射线检验应主要在舷顶列板、舭列板、甲板纵桁、龙骨板的对接焊缝
ABS 无损检测指南
一．概述
1．检验准备一个直观的检验操作要使验船师满意；清理焊缝的方法和无损检测程序也要使验船师满意。
3．监测方法要用认可的无损检测方法去检查焊缝，例如射线检测（RT）、超声波检测（UT）、磁粉检测（ＭＴ）、着色检测（ＰＴ）。射线和超声波检测均可用于内部（表层下）检测。磁粉和着色检测或其它等效认可的方法一般用于焊缝的表层检测。检测的范围、位置和检测方法的选择主要根据入级规范、焊接所用的材料和程序以及质量控制程序。检测结果要是验船师满意。
5.9 无损检验证书 3 级 5.9.1 具有 3 级证书的无损检测人员可以指导下列任何无损检测方法的操作： I）对所有检测工具和人员负责 II）确定检测技术和程序 III）解释无损检测规则、标准、技术说明书和程序 IV）为特殊的无损检测选定特定的检测技术和程序 V）根据现有无损检测规则、标准、技术说明书对检测结果进行解释和评估 VI) 管理资格证书的考试（假如认证机构赋予此项权利）ＶII）执行或指导所有 1 级和 2 级人员的职责 5.9.2 3 级无损检测人员应该： I）在应用材料、装配、生产工艺方面具有深厚的造诣，以利于选择检测方法、创立和帮助创立可接受的检测技术 II）总体上通晓其它检测方法 III）具有培训和指导低于 3 级人员的能力
5.7 无损检验证书 2 级具有 2 级证书的无损检测人员可以根据既定的检测程序执行或指导无损检测，包括： I）确认 2 级人员所选用检测方法的限度 II）根据实际工作情况，把无损检测规则、标准、技术说明书和程序翻译成检验指导书 III）装配和教验检测设备 IV）执行和指导检测 V）根据可用的无损检测规则、标准、技术说明书对结果进行解释和评估 VI）准备无损检测指导书 VII）执行或指导所有 1 级人员的职责 VIII）培训和指导低于 2 级证书的人员 IX）组织和报告无损检测结果

NDT是无损检测的英文Nondestru

NDT 是无损检测的英文 NondestructiNDT是无损检测的英文(Non-destructive testing)缩写NDT是指对材料或工件实施一种不损害或不影响其未来使用性能或用途的检测手段。

通过使用NDT，能发现材料或工件内部和表面所存在的缺欠，能测量工件的几何特征和尺寸，能测定材料或工件的内部组成、结构、物理性能和状态等。

NDT能应用于产品设计、材料选择、加工制造、成品检验、在役检查(维修保养)等多方面，在质量控制与降低成本之间能起最优化作用。

NDT 还有助于保证产品的安全运行和(或)有效使用。

NDT包含了许多种已可有效应用的方法，最常用的NDT方法是：射线照相检测、超声检测、涡流检测、磁粉检测、渗透检测、目视检测、泄漏检测、声发射检测、射线透视检测等。

我国的国家标准中目前规定的是超声检测(UT)、射线照相检测(RT)、渗透检测(PT)、磁粉检测(MT)和涡流检测(ET)五项，我国的国防科技工业系统最近又新增加了声发射(AT或AE)、计算机层析成象检测(CT)、全息干涉和(或)错位散斑干涉检测、泄漏检测(LT)和目视检测(VT)等五种方法。

在欧美国家还把中子射线照相检测(NRT)以及日本把应变测试等也纳入了无损检测人员资格鉴定与认证的无损检测方法项目。

常用NDT方法的英文及其缩写：超声检测Ultrasonic：['?ltr?'s?nik]Testing(缩写UT)；射线(照相)检测Radiographic Testing(缩写RT)；磁粉检测Magnetic：[m?g'netik]particle：['pɑ：tikl]Testing(缩写MT)；渗透检验Penetrant Testing(缩写PT)；涡流检测Eddy current Testing(缩写ET)；非常规无损检测技术有：声发射检测Acoustic Emission Testing(缩写AE、AT)；泄漏检测Leak Testing(缩写UT)；光全息照相Optical Holography；红外热成象Infrared Thermography；微波检测Microwave Testing 计算机层析成像检测computed tomographic testing-CT目视检测visual testing-VT由于各种NDT方法，都各有其适用范围和局限性，因此新的NDT方法一直在不断地被开发和应用。

无损检测技术综述

无损检测技术综述本页仅作为文档封面，使用时可以删除This document is for reference only-rar21year.March无损检测技术原理与应用安全工程1401班 20140742011无损检测技术的定义及发展概况随着中国科学和工业技术的发展，高温、高压、高速度和高负荷已成为现代化工业的重要标志。

但它的实现是建立在材料高质量的基础之上的。

必须采用不破坏产品原来的形状，不改变使用性能的检测方法，以确保产品的安全可靠性，这种技术就是无损检测技术。

无损检测技术不损害被检测对象的使用性能，应用多种物理原理和化学现象，对各种工程材料，零部件，结构进行有效地检验和测试，借以评价它们的连续性、完整性、安全可靠性及某些物理信息。

目的是为了评价构件的允许负荷、寿命或剩余寿命，检测设备在制造和使用过程中产生的结构不完整性及缺陷情况，以便及时发现问题，保障设备安全[1]。

无损检测技术是机械工业的重要支柱，也是一项典型的具有低投入、高产出的工程应用技术。

可能很难找到其他任何一个应用学科分支，其涵盖的技术知识之渊博、覆盖的基本研究领域之众多、所涉及的应用领域之广泛能与无损检测相比。

美国前总统里根在发给美国无损检测学会成立20周年的贺电中曾说过，(无损检测)能给飞机和空间飞行器、发电厂、船舶、汽车和建筑物等带来更高的可靠性，没有无损检测(美国)就不可能享有目前在飞机、船舶和汽车等众多领域和其他领域的领先地位。

作为一门应用性极强的技术，只有与国家大型工程项目结合，解决国家大型和重点工程项目中急需解决的安全保障问题，无损检测技术才能有用武之地和广阔的发展空间[2]。

我国无损检测技术的快速发展得益于经济的快速发展和国家综合实力的快速增强。

近十年来，我国经济一直处于快速发展期，无损检测事业也处于蒸蒸日上的局面，其总体形势和水平已是十年前无法比拟。

在我国各工业部门和国防单位，我国无损检测工作者取得了令世人瞩目的成绩[2]。

ANSI ISA-92.00.02-2013、安装、操作和维护有毒气体检测仪器说明书

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ISA-92.00.02-2013 Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of Toxic Gas-Detection Instruments Approved 30 September 2013ANSI/ISA-92.00.02-2013, Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of Toxic Gas-Detection InstrumentsISBN: 978-0-876640-45-6Copyright © 2013by the International Society of Automation. All rights reserved. Not for resale. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the Publisher.ISA67 Alexander DriveP.O. Box 12277Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709- 3 - ANSI/ISA-92.00.02-2013PrefaceThis preface, as well as all footnotes and annexes, is included for information purposes and is not part of ISA-92.00.02-2013.This document has been prepared as part of the service of ISA toward a goal of uniformity in the field of instrumentation. To be of real value, this document should not be static but should be subject to periodic review. Toward this end, the Society welcomes all comments and criticisms and asks that they be addressed to the Secretary, Standards and Practices Board; ISA; 67 Alexander Drive; P. O. Box 12277; Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; Telephone (919) 549-8411;Fax(919)549-8288;E-mail:*****************.The ISA Standards and Practices Department is aware of the growing need for attention to the metric system of units in general, and the International System of Units (SI) in particular, in the preparation of instrumentation standards. The Department is further aware of the benefits to USA users of ISA standards of incorporating suitable references to the SI (and the metric system) in their business and professional dealings with other countries. Toward this end, this Department will endeavor to introduce SI-acceptable metric units in all new and revised standards, recommended practices, and technical reports to the greatest extent possible. IEEE/ASTM SI 10, American National Standard for Metric Practice, and future revisions, will be the reference guide for definitions, symbols, abbreviations, and conversion factors.It is the policy of ISA to encourage and welcome the participation of all concerned individuals and interests in the development of ISA standards, recommended practices, and technical reports. Participation in the ISA standards-making process by an individual in no way constitutes endorsement by the employer of that individual, of ISA, or of any of the standards, recommended practices, and technical reports that ISA develops.CAUTION — ISA DOES NOT TAKE ANY POSITION WITH RESPECT TO THE EXISTENCEOR VALIDITY OF ANY PATENT RIGHTS ASSERTED IN CONNECTION WITH THIS DOCUMENT, AND ISA DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR THE INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT. USERS ARE ADVISED THAT DETERMINATION OF THE VALIDITY OF ANY PATENT RIGHTS, AND THE RISK OF INFRINGEMENT OF SUCH RIGHTS, IS ENTIRELY THEIR OWN RESPONSIBILITY. PURSUANT TO ISA’S PATENT POLICY, ONE OR MORE PATENT HOLDERS OR PATENT APPLICANTS MAY HAVE DISCLOSED PATENTS THAT COULD BE INFRINGED BY USEOF THIS DOCUMENT AND EXECUTED A LETTER OF ASSURANCE COMMITTING TO THE GRANTING OF A LICENSE ON A WORLDWIDE, NON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS, WITH A FAIR AND REASONABLE ROYALTY RATE AND FAIR AND REASONABLE TERMS AND CONDITIONS. FOR MORE INFORMATION ON SUCH DISCLOSURES AND LETTERS OF ASSURANCE, CONTACT ISA OR VISIT /STANDARDSPATENTS.OTHER PATENTS OR PATENT CLAIMS MAY EXIST FOR WHICH A DISCLOSURE OR LETTER OF ASSURANCE HAS NOT BEEN RECEIVED. ISA IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR IDENTIFYING PATENTS OR PATENT APPLICATIONS FOR WHICH A LICENSE MAY BE REQUIRED, FOR CONDUCTING INQUIRIES INTO THE LEGAL VALIDITY OR SCOPE OF PATENTS, OR DETERMINING WHETHER ANY LICENSING TERMS OR CONDITIONS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH SUBMISSION OF A LETTER OF ASSURANCE, IF ANY, OR IN ANY LICENSING AGREEMENTS ARE REASONABLE OR NON-DISCRIMINATORY. ISA REQUESTS THAT ANYONE REVIEWING THIS DOCUMENT WHO IS AWARE OF ANY PATENTS THAT MAY IMPACT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DOCUMENT NOTIFY THE ISA STANDARDS AND PRACTICES DEPARTMENT OF THE PATENT AND ITS OWNER. ADDITIONALLY, THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY INVOLVE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS,ANSI/ISA-92.00.02-2013 - 4 -OPERATIONS OR EQUIPMENT. THE DOCUMENT CANNOT ANTICIPATE ALL POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OR ADDRESS ALL POSSIBLE SAFETY ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH USE IN HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS. THE USER OF THIS DOCUMENT MUST EXERCISE SOUND PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT CONCERNING ITS USE AND APPLICABILITY UNDER THE USER’S PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES. THE USER MUST ALSO CONSIDER THE APPLICABILITY OF ANY GOVERNMENTAL REGULATORY LIMITATIONS AND ESTABLISHED SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICES BEFORE IMPLEMENTING THIS DOCUMENT.The following people served as members of ISA Subcommittee ISA92.NAME COMPANYJ. Miller, Chair Detector Electronics CorporationR. Seitz, Vice Chair Artech EngineeringM. Coppler, Managing Director Det Norske Veritas Certification Inc.S. Baliga General MonitorsW. Bennett Mine Safety Appliances Co.T. Crawford Intertek Testing ServicesG. Garcha GE EnergyR. Goins Lyondell BasellK. Hedrick MSHA Approval & Certification CenterS. Henney FM ApprovalsC. Lucarino SenscientR. Masi Detcon Inc.D. Mills Underwriters Laboratories Inc.L. Owen Dooley Tackaberry Inc.A. Skinner GMI Gas Measurement Instruments LLCJ. Stratman Honeywell Analytics Inc.J. Thomason Omni Industrial Systems Inc.A. Vial Shell Exploration & Production Co.D. Wechsler American Chemistry CouncilThis standard was approved for publication by the ISA Standards and Practices Board on____________________.NAME COMPANYE. Cosman, Vice President The Dow Chemical CompanyD. Bartusiak ExxonMobil Chemical Co.P. Brett Honeywell Inc.J. Campbell ConsultantM. Coppler Det Norske Veritas Certification Inc.B. Dumortier Schneider ElectricD. Dunn Aramco Services Co.J. Federlein Federlein & Assoc. Inc.J. Gilsinn Kenexis ConsultingE. Icayan AtkinsJ. Jamison Spectra Energy Ltd.K. P. Lindner Endress + Hauser Process Solutions AGV. Maggioli Feltronics Corp.T. McAvinew Instrumentation and Control Engineering, LLC V. Mezzano Fluor CorporationC. Monchinski Automated Control Concepts Inc.R. Reimer Rockwell AutomationS. Russell Valero Energy Corp.- 5 - ANSI/ISA-92.00.02-2013 N. Sands DuPontH. Sasajima Azbil Corp.T. Schnaare Rosemount Inc.J. Tatera Tatera & Associates Inc.I. Verhappen Industrial Automation Networks Inc.W. Weidman WCW ConsultingJ. Weiss Applied Control Solutions LLCM. Wilkins Yokogawa IA Global Marketing (USMK)D. Zetterberg Chevron Energy Technology Co.This page intentionally left blank.- 7 - ANSI/ISA-92.00.02-2013Contents1Scope (11)2References (12)3Terms and definitions (12)4Basic information on the properties, behavior, and detection of gases and vapors (16)4.1Detecting gases and vapors – General (17)4.2Some common properties of gases and vapors (18)4.3The differences between detecting gases and vapors (19)4.4Oxygen deficiency (23)5Measuring principles (25)5.1General (25)5.2Selection criteria (26)5.3Miscellaneous factors affecting selection of equipment (30)6Behavior of gas releases (30)6.1Nature of a release (30)6.2Buildings and enclosures (33)6.3Unventilated buildings and enclosures (33)6.4Ventilated buildings and enclosures (34)6.5Natural ventilation (34)7Design and installation of fixed gas detection systems (35)7.1Basic considerations for the installation of fixed systems (35)7.2Location of detection points (36)7.3Access for calibration and maintenance (40)7.4Additional considerations for sample lines (40)7.5Summary of considerations for the location of sensors or sampling points (41)7.6Installation of sensors (42)7.7Integrity and safety of fixed systems (42)7.8Timing of installation during construction operations (44)7.9Commissioning (44)7.10Operating instructions, plans and records (45)8Use of portable and transportable toxic gas detection equipment (46)8.1General (46)8.2Initial and periodic check procedures for portable and transportableinstrumentation (47)8.3Guidance on the use of portable and transportable equipment (50)9Training of operational personnel (52)9.1General (52)9.2General training – Basic limitations and safety (53)9.3Operator training (54)9.4Maintenance training (54)10Maintenance, routine procedures and general administrative control (55)ANSI/ISA-92.00.02-2013 - 8 -10.1General (55)10.2Operational checks (56)10.3Maintenance (58)10.4Sensors (59)10.5Flow systems (60)10.6Readout devices (60)10.7Alarms (61)10.8Workshop calibration test and equipment (61)Annex A − Applicability & acceptance criteria (normative) (65)Annex B − Environmental parameters (informative) (67)Annex C − Instrument maintenance record for toxic gas detectors (typical) (informative) (71)INTRODUCTIONToxic gas detection equipment may be used whenever there is the possibility of a hazard to life or property caused by the accumulation of a toxic gas-air mixture. Such equipment can provide a means of reducing the hazard by detecting the presence of a toxic gas and issuing suitable audible or visual warnings. Gas detectors may also be used to initiate precautionary steps (for example plant shutdown, evacuation, and operation of fire extinguishing procedures).Equipment may be used to monitor a gas atmosphere below the applicable level, (PEL, REL, TWA, STEL or IDLH), limit in circumstances where accumulation of toxic gas may result in a concentration of the gas/air mixture to potential risks to life and health. Performance requirements for gas detecting equipment for such purposes are set out in ANSI/ISA-92.00.01 and ISA-92.00.04. However performance capability alone cannot ensure that the use of such equipment will properly safeguard life or property where toxic gases may be present. The level of safety obtained depends heavily upon correct selection, installation, calibration and periodic maintenance of the equipment, combined with knowledge of the limitations of the detection technique required. This cannot be achieved without responsible informed management.Portable equipment covered by the AN SI/ISA-92.00.01 and ISA-92.00.04 commonly have additional detectors for combustible gases and also for oxygen deficiency. Users are cautioned that even mild oxygen deficiency may be due to toxic concentrations of some other gas or vapor, which may not be detectable or adequately detected by the equipment in use. This concept must not be relied upon for detection of a non-monitored toxic gas because 0.1% oxygen reduction can mean 1,000 ppm or greater of the unknown toxic gas, which usually exceeds most toxic gas safety limits. All toxic gases suspected should be monitored by the proper equipment.Minimum requirements for the instruction manual of any particular toxic gas detection equipment are specified in ANSI/ISA-92.00.01 and ISA-92.00.04. These standards provide some necessary background knowledge on the points mentioned above.This standard has been specifically written to cover all the functions necessary from the need for gas detection all the way through ongoing maintenance of a successful gas detection operation. Different clauses are appropriate for different tasks within this range of operations. Each clause has been written as stand-alone as far as practicable. This means that some information is repeated in different clauses but with a different emphasis.The following table gives a broad suggestion as to the most relevant clauses to the typical tasks to be performed.ANSI/ISA-92.00.02-2013 - 10 -Table 1 – Functional applicabilityThis standard makes recommendations how to establish maintenance and calibration intervals. In certain countries there are general or industry-specific regulations that are mandatory and those shall be followed as a minimum requirement.- 11 - ANSI/ISA-92.00.02-20131 ScopeThis standard gives guidance on, and recommended practice for, the selection, installation, use and maintenance of electrically operated equipment intended for use in industrial and commercial safety applications for the detection and measurement of toxic gases complying with the requirements of ANSI/ISA-92.00.01 and ISA-92.00.04.This standard is a compilation of practical knowledge to assist the user, and applies to equipment, instruments and systems that indicate the presence of a toxic mixture of gasor vapor with air by using an electrical signal from a gas sensor to produce a meter reading, to activate a visual or audible pre-set alarm or other device, or any combination of these.Such equipment may be used as a means of reducing the risk whenever there is the possibility of a risk to life or health specifically due to the accumulation of a toxic gas-air mixture, by providing such warnings. It may also be used to initiate specific safety precautions (e.g. plant shutdown, evacuation, ventilation).This can be applied to all new permanent installations and, where reasonably practicable,to existing permanent installations. It is also applicable to temporary installations, whethernew or existing.Similarly it is applicable to the safe use of portable or transportable equipment, irrespective of the age or complexity of such equipment. Since much modern equipment ofthis type also includes other types of gas detection, some additional guidance is given for these topics.NOTE Equipment intended for use in hazardous(classified) areas should be Listed or Labeled for use withinthe intended area. For fixed equipment, installation should be in accordance with the National Electrical Code,ANSI/NFPA 70.For the purposes of this standard, except where specifically stated otherwise, toxic gases shall include toxic vapors.For the purposes of this standard, equipment includesa) fixed equipment;b) transportable equipment, andc) portable equipment.This standard is not intended to cover, but may provide useful information, for the following:a) equipment of laboratory or scientific type intended only for analysis or measurementpurposes;b) equipment intended for underground mining applications (group I equipment);c) equipment intended only for process control applications;d) equipment intended for applications in explosives processing and manufacture;。

