2015年12月N1真题答案word文本
A级2015年12月高等学校英语应用能力考试真题
高等学校英语应用能力考试(A 级)历年全真试卷2015 年 12 月Part I. Listening comprehension：(20 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 4 sections. Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. Both thedialogues and questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, youshould decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D givenin your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.1.A) The price of the product.B)The charge of the service.2.A) Giving a lecture.B)Taking an interview.3.A) Its food is delicious.B)Its price is reasonable.4. A) By sea.B) By air.5.A) Asking the way.B) Renting a car.C)The delivery of his order.D)The packing of the goods.C)Preparing a party.D)Having an exam.C)It is close to his office.D)It provides good service.C) By train.D) By truck.C)Buying air tickets.D)Booking hotel rooms.Section BDirections：This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are 2 recorded conversations in it. After each conversation, there are some recordedquestions. Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. When youhear a question a question, you should deicide on the correct answer from the 4choices marked A, B, C and D given in your test paper. Then you should mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Conversation 16.A) Open a new shoe store.B)Participate in a trade fair.7.A) An advertising brochure.B)A price list. Conversation 2C)Invite the woman to his company.D)Place an order with the woman.C)An invitation letter.D)A few samples.8.A) At a hotel. B) At the airport.C) In a restaurant.D) In a bank.9.A) To buy a ticket.C) To place an order.B) To book a taxi.D) To make an appointment.10. A) By 7:00.B) By 8:00.C) By 9:00.D) By 10:00.Section CDirections: In this section you will hear a recorded short passage. The passage is printed in the test paper, but with some words or phrases missing. The passage will be read two times.You are required to put the missing words or phrases on the Answer Sheet in order ofthe numbered blanks according to what you hear. Now the passage will begin.An interviewer sometimes starts with an open-ended question like“Could you tell me something about yourself?”It is a way to break the ice and make you feel11 during the interview. It is also a way for the interviewer to know more about your personality to help him or her to12if you are a good fit for the job.It is not a good idea to talk too much about yourself because the interviewer doesn’twant to know everything about you. But on the other hand, telling13can make him or her wonder why you aren’tmore open. So it’s a good idea to share some14. These interests may not15your work. Section DDirections: This section is to test your ability to comprehend short passages. You will hear a recorded passage. After that you will hear five questions. Both the passage and thequestions will be read two times. When you hear a question, you should complete theanswer to it with a word or a short phrase ( in no more than 3 words). The questionsand incomplete answers are printed in your test paper. You should write your answerson the Answer Sheet correspondingly. Now listen to the passage.16. What does the speaker talk about first in his speech?The speaker first gives about his company.17. What are the main products of the company?Clothing,and household products.18. How long has the company been in business?Over.19. Where can people find job openings at Family Dollar?On its.20. How can people apply for the jobs?They can make their application.Part II. Structure：(15 minutes)Directions：This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.Section ADirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences.You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or wordsfrom the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Then you should mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter.21.the investigation, the committee published the report on the cause ofthe accident.A) Completed C) Having completedB) Completing D) To have completed22.The report shows that over half of the women are suffering second-hand smoke at the workplace.A) in B) for C) on D) from23.Our goal is to fulfill the needs of our clients,challenging they may be.A) however B) whenever C) wherever D) whatever24.Only after the secretary saw the train disappear in sight the railwaystation.A) he leaves B) has he left C) he left D) did he leave25.If they had worked harder, they the project ahead of time.A) will finish C) have finishedB) would have finished D) had finished26.The