8 Oxymoron
论Oxymoron+及其翻译法
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9 / 9 / _ ] \ \ _ Y k \m a Y Z \ nY b + h Z [ m h \ ] Y k \o Y m m Z a k +
! e 快d M
E T H副 词 V 现 在 分 词 这 种 形 式 可 用 来 描 述 同 一事 物互 相排斥 ’ 互 相 对 应’ 既矛盾又统一的某些本 质特征 M 如I 又让人头 L \ % Z _ Z $ < U % @K _ ^ Z C =既让人愉快 ’ 痛N 又变化多端 M _ ^ K C = \ % \ U U % @_ ^ K C = Z C =既始终如一 ’
G 矛盾修辞法的结构分类
英语矛盾修辞法的结构比较复杂 ’ 可以从不同的 侧面来分析研究 M 从形式上看 ’ 英语矛盾修辞法可分 为两 类 I 一是浓缩型E 二是舒展型 H ’ _ $ C L \ C U \ L[ @ Y \ E H M \ C % K B = \ L[ @ Y \ G & G 浓缩型 这 种类 型 的 矛 盾 修 辞 法 就 是 一 般 修 辞 学 书 上 所 讲 的 >? 互 ’此类型 在 于 把 表 面 上 互 相 矛 盾 N @ A$ B $ C 相排斥N 互相对 立 的 概 念 或 判 断 巧 妙 地 连 在 一 起 ’ 以 表 达 复杂的思想 O 或 者 用 两 种 不 相 调 和N 甚至截然相 反 的特征来形容 同 一 事 物 ’ 在 矛 盾 中 寻 找 哲 理’ 以便 收 到奇警的修辞效果 M>? 结构灵 @ A$ B $ C手 法多 样 ’ 活’ 但其结构形式可以归纳为以下九类 I
oxymoron的修辞格用法
oxymoron是修辞格中的一种，是指在同一短语中使用了相互矛盾的词语，通过矛盾的结合来达到一种特殊的修辞效果。
oxymoron有时候也被称作矛盾修辞或冲突修辞。
1.oxymoron的功能oxymoron在修辞学中有着重要的功能。
它能够通过矛盾的结合，产生一种强烈的对比效果，吸引读者的注意力。
通过oxymoron的运用，文章的表达更加生动，形象更加深刻。
2.oxymoron的例子举一些oxymoron的例子，例如“明暗”，“虚实”，“悲喜交加”等。
这些例子都是通过将两个相互矛盾的词语结合在一起，达到了生动的修辞效果。
3.oxymoron在文学作品中的运用oxymoron在文学作品中的运用非常广泛。
例如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中有“甜蜜苦涩”、“明亮黑暗”等oxymoron的运用。
这些oxymoron在作品中起到了烘托情感、衬托氛围的作用。
4.oxymoron的运用技巧在运用oxymoron时，需要注意合理搭配词语，避免过于牵强的搭配。
同时还需要考虑上下文的语境，确保oxymoron的运用能够与整个语境相契合，使得修辞效果更加突出。
5.oxymoron的运用场景oxymoron的运用并非局限在文学作品中，实际上在日常生活和商业宣传中也能看到它的身影。
例如一些广告词中常常出现“冰火两重天”、“充满孤独的狂欢”等oxymoron的用法，起到了吸引人们注意的效果。
6.总结oxymoron作为一种修辞手法，在文学作品中有着重要的地位。
通过合理运用oxymoron，可以帮助作品更加生动形象，同时也能够吸引读者的注意力，增强作品的表现力和感染力。
然而，在运用oxymoron时也需要慎重，确保其与整体语境相契合，才能体现出其修辞的艺术价值。
7. oxymoron的文学价值oxymoron在文学创作中被广泛运用，并且在不同的文学体裁和风格中都能发挥其独特的作用。
在诗歌中，oxymoron可以帮助诗人突出诗歌的表现力和感染力。
unit 6The telephone(精读第二版) 答案
Unit 6Text AThe TelephoneAnwar F. AccawiIV Key to ExercisesPreview2.Do the following exercises.1Translate, paying attention to the use of the bold type.1.这辆二手车买得很便宜。
2.他的讲话被打断/缩短了。
3.在这里建造铁路之前，先要把这里的水抽干。
4.这花瓶擦干净以后看起来就会和新的一样。
5.这房子被刷成了淡绿色。
6.就在此时，门被突然踢开。
7.恐怖分子被枪杀，人质都被释放。
8.在日本，鱼往往是生吃的。
9.这可怜的孩子生下来的时候就是聋的，不久又失明了。
10.据说在皇陵完工的时候，那些建造皇陵的工人都被活活埋在里面。
2Give the corresponding adjectives of the following names of countries.1.Iraqi2.Pakistani3.Yemeni4.Lebanese5.Danish6. Hungarian7.Belgian8.Argentine9.Swedish10.Swiss11.Norwegian12.Polish3Review how these words are formed.These are compound adjectives consisting of a noun plus an adjective with the noun serving as a modifier of the adjective. Jet-black for example means as black as jet (a hard black material).4 Point out the word or phrase that doesn’t belong in each line.1.crush2.crack3.crunch4.valueless5.click6.enthroned7.breezemitment9.career10.obliterate5 Complete the verb phrases by putting in prepositions or adverbs listed below.1.for2.up3.for4.for5.for6.for7.down/u p8.up9.into/i n/down/up10.up11.up12.for13.up14.in15.into16.into17.up18.up19.up20.in21.up22.for23.up24.into25.in26.for/up27.up28.up29.up30.in31.for32.in33.in34.up35.down/up36.into37.for38.into39.for40.into41.into42.for43.down/up44.up45.up46.down/up47.for48.in49.up50.up51.forVocabulary1.Translate the following expressions. Into English1.to crack the walls2.to save souls3.to play hide-and-seek4.to slow to a trickle5.to grab sb by the hair6.to call sb names7.to rip her shirt8.to reveal the secret9.to resist progress10.to come into view11.to gather firewood12.to talk sb out of doing sth13.to wriggle one’s way out of14.to run errands15.to deliver sb from suffering16.to assure a steady supply17.to take the pressure off sb18.to keep him out of one’s hairInto Chinese1.梯田2.多岩石的山脉3.百日咳4.周围的村庄5.林中的一块空地6.细粉尘7.羊粪8.粘乎乎的双手9.强壮有力的的妇女10.旌旗如林11.第一手的资料12.漆黑的头发13.一位虔诚的天主教徒14.家务事15.一种让人感到在家般自在的声音16.手卷香烟17.有利可图/十分挣钱的生意18.一家肉铺19.它往日风采的空架子20.一所教会学校2. Replace the parts in bold type with appropriate words and expressions from the text.1.gave way: caved inburied:trapped2.asked for: chargedprofitable: lucrative3.persuade him not to: talk him out of itobstruct: resist4. a quarrel: a argumentdeveloping: escalating5.sent to: relayed to / delivered togather: assemble/congregateshow their strong disagreement with: protest against6.become all skin and bones: been reduced to mere skeletonsrescue: save/deliver7.started to: began to/proceeded tovery seriously and carefully: with utmost gravity8.destroyed: ruined/devastated/wreckedtore: cracked/split9.prevent unwanted visitors from bothering you:keepunwanted visitors off your hair10.heavily crowded: packed with peoplesqueeze: wriggle3．Translate the following sentences into English.1.Incredible as it may sound, I hear that they charge 40 yuan fora bowl of simple noodles.2.Sun Quan finally talked everybody into agreeing to put Lu Xun,a young scholar, in charge of (commanding) this decisive battle.3.He was arrested on the charge of (charged with) smuggling, butin accordance with the law, no citizen can be arrested without evidence.4.She dropped the plate on the ground, but it miraculously didnot break, landing without so much as a crack. OR …not break. It didn’t have so much as a crack5.I can assure you that if we dig a well deep enough here, we willstrike water. So if you guys have no objection, let’s getstarted/proceed.6.She takes delight in shifting the tables and chairs in this roomso as to give the room a new look.7.The focus of our economic development has shifted from thecoastal areas in the east to the central and western areas.8.He shifted/changed to the highest gear, thus leaving all theother cars far behind.9.I maintained that smoking should be forbidden, but he disagreedbecause he said that the tobacco industry was an important source ofgovernment revenue.10.The local people raised a strong objection to installing thecable car over that beautiful mountain.4.Choose the right words in their proper forms.11. assure2.assured3.reassuring4.insured; ensured5.ensure; reassured6.reassuringly21.twisted/turned2.twisted3.wring4.distorted/twisted5.twisted6.twisted7.wringing3 1. gathered/assembled2. assembling3. gather; gathered OR collect; collected4. gathering; assembled/gathered; collectors5. collect/gather6. collect; collecting; collection4 