压力容器常用词汇和缩写中英文对照

缩写/ 英文/中文AB Anchor Bolt 地脚螺栓Abs Absolute 绝对的Abs Abstract 文摘、摘要A/C Account 帐、帐目AC Alternating Current 交流电Add Addendum 补充、补遗、附录ADL Acceptable Defect Level 允许的缺陷标准Adpt Adapter 连接器、接头AE Absolute Error 绝对误差AET Acoustic Emission Examination 声发射检验AISC American Institute of Steel Construction 美国钢结构学会AISI American Iron and Steel Institute 美国钢铁学会AL Aluminium 铝Alk Alkaline 碱的、强碱的ALM Alarm 报警Alt Alternate 交流、改变Amb Ambient 周围的Amt Amount 数量、金额Anh Anhydrous 无水的ANSI American National Standard Institute 美国国家标准学会API American Petroleum Institute 美国石油学会App Apparatus 设备App Appendix 附录、补遗Appl Applied 应用的Appl Applicable 适当的、合适的Approx Approximate 大约、近似Appx Appendix 附录、附件Arrgt Arrangement 布置AS Alloy steel 合金钢Asb Asbestos 石棉ASL Above Sea Level 海拔高度ASM American Society for Metals 美国金属学会ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers 美国机械工程师学会Assem Assembly 装配ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials 美国材料试验学会Atm Atmosphere 大气atm Atmosphere pressure 大气压Auto Automatic 自动Aux Auxiliary 辅助设备、辅助的Avail Available 有效的、可用的Avg Average 平均AW Arc welding 电弧焊AW Automatic Welding 自动焊A.W.G. American Wire Gauge 美国线规AWS(AWI) American Welding Society(Institute) 美国焊接学会BAB Babbitt Metal 巴氏合金Baf Baffle 折流板、缓冲板BB Ball Bearing 滚珠轴承BC Between Centers 中心距、轴间距BC Bolt circle 螺栓中心圆BD Blow down 放空、放料BEDD Basic engineering design data 基础工程设计数据Bet Between 在…之间Bev Bevel 斜角、坡口BF Back face 背面、反面BF Blind flange 法兰盖（盲法兰）BHN Brinell hardness number 布氏硬度值BL Battery Limit 界区BL Battery Line 界区线B/L Bill of Loading 载荷数据表Bld Blind 盲板Blk Black 黑色Blk Blank 空白BM Bench Mark 基准标志BM Bending Moment 弯矩B/M (BOM) Bill of Material 材料表Bot Bottom 底BP Back Pressure 背压BP Base plate 底板BR Basic Requirements 基本要求BRG Bearing 轴承BRKT Bracket 支架Brs Brass 黄铜BS Both Side 两边BS British Standard 英国标准BS Balance Sheet 平衡表Bskt Basket 筐BTU British Thermal Unit 英国热量单位BV Back View 后视图BV Butterfly Valve 碟阀BW Brine Vater 冷冻盐水BW Butt Welding 对焊BWG Birmingham Wire Gauge 伯明翰线规BWRA. British Welding Research Association 英国焊接研究协会C Centigrade(degree) 摄氏度数CA Chemical Analysis 化学分析CA Corrosion Allowance 腐蚀裕量Calc Calculate 计算Cap Capacity 能力、容量CAS Cast Alloy Steel 铸造合金钢Cat Catalyst 触媒、催化剂Catg Catalog 目录、样本C-C(C/C) Center to center 中心距cc carbon copy 复写（纸复制）本cc cubic centimeter 立方厘米CCW Counter clockwise 反时针方向CD Cold Drawn 冷拉的、冷拔的CE Covered Electrode 焊条Cent Centrifugal 离心的CF Centrifugal Force 离心力CFW Continuous Fillet Weld 连续角焊缝CG Center of Gravity 重心CH Case-Hardening 表面硬化Ch Chapter 章节Cham Chamfer 倒角、斜角、斜面Chan Channel 通道、沟槽、管箱、槽钢Chk Check 检查CI Cast Iron 铸铁CIF Cost，Insurance and Freight 到岸价格Circ Circumference 圆周、环向CL Class 等级、类别CL Center Line 中心线CL Clearance 间隙CLAS Cast Low Alloy Steel 低合金铸钢CM Center of Mass 质量中心Cnds Condensate 冷凝液CO Clean Out 清除Co Company 公司Coef Coefficient 系数Col Column 柱、塔Comb Combination 组合Comp Compare 比较Comp Compound 化合物、复合的Compn Composition 组分Conc Concrete 混凝土Conc Concentration 浓度Cond Conductor 导体Cond Condition 条件Conn Connection 联接、接口Const Constant 常数、恒定的Const Construction 结构Cont Control 控制Cont Contain 包含Cont Content 内容、含量Corp Corporation 公司Corr Corrosion 腐蚀CP Centipoise 厘泊CP Center of Pressure 压力中心Cpl Coupling 管箍Cplg Coupling 联轴节CR Chloroprene Rubber 氯丁橡胶CS Carbon Steel 碳钢CS Center Section 中心截面CSTG Casting 铸造、铸件Ctr Center 中心CW Cooling Water 冷却水CW Continuous Welding 连续焊Cy Cycle 循环Cyl Cylinder 气缸、圆筒D Density 密度Dbl Double 二倍、双DEDD Detail Engineering Design Data 详细工程设计数据Def Definition 定义Deg Degree 度、等级Dept Department 部门Des Design 设计Det Detail 详细Detn Determination 确定、决定Dev Deviation 偏差Dev Device 装置DF Design Formula 设计公式Df Deflection 偏斜Dia Diameter 直径Diag Diagram 图Dim Dimension 尺寸Dir Direction 方向Disch Discharge 排出、出口Distr Distribution 分布Div Division 部分、区分DL Dead load 静载荷、自重Doc Document 文件、资料DP Design Pressure 设计压力DP Differential Pressure 压差、分压Dr Drill 钻孔Dr Drive 驱动DW Dead weight 静重、自重DW Demineralized Water 脱盐水Dwg Drawing 图E East 东EC Elasticity Coefficient 弹性系数Ecc Eccentric 偏心EF Electric Furnace 电炉Eff Efficiency 效率eg exempli gratia 例如EHP Effective Horsepower 有效功率EJ Expansion joint 膨胀节EL Elevation 标高Elb Elbow 弯头Elec Electric 电的Elem Element 元素、元件Ellip Ellipsoidal 椭球的、椭圆的Emer、Emerg Emergency 事故、紧急Encl Enclosure 密封、封闭Engrg、Eng Engineering 工程、设计EP Explosion Proof 防爆Eq Equipment 设备Eq Equation 公式、方程式Eq Equivalent 当量ES Electrostatic 静电EST Estimate 估计ESW Electro-Slag Welding 电渣焊ET Eddy Current Examination 涡流检验etc et cetera (and so on) 等等Evap Evaporate 蒸发Ex Example 例如Ex Excess 过剩、超过Exam Examination 检验Exh Exhaust 废气、排气Exp Expansion 膨胀Exptl Experimental 实验的Ext External 外部Ext Extreme 极端的FAO Finish All Over 全部加工FAX Facsimile 传真FB Flat Bar 扁钢FCAW Flux Cored Arc Welding 熔剂芯弧焊（手工焊）Fdn Foundation 基础FDW Feed Water 给水FF Flat Face 平面F/F Field Fabricated 现场制造Fig Figure 图Fin Finish 加工、完成FL Full Load 满载Flex Flexible 挠性Flg Flange 法兰FOB Free On Board 离岸价格FOC Free Of Charge 免费Forg Forging 锻件FOS Factor Of Safety 安全系数FREQ Frequency 频率FST Forged Steel 锻钢Ft Feet 英尺Ftg Fitting 管件、装配F.V. Full Vacuum 全真空FW Fresh Water 新鲜水FW Field Weld 现场焊接FW Fillet Weld 角焊缝GA General Average 平均值Gal Gallon 加仑Gen General 一般、总的Genr Generator 发电机、发生器GF Groove Face 槽面Gl Glass 玻璃GL Ground Level 地面标高GMAW Gas Metal Arc Welding 气体保护金属极电弧焊Gnd Ground 接地、地面Govt Government 政府GP General Purpose 一般用途、通用Gr Grade 等级Gr Gravity 重力Grd Ground 地面Grp Group 分组、类Gr- wt Gross weight 总重、毛重HB Brinell Hardness 布氏硬度HC Hydrocarbon 烃类HC High Capacity 大容量HD Head 压头Hex Hexagon 六角HH Hand Hole 手孔Hor Horizontal 水平、卧式hp Horsepower 马力HP High Pressure 高压HR Rockwell Hardness 洛氏硬度HR(hr) Hour 小时HRC Rockwell C Hardness C级洛氏硬度HS High Pressure Steam 高压蒸汽HS Shore Scleroscope Hardness 肖氏硬度HSC High Pressure Condensate 高压蒸汽凝液HT High Temperature 高温HT Heat Treatment 热处理HT Hydrostatic Test 水压试验HV Vickers Hardness 维氏硬度Hvy Heavy 重的、重型的HW Hot Water 热水ICW Inter Cooling Water 中间冷却水ID Inside Diameter 内径IF Interface 交接面Illus Illustration 说明、图解IN Inlet 进口in Inch 英寸incl Including 包括Ind Indicate 指示Ins Insulation 保温INSP Inspection 检验Instl Installation 安装Int Internal 内部的Int Intermediate 中间的Intmt Intermittent 间歇的、间断的I/O Input/Output 输入/输出Jt Joint 连接、接头KG Kilogram 公斤KW(kw) Kilowatt 千瓦LAS Low Alloy Steel 低合金钢lb pound 磅LC Level Control 液位控制器Leng Length 长度LF Female Face 凹面Lg Long 长的LG Level Glass 液位计LH Left Hand 左手Lin Linear 线性的Liq Liquid 液体Lj Lap joint 搭接LJ Lapped Joint 松套LM Male Face 凸面LMTD Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference 对数平均温差LN Liquid Nitrogen 液氮LN Level Normal 正常液位Lng Lining 衬里LNG Liquefied Natural Gas 液化天然气Lo Lubrication oil 润滑油Lo Low 低LOA Length Over-All 全长\总长LOC Location 位置Log Logarithm(to the base 10) 对数（以10为底）Long Longitudinal 纵向LP Low Pressure 低压LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas 液化石油气LT Low Temperature 低温LT Leak Testing 气密试验Ltd Limited 有限Ltr Letter 字母、信Lub Lubricate 润滑LW Lap Welding 搭接焊LWN Long Welding Neck 对焊长颈LWS Longitudinal Welded Seam 纵向焊缝M(m) Meter 米、公尺Mach Machine 机器Maint Maintenance 维修Mat(Mat’l) Material 材料MAWP Maximum Allowable Working Pressure 最大允许工作压力Max Maximum 最大MDMT Min. Design Metallic Temperature 最低设计金属温度Mech Mechanical 机械的Mfd Manufactured 制造的Mfr Manufacturer 制造商MG(mg) Milligram 毫克MH Manhole 人孔MI Melt Index 熔融指数MIG Metal Inert Gas Arc Welding 熔化极惰性气体保护焊Min Minimum 最小MIN(min) Minute 分钟MJG Metallic Jacketed Gasket 金属包复垫片Mk Mark 标志ml Milliliter 毫升mm Millimeter 毫米MP Medium Pressure 中压MPC Maximum Permissible Concentration 最大许用浓度MS Medium Pressure Steam 中压蒸汽MS Medium Steel 中碳钢MSL Mean Sea Level 平均海平面MT Magnetic Particle Examination 磁粉检测MTD Mean Temperature Difference 平均温差Mtd Mounted 安装、装配MTR Material Testing Report 材料试验报告MU Measurement Unit 测量单位MV Mean Value 平均值MW Mineral Wool 矿渣棉N North 北NA Not Applicable 不适用的NAT Natural 天然的Natl National 国家的NC America National Coarse Thread 美制粗牙螺纹NDT Nondestructive Testing 无损检验Neg Negative 负NF American National Fine Thread 美国细牙螺纹Nip Nipple 螺纹管接头、短节Nom Nominal 名义Nor Normal 正常NOZ Nozzle 接管NPS American Standard Straight Pipe Thread 美国标准直管螺纹NPSHA Net Positive Suction Head Available 有效汽蚀裕量NPSHR Net Positive Suction Head Required 要求汽蚀裕量NPT American Standard T aper Pipe Thread 美国标准锥管螺纹NT Net Tonnage 净吨数NTP Normal Temperature and Pressure 标准温度和压力NTS Not To Scale 不按比例Num Number 数、编号、号码Obj Object 目标、对象OC Operating Characteristic 操作特性OD Outside Diameter 外径OH Open Hearth 平炉Oper Operating 操作Opp Opposite 对面、相反OR Outside Radius 外半径OR Outside Ring 外环Orien Orientation 方位Ovhd Overhead 高架的、顶部的Oxyg Oxygen 氧P Page 页P Pressure 压力Par Parallel 平行Para Paragraph 节、段Pc Piece 件PE Polyethylene 聚乙烯PFD Process Flow Diagram 工艺流程图Perform Performance 性能PF Power Factor 功率因素PID Piping & Instruments Diagram 管道和仪表流程图Pl Plate 板Pneum Pneumatic 气、气动PO Purchase Order 订货单Port Portable 便携式、轻便Posit Positive 正Posit Position 位置ppb Parts per billion 十亿分之几ppm Parts per million 百万分之几Prod Product 产品Proj Project 项目、工程PS Polystyrene 聚苯乙烯psf Pounds per square feet 磅/平方英尺psi Pounds per square inch 磅/平方英寸PT Liquid Penetrants Examination 液体渗透检测PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene 聚四氟乙烯PVA Polyvinyl Acetate 聚醋酸乙烯PVAL Polyvinyl Alcohol 聚乙烯醇PVC Polyvinyl Chloride 聚氯乙烯PWHT Post Weld Heat Treatment 焊后热处理QA Quality Assurance 质量保证QC Quality Control 质量控制Qty Quantity 数量Qual Quality 质量R Radius 半径Rad Radial 径向RC Rockwell Hardness 洛氏硬度Recip Reciprocate 往复式Recirc Recirculate 再循环Recom Recommended 建议、推荐Ref Reference 参照、基准Refract Refractory 耐火材料Reg Regulator 调节器Regen Regenerator 再生器、再生塔Reinf Reinforce 加强Rel Relative 相对Rep Report 报告Rep Repeat 重复Reqd Required 要求、需要的REV Revision 修改、版次Rev Review 评论、检查Rev Revolution 旋转、转数RF Raise face 突台面RH Relative Humidity 相对湿度RH Right Hand 右手RMS Root Mean Square 均方根ROT Rotating 旋转rpm revolutions per minute 转/分rps revolutions per second 转/秒RT Radiographic Examination 射线照相检验S South 北SAW Submerged Arc Welding 埋弧焊Sc Scale 刻度、比例SC Standard Condition 标准状态（温度压力）SCH Schedule 表号、管厚号、进度Sec Second 秒Sec Section 剖面、节、段Seg Segment 节、段Sep Separator 分离器Seq Sequence 次序、顺序SG Specific Gravity 比重SHP Shaft Horsepower 轴马力SI Standard International 国际单位制Sig Signal 信号Sld Solid 固体SMAW Shield Metal Arc Welding 手工焊Smls Seamless 无缝的SO Slip on 平焊（法兰）Sol Solution 溶液SP Spare parts 备件Sp Special 特殊的、专门的SP Static pressure 静压力Spec Specification 说明、规定SpGr Specific Gravity 比重Sq Square 方形、平方SR Stress Relief 消除应力SS Stainless Steel 不锈钢Sta Station 站STD Standard 标准STDWT Standard Weight 标准重量STL Steel 钢STP Standard Temperature and Pressure 标准温度和压力Suc Suction 吸入Suppl Supplement 补充SW Shop Welding 车间焊接SW Spot Weld 点焊SW Socket Welding 承插焊（法兰）SWP Safety Working Pressure 安全工作压力SYM Symbol 符号、标志SYM Symmetry 对称SYS System 系统T Ton 吨TC Tungsten Carbide 碳化钨Tech Technique 技术TEMA Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 管壳式换热器制造商协会（美国）Temp Temperature 温度Term Terminal 终端、接头Thk Thickness 厚度TIG Tungsten Inert Gas Arc Welding 钨极惰性气体保护焊TL Tangent line 切线Tol Tolerance 公差Tot Total 总Trans Transfer 输送器TW Total Weight 总重TW Tack Welding 定位焊Typ Typical 典型、标准UNC Unified National Coarse Thread 统一标准粗牙螺纹UNF Unified National Fine Thread 统一标准细牙螺纹US Undersize 尺寸过小UT Ultrasonic Examination 超声波探伤UTS Ultimate Tensile Strength 抗拉强度极限Vac Vacuum 真空Vap Vapor 蒸汽Var Variable 变化、变量Vel Velocity 速度Vert Vertical 垂直Vol Volume 体积VT Visual Testing 宏观（目测）检查W Watt 瓦WL Welding Line 焊缝线WL Water Line 水线WPS Welding Procedure Specification 焊接工艺规程WP Working Pressure 工作压力WRC Welding Research Committee 焊接研究委员会（美国）WS Water Supply 供水WT Weight 重量W/V Wind Velocity 风速XR X-Ray X射线Yd Yard 码YP Yield Point 屈服点Yr Year 年。

初中级无损检测技术资格人员-射线检测考题汇编

YS-
中国有色金属行业标准
YY-中国医药行业标准
ZB-
中国专业标准
ZBY-中国仪器行业专用标准
ZY-
中国中医行业标准
CNS-台湾工业标准
国际标准：
ISO-国际标准化组织标准
IEC-国际电工委员会标准
JCAO-国际民用航空组织标准
EN-欧洲标准化委员会标准
In ter nati onal Stan dardizati on Orga ni zati on ,ISO
Intern ati onal Electrotech ni cal Commissio n,IEC
ICRP-国际射线防护委员会标准
IIW-国际焊接协会标准
美国标准：
ANSI-美国国家标准学会标准American Natio nal Sta ndards In stitute,ANSI
ASTM STD-美国材料与试验协会标准American Siciety for Testi ng and Materials,ASTM
［题目］利用物理作用，使两个连接表面上的原子相互接近到晶格距离，从而在固态条件下实现连接的方法统称为( )。
(A)固相焊接(B)熔焊(C)钎焊(D)对焊
［答案］A
11.AB002
［题目］使被连接的构件接头处局部加热熔化成液体，然后再冷却结晶成一体的方法称为( )。
(A) 熔焊(B)压焊(C)钎焊(D)以上都对
DIN-德国工业标准
术条件
其他：
UNI-意大利国家标准
AS-澳大利亚国家标准
STAS-罗马尼亚国家标准
『OCT-前苏联国家标准EFNDT欧洲无损检测联盟
无损探伤工【培训题库】试题
［等级名称］中级一、选择题（每题四个选项，其中只有一个是正确的，将正确的选项填入括号内）

微波无损检测技术在工业领域的应用路径探析

微波无损检测技术在工业领域的应用路径探析发布时间：2023-03-06T08:17:40.260Z 来源：《中国科技信息》2022年19期10月作者：高峰田好雨[导读] 微波检测技术是利用微波在介电材料中传播时，遇到异质界面发生反射、透射和散射的特性而提出的一种新型无损检测技术高峰田好雨浙江浙能数字科技有限公司摘要：微波检测技术是利用微波在介电材料中传播时，遇到异质界面发生反射、透射和散射的特性而提出的一种新型无损检测技术，该技术具有检测频谱宽、穿透力强、灵敏度高、非接触、无需耦合剂等特点，同时兼有检测速度快、受环境影响小以及绿色环保等优势。

本文对微波无损检测技术的发展及其在工业领域的应用进行了探索和研究。

关键词：微波技术；无损检测；工业应用引言近年来，微波检测已逐渐成为无损检测热门研究方向之一，受到国内外学者的广泛关注。

微波是一种频率范围在300MHz(波长约为1m)到300GHz(波长约为1mm)之间的电磁波，除了常用于通信和热加工外，还可用于材料电磁性能(复介电常数和复磁导率)测量和损伤检测。

微波无损检测属于一种综合性技术，综合运用物理、材料、测试计量等学科领域理论与技术，属于交叉学科研究方向，它的关键之处在于不会对被检测对象造成损坏，通过物理、化学等手段对各种材料、产品等进行检测及测试，进而对它们的连续性及完整性进行评价，是确保产品质量、节约原材料的有效手段，所以研究微波无损检测技术是十分必要的。

1微波检测技术介绍1.1微波检测技术发展微波无损检测技术开始于20世纪50年代初。

从世界范围来看，随着工业界对微波检测技术的关注度逐渐提高，各国先后设立了相应的技术委员会。

2011年，德国无损检测学会成立了微波与太赫兹检测专家委员会。

2014年，美国无损检测学会(American Society for Nondestructive Testing，ASNT)成立了微波检测委员会。

2016版ASNT标准中微波技术成为独立的检测方法。

ASME第V卷《无损检测》

ASME第V卷《⽆损检测》ASME 2010 第V卷《⽆损检测》新内容美国机械⼯程师学会（ASME）于2010年7⽉1⽇发布的最新版ASME第V卷《⽆损检测》，增添的新内容⼤多是围绕焊缝超声检测（UT）展开的，可见UT⽅法中隐含着⼤量鲜活的科技新信息新技能，⽆⼀不与当今⾼速发展的计算机技术息息相关。