company has decided to sponsor the exhibition,helps to promoteits image.A) that B) who C) what D) which27.The newly appointed manager is said to be neither flexible easy to getalong with.A) or B) and C) nor D) but28.salaries may not be high, working as a nursing assistant does havesome other benefits.A) Unless B) While C) As D) Since29.How we pack the products has a significant impact the cost of logistics.A) of B) on C) to D) with30. impressed me most about the school is how it was designed to support both thestudents and the community.A) What B) That C) This D) WhichSection BDirections: There are 5 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in brackets. Write the word orwords in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.31.For the sake of our long-term (cooperate), we may consider reducingthe price by 10 percent.32.Here you will find some (value)resources to help you developcommunication skills.33.Driving has long been thought of as (efficient)than flying, butaccording to new research, that is no longer the case.34.Quotations and samples will (send)to you as soon as we receive yourspecific inquiries.35.After (receive)your loan from us, if you are not completely satisfiedwith your experience, please contact us.Part III. Reading Comprehension：(40 minutes)Directions：This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill.You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as youare instructed.Task 1:Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should make the correct choice andmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.In giving a business presentation, many speakers think that if their idea is strong, their audience will get it readily. They feel discouraged when the audience is unable to understand their presentations. That happens a lot especially when technical expertsare invited to make a product presentation to a group of users.What can we do to make a business presentation easier to understand? In my view, good presentations have always been simple and visual. In an effective business presentation, the fewer the points, the better the message gets passed on. You focus on the depth of coverage instead of the width (广度) of coverage. Additionally, you make your ideas visual and relevant, so the message is understood betterand remembered longer. Great business presentersrelate their ideas and concepts to their audience by using simple, powerful diagrams instead of relying on text-based slides. In fact, drawing diagrams forces a presenter to make the idea clear even at the preparation stage. It is impossible to draw a diagram when you are not clear about an idea. When your idea is clear, it is easier to transfer it. Most audiences understand a diagram faster and remember it longer. This possibly explains why most of the memorable presentations have been visual in nature.36. Many speakers believe that the stronger their idea,.A)the more powerful their speech will beB)the more meaningful their speech will beC)the more easily the audience will understand itD)the harder the audience will find it to follow37. Why are you advised to give fewer points in your presentation?.A)To pass on the messages better.B)To avoid wasting too much time. C)To allow audience to take notes.D)To leave more time for questions.38.The speaker can help the audience remember the message longer by.A) displaying text-based slides C) focusing on the width of coverageB) avoiding long technical terms D) using simple and powerful diagrams39.The underlined word “transfer”in this passage most probably means“”.A) create B) pass on C) take off D) describe40.This passage is mainly about.A)how to make an effective business presentationB)how to present strong ideas in a presentationC)how to focus on the depth of coverageTask 2:Direction：This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinishedstatements are numbered 41 to 45.Blue Jeans Company was established in October 2012 and operates as a partnership (合伙企业 ) between Elena Horowitz and James Foster. In fact, it began in Elena’s basement when they sold jeans to friends. And now the company has grown to have its own online store, relationships with suppliers in Asia, and local factories. The company has had its revenues double every two months.For our day-to-day operations, Blue Jeans Company has established several key relationships and we can easily expand our production when the demand for our goods increases.We obtain the best organic cotton from two suppliers, one located in Turkey and the other in Japan, which means that their supplies are