1. crack; break2. cracked; tear3. tore4. split; broke5. break; Split6. tore/ripped7. torn51. abandoned2. abandoned/deserted/forsaken; abandoned3. abandon/desert/forsake4. desert5. forsaken; deserted6. abandoned61. ignore2. neglect3. overlook4. neglected5. ignore6. neglecting5. Point out which of the following sentences contain paradox and which oxymoron.1.paradox2.paradox3.oxymoron4.oxymoron5.oxymorons6.paradox7.paradox8.paradox 9.oxymoron10.paradox11.paradox12.paradox13.paradox14.paradox15.oxymoron16.paradoxGrammar1.Learn to use as and though as concessive conjunction.1Group the patterns of concessive clauses in the following sentences into the categories listed below.1, 2, 3, 6; 4, 9; 5, 8; 7, 102Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets using the patterns of concessive clauses listed in the previous exercise.1.Simple as it is2.Much as he loves his children3.Try as he might4.Trash as it really is5.Happy and contented as they are in retirement6.Hard taskmaster though he appeared to be in the lab7.Tempting though it was8.Perfect talk show host though he is9.Much as I respect him10.Proud as they are of their father2.Learn to use “It is/was (high) time that sb did sth”.1Decide on the precise meaning of the structure.Note:The structure “it is/was (high) time (that)…” is used to convey two meanings. One is “approximately the right time”, the other being “past the appropriate time” For example, It’s time you went to bed can mean either that “You should have gone to bed much earlier” (often stated with emphasis on the word time), or that now is the appropriate time for you to go to bed. The precise meaning of this term depends on the tone of voice and/or the context.1,3, 6, 7, 2, 4, 5, 8。
Paradox_Oxymoron1(矛盾分析法)
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语言是生活的一面镜子，矛盾修辞法
是人的思想在一定的情况下充满矛盾和对
立的反映。
矛盾修辞手法的妙用在于揭示客观事
物的辩证规律，以及人们内心世界复杂心
理的矛盾和人生哲理。
表面上看，这种手法似乎不合情理， 相互矛盾，但仔细琢磨，则能领悟其深刻 的内在含意，给人耳目一新的感觉，具有 出奇制胜的艺术感染力。
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矛盾修辞法的构成及理解
由于矛盾修辞手法表层意思和深层含
义背离，理解矛盾修辞法有助于我们充分
领会文字或情感所暗含的复杂性。
下面主要就矛盾修辞法的结构形式以
及对它们的理解做一简单的介绍。
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在大多数的矛盾修辞法中, 两个看似矛盾的 词或词组紧密相联, 存在着修饰与被修饰, 说明与被说明的关系。但是在少数结构比如 形容词+ 形容词, 名词+ 名词的情况下, 这 种关系会弱化, 表现为并列的关系。从其构 成来看, 主要有以下几种方式:
3.副词+ 形容词 这种结构通常用来表示事态发展的性质、
状态、程度等, 用以衬托人物矛盾, 复杂 的思想感情。 idly busy 无事忙; falsely true 似是而非 / 似真还假 deliciously tired 美滋滋的疲倦 bitterly happy 苦涩的快乐
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(1) bitter-sweet memories
又苦又甜的回忆
(2) proud humility
不卑不亢
(3) a miserable, Merry Christmas
key英语修辞
The quality that similes must possess:
Freshness Originality The repeatedly used similes should be avoided:
e.g. as cold as ice; as good as gold; as strong as an ox; as cunning（奸诈，狡猾）as a fox;
;
Metaphor 暗喻
A figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another. 隐喻（暗喻）是一种隐含着比喻的修辞格，基本用法 是，表述某一事物的词或短语被用来表述另外的一种 事物。
assonance 是在一句话或在一个诗行中间，有两 个或更多的词具有相同的元音。
头韵与汉语的双声(汉语中两个或多个音节，声母相同 ，叫做双声，它不是辞格)相似. 半谐音与汉语的叠韵（两个或多个音节彼此韵母相同） 非常相似。
（1）Peter Piper picked a peck of pickling pepper.（alliteration） 皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。 （2）With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. (assonance) 怀着这个信念，我们能把 绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。
(1)I have written in bed and written out of it, written day and night. 我卧床写， 起床写； 白天写， 晚上也写。（ repetition） (2)The gods, they say, give breath , and they take it away. But the same could be said-could it not? 人都说老天爷把气赐予生灵，又把气夺走。不过这话用 在小小的逗号上， 何尝不是如此？(rhetorical question) (3)Man proposes, God disposes. 谋事在人， 成事 在天。(antithesis) (4)Up went the balloon into the cloudless sky. 气球腾空而起， 飘入万里无云的蓝天。
英语常用修辞格复习
常用修辞格复习(定义并例证各术语) 一、使用语音手段的修辞格1．Alliteration（头韵）：2．Assonance（元韵）：3．Consonance（辅韵）：4．Onomatopoeia（拟声）：5．Aposiopesis（跳脱）：6．Apostrophe（呼告）：7．Pun（双关）：二、使用词汇手段的修辞格1．Simile（明喻）2．Metaphor（隐喻）3．Transferred epithet（移就）4．Personification（拟人）5．Oxymoron（矛盾修辞法）6．Allusion（典故）7．Analogy（类比）8．Allegory（讽喻）9．Synecdoche（提喻）10．Euphemism（委婉语）11．Metonymy（借代）12．Parody（仿拟）13．Hyperbole（夸张）14．Irony（反语）15．Pun（双关）16．Antonomasia（换称）17．Synaesthesia（通感）18．Understatement（低调陈述）19．Zeugma（轭式搭配）20．Syllepsis（一笔双叙）21．Anticlimax（突降）22．Climax（层进）三、使用句法手段的修辞格1．Loose sentence（松散句）2．Periodic sentence（圆周句）3．Antithesis（对偶句）4．Parallelism（排比句）5．Repetition（反复）6．Ellipsis（省略）7．Inversion（倒装）8．Rhetorical question（反问句）A General Review on Figures of SpeechIdentify the figure(s) of speech used in the following sentences.1. "Your Heavens, give me that patience, patience I need!" (Shakespeare)2. Finally, brethren, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is of good repute, if there is any excellence and if anything worthy of praise, let your mind dwell on these things. (The Bible)3. We felt strong, smug, secure.4. Return to her?…No, rather I abjure all roofs, and choose…To be a comrade with the wolf and owl…(Shakespeare)5. "One of my kids wrote four-letter words in his composition," the teacher said.6. When I was a child, I used to speak as a child, think as a child, reason as a child; when I became a man, I didaway with childish things. (The Bible)7. And do whate'er thou wilt, swift-footed time,To the wide world and all her fading sweets;But I forbid thee one most heinous crime. (Shakespeare)8. All are not apostles, are they? All are not prophets, are they? All are not teachers, are they? All are not workers of miracles, are they? (The Bible)9. Now, what advantage do we derive from hearing a man say that he has shaken off the yoke, that he does not believe that there is a God who watches over his actions, that he regards himself as sole judge of his conduct, and that he does not think of accounting for it to anyone but himself? Does he imagine that by saying this he is encouraging us to feel great confidence in him in the future and to expect comfort, advice, and help from him in the difficult situations of life? Do such men imagine that they have greatly rejoiced us by telling us that they think our soul is only a puff of wind or smoke, and still more by telling us so in an arrogant, self-satisfied tone? Is it a thing to be said cheerily? Is it not rather something to be admitted mournfully as though it were the saddest thing in the whole world? (Pascal)10. Good breeding consists in concealing how much we think of ourselves and how little we think of the otherperson. (Mark Twain)11. Shall the potter be considered as equal with the clay, that what is made should say to its maker, "He did not makeme"；or what is formed say to him who formed it, "He has no understanding"? (The Bible)12. Greatness, in the works of architecture, may be considered as relating to the bulk and body of the structure.