充分熟悉新版新内容，熟练掌握新技能新要求，为承压设备制造质量提供安全可靠和⾼效的检测数据，是当今⽆损检测⼈员与时俱进，接受时代挑战的重要使命。

以下先介绍新版ASME有关承压设备⽆损检测的⼀般新内容，⽽后重点介绍有关超声检测新技术的新规定新要求。

1 ⼀般要求（第⼀章）检测结果评定（T-180）指出：ASME第V卷中各种⽆损检测⽅法所提供的验收标准，应符合相关卷的要求，并优先采⽤相关卷的规定。

2 焊缝超声检测（第四章）2.1 概述（T-420）指出：本章“焊缝超声检测⽅法”要求应与第V卷第⼀章“⼀般要求”并驾齐驱，这是指以下四⽅⾯的内容：（1）粗晶焊缝UT的特殊要求，按T-451。

（2）计算机成像技术（简称CITs）的特殊要求，按T-452。

（3）TOFD（超声衍射时差）技术，按本章强制性附录Ⅲ。

（4）相控阵⼿⼯光栅式扫查技术，按本章强制性附录Ⅳ。

2.2 试块曲率（T-434.1.7）有三点要求：（1）⼯件直径D＞500mm时，可⽤平⾯状基本校验试块。

（2）⼯件直径D≤500mm时，应使⽤曲⾯试块。

⼀个曲⾯试块可⽤于检测0.9-1.5倍直径的范围。

例如，D = 200mm的曲⾯试块，可⽤于校验D=180-300mm的曲⾯范围。

D=24-500mm的曲⾯范围，则需6种曲⾯试块（见图1）。

（3）管⼦校验试块：检测管焊缝时，基本校验试块的结构和反射体应按图2；曲率要求与上述（2）同。

试块尺⼨与反射体位置应适合于所⽤斜探头校验。

500375250125125250375500333200120724326233967108180300500⼯件曲⾯直径/ mm试块曲⾯直径/ m mAM NA ：基本校验试块M ：0.9 倍限值线N ：1.5 倍限值线图1 试块-⼯件曲⾯⽐限值弧长标称壁厚T堆焊层（如有则加）﹡线槽离试块边缘或线槽与线槽间距不得⼩于壁厚T 或25mm （取两者中较⼤值）。

[20140410-04]-各种典型对象MT检测工艺实例分析_陈玉宝

2、 TSG Z0004-2007 《特种设备制造、安装、改造、维修质量保证体系基本要求》附件特种设备制造、安装、改造、维修质量保证体系基本要素
10 无损检测控制专用工艺的要求
提出了无损检测通用工艺和
3、新容规 TSG R0004-2009《固定式压力容器安全技术监察规程》 4.5.2 无损检测方法（1）压力容器的无损检测方法包括射线、超声、磁粉、渗透和涡流检测等；（2）压力容器制造单位或者无损检测机构应当根据设计图样要求和JB/T 4730的规定制定压力容器的无损检测工艺；（3）采用未列入JB/T 4730或者超出其适用范围的无损检测方法时，按照本规程1.9的规定。
磁化操作附加说明： 1 因为L/D=310/48=6.46,所以应考虑退磁场的影响。 2 剩磁法交流磁化时，应配备断电相控制器。 3施加磁悬液之前,任何强磁性物体不得接触被检工件表面
案例2
焊缝磁粉检测
如图所示，一在制换热器管箱，材料牌号为Q235B，要求100%检测设备法兰与管箱封头焊缝的不连续性缺陷。该工件按JB4730-2005标准Ⅰ级验收，采用中等灵敏度标准试片测试综合性能。请选择最佳工艺参数填写该工件磁粉探伤工艺卡，并回答以下问题
M48×310 外表面清除工件表面影响磁痕显示的物质用场强计测量工件表面切线磁场强度≥14.4KA/m 线圈法 0.25s～1s 磁悬液应在通电结束后再施加照相法 1级
不允许缺陷
磁化方法示意草图：
1 不允许任何裂纹和白点；不允许任何横向显示；不允许线性缺陷磁痕。 2圆形缺陷d大于2.0，或评定框内大于1个。
讨论： 1、线圈磁化，交流电还是直流电？ 2、剩磁法，磁化规范如何确定和验证？ 3、螺栓齿根部位检测，磁悬液浓度

