Houdini_01_Basics[1]

Basics
User interface overview 用户界面概述
Overview 概述
Houdini’s user interface is substantially improved over previous versions, with new, faster workflo ws and powerful tools. The new user interface makes it easier than ever to model, animate, and render in Houdini, while still allowing Houdini experts to access the raw power of Houdini unobstructed.
Houdini的用户界面较之先前版本做了大量的改良，新版本中其强大的工具使工作流程更加快捷。

新版的houdini 用户界面使建模、动画、渲染。

的操作变得更加简单，同时仍然允许houdini的专家们任意使用houdini中原始的功能
Tip 提示
Longtime Houdini users can get a quick rundown of what’s changed in the user interface in the what’s new section Houdini的长期用户能够得到一份关于用户界面做了哪些改动及在哪个部分做了改动的纲要。

Learn how to select objects and components. 学习怎样选择物体及组员物体
Some tools use a brush interface instead of handles. For example, you can paint color onto polygonal points using a brush interface.
有一些工具用笔刷工具代替手柄。

例如，你可以在多边形物体的点上用笔刷工具绘制颜色
The main window 主视窗
•Menus菜单
•Shelf工具架
•Selection选择工具
•Snapping捕捉/吸附工具
•View视图控制工具
•Playbar播放工具条
•Take controls分层控制
•Pane controls窗口控制
•Display options显示选项
•Parameter editor参数编辑窗口
•网络链接编辑窗口
File Menus 文件菜单
New Clears the current scene and starts a new scene.
新建清除当前场景并创建一个新的场景
Open Loads a .hip file from disk.
打开从硬盘中读取.hip文件（houdini格式文件）
Open Recent files The File menu lists the last four .hip files opened. Choose a .hip file
from this list to reload it quickly.
打开最近文件在文件菜单的列表中有四项最近打开过的houdini文件，从列表中
选择一项能很快速的重新载入该文件
Save/Save As Saves the current scene to a .hip file.
保存/另存为将当前场景保存为.hip文件
Merge Imports the data from another .hip file into the current scene.
合并将别的.hip文件导入到当前场景中
New Operator Type Creates a new, empty digital asset.
建立新的操作类型创建一个新的空白数字资产
Install Digital Asset Library Loads a digital asset from a file.
安装数字程序库从文件中读取一个数字资产
Refresh Asset Libraries Updates operator type libraries (OTLs) from their on-disk definitions.
Use this to sync up with any changes to the files since you loaded
them. The update is controlled by the options in Tools > Operator
Type Manager.
恢复数字程序库从磁盘中升级了操作类型的数据库。

使用同步工具将你做的更改
更新到你所读取的文件。

此更新控制的选项在—工具—操作类型
管理器
Import Geometry Allows you to import a .geo file, which gets placed in a geometry object. 导入几何体允许你在几何体物体上导入一个.geo文件（几何体文件）
Image Allows you to import an image file, which gets placed in the compositor.
图片
Houdini’s main interface is divided into a few sections…
Houdini的主界面被分成了几个部分
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The main menu bar at the top of the window has menus that control global options. Most panes also have their own menus or pop-up menu icons with commands and options specific to that pane.
主菜单栏在窗口的顶端，内置了控制全局的选项。

大多数的窗口有自己的菜单或者有内置命令及选项的弹出式菜单去以控制当前窗口。

The menu strip also contains controls for takes. 菜单工具条同样可以控制分层控制选项
When you click the help icon in the menu bar, it opens or closes the help browser pane. The help browser is an embedded web browser you can use to read Houdini’s online help while you work.
当你在菜单栏中点击帮助图标，会打开或者关闭帮助浏览器窗口。