…Not to mention the Tower of Babel, of which an old author says there were the foundations to be seen in his time, which looked like a spacious mountain…（Joseph Addison)13. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Nowis the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God's children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of radial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. (Martin Luthur King)14. You earn your living and you urn your dead.15. Other things may be seized by might, or purchased with money, but knowledge is to be gained only by study,and study to be prosecuted only in retirement.(Samuel Johnson)16. For ours is the age of four "A's"：anxiety, apprehension, agonizing, and aspirin. (James Thurber)17. So will these unattractive and mysterious objects lead to a new world economic order, or will the game beplayed according to the usual industrial rules; from each according to his ability, to each according to his investments?18. 0 soul of mine, will you never be good and sincere, all one, all open, visible to the beholder more clearly thaneven your encompassing body of flesh? Will you never taste the sweetness of a loving and affectionate heart?Will you never be filled full and unwanting; craving nothing, yearning for no creature or thing to minister to your pleasures, no prolongation of days to enjoy them, no place or country or pleasant clime or sweet human company? (Marcus Aurelius)19. It is in art as in morals; no character would inspire us with an enthusiastic admiration of his virtue, if that virtueconsisted only in an absence of vice; something more is required; a man must do more than merely his duty to be a hero.(Joshua Reynolds)20. It is no use doing what, you like; you have, got to like what you do. (W Churchill)21. To be, or not to be; that is the question:Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe sting and arrows of outrageous fortune:Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them…（Shakespeare）22. ... Let them recognize that there are only two kinds of person whom we can describe as reasonable; those whoserve God with all their heart because they have found him, and those who seek him with all their heart because, they have not found him. (Pascal)23. O, who can hold a fire in his handBy thinking on the frosty Caucasus?Or cloy the hungry edge of appetiteBy bare imagination of a feast?Or wallow naked in December snowBy thinking on fantastic summer's best? (Shakespeare)24. Let us be ruthless in our criticism, cruel to personal vanities, indifferent to age, rank or experience if these standin our way. Let all theories be subjected to the bright clear light of practice. (Norman Bethune)25. I Came BackI came back to softness and comfort.I came back to Dr. White's.And I wonder why I ever went away.Because only Dr. White's gives me two kinds of comfort. The supper-comfort of their cotton-wool content that makes them so much softer. And the comfort of a safer, more absorbent towel, with a flush-away design, too，for even more convenience.I tried the rest, but I came back.Isn't it time you came back to Dr. White's?Dr. White's Two kinds of comfort. (Women, Apr. 1977)26. What may be done at any time will be done at no time. (Proverb)27. You might as well expect a leopard to change its spots as expect him to give up smoking.28. He intended to take an opportunity this afternoon of speaking to Irene. A word in time saves nine…(John Galsworthy)29. A little boy came up to his mother. "Ma," he said, "I have something to tell you. My teacher kissed me.”"Well, were you a good boy and did you kiss her back?""Of course not!" he denied indignantly, "I kissed her face.”30. I don't have any rich relations who well leave me money when they die. Whatever I get in life, I'll have to earnby the sweat of my brow.31. Magnus. Frankly, I have been accustomed to regard your President as a statesman whose mouth was the mostefficient part of his head. (Bernard Shaw)32. No longer mourn for me when I am deadThen you shall hear the surly sullen bellGive warning to the world that I am fledFrom this vile world, with vilest worms to dwell…(Shakespeare)33. O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,Alone and palely loitering?The sedge has withered from the lake,And no birds sing.O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,So haggard and so woe-begone?The squirrel's granary is full,And the harvest's done. (John Keats)34. O, my luve is like a red, red roseThat's newly sprung in June:O, my luve is like the melodieThat's sweetly played in tune. (Robert Bums)35. His behavior was一but I blush to mention that.36. He had passed many anxious hours before he got the phone call from his daughter.37. Music, when soft voices die,vibrates in the memory一odours, when sweet violets sicken，Live within the sense they quicken. (Shelly)38. Child-bearing, hard work, and constant anxiety were beginning to tell on Mrs Athelny; and sometimes her backached in the evening so that she had to sit down and rest herself. (W. S. Maugham) 39. "Now, sir," said my aunt to Mr. Micawber, as she put on her gloves, "we are ready for Mount Vesuvius, oranything else, as soon as you please.”"Madam," returned Mr. Micawber, "I trust you will shortly witness an eruption…”(Charles Dickens)40. Then the fish came alive, with his death in him, and rose high out of the water showing all his great length andwidth and all his power and his beauty. He seemed to hang in the air above the old man in the skiff. Then he fell into the water with a crash that sent