美国无损检测

ASTM A20/A20M-99a 一般要求的压力容器钢板规范(A-1,UT,MT)ASTM A21-94 铁路用热处理与非热处理碳钢轮轴规范(A-1,UT) ASTM A25-89 电力铁道用锻造钢车轮规范(A-1,UT,MT)1993年撤销ASTM A27/A27M-95 一般用途碳素钢铸件规范(A-1,RT,MT)ASTM A105/A105M-98 用于管道零件的碳钢锻件规范(A-1,MT,PT)ASTM A125-96 经热处理的钢螺旋弹簧规范(A-1,MT)ASTM A135-97a 电阻焊钢管规范(A-1,UT,ET)ASTMA148/A148M-93b(1998)构件用高强度钢铸件规范(A-1,RT,MT)ASTM A178/A178M-95 电阻焊碳钢和碳锰钢锅炉管和过热器管规范ASTMA182/A182M-98a 高温使用的锻造或轧制合金钢管道法兰盘、锻造接头及阀门和部件规范(A-1,MT,PT)ASTM A217/A217M-99 高温马氏体不锈钢和合金钢承压铸件规范(A-1,PT,MT) ASTM A266/A266M-96 压力容器部件用碳钢锻件规范ASTM A288-91 涡轮发电机磁性扣环碳钢和合金钢锻件标准规范(A-1,UT,MT) ASTM A289-88(93) 发电机非磁性扣环合金钢锻件标准规范(A-1,UT,PT)ASTM A290-95 减速器齿轮环的碳钢和合金钢锻件规范(A-1,UT,MT)ASTM A291-95 减速器齿轮传动装置游星齿轮和齿轮用的碳钢和合金钢锻件规范(A-1,UT)ASTM A350/A350M-99 需作切口韧性试验的管道部件碳钢和低合金钢锻件规范(A-1,MT,PT)ASTMA352/A352M-93(1998)适用于低温承压铁素体和马氏体钢铸件规范（A1,MT,RT）ASTM A356/A356M-98 汽轮机的厚壁碳素钢和低合金钢铸件规范(A-1,RT,MT) ASTM A358/A358M-98 高温用电熔焊奥氏体铬镍合金钢管规范(A-1,RT)ASTM A366/A366M-97 商业级质量的冷轧碳钢规范(A-1,PT)ASTM A369/A369M-92 高温用碳钢和铁素体合金钢锻造及穿孔管规范(A-1,UT) ASTM A372/A372M-99 薄壁压力容器用碳钢及合金钢锻件规范(A-1,UT,MT) ASTM A376 高温无缝奥氏体钢管技术条件ASTM A381-96 高压传输系统用金属弧焊钢管规范(A-1,RT)ASTM A403/A403M-99 锻制奥氏体不锈钢管接头规范(A-1,PT)ASTMA409/A409M-95a腐蚀或高温用大直径焊接奥氏体钢管规范(A-1,RT) ASTM 低温用锻制碳素钢和合金钢管接头规范(A-1,RT,MT,PT)A420/A420M-96aASTM A426-92 高温用离心铸造铁素体合金钢管规范(A-1,RT,UT,PT,MT)ASTMA450/A450M-96a 一般要求的碳钢、铁素体合金钢和奥氏体合金钢管规范(A-1,UT,ET)ASTM A451-93(1997) 高温用离心铸造奥氏体钢管规范(A-1,RT,PT)ASTM A452-88 高温用离心铸造奥氏体钢冷变形管规范(A-1,UT)1995年撤销ASTM A469-94a 发电机转子用真空处理钢锻件规范(A-1,UT,MT)ASTM A470-98 涡轮机转子和主轴用真空处理的碳钢和合金钢锻件规范(A-1,UT,MT)ASTM A471-94 涡轮机转子圆盘和叶轮用的真空处理合金钢锻件规范(A-1,UT,MT)ASTM A490-97 经热处理的150KSi(1035MPa) 抗拉强度钢结构螺栓规范(F-16,MT)ASTM A508/A508M-95 压力容器用淬火及回火真空处理的碳钢和合金钢锻件规范(A-1,UT,MT)ASTM A513-98 电阻焊机加工的碳钢和合金钢管规范(A-1,UT,ET)ASTMA514/A514M-94a可焊的高屈服强度、淬火及回火的合金钢板材规范(A-1,MT) ASTM A521-96 一般工业用钢制封闭模锻件规范(A-1,RT,UT,MT)ASTMA522/A522M-95b 低温用含8%和9%镍合金钢锻造或轧制法兰盘、接头、阀门和部件规范(A-1,UT,PT)ASTM A530-87 一般要求的特殊碳钢和合金钢管技术条件ASTM A535-85(92) 特殊质量的滚珠和滚柱轴承钢规范(A-1,MT)1998年撤销ASTM A540/A540M-98 特殊用途的合金钢螺栓材料规范(A-1,UT,MT)ASTM A541/A541M-95 压力容器零件用淬火和回火碳钢及合金钢锻件规范(A-1,UT,MT)ASTM A556/A556M-96 无缝冷拉碳钢给水加热器管的标准规范(A-1,UT,ET)ASTMA557/A557M-90A 电阻焊碳钢给水加热器管的标准规范(A-1,UT,ET)1995年撤销由A178取代ASTM A579-92(1996) 超高强度合金钢锻件规范(A-1,UT,MT,PT)ASTM A583-93(1999) 铁路铸钢车轮规范(A-1,UT,MT,PT)ASTM A587-96 化工用电焊低碳钢管规范(A-1,UT,ET)ASTM A600-92a(1999) 高速工具钢规范(A-1,UT)ASTM A608-91a(1998) 高温承压离心铸造铁-铬-镍高合金管规范(A-1,RT,PT) ASTM A632-98 公用设施用无缝和焊接奥氏体不锈钢小径管规范(A-1,PT) ASTM A646-95 航空航天锻件用优质合金钢大钢坯及钢坯规范(A-1,UT,MT)ASTMA649/A649M-98a波纹纸板加工机用锻钢轧辊规范(A-1,MT)ASTM A660-96 高温用离心铸造碳钢管规范(A-1,RT,UT,MT)ASTM A668-96 一般工业用碳钢及合金钢锻件规范(A-1,UT,MT)ASTM A671-96 低于等于大气温度下用电熔焊钢管规范(A-1,UT,MT,PT) ASTM A672-96 中温高压用电熔焊钢管规范(A-1,UT,MT,PT)ASTM A681-94 合金工具钢规范(A-1,UT)ASTM A686-92 碳素工具钢规范(A-1,UT)ASTM A688/A688M-98 奥氏体不锈钢给水加热器焊接管规范(A-1,ET)ASTM A691-98 高温高压用电熔焊碳钢及合金钢管规范(A-1,RT,UT,MT,PT) ASTM A703/A703M-99 普通承压钢铸件规范(A-1,RT,UT,MT,PT)ASTM A707/A707M-98 低温用碳钢及合金钢锻造法兰盘规范(A-1,MT,PT)ASTM A709-93A 桥梁结构钢规范(A-1,UT)ASTM A711-92(1996) 锻造用碳钢和合金钢大钢坯、钢坯及扁钢坯规范(A-1,UT,MT) ASTM A723/A723M-94 高强度承压件用合金钢锻件规范(A-1,UT,MT)ASTM A727/A727M-97 有固有切口韧性要求的碳钢管锻件规范(A-1,MT,PT)ASTM A729-93 公交及电力铁路系统用热处理合金钢车轴规范(A-1,UT)ASTM A732/A732M-98 普通碳钢和低合金钢熔模铸件及高温高强钴合金熔模铸件规范(A-1,RT,MT,PT)ASTM A743/A743M-93 普通铁-铬、铁-铬-镍和镍基抗蚀铸件规范(A-1,RT,MT,PT)ASTMA744/A744M-98a恶劣条件下使用的铁-铬-镍及镍基抗蚀铸件规范(A-1,RT,PT) ASTM A747/A747M-99 沉淀硬化不锈钢铸件规范(A-1,RT,MT,PT)ASTMA757/A757M-90(1996) 承压与其他低温应用的铁素体和马氏体钢铸件规范(A-1,MT,PT)ASTM A758/A758M-98 改善切口韧性的变形碳钢管接头对接焊规范(A-1,MT,PT)ASTMA765/A765M-98a 有强制性韧性要求的碳钢和低合金钢压力容器部件锻件规范(A-1,UT,MT,PT)ASTM A768-95 涡轮机转子和轴用真空处理12% 铬合金钢锻件规范(A-1,UT,MT)ASTMA802/A802M-95(1996)钢铸件表面目视检验实施方法(A-1)ASTM A880-95 对进行钢、不锈钢和相关合金检验的试验室和机构进行评价的准则ASTM A903/A903M-91 磁粉和液体渗透检验时钢铸件表面验收规范(A-1)ASTM A990-98 工作在腐蚀条件下特殊控制的铁-铬-镍合金铸造承压件规范ASTM B26-99 铝合金砂型铸件规范(B-7,RT,PT)ASTM B42-98 标准尺寸无缝铜管规范(B-5,ET,LT)ASTM B43-98 标准尺寸无缝红铜管规范(B-5,ET,LT)ASTM B75-99 无缝铜管规范(B-5,ET,LT)ASTM B80-97 镁合金砂型铸件规范(B-7,RT,PT)ASTM B88-99 无缝铜水管规范(B-5,ET,LT)ASTM B108-99 铝合金硬模铸件规范(B-7,RT,PT)ASTM B111-98 铜和铜合金无缝冷凝器管和水管口密套材料规范(B-5,ET,LT) ASTM B137-89 铝表面上的阳极钝化层重量的标准测试方法(B-8)ASTM B161-93 镍无缝管和管材规范(B-2,LT)ASTM B163-98a 无缝镍和镍合金冷凝器管和热交换器管规范(B-2,LT) ASTM B165-93 镍-铜合金(UNS N04400)无缝管和管材规范(B-2,LT)ASTM B234/B234M-95 冷凝器和热交换器用铝合金冷拉无缝管规范(B-7,LT) ASTM B302-98 无螺纹铜管规范(B-5,LT)ASTM B306-99 铜排水管(DWV) 规范(B-5,ET,LT)ASTM B315-99 铜合金无缝管及管材规范(B-5,ET,LT)ASTM B338-99 冷凝器和热交换器用无缝和焊接钛及钛合金管规范(B-10,UT,LT)ASTM B350/B350M-96 核应用锆和锆合金锭规范(B-10,UT)ASTM B353-95 核应用变形锆和锆合金无缝及焊接管规范(B-10,UT)ASTM B359-98 带整体散热片的铜和铜合金无缝冷凝器管和热交换器管规范(B-5,ET,LT)ASTM B363-99a 无缝和焊接非合金钛接头和钛合金接头规范(B-10,RT,LT) ASTM B394-96 铌和铌合金无缝和焊接管规范(B-10,LT)ASTM B423-99 镍-铁-铬-钼-铜合金(UNS N08825)无缝管和管材规范(B-2,LT) ASTM B444-94 镍-铬-钼-铌合金(UNS N06625)无缝管和管材规范(B-2,LT)ASTM B445-87 镍-铬-铁-铌-钼-钨合金(UNS N06102)无缝管和管材规范(B-2,LT)1995年撤销ASTM B462-97 耐高温腐蚀的UNS N08020,UNS N08024,UNS N08026和UNS N08367合金管法兰盘,锻造接头和阀门及零件规范(B-2,LT)ASTM B464-99 UNS N08020,UNS N08026和UNS N08024合金焊接管规范(B-2,LT)ASTM B466/B466M-98 铜-镍无缝管和管材规范(B-5,ET,LT) ASTM B467-88(1997) 铜-镍焊接管规范(B-5,RT,ET,LT)ASTM B468-99 UNS N08020,UNS N08026和UNS N08024合金焊接管规范(B-2,UT,ET,LT)ASTM B469-94 承压的铜合金无缝管规范(B-5,LT)ASTM B474-99 UNS N08020,UNS N08024和UNS N08026镍合金电熔焊管规范(B-2,RT,LT)ASTM B491-95 一般用途铝和铝合金挤压圆管规范(B-5,LT)ASTM B495-90(1995) 锆及锆合金锭规范(B-10,UT)ASTM B509-83 对核用镍合金板的补充要求1990年撤销ASTM B510-83 核用镍合金棒和条的补充要求规范1990年撤销ASTM B513-85 核用镍合金无缝管附加要求技术条件1990年撤销ASTM B514-95 镍-铁-铬合金焊接管规范(B-2,UT,ET,LT)ASTM B515-95 镍-铁-铬合金(UNS N08800)焊接管规范(B-2,UT,ET,LT) ASTM B516-98 镍-铬-铁合金(UNS N06600)焊接管规范(B-2,UT,ET,LT) ASTM B517-98 镍-铬-铁合金(UNS N06600)焊接管道管规范(B-2,UT,ET,LT) ASTM B521-98 钽和钽合金无缝和焊接管规范(B-10,LT)ASTM B523-97 冷凝器和热交换器用无缝和焊接锆及锆合金管规范(B-10,LT) ASTM B543-96 铜和铜合金热交换器焊接管规范(B-5,ET,LT)ASTM B546-98 镍-铁-铬-硅合金(UNS N08330)电熔焊管规范(B-2,RT,LT) ASTM B547-95 铝合金成形和弧焊圆管规范(B-7,RT)ASTM B554 非金属基体上金属涂层厚度的测量方法1987年撤销由B659取代ASTM B587-97 黄铜焊接管规范(B-5,ET,LT) ASTM B608-95 铜合金焊接管规范(B-5,LT)ASTM B640-93 用于空气调节和制冷设备的焊接铜管及焊接铜合金管规范(B-5,ET)ASTM B641-93 无缝和焊接铜分配管(D型)规范(B-5,ET)1996年撤销ASTM B 659-1990(1997) 金属和无机物涂层测厚Measuring Thickness of Metallic and Inorganic CoatingsASTM B 681-1988(1994) 用光切显微镜测量铝阳极化覆盖层厚度及不透明表面上其他透明覆盖层厚度的方法ASTM B 1149-87B 红外线热成象无损检测术语定义ASTM C 215-1997 混凝土试样横向、纵向和扭转基频的检测方法ASTM C 803-1997 检测硬化混凝土抗渗透性的方法ASTM C 805-1997 检测硬化混凝土回弹数的方法ASTM C 1040-93(2000) 用核方法系统检测未硬化和已硬化混凝土密度的方法ASTM C 1074-98 用老化法评估混凝土强度实施方法ASTM C 1133-96 用无源(被动)γ射线分段扫描法无损鉴定低密度特殊核材料废料方法ASTM C 1175-1999a 高级陶瓷无损检验方法与标准指南Guide to Test Methods and Standards for Nondestructive Testing of Advanced CeramicsASTM C 1221-92(1998) 用γ射线谱无损分析均匀溶液中特殊核材料的方法ASTM C 1279-94 退火、热强化和充分回火平板玻璃中边缘和表面应力的无损光弹测量法ASTM C 1316-95 用锎252慢化器通过无源活化中子计数，无损检定核废料方法ASTM C 1458-2000 用热量计无损检定钚、氚和镅241方法ASTM C1490-2001 无损化验人员的选择、培训和资格鉴定的标准指南Standard Guide for the Selection, Training and Qualification of Nondestructive Assay (NDA) PersonnelASTM D129-78 石油产品含硫量的标准试验方法ASTM D808-76 石油产品含氯量的标准试验方法ASTM D1005-95 用测微计测量有机复盖层干膜厚度(D-1)ASTM D1186-2001 铁基非磁性涂层干膜厚度无损测量的标准试验方法Standard Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to a Ferrous BaseASTM D1400-1994 非铁金属基表面非导电涂层干膜厚度的无损测量方法Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a Nonferrous Metal BaseASTM D2562-1994 增强热固塑料模制部件中目视缺陷的分类Classifying Visual Defects in Parts Molded from Reinforced Thermosetting PlasticsASTM D2563-94 玻璃增强塑料层压件目视缺陷分类标准实施方法(D-20)ASTM D3124-1998 用红外光谱法测定聚乙烯中乙烯叉不饱和性的试验方法Test Method for V inylidene Unsaturation in Polyethylene by Infrared SpectrophotometryASTM D3677-1990 用红外分光光度法鉴别橡胶的试验方法Test Methods for Rubber - Identification by Infrared SpectrophotometryASTM D3701-2001 低分辨核磁共振谱法测定航空涡轮机燃料中氢含量的试验方法Test Method for Hydrogen Content of A viation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry (05.02)ASTM D4385-1995 