第6单元transportation课后答案

Unit 6 Transportation

Text A

Tackling those traffic jams —win-win transportation solutions

Todd Litman

Background Information

1.Sustainability in transportation:

During the last two decades, sustainability has become the dominant concern of transportation planners and policymakers. Sustainability in transportation means the development of systems that move people and products efficiently while minimizing damage to the local and global environment. Many transportation experts have offered comprehensive perspectives on the problems surrounding current transportation systems: climate change, urban air pollution, diminishing petroleum reserves, safety issue, and congestion. Nowadays the full range of possible solutions are being explored by transportation planners. These solutions include applications of pricing, planning, policy, education, and technology.

2.About the author:

This article is written by Todd Litman, the executive director of the V ictoria Transport Policy Institute, an organization dedicated to developing innovative tools for transportation decision making. Todd Litman has worked on many studies which evaluate the full costs and benefits of alternative transportation policies and investments. He has also developed transportation demand management and parking management strategies and programs. His research has been used worldwide for transportation planning and policy analysis. He has written numerous papers, articles and reports concerning transportation cost and benefit analysis. Recently, he was awarded a research fellowship by the Lincoln Institute for Land Policy. He also teaches a course in transportation and land use planning at the University of Victoria.

3.Pay-As-Y ou-Drive:

Pay-As-Y ou-Drive (or PA YD) is a type of automobile insurance whereby the costs of motor insurance are dependent upon type of vehicle used, measured against Time, Distance and Place.

Language Points

1.Para. [4]: fuel-efficient vehicles

Fuel-efficient vehicles refer to the vehicles that can use fuel efficiently and reduce the gas emission.

2.Para. [5]: …by correcting existing market distortions that result in economically

excessive vehicle travel.

There widely exist some wrong ideas which finally make people think they can travel by cars as much as possible without spending too much money on fuel, so by correcting these widely-existing wrong ideas, some traffic problems can be solved.

3.Para. [6]: on the grounds that…

1) on ... grounds 由于…原因:

e.g. Permission to open a mine was denied on environmental grounds.

由于环境方面的原因，开矿被否决了。