spray over the old man and over all of the skiff. (Hemingway )美文欣赏4 （A formal official Letter）Liao Chengzhi' s Letter to Mr. Chiang Ching-KuoDear brother Ching-Kuo,No one ever expected that a strip of water should have become so vast a distance. It is now 36 years since our brief rendezvous in Nanjing. From our childhood friendship to our chats in the Soviet capital, everything in the past is still alive in my memory. But it's unfortunate that we haven't heard from each other for so many years. Recently I was told that you are somewhat indisposed and this has caused me much concern. Men in their seventies are often afflicted with illness. I sincerely hope that you will take good care of yourself.Over the past three years, our party has repeatedly proposed talks with your party to bury the hatchet and work jointly to accomplish the great cause of national reunification. But you have time and again announced that there should be "no contact, no talks and no compromise", which I think is inadvisable. Considering both the public interests and our close friendship which has lasted for generations, I regard it as my duty to offer some advice which I hope you will consider carefully.The peaceful reunification of the motherland would be a great achievement to be recorded in history. Taiwan is bound to return to the embrace of the motherland eventually. An early settlement would be in the interest of all. The compatriots in Taiwan would be able to live in peace and happiness, the people of all nationalities on both sides of the Taiwan straits would no longer have to endure the pains of separation from their kith and kin, and the elders in Taiwan and those who have moved there from the mainland would all be properly placed and provided for. And this would contribute to the stability of Asia and the Pacific region as well as to world peace. You used to spur yourself on with the axiom: "The interests to be considered should be the interests of all; the fame to be sought should be a fame that would last forever.” If the great cause of reunification would be accomplis hed through your work, you will certainly win the esteem of the nation and the praise of all. You would be doing meritorious service to the country and your name would be inscribed in the temple of fame. It is preposterous to regard such a service as “guilt”. After all, putting up in that tight eastern comer is not a long-term solution. This is of course quite clear for a man as intelligent as you. Hesitation, procrastination or leaving the problem to other days would only lead to difficulty and distress and you, my brother, £®would hardly be able to escape the blame. Moreover, peacefulreunification is entirely an internal affair of China. Those outsiders who talk glibly about it have designs on our Taiwan. This is common knowledge. When a decision needs to be made, irresolution is bound to bring trouble. I hope you will consider this carefully.The Kuomintang, founded by Dr. Sun Yat-sen endured countless hardships and finally overthrew the monarchy and established the republic; numerous revolutionaries advanced wave after wave and laid down their lives for the cause. History has recorded this as a glorious contribution. The Kuomintang and the Communist Party twice cooperated and on both occasions they made tremendous contributions to the country and the nation. We know something about the fast cooperation, led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, though we were still young at that time. The second cooperation proceeded with your father in the chair and, as participants in it, we should know what it was all about. Though the matter was as complicated as could be, an all-round view of the situation would show that cooperation is beneficial to the country and the nation while division is detrimental to them. Since you are presiding over the administration of Taiwan, you have unshirkable responsibility for the realization of cooperation for the third time. It would be easier to talk the matter over when leaders on both sides used to be schoolmates and close friends who know one another well. I find it really hard for me to subscribe to those views which describe cooperation as "surrender", "humiliating", "suffering losses" or "being duped. In reviewing history or looking forward to the future, one should bear in mind the public interest, the interests of the country and the nation, and use this as the supreme criterion, instead of basing oneself on a party's selfish interests. Such talks as "reunifying China with the Three People's Principles" are regarded by all sensible people as unrealistic, deceptive and self-deceiving. People of¡£ generation know the true meaning of the Three People's Principles quite well and there is no need to argue about it. Neither is there any need to dwell on such assertions as Taiwan's "economic prosperity, democracy and easy livelihood", the truth of which the venerable gentlemen in Taiwan know clearly. For the sake of your party, I would think that if you would take up the historical responsibility and resolutely take part in peace talks to accomplish national reunification as required by time and tide, the two parties would be able to co-exist for a long time to come, supervising each other while joining in the glorious effort to revitalize China. Otherwise how the situation existing in that small corner could be maintained for long? This is a question those who are sensible are already turning over in their minds. It involves the survival and development of the Kuomintang and I hope you will think it over again.I recently read one of your writings in which you expressed "fervent hopes that my father's soul would be able to return to the homeland and be reunited with the forefathers". I was overwhelmed with emotion when I read this. The remains of your father are still placed temporarily at Cihu. After reunification, they would be moved back and buried in the native soil---in Fenghua, Nanjing or Lushan---in fulfillment of your filial wishes. You recently said, "filial devotion should