帮助浏览器是内置的网页浏览器你可以在工作的同时阅读houdini的在线帮助
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The toolbox along the left side of the 3D scene viewer gives you tools you can use to select and manipulate objects and components, as well as quick access to snapping and rendering buttons.
工具盒设置在3D试图的左边，里面提供的工具可供你选择和控制物体及其组员物体，也可以快速使用捕捉和渲染工具
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The shelf contains buttons you can click to affect the scene. Some buttons insert new objects, some affect the selected objects in the scene.
工具架包含了一些影响场景物体的按钮，有些按钮可以插入新的对象，有的则是影响场景中被选择物体
For example, to insert a sphere into the scene, first click the Create tab in the dock, then click the Sphere icon.
例如，要想在场景中加入一个球体，首先要点击创建工具，然后点击球体的图标
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The largest area of the main window is divided into panes. Different panes have different functions. The interface is divided into three panes at first: the 3D view pane, the parameter editor, and the network view pane.
主窗口中最大的区域被分成了几个视窗，不同的视窗具有不同的功能，界面被分成了三个视窗，首先是三维观察视图，参数编辑视图，网络编辑连接视图
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Below the panes, the playbar has controls for playing, stopping, fast-forwarding, and rewinding animation.
在视窗下面是播放工具，控制播放、停止、快进和循环播放动画等。

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Below the playbar, the status line displays help prompts for using tools, and messages from Houdini.
在播放工具条下面是状态行，里面显示了正在使用的工具提示及一些信息
View the scene（查看场景）
Tumble, track, and dolly （旋转，平移，镜头变焦）
Space + Tumble 旋转视图
Space + , or Dolly摄像机拉近和远离视图
Space + Track平移视图
Space + Ctrl + Tilt the camera 单轴向旋转视图
Space + Alt + Zoom the camera lens 摄像机镜头拉近和拉远
Space + Ctrl + Box zoom框选放大区域
Drag the box from left to right to zoom in on the area inside the rectangle. Drag the box from right to left to zoom out (so the current view fits inside the rectangle).
按住空格和ctrl键不放，从左向右拖动鼠标左键出现一个虚线框，矩形框内被放大。

相反的从右向左拖动鼠标左键则是缩小视图。

（因此当前视图大小即为矩形框内部大小）
Space + Z Center view tumbling on the point under the cursor
当一部分几何体超出视图时，按住空格键+z键，将鼠标移动到该几何体显示在视图中的部分会将该几何体显示在视图中心位置（空格键+z键，视图中心会被定义为光标指向的点上）
Hotkeys （快捷键）
Space + H Home: center the view to show all objects/geometry.
空格+h键视图中心点为世界坐标中心以显示视图总所有物体
Space + G Center the view on all selected objects/geometry.
空格+g键以被选择物体为视图中心显示在视图上
Changing the viewport layout（改变视图布局）
Click the viewport layout menu icon on the viewer toolbar and choose a layout from the menu.
在视图工具条上单击视图布局菜单的图标并且从菜单中选择一种布局
To quickly switch from a multi-viewport layout such as the four-up and widescreen three-port layouts to a single viewport, move the mouse over the viewport and press Space + B .
快速从多视图转换到单视图，例如从四视图及三视图转到单视图只要把鼠标移动到视图上然后按空格+b键
Press Space + B over the single viewport to switch back to the multi-viewport layout.
将鼠标放在视图上再次按下空格+b键，将切换单视图到多视图模式
To have the orthographic viewports pan and zoom together, open the viewport layout menu and choose Link ortho views.
要想得到一个四个相等的正交视图并且镜头变化及缩放同步与其他正交视图，打开视图布局菜单并且选择链接正交视图
Homing the view
Homing means to reset the view, either to a default view looking at the origin. You can also home to show all objects in the scene, or to show the selected objects. This is similar to the “zoom to fit” functionality in 2D illustration programs, PDF and image viewers, and so on.
home菜单是重置视图也是将视图还原到原始默认状态。

你可以通过home菜单中的命令去实现将所有物体显示在视图中或者将被选择物体全部显示到视图中，这是非常简单的一种“自适应视图缩放”的功能，适用于二维插画程序、PDF格式文件、图片观察等等。