produced without the use of any chemicals. Once the shipment arrives in the US, it’ll be routed (发送) to our production and shipping partner in Los Angeles. We work closely with our partner to ensure quality through regular checks. It is also where the products will ship out.Our office is located on 2029 Century Park East where all staff work together, handling all online order processing and ensuring the purchase and delivery of the products run smoothly. It’s also where all requests for refunds are handled in addition to the future launch of the jean-recycling program.41.Blue Jeans Company first started its business by.A) selling its product to friends C) exporting jeans to Asian countriesB) doing business in an online store D) supplying raw materials to local factories42.“Organic cotton”in Line 1, Para. 3, probably means“cotton”.A) manufactured automatically C) produced without using chemicalsB) grown in local regions D) imported from foreign countries43.To ensure product quality, the company __.A) uses man-made materials C) checks its products regularlyB) observes strict regulations D) often asks for clients’opinions44.The company’s products will ship out from.A) New York B) Los Angeles C) Turkey D) Japan45.What will the company do in the future?A) Sell its products worldwide.C) Establish a new office in New York.B) Handle all its orders online.D) Carry out a jean-recycling program.Task 3:Directions: Read the following passage. After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it (No.46 to No. 50. You should write your answers briefly( in no more than 3 words)on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.FineArtAmerica.corn is an online market place designed to help you transform your digital images into a flourishing online business.Simply open a free account, upload (上传) your images, set your prices for the available print sizes, and you’re in business⋯instantly.You can immediately start selling fine art prints and greeting cards to a worldwideaudience of art collectors.Each month, more than 5 million visitors stop by FAA to browse and purchase artwork.When one of these visitors purchases your prints or greeting cards, we take care of everything for you!In order to help you generate sales, FAA advertises your artwork for you online, and we also provide you with powerful and unique marketing features.In addition, FAA has an online community of 40 000+ artists who participate in daily discussions, live chats, groups, contests, and much more. If you’re interested in networking with other artists, discussing art-related topics, and sharing business ideas⋯ you’ve come to the right place.an online market placeGoal: help you transform your digital images into a flourishing online businessSteps to start your business: 1) open46;2) upload your images;3) set47;4) sell your fine art prints and48Number of visitors: over49monthlyWays to generate sales: 1) advertise your artwork2) provide powerful and unique50Additional feature: an online community with 40 000+ artistsTask 4:Directions: The following is a list of terms related to Stocks and Shares. After reading it, you are required to find items equivalent to(与...等同) those given in Chinese in the table below.Then you should mark the corresponding letters with a single letter through the centerin order of the numbered blanks, 5l through 55 on the Answer Sheet.A —Bear market B—Bull market C—Closing price D—Opening price E—Primary market F—Secondary market G—Individual investor H—Annual reportI —Cash flowJ — Earnings per share K —Price per shareL — Market valueM — Volume of trading N—Ordinary share O—Composite Index P—Account balance Q—Annual returnExample: (O)综合指数( E )一级市场51．() 每股股价() 年回报52．() 开盘价() 熊市53．() 二级市场() 交易量54．() 资金流() 普通股55．() 每股收益() 市场价值Task 5:Directions: Read the following passage. After reading it, you should give brief answers to the 5 questions (No. 56 to No. 60) that follow. The answers (in no more than 3 words)should be written after the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.Are you searching the Internet to find the best place to book a room for yourfamily vacation?Here are some of our tips for you.Getting StartedYears ago searching for a hotel required a lot of phone calls to hotel chains. Today, there’s no shortage of quality online hotel booking websites. Just locate your favorite online hotel booking site, enter your travel destination, the date of your trip, and the number of hotel guests.Narrowing the Hotel SearchSo now what? You’ve found a list of hotel rooms online ordered by hotel star rating (等级), guest scores, or