be expanded into national devotion, which means love of the nation and dedication to the country". This is an excellent statement. Why don't you apply it to the great cause of national reunification? As far as the country and nation are concerned, this would be an expression of both loyalty and filial piety. Otherwise how could you account for yourself after your passing away? It is hoped that you would think more about it.Dear brother! Your life has been marked by frustration, which should not be attributed to fate. Everything depends on yourself. The good and ill to be judged in the next thousand years hinge on the decision made in a moment. The present international situation is capricious. Throughout Taiwan people of all strata are talking about their future. Time does not stay and brief is the day. A long night is fraught with dreams; time does not wait for us. I hope you, my brother, would be good at making the choice and repair the house before it rains. Vast is the expanse of sky and water. What are you waiting for, staying away from home?The longing for old friends grows with age. If it is convenient to you, I would pack and set out for a visit to Taibei to seek enlightenment from our elders. "For all the disasters the brotherhood has remained; a smile at meeting and enmity is banished.” When I look towards the distant southern sky, my heart is already there. No word is enough to express what I wish to say. It is hoped that you will take good care of yourself. I am waiting impatiently for a reply.Please convey my regards to your mother as well as to Fang-Liang, Wei-Kuo and the children.Best wishes to you,Liao ChengzhiJuly 24, 1982An informal Letter (A student to a teacher)Prof. ChenMar. 26, 1987I have just received your letter of March 21. 1 was happy to hear that you are well and that you are invited to give lectures in Xi'an Foreign Languages Institute during the summer vacation. How nice it will be to see you again!Things here are going smoothly; and I haven't a thing to be unhappy about. I'd like to thank you heartily for your deep concern about me and great confidence in me.For the next three weeks there will be a general checkup on our teaching work and studies. I have already drawn up a plan with the help of other teachers. According to the requirements of the administration of our university, I intend to do the work in this way:a) Organize two demonstration lessons, one for the first grade teachers, the other for the second grade teachers.b) The teachers will attend each other's classes at least once during the period.c) Organize meetings of students of different grades so as to solicit their opinions and suggestions.The plan is based on the consideration that good experience should be popularized and shortcomings overcome as soon as possible.Please let me have your advice and instructions in regard to this plan.I was very glad to know that you are getting on well with your book. I wish it would come out soon, for I'm sure I can get a great deal from it. I hope you and your wife are enjoying yourselves in Beijing.You say your wife will go to the U. S. next month to see your daughter. Who will take care of you during her one-month stay in the U. S? Don't hesitate to ask Huang Yaping, Qi Min and others for help when you need it.Best wishes,Your student，Ding Xiaoya。
对比修辞手法英语作文
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1. Simile:Her laughter was like a melody, filling the room with joy and warmth.2. Metaphor:The city was a bustling beehive, with people rushing in every direction.3. Hyperbole:I've told you a million times to clean your room!4. Understatement:The storm was a bit windy, but nothing too serious.5. Personification:The flowers danced in the breeze, as if they were alive.6. Alliteration:Peter picked a peck of pickled peppers.7. Onomatopoeia:The fire crackled and popped, filling the room with its comforting sound.8. Oxymoron:The bitter-sweet taste of success lingered on his tongue.9. Irony:The sign at the gym read, "Lose weight while you eatall you want!"10. Repetition:I will not give up. I will not back down. I will keep fighting.11. Parallelism:She loved to sing, dance, and act anything that involved being on stage.12. Allusion:He was a real Romeo, always chasing after different girls.13. Euphemism:She passed away peacefully in her sleep.14. Anaphora:I have a dream. I have a dream that one day...15. Antithesis:It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.16. Rhetorical question:Who wouldn't want to live in a world filled with love and happiness?17. Sarcasm:Oh, great! Another meeting that will definitely solve all our problems.18. Pun:I used to be a baker, but I couldn't make enough dough.19. Symbolism:The dove is a symbol of peace and harmony.20. Juxtaposition:In the midst of chaos, there was a moment of silence.21. Climax:He started off as a small-time thief, but eventually became the mastermind behind the biggest heist in history.22. Imagery:The sun set behind the mountains, painting the sky with shades of orange and pink.23. Anecdote:I remember the time when I was a child and got lost in the supermarket. It was a terrifying experience.24. Assonance:The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain.25. Allusion:She had the strength of Hercules, always ready to take on any challenge.26. Metonymy:The pen is mightier than the sword.27. Litotes:He's not the brightest bulb in the box, but he means well.28. Zeugma:She lost her keys and her temper.29. Paradox:In order to find yourself, you must first lose yourself.30. Chiasmus:Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.Remember, these are just a few examples of the many rhetorical devices that exist in the English language. Each one adds a unique flavor to the text and helps to conveythe writer's message in a more engaging and memorable way.。
高级英语 修辞
Simile
More examples: 1. The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter. (A is to B what C is to D.) 2. What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to the soul. ( What C is to D, A is to B.)