Homing and framing controls are located in the viewport options menu (the left menu in the top right corner of viewports). This menu contains commands for homing the view, and lets you customize the default home view. For most homing functions, you’ll want to use the hotkeys.
主页及框架控制被设置在视图的选项菜单中（在视图右上角左边的菜单）。

此菜单中包含了让视图返回主页视图的一些命令及自定义主页视图。

大多数的主页功能你都需要借助于快捷键。

Viewport options(视图选项)
Camera/light to look throgh(通过摄像机/灯光观察视图)
To…（目的）Viewport menu /command （视图中菜单/命令）Hotkey（快捷键）
Zoom to fit all objects .Home > Home All Space + A
缩放视窗以适应所有物体被显示在视图中空格键+a
Zoom to fit the selected objects. Home > Home Selected Space + G
缩放视窗以适应被选择物体最大化显示在视图中空格键+g
Zoom to fit the grid. Home > Home Grid Space + H
将网格最大化显示与视图空格键+h
Customize home view（自定义主页视图）
（目的）Change the home view to a look along an axis 改变主页视图为沿着单个轴向观察视图
（方法）Open the viewport menu, click Home, then choose a view direction (along the X-axis, Y-axis, or Z-axis).
打开视图菜单，单击home，然后选择一个视图方向（沿着X轴，Y轴，还是Z轴）
（目的）Change the home view to look along a custom direction 改变主页视图为沿着自定义方向观察视图
（方法）e the tumble keys (see above) to get the view you want as a custom home.
使用旋转键（见上文）得到一个想要的视图并定义为自定义主页视图
2.Open the viewport menu, click Home, then choose Customize Home.
4.Now when you use the homing hotkeys, you should return to this view.
现在当你使用主页的快捷键是，你所返回的即是刚才定义的主页视图
（用空格+鼠标左键定义个视图角度，然以打开视图菜单，单击主页—选择自定义主页。

自定义主页视图完成）
Changing the display of geometry（改变几何体的显示方式）
（目的）Show or hide different geometry features 显示或隐藏不同几何体的特征
（方法）Click the icons in the display options toolbar (on the right side of the viewer pane) to show or hide different types of information of the 3D scene view. For example, you can show/hide points, point numbers, and point UV and XYZ coordinates.
在三维场景中显示或者隐藏不用的几何体类型信息，单击显示选项的工具盒图标（在视窗的右边）。

例如，你可以显示/隐藏点，点的数量，点的UV及XYZ轴的坐标
If normals are hard to see at the scale you're working, you can adjust their length in the Misc tab of the display options window (see below).
在你工作时如果被缩放过的物体法线很难被显示出来，你可以在显示选项窗口的杂项面板调整它们的长度（见下文）
（目的）Open the full display options window 打开完整显示窗口
（方法）For greater control of the display, open the viewport options menu and choose Display > Display Options or press move the mouse over the viewer and press D .
为了更多的控制显示选项，打开视图选项菜单并且选择-显示-显示选项。

或者把鼠标移动到视图上按下d键
（目的）Switch between wireframe and shaded mode 在线框显示模式和实体显示模式下相互转换
（方法）Open the viewport options menu and choose Shading > Toggle wireframe/shaded W .
打开视图选项菜单并且选择-阴影-切换线框/阴影,或者按w 键
（目的）Change the shading in the viewer （在视图中改变阴影模式）
（方法）Click the shading mode menu icon and choose a shading mode.
单击阴影模式菜单的图标并且选择阴影模式
（目的）Use different feature visibility/shading for selected and non-selected geometry
为被选择物体和未选择物体使用不同的显示/阴影
（方法）You can set different display modes for normal (non-selected) and selected geometry. So, for example, you can only show hulls on selected surfaces.
你可以为标准方式（未选择几何体）和已选择几何体设置不同的显示方式。