热固增强塑料产品目视缺陷分类Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Thermosetting Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products (94-3, Items 58, 100)(08.03)ASTM D4602-1993 使用循环负荷动态偏转设备的路面无损检测Nondestructive Testing of Pavements Using Cyclic-Loading Dynamic Deflection EquipmentASTM D4541-1995 用便携式粘合试验仪测定涂层脱落强度的试验方法Test Method for Pull-off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion TestersASTM D4748-1996 用短脉冲雷达测量粘合路面层厚度方法ASTM D4788-1988 利用红外温度记录法探测桥面分层的试验方法Test Method for Detecting Delaminations in Bridge Decks Using Infrared ThermographyASTM D4991-1994 用真空法进行空容器泄漏检测的试验方法Test Method for Leakage Testing of Empty Containers by V acuum MethodASTM D5477-1995 傅里叶转换红外光谱法(FTIR)识别聚合层或夹杂物的实施规程Practice for Identification of Polymer Layers or Inclusions by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) (08.03)ASTM D5845-1996 用红外光谱法测定汽油中MTBE、ETBE、TAME、DIPE、甲醇、乙醇和叔丁醇的试验方法Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, Methanol, Ethanol and Tert-Butanol in Gasoline by Infrarred SpectroscopyASTM D6667-2001 利用紫外荧光测定液化石油气和气态烃中总挥发硫的试验方法Test Method for Determination of Total V olatile Sulfur in Gaseous Hydrocarbons and Liquefied Petroleum Gases by Ultraviolet FluorescenceASTM E140-2002 金属硬度换算表Hardness Conversion Tables for MetalsASTM E168-1999 红外定量分析的通用技术General Techniques of Infrared Quantitative AnalysisASTM E215-86 测量残余应力用х射线衍射仪装置的确定方法ASTM E251-86 粘贴式电阻应变仪特性的检测方法ASTM E283 外部窗户防护墙、门的空气泄漏检测方法ASTM E425-85 泄漏试验名词定义ASTME427-1996(2000) 用卤素检漏器(碱离子二极管)检漏的实施方法Practice for Testing for Leaks Using the Halogen Leak Detector (Alkali-Ion Diode)ASTME432-1997(2004)检漏方法选用指南Guide for Selection of a Leak Testing Method ASTM E448-1982 金属材料的肖氏（回跳）硬度试验Scleroscope Hardness Testingof Metallic MaterialsASTM E453-79(1996) 燃料元件包复层检验及机械性能的测定ASTME479-1996(2000) 泄漏检测规范制定指南Guide for Preparation of a Leak Testing SpecificationASTM E493-1997 用质谱检漏仪以外漏方式检验的试验方法Test Methods for Leaks Using the Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector in the Inside-Out Testing ModeASTME498-1996(2000) 用质谱检漏仪或残余气体分析仪以示踪探头方式检漏的试验方法Test Methods for Leaks Using the Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector or Residual Gas Analyzer in the Tracer Probe ModeASTME499-1995(2000) 用质谱检漏仪以探头方式检漏的试验方法Test Methods for Leaks Using the Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector in the Detector Probe ModeASTM E515-95(2000) 应用发泡技术的泄漏检测Test for Leaks Using Bubble Emission TechniquesASTM E543-2004 评估无损检测机构的实施方法Practice for Evaluating Agenc ies that Perform Nondestructive TestingASTM E605-1993 建筑部件喷涂耐火材料(SFRM)厚度和密度的试验方法Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Sprayed Fire-Resistive Material (SFRM) Applied to Structural Members (04.11)ASTM E659-85 测量金属和无机涂层厚度的指导性标准ASTM E677 球形磨口接头检漏方法ASTM E741 用示踪物稀释法检测建筑物的空气泄漏ASTM E779 用鼓风机增压法检测建筑物的空气泄漏ASTM E783 外部窗门空气泄漏的现场检测ASTM E837-85 用孔式应变仪测量残余应力的方法ASTME908-1998(2004) 气体参考泄漏的校验Practice for Calibrating Gaseous Reference LeaksASTM E977-84(89) 导电材料热电分选实施方法Practice for Thermoelectric Sorting of Electrically Conductive MaterialsASTME998-1984(1999) 均匀静态承载影响下窗户、幕墙和门上玻璃结构性能的无损检测方法Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Nondestructive Method (04.11)ASTM E1002-94 用超声波检验漏道的试验方法ASTM 静水压检漏的试验方法Test Method for Hydrostatic LeakE1003-1996(2000) TestingASTM E1006-85 氨量热器检漏方法ASTM E1066-95(2000) 氨比色法检漏的试验方法Test Method for Ammonia Colorimetric Leak TestingASTM E1149-87 使用红外线热象仪无损检测的有关名词术语定义ASTM E1180-94(1998) 制作检验宏观组织硫印的实施方法ASTM E1212-2004 无损检测机构质量控制体系的建立和维护Establishment and Maintenance of Quality Control Systems for Nondestructive Testing AgenciesASTME1213-1997(2002) 热成象系统最小可分辨温差的试验方法Test Method for Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference for Thermal Imaging SystemsASTM E1224-94 用于试验室认可的能力分类指南ASTM E1252-1998 定性红外分析通用技术General Techniques for Qualitative Infrared AnalysisASTM E1256-95 辐射温度计（单波段型）检测方法ASTME1311-1989(2004) 热成象统最小可探测温差的试验方法Test Method for Minimum Detectable Temperature Difference for Thermal Imaging SystemsASTM E1316-2004 无损检验术语Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations ASTM E1351-96 制作和评定现场金相复型实施方法ASTM E1359-2002 评定无损检测机构能力的指南Surveying Nondestructive Testing AgenciesASTM E1476-2004 金属的识别,等级查验和分选指南ASTM E1543-2000 热成象系统噪声等效温差试验方法Test Method for Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal Imaging SystemsASTM E1578-78(1993) 试验室信息管理系统指南ASTM E1603-1999 用质谱检漏仪或残余气体分析仪以加罩方式测量泄漏的标准试验方法Standard Test Methods for Leakage Measurement Using the Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector or Residual Gas Analyzer in the Hood ModeASTM E1790-1996 近红外线定性分析的标准实用规程Standard Practice for Near Infrared Qualitative AnalysisASTME1862-1997(2002)e1 红外成象辐射仪测量和补偿反射温度的试验方法Test Methods for Measuring and Compensating for Reflected Temperature Using Infrared Imaging RadiometersASTME1897-1997(2002)e1 应用红外成象辐射仪测量和补偿衰减介质传输率的标准试验方法Standard Test Methods for Measuring and Compensating for Transmittance of an Attenuating Medium Using Infrared Imaging RadiometersASTM E1933-1999a 应用红外成象辐射仪测量和补偿发射率的试验方法Test Methods for Measuring and Compensating for Emissivity Using Infrared Imaging RadiometersASTM E1934-1999a 检查有红外温度记录的电子和机械设备的指南Guide for Examining Electrical and Mechanical Equipment with Infrared ThermographyASTM E1953-98 描述热分析装置注意事项ASTM E1970-98 热分析数据统计处理实施方法ASTM E2024-1999 应用热传导率检漏仪探测常压泄漏的试验方法Test Methods for Atmospheric Leaks Using a Thermal Conductivity Leak DetectorASTM E2191-2002 应用声发射检验充气的细丝缠绕复合压力容器的标准试验方法ASTM E2339-2004 无损检测中的数字图像与传输(DICONDE)方法Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation(DICONDE)ASTM F19-64(1995) 喷镀金属陶瓷密封垫的拉伸与真空试验规范(F-1) ASTM F78-97 用次级标准校正氦检漏仪的规范(F-1)ASTM F91-70(1996) 利用冷凝核探测器探测连接层流绝对清洁室及绝对清洁工作站滤器泄漏的实施方法(F-1)ASTM F98-77 用气泡试验确定电子元件密封性的方法ASTM F134-1985 用氦质谱仪检漏仪测定电子装置密封性的试验方法1996年撤销Test Methods for Determining Hermeticity of Electron Devices with a Helium Mass Spectrometer Leak DetectorASTM F319-91(1997) 航空航天透明加热元件中缺陷的偏振光探测实施方法ASTM F372-1999 用红外探测技术检查柔性隔栅材料水蒸气传递率的试验方法Test Method for Water V apor Transmission Rate of Flexible Barrier Materials Using an Infrared Detection TechniqueASTM F458-1984 金属丝粘接的无损拉力试验Nondestructive Pull Testing of Wire BondsASTM F467-98 一般用途非铁螺帽规范(F-16,PT)ASTM F468-98 一般用途非铁螺栓，内六角螺钉和双头螺栓规范(F-16,PT) ASTM F533-96 硅片厚度和厚度变化检测方法ASTM F541-97 合金钢眼螺栓规范(F-16,MT)ASTM F584-87(1999) 半导体引线结合目视检查实施方法ASTM F657-92(1999) 通过非接触扫查检查硅片上沉积物和总厚度变化的方法ASTM F730 用重量增加测定法确定电子器件的密封性ASTM F785 用放射性同位素检测确定封焊电子器件的密封性ASTM F816 电子器件(大规模集成电路)的精细/粗略检漏方法ASTM F928-93(1999) 检测圆形半导体片和刚性圆盘基底轮廓相符的方法ASTM F1048-87(1999) 通过总体散射测量光学元件有效表面粗糙度的方法ASTM F1152-93 检测硅片上切口尺寸的方法ASTM F1218-1989 医用刚性气管镜Bronchoscopes (Rigid)ASTM F1364-92(1997) 使用校准设备验证干涉激光成象无损轮胎检验系统的检验能力Use of a Calibration Device to Demonstrate the Inspection Capability of an Interferometric Laser Imaging Nondestructive Tire Inspection SystemASTM F1390-97 通过自动非接触扫描检测硅片上沉积物的方法ASTM F1405-1993 测定直接热成像产品的动态热响应的测试方法Test Method for Determining the Dynamic Thermal Response of Direct Thermal Imaging Products - Atlantek MethodASTM F1451-92(1999) 通过自动非接触扫描检测硅片上孢子堆的方法ASTM F1469-1999 无损检测设备运行的重复性和再现性研究指导Conducting a Repeatability and Reproducibility Study on Test Equipment for Nondestructive TestingASTM F1530-94 通过自动非接触扫描检测硅片上平整度、厚度和厚度变化的方法ASTM F1623-1996 有关热成像制品的标准术语Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Imaging ProductsASTM F2073-2001 薄膜开关无损短路检验的标准试验方法Standard Test Method for Non-Destructive Short Circuit Testing of a Membrane SwitchASTM G12-83(1998) 钢制管道涂层厚度无损测量的试验方法Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Film Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on SteelASTM G46-94(1999) 检验和评定点状腐蚀的实施方法(G-1,ET,PT,RT,UT)。