6. Hyperbole
6. Hyperbole
◆ A conscious exaggeration for the sake of emphasis, not intended to be understood literally. ◆ 1) The wave ran mountain high. ◆ 2) His speech brought the house down. ◆ 3) All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.
4. Oxymoron
4. Oxymoron
◆ A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined. ◆ 矛盾修辞法（Oxymoron）是一种修辞手 段，它是用两种不相调和，甚至截然相 反的词语来形容一件事物，起到一种强 烈的修辞效果，使得所表达的语义更强 烈。 ◆ She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile.
Rhetorical Devices英语修辞
Eg. She is a pretty girl. —She is the prettiest girl in the world.
He laughed heartily. He almost died laughing. This cold is killing me. I was scared to death. Your voice is loud enough to wake the dead.
English
Rhetorical Devices
英语修辞
I. Classification
In general, English Rhetorical Devices can be classified into three categories: Lexical rehtorical devices Syntactical rhetorical devices Phonetic rhetorical devices
The term "personification" may apply to:
① A description of an inanimate object as being a
living person or animal as in: "The sun shone brightly down on me as if she was shining for me alone". In this example the sun is depicted as if having the possibility for intent and if referenced with the pronoun "she" rather than "it".
英语作文中的常见修辞手法
英语写作常用修辞手法1.Simile明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3>. I study all day as a bee .He has a heart of stone.4>. I study all day as a bee .3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻,换喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Personification 拟人拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.例如: 1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.6.Irony 反语反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.例如: 1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning. 2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar..Allegory讽喻,比方这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.例如: 1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.7.Hyperbole 夸张overstatement understatement夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..例如: 1>.I beg a thousand pardons.2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.8.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话. 例如:1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 19979. 移位修饰transferred epithet将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修饰另一类名词。
oxymoron
• genuinely • guest • good • • harmless
• fake • host • junk/ grief / garbage
• abuse/ crime/ lie/ pollution / sin
paradox
A statement that appears to contradict itself.
5. synecdoche
There sits my animal guarding the door to the henhouse.
6. metonymy
He is reading Dickens.
7. irony It must be delightful to find oneself in a foreign country without a penny in one's pocket. 8. oxymoron bitter sweet
11. euphemism senior citizen 12. alliteration delicate blossoms of pink and pearl The birds sat on the trees and sang so sweetly that the children used to stop their games in order to listen to them.
9. overstatement
I loved Oers could not, with all their quantity of love, make up my sum --Hamlet
10. understatement
I spent a few dollars on this new car.
英语修辞格译法(16)
第九章英语修辞格的译法（教学安排：2课时）修辞格(figure of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。
要翻译好英语修辞格，首先要弄清其特点、弄清英汉两种语言在这方面的异同，然后根据具体情况采用恰当的技巧进行翻译。
翻译英语修辞格力求译文能有效地再现原文的修辞效果，否则译文即使在大意上与原文差不多，也会使原文的精神和风格受损，削弱语言的表达力。
一般说来，修辞格的翻译原则是形似不如神似重要。
要做到这一点有时可以采取直译，因为英汉两种语言在修辞手法上存在某些惊人的相似之处；但有时仅靠直译是不行的，因为英汉两种语言还存在着许多差异。
无视这些差异而采用直译不但不能保持原文中修辞格的神韵，反而会歪曲原作的意思，造成译文语言晦涩难懂。
这时译者就得借助其他翻译技巧，根据具体情况灵活地改换原文的某些修辞手法，使译文符合译入语的语言规范和表述习惯。
大致说来修辞格的翻译法有三：直译法、意译法和直译加注法。
但是，不管采用什么方法，都应尽量保留原修辞格的语言文化特色，努力传递出各种辞格的结构美、意韵美和音韵美。
一、Simile（明喻）simile与汉语的明喻基本相同，用某一事物或情境来比拟另一个事物或情境，使其变抽象为具体、化深奥为浅显、化陌生为熟悉，使描写更加生动形象。
英语simile 的比喻词一般是like, as（……as）等, 汉语明喻的比喻词通常是“好像”、“仿佛”、“一样”、“犹如”、“若”、“似”等。
例如：例1原文：They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails.译文：1．直译当英语和汉语明喻中的喻义和喻体相对应时，可以采取直译。
例2原文：Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water.译文：例3原文：Mrs. Macbeth has a heart as hard as flint.译文：例4原文：Previously, if I had been really interested in a book, I would race from page to page, eager to know what came next. Now, I decide, I had to become a miser with words and stretch every sentence like a poor man spending his last dollar.译文：例5as cold as ice as light as feather as bold as a lionas rapid as lightening as hungry as a wolf applause like thundersas sly as a fox as slow as a turtle as busy as a bee as dirty and greedy as a pig 2．改变喻体当英汉明喻中的喻义相同而喻体不同时，翻译时需要改变喻体。
Paradox,Oxymoron
Difference between paradox and oxymoron 1 level
Oxymoron: putting self-contradictory ideas in a phase. It is the figure of speech on the level of phrases Bitter-sweet memories Paradox: putting self-contradictory ideas in the senten on the level of sentences. Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.
