第三单元 虚拟语气

●第三单元虚拟语气

虚拟语气

Warming Up Exercises

In part, technology has caused the population explosion; many of us won’t now be alive if it weren’t for advances in health, agriculture and industry.

If I were a boy again, I would practice perseverance, and never give up a thing because it was hard or inconvenient. If we wanted light, we must conquer darkness. If I were a boy again, I would school myself into a habit of attention; I will let nothing come between me and the subject in hand.

If I had influence with the good fairy who is supposed to preside over the christening of all children, I would ask that her gift to each child in the world is a sense of wonder.

Small as it is, the pen has changed the course of history, shaped the destiny of nations, carried news, and done more work for mankind than all other tools or weapons. Progress without it will have been almost impossible.

虚拟语气在条件句中的作用

1.与现在事实相反的情况；

Translate the following sentences:

1). 他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。

2). 如果我现在有时间，我肯定会陪你去看电影。

3). 要是他们把我当成奴隶对待，我就要辞职。

4). 如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子们都有了坐骑。

5). 如果我有更多的时间，我就学习德语了。

6）.假如他们不是每天进行体育锻炼，他们不会这样健康。

Summarize: the pattern of subjunctive mood in the situation opposite to present: If I (we, you, he, she, it, they,) +动词过去时（be 动词的过去时一律用were）.

2.与过去事实相反的情况

Translate the following sentences:

1). 他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。

2). 如果我现在有时间，我肯定会陪你去看电影。

3). 要是他们把我当成奴隶对待，我就要辞职。

4). 如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子们都有了坐骑。

Summarize: the pattern of subjunctive mood in the situation opposite to present: 从句：If I (we, you, he, she, it, they,) +动词过去时（be 动词的过去时一律用were），主句：I (we, you, he, she, it, they)+would + 动词原形

Translate the following sentences:

1). 如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。

2). 如果我在昨天考试时有更多的时间，我就会把考卷再检查一遍了。

3). 假如你早接受了那个有经验的老工人的意见，你的实验就不会失败了。

4). 如果他及时去找大夫看病，那么他就会已经恢复了。

5). 如果我们知道她昨天到，就可以到车站接他了。

Summarize: the pattern of subjunctive mood in the situation opposite to present: 从句：If I (we, you, he, she, it, they,) +过去完成时（be 动词的过去完成时用had been），主句I (we, you, he, she, it, they)+would have + 过去分词

3.错综时间条件句：

在错综条件句中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主语和从句的谓语动词要根据各自不同的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。例如：1). If I had taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning(过去),I should not be wet now（现在）.

2). If you had spoken to him last time you saw him(过去), you would know what to do now（现在）.

3). If I were you (现在), I wouldn’t have missed the film last night（过去）.

4). If the criminal were honest(现在), he would have made a clean breast of the whole thing long ago（过去）.

4.省略掉if 的条件句

在书面语中，如果条件从句的谓语中有were, had, 或should 等词，可将if 省略，而把were, should, had 放在句首，表示虚拟语气，在意义上与带有if的条件从句相同。

1)If I were you, I would get up early every morning.

Were I you, I would get up early every morning.

2)If you had arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday,you could have

caught the train.

Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday,you could have caught the train.

3)Had I taken my umbrella when I came out this morning, I should not be wet

now.

4)Were the criminal honest, he would have made …

测试练习

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1. Look at those doves flying in the strong sunlight. I wish I a piece of cloud giving them cool shade.

2.t he truth, he wouldn’t have lent her any money.

A. Jack has known

B. If Jack known

C. Should Jack known

D. Had Jack known

3. Jane wishes that she foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.

A. did

B. would study

C. had studied

D. could study

4. Without your encouragement and support, we .

A. should not succeeded

B. would not succeed

C. would have succeeded

D. would not have succeeded

5. The same thing, happening in war time, great disaster.

A. will amount to

B. amounted to

C. would have amounted to

D. would amount to

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