price. What’smost important to you? If it ’sprice, sort the list by lowest price first. If it ’s the star rating of the hotel, then click to sort by rating.Read Guest Scores and ReviewsAlways read the guest scores. Keep in mind that hotels with a high number of highly rated guest scores and written guest reviews will increase your confidence that you’ll have a good experience at that hotel. Always consider the guest scores when you book a room online in a hotel. Your experience is likely to be similar.56. What did people have to do to search for a hotel in the past?They had to make a lot of.57. What should people do after they have found their favorite hotel booking site?Simply enter their, the date of their trip, and the number of guests. 58. How are hotel rooms ordered in a list online?They are ordered by star rating,, or price.59. What should people do if they think the star rating is most important?They just sort by.60. Why should people take the guest scores into consideration?Because their experience is likely to be.Part IV . Translation—English into Chinese(25minutes)Directions: This part．numbered 61 through 65，is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese After each of the sentences numbered 61 to 64 ，you will read four choices of suggested translation ． You should choose the best translation and mark thecorresponding letter on your Answer Sheet．And for the paragraph numbered 65 ，writeyour translation in the corresponding space on the Translation/Composition Sheet．61.It has been found that some people devote themselves so fully to their businessSuccess that they develop unhealthy eating habits.A)人们发现有些人的事业之所以能成功，是与他们的生活习惯密不可分的。
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试日语试题卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上答案转填到答题卡上。
第一节（共7小题：每小题2分，满分14分）听下面7段录音，每段录音后有1道小题，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
每段录音只播放一遍。
例:男の人はどのぐらい日本語を勉強しましたか。
A6か月B９か月C１２か月１．男の人は今どこに来ていますか。
AデパートB友達の家C先生の研究室２．この本はおもしろかったですか。
Aとてもおもしろかったです。
B読んでいないので、よくわかりません。
C読んだことがあるようですが、よく覚えていません。
３．女の人は昨日何をしましたか。
A家でゆっくり休みました。
Bお姉さんと買い物に行きました。
C家で雑誌を読んで過ごしました。
４．男の人はどこへ行こうと考えていますか。
AハワイBヨーロッパCフランスとイギリス５．男の人は展覧会に行きますか。
A行きますB行きませんCわかりません６．図書館では、してもいいことはどれですか。
A食べ物を食べることBジュースを飲むことC携帯電話を使うこと７．結婚式のお祝いはどのぐらいですか。
A一万円ぐらいB三万円ぐらいC一万円から三万円ぐらい第二节（共8小题：每小题2分，满分16分）听下面4段录音，每段录音有2道小题，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，每段录音播放两遍。
８．女の人は何を忘れていましたか。
A男の人との約束B電話に出ることC男の人に電話すること９．女の人はなぜ疲れていますか。
A携帯を家に忘れたから。
B試験の準備をしているから。
C男の人のことを気にしているから。
１０．明日の予定はどうなっていますか。
A寝坊→映画→食事B寝坊→食事→映画C食事→映画→寝坊１１．二日目の予定はどうなっていますか。
A食事をしますB海へ行って、泳ぎますC大学のプールで泳ぎます１２．出発と帰りの時間はどれですか。
12月日语一级真题解析
12月日语一级真题解析考试频道收集整理日语等级考试资料，免费提供给大家交流参考。
26题正解：4解析：山川铁路于三月迎来开业90周年，以此为契机导入最新型的车辆，从15日线路开始进入实际运营。
1 以......为限。
通常用于表示某动作或者事件最后截止，从此不再进行的日期。
2 以......为开端。
通常后面的表达是同类的事件不断进行。
3 不管......，不顾......4 以......为契机。
通常后句都是一个比较重大的转变。
27题正解：2解析：无论是什么样的理论，如果没有经过数据的实验检验，是绝对不会被大众接受的。
要点：首先要知道动词ます形+はしない。
这个用法表示不......，绝不......。
然后根据句意分析动词应该是被动的形式。
28题正解：1解析：(电视广告)本产品不使用任何添加剂，是健康的食用油。
1 一切，全部。
后面常常加否定，表示一点也没......，完全不......。
2 非常3 一定4 真没想到，居然......;该不会是......。
29题正解：3解析：被委托负责这次的计划，责任在肩令人感到格外紧张，不敢有丝毫的懈怠。
1 想法2 希望，预计3 感觉，心情4 结果30题正解：4解析：这次由于我们发送商品的过失，给您带来了很大的麻烦，我们对此表示深深地歉意。
要点：真是非常的抱歉。
这题考察对敬语的把握：～ていただく是～てまらう的谦让语。
いらっしゃる是动词来る、いる的尊敬语，申し上げる是言う的谦让语。
お詫び申し上げます是~申し上げる这一自谦结构，符合题意的正确表达方式，表示向您致歉。
31题正解：1解析：上司我说你啊，这下可是非常尴尬啊!资料有错字啊。
多亏了你让我如此地丢脸。
部下对不起，我犯迷糊了。
要点：这里考查到了～じゃないか的用法，动词形容词普通形+ではないか/じゃないか表示一种强烈的反问。
表达一种肯定的语气。
和表示委婉肯定、推测的～のではないか有所区别。
32题正解：4解析：近十年来，对于抑制地球温暖化所作出的贡献，似乎正在逐渐成为衡量优秀企业的一个标准。
12月能力考N1完型填空题
結論からいえば、乾麺のうどん、冷や麦、素麺の違いは単に「太さ」だけ、である。太いのがうどん、細いのが 2 、その中間が冷や麦だ。ひらめんは形状がことなり、名の通り 3 からすぐわかる。
（森田正太 『新観空望気』による）
１
１ クジラ ２ しっぽ ３ クジラの尾 ４ 巨大な胴体
２
１ 高気圧 ２ 天気図 ３ 太平洋 ４ 大陸
３
１ すなわち ２ および ３ ところが ４ だからといって
４
１ はずで ２ もので ３ ところで ４ わけで
父は写したいところがたくさんあって忙しいなどと、うれしそうでした。母と妹は買い物を満喫し、私たち家族は本格的な中華料理でお腹を満たし、あっという間の４日間でした。
（杉山嘉子 『父の初めての海外旅行』による）
１、
１．多民族国家 ２．シンガポール ３．マーライオン ４．海外
２、
１．運転 ２．人形 ３．英語 ４．カメラ
この呼び方は戦前からあったようだが、当時は 2 の範囲が今よりもずっと狭かった。夏の高気圧はかつて「小笠原高気圧」と呼ばれ、高気圧の中心が日本のすぐ東にあるようなイメージが強かったのである。 3 実際の中心はもっとはるか東のほう、ハワイ諸島付近にある。日本付近は北太平洋に広がる大きな高気圧の、いちばん西の端に位置するにすぎない。広範囲の天気図を初めて見た時は驚かされた。クジラの尾っぽだけだと思っていたら、巨大な胴体もちゃんとつながっていたのだから…。
一歩敷居をまたぐといきなり一面の障子が目に入る。あれ、玄関から入ったはずなのにと面食らったが、そこがちょうど主家と土間を繋ぐとおりだった。障子を開けると、ドーンとピカピカ板張りのダイドコが開ける。何と広さ28畳！ 4 天井ぶちぬきで一気にジャングルジムみたいな屋根裏までが見渡せる。何だか宇宙船にでも乗り込んだような気持ちになった。
2015年12月英语四级真题试卷一完整版(文字版)(2)
