初中英语语法大全——冠词

初中英语语法大全——冠词一. 冠词的定义、位置和种类

在英语中a,an称为不定冠词,the称为定冠词。名词前不用冠词时称为零冠词。有时名词前的冠词可以省略，这与零冠词不同。

二.不定冠词的用法

不定冠词a/an与one同源，表示微弱的一的概念，但并不强调数目，只表示名词为不特定者。不定冠词a/an的用法如下:

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1. 泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。

A leaf falls much more slowly than a stone.

I saw a man in the darkness, but I couldn't make out who it was.

2. 指代一类人或事物。

该用法并不表示具体的某一个人或事物的，而是表示一类人或事物，一般不译为“一”。

A doctor is a person who saves people's lives.

A knife is a tool for cutting with.

3. 表示数量中的一。

意义上接近one，但数量概念比one弱，此时常译为“一”。

There is a table and four chairs in that dining room.

There is going to be an English lecture this evening.

4. 表示单位量词的“每一”。

用于表示时间、速度、价格等含义的名词之前，有“每一.......”的意思。

Take three pills a day and you'll get better soon.

The light blinks once a second.

5. 用于集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前。

(1) 用于集体名词前

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I was put into a large class last term.

Mary and John are a happy couple.

(2) 用于物质名词前

物质名词，如coffee, food, tea, fruit, rain, snow, wind等在表示“一种”、“一场”、“一杯”等意义时，常加不定冠词。

An unexpected rain fell this morning in the small town.

I'd prefer a coffee and a chicken sandwich, Sir.

(3)用于抽象名词前

Working with Jane is a great joy.

As a writer, she is a success; but as a teacher, shes a failure.

(4)用于专有名词前

专有名词本身表示特指，其前一般不用任何冠词。但是表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一个不认识的人或者某一个不确定的时间时，专有名词前需要加不定冠词。

A Mr.White wants to see you this afternoon.

The story took place in a September in the 1980s.

6. 用于有形容词、短语和从句修饰的不可数名词前。

不可数名词如education , history, knowledge, population 等，在表述其某一部分或者某一方面的内容、概念时，前面常加不定冠词。

China is an Asian country with a long history.

A college education is becoming more and more popular among young people.

7. 用于序数词前，表示“又一; 再一”。

I want a second cup of coffee.

Do you want a second chance?

8. 用于同源宾语前

在同源宾语中，与动词同源的名词前要加不定冠词。

Last night, I dreamed a terrible dream.

The little girl smiled a friendly smile.

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9. 用于表示动词意义的名词前语动词构成固定短语。

有动词意义的名词在与动词have, take, make, give 等构成动词短语表示一种非延续性的动作时，该名词前的不定冠词一般不能缺少。

have a look have a walk have a rest have a try

give a smile give a shout make a choice make a decision

10.用于固定搭配中。

a great deal of make a move for a while as a rule all of a sudden

as a result in a hurry after a while have a good time make a living

三. 定冠词的用法

定冠词主要是对后面的名词起限定作用，因此“特指”，即指代上文出现过的和谈话双方都熟知的人或事物，是定冠词的主要功能。在辅音音素前读[ ðə ]，在元音音素前读[ ði ]，意为“这，那，这些，那些”。

1. 用于特指的和说话双方都知道的人或事物。

Do you know the woman standing at the gate of the school？

Is this the book that you are looking for？

Look at the blackboard, Lily.

2. 用于指代上文提到的人或事物。

I bought a book yesterday. The book is very interesting.

There is a man under the tree.The man is called Robert.

3. 用于单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物。

The wheel is perhaps the simplest invention of all.

The shark is most dangerous animal in the sea.

The beaver likes family life.

4.用于表示独一无二的事物前。

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