3.副词+ 形容词 这种结构通常用来表示事态发展的性质、 状态、程度等, 用以衬托人物矛盾, 复杂的 思想感情。 idly busy 无事忙; falsely true 似是而非 / 似真还假 deliciously tired 美滋滋的疲倦 bitterly happy 苦涩的快乐
在College English Book 中有这样一句: “How you shot the goat and frightened the tiger to death ,”said Miss Melin, with her disagreeably pleasant laugh. 在这一句子中,disagreeably pleasant laugh 是 矛盾修饰语,其中laugh 是关键词,这里laugh 同 时具有disagreeable (令人不愉快的) 和 pleasant (愉快的) 两种性质,即她很愉快地笑但 却让别人很不愉快，所以可以理解成“自鸣得 意却令人讨厌的笑 ”。
舒展型
Paradox 发人深思的隽语
高级英语 修辞手法总汇 复习
一、词语修辞格（1）simile 明喻①...a memory that seemed phonographic②Most American remember M. T. as the father of...（2）metaphor 暗喻①the last this intermezzo came to an end…②Mark Twain --- Mirror of America③saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...④main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart⑤All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...⑥When railroads began drying up the demand...⑦...the epidemic of gold and silver fever...⑧Twain began digging his way to regional fame...⑨Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...⑩The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.⑪and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind…⑫I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.⑬I see the Russian soldiers standing on the thresthold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.⑭The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.⑮I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.⑯We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.（3）metonymy 借代，转喻（4）synecdoche 提喻①The case had erupted round my head（5）personification 拟人①...to literature's enduring gratitude...②The grave world smiles as usual...③Bitterness fed on the man...④America laughed with him.⑤Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.（6）transferred epithet 移就①Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder②The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.③Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydon’s cheeks.（7）hyperbole 夸张①If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.②...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...③The cast of characters... - a cosmos.④America laughed with him.⑤The trial that rocked the world⑥His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."（8）oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. "（9）euphemism 委婉语①… a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.②...men's final release from earthly struggle（10）irony -- the use of words to expresssomething different from and often opposite to theirliteral meaning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法①Hiroshima—the ―liveliest‖ city in Japan②… until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century（11）sarcasm -- a cutting, often ironic remarkintended to wound. 讽刺，挖苦意在伤害他人的尖刻的，常带讽刺意味的话语①There is some doubt about that.（12）pun 双关①DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE.二、结构修辞格（13）antithesis 对比①Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe…②"The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below③...between what people claim to be and what they really are.④...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...⑤...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever（14）rhetorical question 修辞疑问句①Was I not at the scene of the crime?②Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye?③In what conceivable way does our car concern you?三、音韵修辞格（15）头韵法（alliteration）在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。
高级英语课文中常用18种修辞手法
01
metaphor 隐喻，暗喻
暗喻直接将甲事物当做乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物的联系或 共同点是暗含的 1. Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 希望是顿美好的早餐，但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。 2. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 一些书需要被“浅尝辄止”地阅读，另一些需要被“狼吞 虎咽”般地阅读；很少一部分需要被“细嚼慢咽”地阅读。
I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. (Para .8)
将德国军队比作横行的蝗虫，引导听众潜意识地转移 情感，将对蝗虫的憎恨厌恶转移到敌人身上，同时也 形象地说明了他们的破坏性和蔓延性
rhetoric
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01
I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land......(Para .8)
Oxymoron
Functions of Oxymoron
1.通过鲜明的对比，描述人物复杂的心理状态，抒发人
物强烈的思想感情，揭示事物本身的矛盾性。
2. 描述作者对客观事物的主观感受，把思想观点、心境
和情绪表达出来，以引起读者的共鸣，增强文章或作品 的说服力和感染力。
3.具有嘲讽、诙谐、幽默的效果，使表达效果更加鲜明强烈。
4. n. + n.
a love-hate relationship • a life-and-death struggle
●
又爱又恨的关系 生死存亡的斗争
5. adv. + participle
changelessly changing • deliciously aching • a vanquished victor
The welcome of land to the man from the sea was warm and generous. But to the oiler the land’s only welcome would be the cold comfort of the graves.
这块陆地对海上来客的欢迎是热情而慷慨的，而对加油 工的欢迎却只能是坟墓般的凄凉的安慰了。
1.通过鲜明的对比，描述人物复杂的心理状态，抒 发人物强烈的思想感情，揭示事物本身的矛盾性。
• 矛盾修辞法利用它词义层面上的矛盾意义来揭示某一特定语境中事物本身的矛盾性。
•
在莎士比亚戏剧中，矛盾修辞法通常是由两个相互对立的概念组合而成，用 来表达人物极为矛盾复杂的心理状态。
例如：
• “Good night,good night!Parting is such sweet sorro w that I shall say good night till it be morrow.” ( W. Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet）sweet sorrow透露出罗
oxymoron矛盾修饰法例句
oxymoron矛盾修饰法例句1. 什么是oxymoron矛盾修饰法？矛盾修饰法（oxymoron）是修辞手法的一种，它通常指的是通过将两个自相矛盾的词语或短语放在一起，来创造出一种意义上的矛盾或对比效果。
这种修辞手法在文学作品和口语中都有广泛应用，能够给人留下深刻的印象，突显出作者的文学造诣和思维深度。
2. 典型例句2.1 “冰火两重天”——这个经典的oxymoron例句常常被用来形容截然不同的两种情况或状态。
冰与火是两种完全相反的元素，但在“冰火两重天”中却巧妙地融合在一起，形成了强烈的对比效果。
2.2 “孤独的拥挤”——这个例句中，“孤独”和“拥挤”是两种截然不同的状态，但将它们放在一起却能够产生独特的内涵。
这种用词的巧妙之处在于，它能够让读者感受到一种矛盾而又微妙的情感。
3. 在文学作品中的应用在文学作品中，oxymoron矛盾修饰法常常被用来表达复杂的情感和思想，增强作品的艺术感染力。
在莎士比亚的诗歌与戏剧中，我们经常能够看到像“甜蜜的痛苦”、“明亮的黑暗”等oxymoron例句的出现。
这些例句不仅在语言层面上呈现了一种独特的魅力，更能够深刻地触动读者的内心，使作品的意义更加丰富和多维。
4. 在口语中的应用除了在文学作品中的应用之外，oxymoron矛盾修饰法在口语中也有着广泛的运用。
人们常常会在日常交流和表达中使用这种修辞手法，以增强语言的表达力和生动性。
我们经常会听到类似“无声的喧嚣”、“无味的美食”、“甜蜜的痛苦”等oxymoron例句的使用。
这些例句能够使语言更具传神，同时也能够引起听者对语言背后意义的深入思考。
5. 总结oxymoron矛盾修饰法作为一种修辞手法，能够在文学作品和口语表达中发挥重要的作用。
它通过将两种截然相反的词语或短语放在一起，创造出一种独特的意义和效果，从而增强了语言的表达力和感染力。
无论是在文学创作中，还是在日常交流中，我们都可以发现oxymoron矛盾修饰法的踪迹，它已经成为了丰富语言表达的重要组成部分。
简单异喹啉类化学成分结构式的英文
简单异喹啉类化学成分结构式的英文
异喹啉类化合物在药物研究和设计中广泛应用，因此了解其化学成分的命名和结构式是非常重要的。
以下是几种简单异喹啉类化合物的化学成分结构式及其英文名称：
1. 喹啉（Quinoline）
结构式：
英文名称：Quinoline
2. 氢氧化喹啉（Hydroxyquinoline）
结构式：
英文名称：Hydroxyquinoline
3. 氧化喹啉（Oxyquinoline）
结构式：
英文名称：Oxyquinoline
4. 8-羟基喹啉（8-Hydroxyquinoline）
结构式：
英文名称：8-Hydroxyquinoline
5. 8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸钠（8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid sodium）
结构式：
英文名称：8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid sodium
以上是几种简单异喹啉类化合物的化学成分结构式及其英文名称，希望能够帮助您更好地了解这些化合物。
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a wise fool 智者千虑必有一失,愚者千虑必有一得 大智若愚 A fool is sometimes wise or clear.