2015年12月英语四级真题试卷一完整版(文字版)(2)Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) He had only a third-grade education. B) He once threatened to kill his teacher. C) He grew up in a poor ??? D) He often helped his ??? 24.A) Careless. B) Stupid. C) Brave. D) Active.25.A) Write two book reports a week. B) Keep a diary. C)Help with housework. D) Watch education?? Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.When you look up at the night sky, what do you see?There are other bodies out there besides the moon and stars. One of the most of this is a comet. Comets were formed around the same the earth was formed. They are made up of ice and other frozen liquids and gasses. these dirty snow balls begin to orbit the sun just as the planets do. As a comet gets closer to the sun, some gasses in it begin to unfreeze. They combine with dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud. As the comet gets even nearer to the sun and solar wind blows the cloud behind the comet thus forming its tail.The tail and generally fuzzy atmosphere around the comet are that can help this phenomenon in the night sky. In any given year，about dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits. The average person can t see them all of course. Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seen with the _________eye. Comet Hale-Bopp discovered in 1995 was an unusually bright comet. Its orbit bought it _________to the earth within 122 million miles of it. But Hale-Bopp came a long way on its earthly visit. It won t be back for another 4 thousand years or so.Part ШReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices givenin a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.For many Americans, 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold spell. November and December 36 early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country, part of a year when, for the first time in two 37 , record-cold days will likely turn out to have outnumbered record-warm ones. But the U.S. was the exception; November was the warmest ever 38 , and current data indicates that 2013 is likely to have been the fourth hottest year on record.Enjoy the snow now, because 39 are good that 2014 will be even hotter, perhaps the hottest year since records have been kept. That s because, scientists are predicting, 2014 will be an EI Niuo year.EI niuo, Spanish for the child , 40 when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally warm. So large is the Pacific, covering 30% of the planet s surface, that the 41 energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes around the world. EI Ninos are 42 with abnormally dry conditions in Southeast Asia and Australia. They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America, even as southern Africa 43 dry weather. Marine life may be affected too; EI Ninos can 44 the rising of the cold, nutrient-rich(营养丰富的)water that supports large fish 45 ,and the unusually warm ocean temperatures can destroy coral(珊瑚).注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2015年12月一二三卷大学英语四级考试真题及答案汇总
2015年12月一二三卷大学英语四级考试真题及答案汇总机密★启用前版权所有大学英语四级考试COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST-Band Four-(4WZSHI)试题册☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆敬告考生一、在答题前，请认真完成以下内容：1. 请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条、答题卡的印刷质量，如有问题及时向监考员反映，确认无误后完成以下两点要求。
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二、在考试过程中，请注意以下内容：1. 所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答，在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效。
2. 请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文、听力、阅读、翻译各部分考试，作答作文期间不得翻阅该试题册。
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4. 考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。
Section A Litstening Comprehension(30 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will hear8 short conversations and 2 longconversations. At the end of eachconversation. one or morequestions will be asked about whatwas said. Both the conversationand the questions will be spokenonly once. After each questionthere will be a pause. During thepause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D),and decide which is the bestanswer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答1. A) They admire the courage of space explorersB) They enjoyed the movie on space explorationC) They were going to watch a wonderful movieD) They like doing scientific exploratron very much2. A)At a gift shopB) At a graduation ceremony.C) In the office of a travel agencyD) In a school library3. A) He used to work in the art galleryB) He does not have a good memoryC) He declined a job offer from the art galleryD) He is not interested in any part-time jobs4. A) Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrowB) He will go to the birthday party after the lectureC) The woman should have informed him earlierD) He will be unable to attend the birthday party5. A) Reward those having made good progressB) Set a deadline for the staff to meetC) Assign more workers to the project.D) Encourage the staff to work in Small groups6. A) The way to the visitor's parkingB) The rate for parking in Lot CC) How far away the parking lot is.D) Where she can leave her car.7. A) He regrets missing the classesB) He plans to take the fitness classes.C) He is looking forward to a better lifeD) He has benefited from exercise8. A) How to raise work efficiency.B) How to select secretariesC) The responsibilities of secretanesD) The secretaries in the man’s company. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9 A) It Is more difficult to learn than EnglishB) It is used by more people than English.C) It will be as commonly used as EnglishD) It will eventually become a world language10. A) Its loan words from many languagesB) Its popularity with the common people.C) The influence of the British EmpireD) The effect of the Industrial Revolution11. A) It includes a lot of words from other languagesB) It has a growing number of newly coined wordsC) It can be easily picked up by overseas travellersD) It is the largest among all languages in the worldQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To return some goodsB) To apply for a job.C) To place an order.D) To make a complaint13. A) He has become somewhat impatient with the womanB) He is not familiar with the exact details of the goodssC) He has not worked in the sales department for long.D) He works on a part-time basis for the company14. A) it is not his responsibilityB) It will be free for large ordersC) It costs ￡15 more for express deliveryD) It depends on a number of factors15. A) Report the information to her superiorB) Pay a visit to the saleswoman in chargegeC) Ring back when she comes to a decisionD) Make inquiries with some other companiesSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear3 short passages. At the end ofeach passage, you will hear somequestions. Both the passage andthe questions will be spoken onlyonce.After you hear a queslion,you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding leltert on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答。
2015考研英语一真题及答案解析(完整版)
2015考研英语一真题及答案解析(完整版)Dnot even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship”of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those ofsimilar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated[D] connected5. [A] tests [B] s [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected[C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse[D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions[D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember[C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision[C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C orD. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere”politics and “embody”a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’continuing popularitypolarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service –as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worstenemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear”because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsTEXT 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of asmartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect’s purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history ,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing.”meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] search for suspects’mobile phones without a warrant.[B] check suspects’phone contents without being authorized.[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A] tolerance.[B] indifference.[C] disapproval.[D] cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to[A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handing one’s historical records.[C] scanning one’s correspondences.[D] going through one’s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] phones are used to store sensitive information.[D] citizens’privacy is not effective protected.30.Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.Text 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manu will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existingBoard of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manus.