无损检测专业英语对照表

外语英语英文专业词汇术语翻译：无损检测（non-destructive ）A.C magnetic saturation 交流磁饱和Absorbed dose 吸收剂量Absorbed dose rate 吸收剂量率Acceptanc limits 验收范围Acceptance level 验收水平Acceptance standard 验收标准Accumulation test 累积检测Acoustic emission count（emission count）声发射计数（发射计数）Acoustic emission transducer 声发射换能器（声发射传感器）Acoustic emission(AE) 声发射Acoustic holography 声全息术Acoustic impedance 声阻抗Acoustic impedance matching 声阻抗匹配Acoustic impedance method 声阻法Acoustic wave 声波Acoustical lens 声透镜Acoustic—ultrasonic 声-超声（AU）Activation 活化Activity 活度Adequate shielding 安全屏蔽Ampere turns 安匝数Amplitude 幅度Angle beam method 斜射法Angle of incidence 入射角Angle of reflection 反射角Angle of spread 指向角Angle of squint 偏向角Angle probe 斜探头Angstrom unit 埃(A)Area amplitude response curve 面积幅度曲线Area of interest 评定区Arliflcial disconlinuity 人工不连续性Artifact 假缺陷Artificial defect 人工缺陷Artificial discontinuity 标准人工缺陷A-scan A型扫描A-scope; A-scan A型显示Attenuation coefficient 衰减系数Attenuator 衰减器Audible leak indicator 音响泄漏指示器Automatic testing 自动检测Autoradiography 自射线照片Avaluation 评定Barium concrete 钡混凝土Barn 靶Base fog 片基灰雾Bath 槽液Bayard- Alpert ionization gage B- A型电离计Beam 声束Beam ratio 光束比Beam angle 束张角Beam axis 声束轴线Beam index 声束入射点Beam path location 声程定位Beam path; path length 声程Beam spread 声束扩散Betatron 电子感应加速器Bimetallic strip gage 双金属片计Bipolar field 双极磁场Black light filter 黑光滤波器Black light; ultraviolet radiation 黑光Blackbody 黑体Blackbody equivalent temperature 黑体等效温度Bleakney mass spectrometer 波利克尼质谱仪Bleedout 渗出Bottom echo 底面回波Bottom surface 底面Boundary echo(first) 边界一次回波Bremsstrahlung 轫致辐射Broad-beam condition 宽射束Brush application 刷涂B-scan presenfation B型扫描显示B-scope; B-scan B型显示C- scan C型扫描Calibration,instrument 设备校准Capillary action 毛细管作用Carrier fluid 载液Carry over of penetrate 渗透剂移转Cassette 暗合Cathode 阴极Central conductor 中心导体Central conductor method 中心导体法Characteristic curve 特性曲线Characteristic curve of film 胶片特性曲线Characteristic radiation 特征辐射Chemical fog 化学灰雾Cine-radiography 射线(活动)电影摄影术Cintact pads 接触垫Circumferential coils 圆环线圈Circumferential field 周向磁场Circumferential magnetization method 周向磁化法Clean 清理Clean- up 清除Clearing time 定透时间Coercive force 矫顽力Coherence 相干性Coherence length 相干长度（谐波列长度）Coi1，test 测试线圈Coil size 线圈大小Coil spacing 线圈间距Coil technique 线圈技术Coil method 线圈法Coilreference 线圈参考Coincidence discrimination 符合鉴别Cold-cathode ionization gage 冷阴极电离计Collimator 准直器Collimation 准直Collimator 准直器Combined colour comtrast and fluorescent penetrant 着色荧光渗透剂Compressed air drying 压缩空气干燥Compressional wave 压缩波Compton scatter 康普顿散射Continuous emission 连续发射Continuous linear array 连续线阵Continuous method 连续法Continuous spectrum 连续谱Continuous wave 连续波Contract stretch 对比度宽限Contrast 对比度Contrast agent 对比剂Contrast aid 反差剂Contrast sensitivity 对比灵敏度Control echo 监视回波Control echo 参考回波Couplant 耦合剂Coupling 耦合Coupling losses 耦合损失Cracking 裂解Creeping wave 爬波Critical angle 临界角Cross section 横截面Cross talk 串音Cross-drilled hole 横孔Crystal 晶片C-scope; C-scan C型显示Curie point 居里点Curie temperature 居里温度Curie(Ci) 居里Current flow method 通电法Current induction method 电流感应法Current magnetization method 电流磁化法Cut－off level 截止电平Dead zone 盲区Decay curve 衰变曲线Decibel(dB) 分贝Defect 缺陷Defect resolution 缺陷分辨力Defect detection sensitivity 缺陷检出灵敏度Defect resolution 缺陷分辨力Definition 清晰度Definition，image definition 清晰度，图像清晰度Demagnetization 退磁Demagnetization factor 退磁因子Demagnetizer 退磁装置Densitometer 黑度计Density 黑度（底片）Density comparison strip 黑度比较片Detecting medium 检验介质Detergent remover 洗净液Developer 显像剂Developer station 显像工位Developer，agueons 水性显象剂Developer，dry 干显象剂Developer，liquid film 液膜显象剂Developer，nonaqueous （sus- pendible）非水（可悬浮）显象剂Developing time 显像时间Development 显影Diffraction mottle 衍射斑Diffuse indications 松散指示Diffusion 扩散Digital image acquisition system 数字图像识别系统Dilatational wave 膨胀波Dip and drain station 浸渍和流滴工位Direct contact magnetization 直接接触磁化Direct exposure imaging 直接曝光成像Direct contact method 直接接触法Directivity 指向性Discontinuity 不连续性Distance- gain- size-German AVG 距离- 增益- 尺寸（DGS德文为AVG）Distance marker; time marker 距离刻度Dose equivalent 剂量当量Dose rate meter 剂量率计Dosemeter 剂量计Double crystal probe 双晶片探头Double probe technique 双探头法Double transceiver technique 双发双收法Double traverse technique 二次波法Dragout 带出Drain time 滴落时间Drain time 流滴时间Drift 漂移Dry method 干法Dry powder 干粉Dry technique 干粉技术Dry developer 干显像剂Dry developing cabinet 干显像柜Dry method 干粉法Drying oven 干燥箱Drying station 干燥工位Drying time 干燥时间D-scope; D-scan D型显示Dual search unit 双探头Dual-focus tube 双焦点管Duplex-wire image quality indicator 双线像质指示器Duration 持续时间Dwell time 停留时间Dye penetrant 着色渗透剂Dynamic leak test 动态泄漏检测Dynamic leakage measurement 动态泄漏测量Dynamic range 动态范围Dynamic radiography 动态射线透照术Echo 回波Echo frequency 回波频率Echo height 回波高度Echo indication 回波指示Echo transmittance of sound pressure 往复透过率Echo width 回波宽度Eddy current 涡流Eddy current flaw detector 涡流探伤仪Eddy current testiog 涡流检测Edge 端面Edge effect 边缘效应Edge echo 棱边回波Edge effect 边缘效应Effective depth penetration （EDP）有效穿透深度Effective focus size 有效焦点尺寸Effective magnetic permeability 有效磁导率Effective permeability 有效磁导率Effective reflection surface of flaw 缺陷有效反射面Effective resistance 有效电阻Elastic medium 弹性介质Electric displacement 电位移Electrical center 电中心Electrode 电极Electromagnet 电磁铁Electro-magnetic acoustic transducer 电磁声换能器Electromagnetic induction 电磁感应Electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射Electromagnetic testing 电磁检测Electro-mechanical coupling factor 机电耦合系数Electron radiography 电子辐射照相术Electron volt 电子伏恃Electronic noise 电子噪声Electrostatic spraying 静电喷涂Emulsification 乳化Emulsification time 乳化时间Emulsifier 乳化剂Encircling coils 环绕式线圈End effect 端部效应Energizing cycle 激励周期Equalizing filter 均衡滤波器Equivalent 当量Equivalent I．Q. I. Sensitivity 象质指示器当量灵敏度Equivalent nitrogen pressure 等效氮压Equivalent penetrameter sensifivty 透度计当量灵敏度Equivalent method 当量法Erasabl optical medium 可探光学介质Etching 浸蚀Evaluation 评定Evaluation threshold 评价阈值Event count 事件计数Event count rate 事件计数率Examination area 检测范围Examination region 检验区域Exhaust pressure/discharge pressure 排气压力Exhaust tubulation 排气管道Expanded time-base sweep 时基线展宽Exposure 曝光Exposure table 曝光表格Exposure chart 曝光曲线Exposure fog 曝光灰雾Exposure，radiographic exposure 曝光，射线照相曝光Extended source 扩展源Facility scattered neutrons 条件散射中子False indication 假指示Family 族Far field 远场Feed-through coil 穿过式线圈Field，resultant magnetic 复合磁场Fill factor 填充系数Film speed 胶片速度Film badge 胶片襟章剂量计Film base 片基Film contrast 胶片对比度Film gamma 胶片γ值Film processing 胶片冲洗加工Film speed 胶片感光度Film unsharpness 胶片不清晰度Film viewing screen 观察屏Filter 滤波器/滤光板Final test 复探Flat-bottomed hole 平底孔Flat-bottomed hole equivalent 平底孔当量Flaw 伤Flaw characterization 伤特性Flaw echo 缺陷回波Flexural wave 弯曲波Floating threshold 浮动阀值Fluorescence 荧光Fluorescent examination method 荧光检验法Fluorescent magnetic particle inspection 荧光磁粉检验Fluorescent dry deposit penetrant 干沉积荧光渗透剂Fluorescent light 荧光Fluorescent magnetic powder 荧光磁粉Fluorescent penetrant 荧光渗透剂Fluorescent screen 荧光屏Fluoroscopy 荧光检查法Flux leakage field 磁通泄漏场Flux lines 磁通线Focal spot 焦点Focal distance 焦距Focus length 焦点长度Focus size 焦点尺寸Focus width 焦点宽度Focus(electron) 电子焦点Focused beam 聚焦声束Focusing probe 聚焦探头Focus-to-film distance(f.f.d) 焦点-胶片距离（焦距）Fog 底片灰雾Fog density 灰雾密度Footcandle 英尺烛光Freguency 频率Frequency constant 频率常数Fringe 干涉带Front distance 前沿距离Front distance of flaw 缺陷前沿距离Full- wave direct current（FWDC）全波直流Fundamental frequency 基频Furring 毛状迹痕Gage pressure 表压Gain 增益Gamma radiography γ射线透照术Gamma ray source γ射线源Gamma ray source container γ射线源容器Gamma rays γ射线Gamma-ray radiographic equipment γ射线透照装置Gap scanning 间隙扫查Gas 气体Gate 闸门Gating technique 选通技术Gauss 高斯Geiger-Muller counter 盖革.弥勒计数器Geometric unsharpness 几何不清晰度Gray(Gy) 戈瑞Grazing incidence 掠入射Grazing angle 掠射角Group velocity 群速度Half life 半衰期Half- wave current （HW）半波电流Half-value layer(HVL) 半值层Half-value method 半波高度法Halogen 卤素Halogen leak detector 卤素检漏仪Hard X-rays 硬X射线Hard-faced probe 硬膜探头Harmonic analysis 谐波分析Harmonic distortion 谐波畸变Harmonics 谐频Head wave 头波Helium bombing 氦轰击法Helium drift 氦漂移Helium leak detector 氦检漏仪Hermetically tight seal 气密密封High vacuum 高真空High energy X-rays 高能X射线Holography (optical) 光全息照相Holography，acoustic 声全息Hydrophilic emulsifier 亲水性乳化剂Hydrophilic remover 亲水性洗净剂Hydrostatic text 流体静力检测Hysteresis 磁滞Hysteresis 磁滞IACS IACSID coil ID线圈Image definition 图像清晰度Image contrast 图像对比度Image enhancement 图像增强Image magnification 图像放大Image quality 图像质量Image quality indicator sensitivity 像质指示器灵敏度Image quality indicator(IQI)/image quality indication 像质指示器Imaging line scanner 图像线扫描器Immersion probe 液浸探头Immersion rinse 浸没清洗Immersion testing 液浸法Immersion time 浸没时间Impedance 阻抗Impedance plane diagram 阻抗平面图Imperfection 不完整性Impulse eddy current testing 脉冲涡流检测Incremental permeability 增量磁导率Indicated defect area 缺陷指示面积Indicated defect length 缺陷指示长度Indication 指示Indirect exposure 间接曝光Indirect magnetization 间接磁化Indirect magnetization method 间接磁化法Indirect scan 间接扫查Induced field 感应磁场Induced current method 感应电流法Infrared imaging system 红外成象系统Infrared sensing device 红外扫描器Inherent fluorescence 固有荧光Inherent filtration 固有滤波Initial permeability 起始磁导率Initial pulse 始脉冲Initial pulse width 始波宽度Inserted coil 插入式线圈Inside coil 内部线圈Inside- out testing 外泄检测Inspection 检查Inspection medium 检查介质Inspection frequency/ test frequency 检测频率Intensifying factor 增感系数Intensifying screen 增感屏Interal,arrival time （Δtij)/arrival time interval（Δtij）到达时间差(Δtij) Interface boundary 界面Interface echo 界面回波Interface trigger 界面触发Interference 干涉Interpretation 解释Ion pump 离子泵Ion source 离子源Ionization chamber 电离室Ionization potential 电离电位Ionization vacuum gage 电离真空计Ionography 电离射线透照术Irradiance，E 辐射通量密度，E Isolation 隔离检测Isotope 同位素K value K值Kaiser effect 凯塞(Kaiser)效应Kilo volt kv 千伏特Kiloelectron volt keV千电子伏特Krypton 85 氪85L／D ratio L/D比Lamb wave 兰姆波Latent image 潜象Lateral scan 左右扫查Lateral scan with oblique angle 斜平行扫查Latitude (of an emulsion) 胶片宽容度Lead screen 铅屏Leak 泄漏孔Leak artifact 泄漏器Leak detector 检漏仪Leak testtion 泄漏检测Leakage field 泄漏磁场Leakage rate 泄漏率Leechs 磁吸盘Lift-off effect 提离效应Light intensity 光强度Limiting resolution 极限分辨率Line scanner 线扫描器Line focus 线焦点Line pair pattern 线对检测图Line pairs per millimetre 每毫米线对数Linear (electron) accelerator(LINAC) 电子直线加速器Linear attenuation coefficient 线衰减系数Linear scan 线扫查Linearity （time or distance）线性（时间或距离）Linearity，anplitude 幅度线性Lines of force 磁力线Lipophilic emulsifier 亲油性乳化剂Lipophilic remover 亲油性洗净剂Liquid penetrant examination 液体渗透检验Liquid film developer 液膜显像剂Local magnetization 局部磁化Local magnetization method 局部磁化法Local scan 局部扫查Localizing cone 定域喇叭筒Location 定位Location accuracy 定位精度Location computed 定位，计算Location marker 定位标记Location upon delta-T 时差定位Location，clusfer 定位，群集Location，continuous AE signal 定位，连续AE信号Longitudinal field 纵向磁场Longitudinal magnetization method 纵向磁化法Longitudinal resolution 纵向分辨率Longitudinal wave 纵波Longitudinal wave probe 纵波探头Longitudinal wave technique 纵波法Loss of back reflection 背面反射损失Loss of back reflection 底面反射损失Love wave 乐甫波Low energy gamma radiation 低能γ辐射Low－enerugy photon radiation 低能光子辐射Luminance 亮度Luminosity 流明Lusec 流西克Maga or million electron volts MeV兆电子伏特Magnetic history 磁化史Magnetic hysteresis 磁性滞后Magnetic particle field indication 磁粉磁场指示器Magnetic particle inspection flaw indications 磁粉检验的伤显示Magnetic circuit 磁路Magnetic domain 磁畴Magnetic field distribution 磁场分布Magnetic field indicator 磁场指示器Magnetic field meter 磁场计Magnetic field strength 磁场强度(H)Magnetic field/field，magnetic 磁场Magnetic flux 磁通Magnetic flux density 磁通密度Magnetic force 磁化力Magnetic leakage field 漏磁场Magnetic leakage flux 漏磁通Magnetic moment 磁矩Magnetic particle 磁粉Magnetic particle indication 磁痕Magnetic particle testing/magnetic particle examination 磁粉检测Magnetic permeability 磁导率Magnetic permeability 磁导率Magnetic pole 磁极Magnetic saturataion 磁饱和Magnetic saturation 磁饱和Magnetic slorage meclium 磁储介质Magnetic writing 磁写Magnetizing 磁化Magnetizing current 磁化电流Magnetizing coil 磁化线圈Magnetostrictive effect 磁致伸缩效应Magnetostrictive transducer 磁致伸缩换能器Main beam 主声束Manual testing 手动检测Markers 时标MA-scope; MA-scan MA型显示Masking 遮蔽Mass attcnuation coefficient 质量吸收系数Mass number 质量数Mass spectrometer （M.S.）