例如，你可以只让曲面物体显示壳线
1.Open the display options window (see above). 打开显示窗口（见上文）
（目的）Control the feature visibility and shading of tem plated and “current” surfaces
为被模板化的物体和当前曲面物体控制显示和阴影功能
（方法）Templated surfaces are the result of a surface node with the template flag set, which means the surface is visible for reference, but doesn’t render.
被模板化的曲面物体是由与在曲面节点下的模板标志设置造成的，它们的菜单被当作参考而显示但是不能被渲染
“Current” surfaces result when you are inside a Geometry container object and you select a node other than the display node. Houdini shows the geometry from the display node using the normal display settings, and the selected node using these se ttings (usually wireframe). This lets you edit the geometry of the selected (“current”) node and see the effect on the display node at the same time.
“当前”曲面物体的形成是，当你插入一个几何体容器物体和你选择的节点，除了显示节点。

1.Open the display options window (see above). 打开显示选项窗口（见上文）
2.Click the Guides and Markers tab. 单击向导和标签选项卡
e the pop-up menu at the top to choose Templated Geometry or Current Geometry.
从顶部弹出式下拉菜单中选择—模板几何体，或者—当前几何体
4.Set the display options for the chosen type of geometry. 从显示选项中为几何体选择显示类型
（目的）Turn off primitive highlighting so that you can see the UV texture beneath
关闭高亮显示这样你可以看到下面的纹理贴图
（方法）Change the Shading Mode to Smooth Wire Shaded.
改变阴影模式为光滑且有线框阴影模式
Show or hide other objects （显示或隐藏其他物体）
When you're editing geometry, particles, or dynamics inside an object, you can choose how/whether Houdini displays other objects and levels in the scene using the Show all/current/ghosted menu.
当你编辑几何体，粒子或者动力学里面的物体时，在场景中使用显示所有/只显示当前选择/其他物体鬼影化的菜单，以便你能够选择让houdini以怎样的方式去显示其他物体和层级
Show ghosted （显示鬼影）
Oth er objects/levels appear “ghosted” (semi-transparent). This is the default.
其他物体/层级好像“鬼影”（半透明状态）这是默认的显示模式
Show others （显示其他物体）
Show other objects and levels normally.显示其他物体和层级为正常模式
Hide others（隐藏其他物体）
Only show the geometry at the level you're working and hide others.
仅仅显示处于你工作状态下层级的几何体并且其他物体全部被隐藏
Shading modes （阴影模式）
Wireframe Draws curves, surface isoparms, and polygon edges.
线框以绘制曲线，曲面的iso线，多边形的边，显示几何体轮廓Hidden line invisible Like Wireframe, but does not draw lines are obscured by surfaces.
隐藏实体并使实体后的线不可见很像线框模式，但是不为物体绘制轮廓线并且实体被隐匿与场景
但是各物体之间，物体自身与自身线框仍有遮挡关系
Hidden line ghost Like Hidden Line Invisible, but lines that are obscured by
surfaces are drawn faintly.
实体鬼影化很像隐藏实体并使后的线不可见的显示方式，但是实体物体被
绘制成较淡的灰色，且各个物体之间，物体自身与自身线之间
仍然有遮挡关系
Flat shaded Shades polygons but does not blend between them,
making them appear faceted.
单色调实体显示单一色实体多边形但是各个面没有混合到一起，而使构造面清
晰的显示出来
Flat wire shaded Like flat shaded, but also draws the wireframe over the shaded surfaces. 单色调且带线框的阴影模式很像单色调实体显示，不同之处在于在几何体上绘制了轮廓线
Smooth shaded Blends between shaded polygons making them appear smoother.
光滑阴影显示融合多边形物体的阴影以达到令物体看起来有光滑阴影过度的显示效果Smooth wire shaded Like smooth shaded, but also draws the wireframe over the shaded surfaces.
光滑且带线框阴影模式很像上一种，但不同的是在物体自身边缘绘制了轮廓线
Note 小贴士
Shaded modes can only show a maximum of eight lights. This is a hard-coded limitation of OpenGL
阴影模式的最大值仅能显示模拟为八盏灯光的照射效果，这是因为OpenGL硬编码的限制
How to look through a camera or light（怎样通过相机和灯光观察视图）
（目的）Match the view to a camera or light 将视图匹配到相机或灯光
（方法）Click the camera menu in the viewport (to the right of the viewport options menu) and choose a camera or light to look through.
在视图中单击相机菜单（在视图选项菜单的右侧）并且选择相机或者灯光，并通过选择项观察视图
Normally using the tumble keys after looking through a camera or light will switch the view back to “no cam” – by default the view has no connection to a camera/light. See the Lock camera/light to view button below for how to tie the view to a camera or light.
在使用通过相机或灯光观察视图时通常使用旋转视图键进行调整，调整完之后就会转换到没有相机的状态—默认视图时没有与灯光或者相机建立链接的。