victorious defeat
矛盾修辞是把一对语意相反、相对立 的词巧妙地放在一起使用， 借以表达 复杂的思想感情或说明某种意味深长 的哲理。
语言是生活的一面镜子，矛盾修辞法是 人的思想在一定的情况下充满矛盾和对立 的反映。
矛盾修辞手法的妙用在于揭示客观事物 的辩证规律，以及人们内心世界复杂心理 的矛盾和人生哲理。
表面上看，这种手法似乎不合情理，相 互矛盾，但仔细琢磨，则能领悟其深刻的 内在含意，给人耳目一新的感觉，具有出 奇制胜的艺术感染力。
To detonate the time bomb, the police have to hasten slowly.
为了引爆定时炸弹，警察必须从容地快干。 The moon shone darkly. 月亮暗淡地息就是好消息。 Everybody’s business is nobody’s
Juliet…..
Good night, good night, parting is such sweet sorrow. (Shakespeare)
这句话当中, parting 这一词既充满了 sweetness, 同时又充满了sorrow, 这两词虽 然是对立的, 但又融合在一起。
Bitter-sweet memories Paradox: putting self-contradictory ideas in
the sentence. It is the figure of speech on the level of sentences. Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.
1. 形容词+ 名词
这种偏正结构在矛盾修辞中最为常见，表现 了修饰词与被修饰的中心词之间既相互排斥 又合二为一的本质特征。
a pious fraud
虔诚的骗子 a wise fool 聪明的傻瓜 victorious defeat 胜利的失败
cruel kindness 害人不浅的仁慈 painful pleasure 悲喜交集 living death 虽生犹死/半死不活
3.副词+ 形容词
这种结构通常用来表示事态发展的性质、 状态、程度等, 用以衬托人物矛盾, 复杂的 思想感情。
idly busy 无事忙; falsely true 似是而非 / 似真还假 deliciously tired 美滋滋的疲倦 bitterly happy 苦涩的快乐
在College English Book 中有这样一句:
Chapter 8
Oxymoron
(1) bitter-sweet memories
又苦又甜的回忆
(2) proud humility
不卑不亢
(3) a miserable, Merry Christmas
又悲又喜的圣诞节
Definition
An Oxymoron is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining of two contrasting, contradictory terms.
“How you shot the goat and frightened the tiger to death ,”said Miss Melin, with her disagreeably pleasant laugh.
在这一句子中,disagreeably pleasant laugh 是 矛盾修饰语,其中laugh 是关键词,这里laugh 同 时具有disagreeable (令人不愉快的) 和 pleasant (愉快的) 两种性质,即她很愉快地笑但 却让别人很不愉快，所以可以理解成“自鸣得 意却令人讨厌的笑 ”。
“严师出高徒”、“娇惯出恶子”
cruel kindness看起来似乎是自相矛盾的， 实质上揭示了现实生活中对立而又统一的 两种倾向! 两者表面上是冲突的，实不尽然!
2.形容词+ 形容词 用两种无法调和或意义相反的特征来描述一
件事情, 以产生某种强烈的语言效果。 a cold warm embrace 不冷不热的拥抱 a miserable and merry Christmas 又悲又喜的圣诞节 cold and pleasant manner 既冷淡又友好的态度 bad good news 令人沮丧的好消息 poor rich guys 精神贫穷的富人
在这个词语中defeat 是肯定的,而victorious 可能是原作者(或当事人) 的态度,认为失败 是失败了,但失败之中可能还包含着许多胜 利因素,这里着重指精神方面的(道义的) ,比 如:失败者的精神状态、风度、失败者在失 败过程中的表现,对周围人或事的影响等等。
生活中cruel (心狠)和 kindness (仁慈)
It was a brilliantly boring lecture. 那是一场令人厌倦的出色演讲。
4.名词+ 名词
这种情况下两个名词之间的主次关系不是 十分明显, 往往用来形容二者之间的难以取 舍, 或进退两难的境地, 或者是复杂难辨的 感情。两个单词中间往往用“- ”相连。
a life-death problem 生死攸关的问题;
Difference between paradox and oxymoron
1 level
Oxymoron: putting self-contradictory ideas in a phase. It is the figure of speech on the level of phrases
love-hate relationship 爱恨交织的关系;
life-death struggle 生死搏斗
a fire –water state 势不两立的状态
5.动词+ 副词 这种结构能表现描述对象的动作与行为方
式之间强烈而鲜明的反差和对比。 shout gently 温柔的吼叫 hasten slowly 慢慢地加速 die merrily 快乐的死亡 shine darkly 暗淡地发光 love harmfully 害人的爱
business. 众人事，无人管。（三个和尚没水喝。） Cheapest is the dearest. 最便宜的东西最贵。（便宜没好货）
结语
矛盾修辞法具有简洁精练、新颖的特点， 表现力很强，使语言富有哲理性，产生强 大的逻辑力量，引人深省的艺术效果。它 是人们对复杂的社会现象或自然现象经过 长期观察分析，去粗取精，去伪存真，用 于表现理念或事物特征的一种修辞方式。 如果运用得当，可以增强表达力、感染力 和艺术效果，在信息传递、思想交流等方 面具有独特作用。学习了解这一修辞手法 可以丰富我们的语言知识和表达手段，帮 助我们欣赏名家名作。