质谱仪Mass spectrometer leak detector 质谱检漏仪Mass spectrum 质谱Master/slave discrimination 主从鉴别MDTD 最小可测温度差Mean free path 平均自由程Medium vacuum 中真空Mega or million volt MV兆伏特Micro focus X - ray tube 微焦点X 光管Microfocus radiography 微焦点射线透照术Micrometre 微米Micron of mercury 微米汞柱Microtron 电子回旋加速器Milliampere 毫安（mA）Millimetre of mercury 毫米汞柱Minifocus x- ray tube 小焦点调射线管Minimum detectable leakage rate 最小可探泄漏率Minimum resolvable temperature difference （MRTD）最小可分辨温度差（MRDT）Mode 波型Mode conversion 波型转换Mode transformation 波型转换Moderator 慢化器Modulation transfer function （MTF）调制转换功能（MTF）Modulation analysis 调制分析Molecular flow 分子流Molecular leak 分子泄漏Monitor 监控器Monochromatic 单色波Movement unsharpness 移动不清晰度Moving beam radiography 可动射束射线透照术Multiaspect magnetization method 多向磁化法Multidirectional magnetization 多向磁化Multifrequency eddy current testiog 多频涡流检测Multiple back reflections 多次背面反射Multiple reflections 多次反射Multiple back reflections 多次底面反射Multiple echo method 多次反射法Multiple probe technique 多探头法Multiple triangular array 多三角形阵列Narrow beam condition 窄射束NC NCNear field 近场Near field length 近场长度Near surface defect 近表面缺陷Net density 净黑度Net density 净(光学)密度Neutron 中子Neutron radiograhy 中子射线透照Neutron radiography 中子射线透照术Newton （N）牛顿Nier mass spectrometer 尼尔质谱仪Noise 噪声Noise 噪声Noise equivalent temperature difference （NETD）噪声当量温度差（NETD）Nominal angle 标称角度Nominal frequency 标称频率Non-aqueous liquid developer 非水性液体显像剂Noncondensable gas 非冷凝气体Nondcstructivc Examination（NDE）无损试验Nondestructive Evaluation（NDE）无损评价Nondestructive Inspection（NDI）无损检验Nondestructive Testing（NDT）无损检测Nonerasble optical data 可固定光学数据Nonferromugnetic material 非铁磁性材料Nonrelevant indication 非相关指示Non-screen-type film 非增感型胶片Normal incidence 垂直入射（亦见直射声束）Normal permeability 标准磁导率Normal beam method; straight beam method 垂直法Normal probe 直探头Normalized reactance 归一化电抗Normalized resistance 归一化电阻Nuclear activity 核活性Nuclide 核素Object plane resolution 物体平面分辨率Object scattered neutrons 物体散射中子Object beam 物体光束Object beam angle 物体光束角Object-film distance 被检体-胶片距离Object一film distance 物体- 胶片距离Over development 显影过度Over emulsfication 过乳化Overall magnetization 整体磁化Overload recovery time 过载恢复时间Overwashing 过洗Oxidation fog 氧化灰雾P PPair production 偶生成Pair production 电子对产生Pair production 电子偶的产生Palladium barrier leak detector 钯屏检漏仪Panoramic exposure 全景曝光Parallel scan 平行扫查Paramagnetic material 顺磁性材料Parasitic echo 干扰回波Partial pressure 分压Particle content 磁悬液浓度Particle velocity 质点(振动)速度Pascal （Pa）帕斯卡（帕）Pascal cubic metres per second 帕立方米每秒（Pa•m3/s ）Path length 光程长Path length difference 光程长度差Pattern 探伤图形Peak current 峰值电流Penetrameter 透度计Penetrameter sensitivity 透度计灵敏度Penetrant 渗透剂Penetrant comparator 渗透对比试块Penetrant flaw detection 渗透探伤Penetrant removal 渗透剂去除Penetrant station 渗透工位Penetrant，water- washable 水洗型渗透剂Penetration 穿透深度Penetration time 渗透时间Permanent magnet 永久磁铁Permeability coefficient 透气系数Permeability，a-c 交流磁导率Permeability，d－c 直流磁导率Phantom echo 幻象回波Phase analysis 相位分析Phase angle 相位角Phase controlled circuit breaker 断电相位控制器Phase detection 相位检测Phase hologram 相位全息Phase sensitive detector 相敏检波器Phase shift 相位移Phase velocity 相速度Phase-sensitive system 相敏系统Phillips ionization gage 菲利浦电离计Phosphor 荧光物质Photo fluorography 荧光照相术Photoelectric absorption 光电吸收Photographic emulsion 照相乳剂Photographic fog 照相灰雾Photostimulable luminescence 光敏发光Piezoelectric effect 压电效应Piezoelectric material 压电材料Piezoelectric stiffness constant 压电劲度常数Piezoelectric stress constant 压电应力常数Piezoelectric transducer 压电换能器Piezoelectric voltage constant 压电电压常数Pirani gage 皮拉尼计Pirani gage 皮拉尼计Pitch and catch technique 一发一收法Pixel 象素Pixel size 象素尺寸Pixel，disply size 象素显示尺寸Planar array 平面阵(列)Plane wave 平面波Plate wave 板波Plate wave technique 板波法Point source 点源Post emulsification 后乳化Post emulsifiable penetrant 后乳化渗透剂Post-cleaning 后清除Post-cleaning 后清洗Powder 粉未Powder blower 喷粉器Powder blower 磁粉喷枪Pre-cleaning 预清理Pressure difference 压力差Pressure dye test 压力着色检测Pressure probe 压力探头Pressure testing 压力检测Pressure- evacuation test 压力抽空检测Pressure mark 压痕Pressure,design 设计压力Pre-test 初探Primary coil 一次线圈Primary radiation 初级辐射Probe gas 探头气体Probe test 探头检测Probe backing 探头背衬Probe coil 点式线圈Probe coil 探头式线圈Probe coil clearance 探头线圈间隙Probe index 探头入射点Probe to weld distance 探头-焊缝距离Probe/ search unit 探头Process control radiograph 工艺过程控制的射线照相Processing capacity 处理能力Processing speed 处理速度Prods 触头Projective radiography 投影射线透照术Proportioning probe 比例探头Protective material 防护材料Proton radiography 质子射线透照Pulse 脉冲波Pulse 脉冲Pulse echo method 脉冲回波法Pulse repetition rate 脉冲重复率Pulse amplitude 脉冲幅度Pulse echo method 脉冲反射法Pulse energy 脉冲能量Pulse envelope 脉冲包络Pulse length 脉冲长度Pulse repetition frequency 脉冲重复频率Pulse tuning 脉冲调谐Pump- out tubulation 抽气管道Pump-down time 抽气时间Q factor Q值Quadruple traverse technique 四次波法Quality (of a beam of radiation) 射线束的质Quality factor 品质因数Quenching 阻塞Quenching of fluorescence 荧光的猝灭Quick break 快速断间Rad(rad) 拉德Radiance，L 面辐射率，LRadiant existence，M 幅射照度MRadiant flux；radiant power，ψe辐射通量、辐射功率、ψe Radiation 辐射Radiation does 辐射剂量Radio frequency （r- f）display 射频显示Radio- frequency mass spectrometer 射频质谱仪Radio frequency(r-f) display 射频显示Radiograph 射线底片Radiographic contrast 射线照片对比度Radiographic equivalence factor 射线照相等效系数Radiographic exposure 射线照相曝光量Radiographic inspection 射线检测Radiographic inspection 射线照相检验Radiographic quality 射线照相质量Radiographic sensitivity 射线照相灵敏度Radiographic contrast 射线底片对比度Radiographic equivalence factor 射线透照等效因子Radiographic inspection 射线透照检查Radiographic quality 射线透照质量Radiographic sensitivity 射线透照灵敏度Radiography 射线照相术Radiological examination 射线检验Radiology 射线学Radiometer 辐射计Radiometry 辐射测量术Radioscopy 射线检查法Range 量程Rayleigh wave 瑞利波Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射Real image 实时图像Real-time radioscopy 实时射线检查法Rearm delay time 重新准备延时时间Rearm delay time 重新进入工作状态延迟时间Reciprocity failure 倒易律失效Reciprocity law 倒易律Recording medium 记录介质Recovery time 恢复时间Rectified alternating current 脉动直流电Reference block 参考试块Reference beam 参考光束Reference block 对比试块Reference block method 对比试块法Reference coil 参考线圈Reference line method 基准线法Reference standard 参考标准Reflection 反射Reflection coefficient 反射系数Reflection density 反射密度Reflector 反射体Refraction 折射Refractive index 折射率Refrence beam angle 参考光束角Reicnlbation 网纹Reject; suppression 抑制Rejection level 拒收水平Relative permeability 相对磁导率Relevant indication 相关指示Reluctance 磁阻Rem(rem) 雷姆Remote controlled testing 机械化检测Replenisers 补充剂Representative quality indicator 代表性质量指示器Residual magnetic field/field，residual magnetic 剩磁场Residual technique 剩磁技术Residual magnetic method 剩磁法Residual magnetism 剩磁Resistance （to flow）气阻Resolution 分辨力Resonance method 共振法Response factor 响应系数Response time 响应时间Resultant field 复合磁场Resultant magnetic field 合成磁场Resultant magnetization method 组合磁化法Retentivity 顽磁性Reversal 反转现象Ring-down count 振铃计数Ring-down count rate 振铃计数率Rinse 清洗Rise time 上升时间Rise-time discrimination 上升时间鉴别Rod-anode tube 棒阳极管Roentgen(R) 伦琴Roof angle 屋顶角Rotational magnetic field 旋转磁场Rotational magnetic field method 旋转磁场法Rotational scan 转动扫查Roughing 低真空Roughing line 低真空管道Roughing pump 低真空泵S SSafelight 安全灯Sampling probe 取样探头Saturation 饱和Saturation，magnetic 磁饱和Saturation level 饱和电平Scan on grid lines 格子线扫查Scan pitch 扫查间距Scanning 扫查Scanning index 扫查标记Scanning directly on the weld 焊缝上扫查Scanning path 扫查轨迹Scanning sensitivity 扫查灵敏度Scanning speed 扫查速度Scanning zone 扫查区域Scattared energy 散射能量Scatter unsharpness 散射不清晰度Scattered neutrons 散射中子Scattered radiation 散射辐射Scattering 散射Schlieren system 施利伦系统Scintillation counter 闪烁计数器Scintillator and scintillating crystals 闪烁器和闪烁晶体Screen 屏Screen unsharpness 荧光增感屏不清晰度Screen-type film 荧光增感型胶片SE probe SE探头Search-gas 探测气体Second critical angle 第二临界角Secondary radiation 二次射线Secondary coil 二次线圈Secondary radiation 次级辐射Selectivity 选择性Semi-conductor detector 半导体探测器Sensitirity va1ue 灵敏度值Sensitivity 灵敏度Sensitivity of leak test 泄漏检测灵敏度Sensitivity control 灵敏度控制Shear wave 切变波Shear wave probe 横波探头Shear wave technique 横波法Shim 薄垫片Shot 冲击通电Side lobe 副瓣Side wall 侧面Sievert(Sv) 希(沃特)Signal 信号Signal gradient 信号梯度Signal over load point 信号过载点Signal overload level 信号过载电平Signal to noise ratio 信噪比Single crystal probe 单晶片探头Single probe technique 单探头法Single traverse technique 一次波法Sizing technique 定量法Skin depth 集肤深度Skin effect 集肤效应Skip distance 跨距Skip point 跨距点Sky shine(air scatter) 空中散射效应Sniffing probe 嗅吸探头Soft X-rays 软X射线Soft-faced probe 软膜探头Solarization 负感作用Solenoid 螺线管Soluble developer 可溶显像剂Solvent remover 溶剂去除剂Solvent cleaners 溶剂清除剂Solvent developer 溶剂显像剂Solvent remover 溶剂洗净剂Solvent-removal penetrant 溶剂去除型渗透剂Sorption 吸着Sound diffraction 声绕射Sound insulating layer 隔声层Sound intensity 声强Sound intensity level 声强级Sound pressure 声压Sound scattering 声散射Sound transparent layer 透声层Sound velocity 声速Source 源Source data label 放射源数据标签Source location 源定位Source size 源尺寸Source-film distance 射线源-胶片距离Spacial frequency 空间频率Spark coil leak detector 电火花线圈检漏仪Specific activity 放射性比度Specified sensitivity 规定灵敏度Standard 标准Standard 标准试样Standard leak rate 标准泄漏率Standard leak 标准泄漏孔Standard tast block 标准试块Standardization instrument 设备标准化Standing wave; stationary wave 驻波Step wedge 阶梯楔块Step- wadge calibration film 阶梯楔块校准底片Step- wadge comparison film 阶梯楔块比较底片Step wedge 阶梯楔块Step-wedge calibration film 阶梯-楔块校准片Step-wedge comparison film 阶梯-楔块比较片Stereo-radiography 立体射线透照术Subject contrast 被检体对比度Subsurface discontinuity 近表面不连续性Suppression 抑制Surface echo 表面回波Surface field 表面磁场Surface noise 表面噪声Surface wave 表面波Surface wave probe 表面波探头Surface wave technique 表面波法Surge magnetization 脉动磁化Surplus sensitivity 灵敏度余量Suspension 磁悬液Sweep 扫描Sweep range 扫描范围Sweep speed 扫描速度Swept gain 扫描增益Swivel scan 环绕扫查System exanlillatien threshold 系统检验阈值System inclacel artifacts 系统感生物System noise 系统噪声Tackground，target 目标本底Tandem scan 串列扫查Target 耙Target 靶Television fluoroscopy 电视X射线荧光检查Temperature envelope 温度范围Tenth-value-layer(TVL) 十分之一值层Test coil 检测线圈Test quality level 检测质量水平Test ring 试环Test block 试块Test frequency 试验频率Test piece 试片Test range 探测范围Test surface 探测面Testing，ulrasonic 超声检测Thermal neutrons 热中子Thermocouple gage 热电偶计Thermogram 热谱图Thermography，infrared 红外热成象Thermoluminescent dosemeter(TLD) 热释光剂量计Thickness sensitivity 厚度灵敏度Third critiical angle 第三临界角Thixotropic penetrant 摇溶渗透剂Thormal resolution 热分辨率Threading bar 穿棒Three way sort 三档分选Threshold setting 门限设置Threshold fog 阈值灰雾Threshold level 阀值Threshotd tcnet 门限电平Throttling 节流Through transmission technique 穿透技术Through penetration technique 贯穿渗透法Through transmission technique; transmission technique 穿透法Through-coil technique 穿过式线圈技术Throughput 通气量Tight 密封Total reflection 全反射Totel image unsharpness 总的图像不清晰度Tracer probe leak location 示踪探头泄漏定位Tracer gas 示踪气体Transducer 换能器/传感器Transition flow 过渡流Translucent base media 半透明载体介质Transmission 透射Transmission densitomefer 发射密度计Transmission coefficient 透射系数Transmission point 透射点Transmission technique 透射技术Transmittance，τ透射率τTransmitted film density 检测底片黑度Transmitted pulse 发射脉冲Transverse resolution 横向分辨率Transverse wave 横波Traveling echo 游动回波Travering scan; depth scan 前后扫查Triangular array 正三角形阵列Trigger/alarm condition 触发/报警状态Trigger/alarm level 触发/报警标准Triple traverse technique 三次波法True continuous technique 准确连续法技术Trueattenuation 真实衰减Tube current 管电流Tube head 管头Tube shield 管罩Tube shutter 管子光闸Tube window 管窗Tube-shift radiography 管子移位射线透照术Two-way sort 两档分选Ultra- high vacuum 超高真空Ultrasonic leak detector 超声波检漏仪Ultrasonic noise level 超声噪声电平Ultrasonic cleaning 超声波清洗Ultrasonic field 超声场Ultrasonic flaw detection 超声探伤Ultrasonic flaw detector 超声探伤仪Ultrasonic microscope 超声显微镜Ultrasonic spectroscopy 超声频谱Ultrasonic testing system 超声检测系统Ultrasonic thickness gauge 超声测厚仪Ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射Under development 显影不足Unsharpness 不清晰Useful density range 有效光学密度范围UV-A A类紫外辐射UV-A filter A类紫外辐射滤片Vacuum 真空Vacuum cassette 真空暗盒Vacuum testing 真空检测Vacuum cassette 真空暗合Van de Graaff generator 范德格喇夫起电机Vapor pressure 蒸汽压Vapour degreasing 蒸汽除油Variable angle probe 可变角探头Vee path V型行程Vehicle 载体Vertical linearity 垂直线性Vertical location 垂直定位Visible light 可见光Vitua limage 虚假图像Voltage threshold 电压阈值Voltage threshold 阈值电压Wash station 水洗工位Water break test 水膜破坏试验Water column coupling method 水柱耦合法Water column probe 水柱耦合探头Water path; water distance 水程Water tolerance 水容限Water-washable penetrant 可水洗型渗透剂Wave 波Wave guide acoustic emission 声发射波导杆Wave train 波列Wave from 波形Wave front 波前Wave length 波长Wave node 波节Wave train 波列Wedge 斜楔Wet slurry technique 湿软磁膏技术Wet technique 湿法技术Wet method 湿粉法Wetting action 润湿作用Wetting action 润湿作用Wetting agents 润湿剂Wheel type probe; wheel search unit 轮式探头White light 白光White X-rays 连续X射线Wobble 摆动Wobble effect 抖动效应Working sensitivity 探伤灵敏度Wrap around 残响波干扰Xeroradiography 静电射线透照术X-radiation X射线X-ray controller X射线控制器X-ray detection apparatus X射线探伤装置X-ray film 射线胶片X-ray paper X射线感光纸X-ray tube X射线管X-ray tube diaphragm X射线管光阑Yoke 磁轭Yoke magnetization method 磁轭磁化法Zigzag scan 锯齿扫查。