使用将相机/灯光与视图锁定按钮，在决定使用以怎样的方式将相机或灯光与视图关联起来。

（当锁定相机后调整视图都是在相机状态下且不会返回到默认没有相机的状态）
2.Choose a camera or light from the pop-up menus and click Accept.
从弹出式下拉菜单中选择要匹配到当前视图角度的相机或者灯光并且单击接受
Moves and rotates the chosen camera or light to look down the current view.
通过移动和旋转已选择的相机或灯光以达到俯视当前视图的视觉角度
Use the view keys to position a camera or light （使用视图键改变相机或灯光位置）
Normally the Houdini viewer is set to “no cam”, meaning it’s not looking through any camera or light. When you choose a camera or light from the camera menu, the viewer switches to look through that camera/light, but if you use the tumble/track/dolly controls to change the view, the viewer switches back to “no cam”: using the view keys to change the view does normally move a camera or light.
通常houdini的视图观察方式设置为“没有相机”的方式，意思是不通过任何相机或者灯光来观察视图。

当你从相机菜单中选择相机或灯光后，视图观察方式转换到通过相机/灯光观察视图，但是如果你使用旋转视图/平移视图/推进拉远视图这些命令来改变视图位置后，视图自动返回“没有相机”状态：使用视图观察键来改变视图到正常视图来移动相机或者灯光
To use the view keys to move the camera or light you are looking through, you need to lock the view to the camera/light. 如果在通过相机或灯光观察视图的方式下使用视图观察键，你需要将视图与相机/灯光锁定
1.Choose a camera or light from the camera menu in the viewport.
在视图中从相机菜单中选择相机或灯光
2.In the display toolbar (on the right side of the viewer), click the Lock camera/light to view icon.
在显示工具条（在视图的右侧）上单击将视图与相机/灯光锁定图标
Or 或者
Open the camera menu in the viewport and choose Tie camera (or light) to view.
在视图中打开相机菜单并选择将相机（灯光）与视图关联
e the view keys (see above) to move the camera or light.
现在使用视图观察键（见上文）来移动相机或灯光，就不会返回到“没有相机”的模式了。

How to create a new camera from the current view（怎样将当前视图创建为相机视图）
Click the camera menu and choose New camera, or Ctrl-click a camera or light icon on the shelf.
调整号视图角度然后单击相机菜单并且选择新建相机，或按住ctrl键用鼠标左键在工具架上单击相机/灯光图标
How to put an image in the background of the 3D viewer 怎样在3D视图中插入图片作为背景
1.Click the viewport options menu and choose Display > Display options, or press D.
单击视图选项菜单并且选择显示—显示选项或者按d键
2.Click the Background tab.
单击背景标签
3.On the Image Source sub-tab, select the image file to use as the background. You can alternately select the output of a。