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”31、It can be learned from Paragraph I that[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32、The phrase “flagged up ”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored33、Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals34、David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA. adds to researchers’worklosd.B. diminishes the role of reviewers.C. has room for further improvement.D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB. Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’DesksD. Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”Integrity had collapsed, she argued,because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”.Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes –finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill,Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we shouldnot be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sortingmechanism[B] companies’financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirectionsIn the following text, some sentences havebeen removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks .Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.(41)________You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved. Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You inferinformation you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.(42)_________Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or "true" meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of text to the world.(43)_________Such background material inevitably reflects who we are.(44)_______This doesn`t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page--including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns--debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it,(45)________Such dimensions of reading suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading. It doesn`t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different minds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading ,our gender, ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D] In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E] You make further inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and thentranslate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many otherswho attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During theirsix- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.”said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.”The colonists’first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)一.Close test1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、seeII Reading comprehensionPart AText 121. C ended his regin in embarrassment22. A owing to their undoubted and respectable status23. C the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. D fails to adapt himsself to his future role25. B Carlos, a lesson for all European MonarchiesText 226. B check suspect's phone contents without being authorized.27.C disapproval28.A getting into one's residence29. D citizens' privacy is not effectively protected30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitutionText 331.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.C marked33. D set an example for other journals34. C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papersText 436. A the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37. B more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38. C was hardly convincing39. A generally distorted values40. C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaperPart B41.C if you are unfamiliar...42.E you make further inferences...43.D Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.B factors such as...45.A are we studying that ...Part C46)在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
2015年12月日语能力考一级N1真题解析：听力
2015年12月日语能力考一级N1真题解析：听力第一大题课题理解本题型的试题，顾名思义，解决问题的行为选择类的题目。
对于这一类的问题，首先一定要利用开始空余的时间把6道题的选项，读懂，在做题时，只要采用上课时反复强调的做题方法，一边听着录音，一边对照答题纸上的四个选项，采用排除法，做题即可选出正确答案。
比如：第1题，关于不在期间的诸事安排的一段对话，对照选项按着录音一一排除即可，1郵便局に不在届を出す(それはもう手続きしたんだ);2管理会社に連絡する(えっ、そこまでしないといけないの)注意通过男士的吃惊的语气直接可以确定答案;3友達に鍵をあずける(鍵のほうは自分で管理したほうがいい)4冷蔵庫の中身を処分する(いつも料理はしないから、空っぽです、それは必要がない)，最后答案就非常确定了是2。
第二大题要点理解本题型的试题，与第一大题相似，只是需要利用好空余20秒时间阅读选项，理清对话的的思路。
做题方法上，多应用技巧会事半功倍。
比如：第2题，是关于选择发表内容的一段对话。
，通过“ただ、信頼関係は相手によることもありますし”可以排除选项1;“あっ、それは新人研修の時に商談の進め方に合わせて、しっかり指導したから、もういいよ。
”排除选项3和4，最后答案只能是：2売り場での商品の並べ方。
第三大题概要理解本题型的试题，与之前课堂上给大家强调的一样，独白形式为主，也有对话形式。
涉及的话题内容与平时优势日语课堂上经常练习的题目类型一样。
当然本题应用最多的做题方法是排除法。
特别是要注意听懂开头和结尾。
如第1题，第一句说的是去国外留学的日本学生在减少，有人认为这是因为年轻人对海外交流比较消极，作者后面具体分析了原因，整道题目的语言逻辑都是比较常见的:有人这样认为，可我是……想的。
通过大量的听力练习辅助教师的归纳指导，这道答题，应对起来也并不是素手无策。
第四大题即时应答本题所考察的知识点无一不是课堂上反复强点的重点。
如第2题，“あ、雪だ。