美国无损检测学会(americansocietyfornondestructive质量监督

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行业相关主要国际组织
• 国际标准化组织（，）成员包括个会员国，是国际标准化领域中一个十分重要的组织。的宗旨是在世界上促进标准化及其相关活动的发展，以便于商品和服务的国际交换，在智力、科学、技术和经济领域开展合作。中国是的正式成员，代表中国参加的国家机构是中国国家技术监督局。
• 国际标准化组织下辖有无损检测技术委员会。
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.国际主要无损检测标准体系
欧洲标准
标准由欧洲标准化委员会( ) 制定, 标委会由德、英、法、意等个成员国组成。自上世纪年代中期起, 一系列标准相继问世, 包括、、、、、、 (声发射) 种方法。标准方法要目示例见后表。
标准内容覆盖面大,实用性强, 且标准之间有连锁性, 互补互动配套。常规技术中的诸多难点, 如板—板、管—板、管—管角焊缝的、、方法及缺陷评定中的凹、凸曲面探伤, 奥氏体焊缝检测, 中的焦点和小焦点测定; 新技术、新工艺中的一些亮点,如射线实时成像, 数字射线照相, 超声检测和定量等, 均有内容翔实、图文并茂的标准指导操作。
.国际主要无损检测标准体系
欧洲无损检测标准要目示例
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.国际主要无损检测标准体系
欧洲无损检测标准要目示例
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.国际主要无损检测标准体系
欧洲标准
我国新版已等效采用了焊缝射线照相检验, 而新版承压设备无损检测方法部分, 也基本上采用了该欧标所规定的一系列重要参数要求(如射线照相技术等级,胶片系统分类, 底片黑度, 灵敏度, 透照距离, 透照厚度比值, 及小径管透照技术等)。可见标准的系统性、实用性、连锁性和成套性, 值得借鉴。
• 随着国家一带一路大战略的展开，包括电力装备在内的我国装备制造业，以及我们与其配套支撑的无损检测服务行业，或将面临新的走向国际市场的挑战和机遇。所以更进一步介绍与普及一些国际无损检测标准体系的基本信息，以方便业界同仁遇到相关标准时回顾检索，便是此讲义的初衷。

美国无损检测学会无损检测技术简介

Ultrasonic Inspection (Pulse-Echo)
High frequency sound waves are introduced into a material and they are reflected back from surfaces or flaws. Reflected sound energy is displayed versus time, and inspector can visualize a cross section of the specimen f showing the depth of features that reflect sound.
Introduction to Nondestructive Testing
Outline
• Introduction to NDT • Overview of Six Most Common NDT Methods • Selected Applications
Definition of NDT
Magnetic Particle Crack Indications
Radiography
The radiation used in radiography testing is a higher energy (shorter wavelength) version of the electromagnetic waves that we see as visible light. The radiation can come from an X-ray generator or a radioactive source.
Top view of developed film