Lecture 3 An Institution-Based view of Strategy(商务战略,澳大利亚纽卡斯尔大学)
邀请斯密斯教授参加学生讲座的英语作文
邀请斯密斯教授参加学生讲座的英语作文Dear Professor Smith,I am writing to extend a cordial invitation for you to participate in our upcoming student lecture series. As a renowned expert in the field of [FIELD], your insights and expertise would be invaluable in enriching the educational experience of our students.The student lecture series is a biannual event organized by the [DEPARTMENT/SCHOOL] at [UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE] to provide a platform for our students to engage with distinguished scholars and professionals. It serves as an opportunity for them to gain a deeper understanding of the latest developments and cutting-edge research in their respective areas of study.Your participation in this event would be a tremendous honor for our institution and a remarkable learning opportunity for our students. Your lecture would not only inspire and motivate our students but also contribute to the intellectual discourse within our academic community.We believe that your unique perspective and extensive knowledgewould be a perfect fit for the theme of this year's lecture series, which is [THEME]. Your expertise in [FIELD] would undoubtedly provide our students with a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter and its practical applications.The lecture series is scheduled to take place on [DATE] at [TIME] in the [VENUE]. We would be delighted if you could join us and share your insights with our students. The event will be followed by a networking session, where you will have the chance to engage with our faculty and students on a more personal level.We understand that your schedule may be quite demanding, but we sincerely hope that you will be able to accept our invitation. Your presence would be a tremendous asset to our event and would greatly contribute to the overall success of the lecture series.Please let us know at your earliest convenience if you are available to participate. We would be more than happy to provide you with any additional information or assistance you may require.Thank you for your time and consideration. We look forward to hearing from you and the possibility of welcoming you to our campus.Sincerely,[YOUR NAME] [TITLE] [DEPARTMENT/SCHOOL] [UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE]。
大学英语教学指南2020 pdf
大学英语教学指南2020 pdfIn the ever-evolving landscape of higher education, the role of English language teaching at the university level has become increasingly crucial. As the global community continues to shrink, the demand for proficient English speakers has skyrocketed, making it imperative for universities to provide comprehensive and effective English language programs. This guide aims to explore the key elements of successful university English language teaching in the year 2020 and beyond.Firstly, the curriculum design must be tailored to the specific needs and goals of the student population. Gone are the days of a one-size-fits-all approach to language instruction. Universities must carefully analyze the linguistic proficiency levels, academic backgrounds, and future career aspirations of their students in order to develop a curriculum that truly caters to their unique requirements. This may involve the incorporation of specialized courses in areas such as business English, academic writing, or English for specific purposes.Moreover, the teaching methodologies employed must be dynamic and adaptable. The traditional lecture-based model is no longer sufficient in the modern classroom. Instructors must embrace a more interactive and student-centered approach, incorporating a variety of teaching techniques such as group discussions, role-playing exercises, and project-based learning. By actively engaging students in the learning process, educators can foster a deeper understanding and application of the English language.Technological integration is another crucial aspect of effective university English language teaching. The digital age has ushered in a wealth of educational resources and tools that can greatly enhance the learning experience. From online language learning platforms to virtual exchange programs, universities must leverage technology to provide their students with innovative and engaging learning opportunities. Additionally, the integration of digital literacy skills, such as effectively utilizing online research databases and crafting professional email communications, should be seamlessly woven into the curriculum.Equally important is the emphasis on cultural awareness and cross-cultural communication. In a globalized world, the ability to navigate diverse cultural contexts and communicate effectively across linguistic and cultural barriers is paramount. University English language programs should incorporate components that explore thenuances of intercultural communication, fostering an appreciation for cultural differences and equipping students with the necessary skills to thrive in an interconnected world.Furthermore, the professional development of English language instructors must be a top priority. Universities should invest in ongoing training and support for their teaching staff, ensuring that they are equipped with the latest pedagogical techniques, technological advancements, and industry best practices. This not only enhances the quality of instruction but also demonstrates a commitment to the continuous improvement of the English language program.Assessment and feedback mechanisms also play a vital role in the success of university English language teaching. Employing a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to evaluation, which includes both formative and summative assessments, can provide valuable insights into student progress and the overall effectiveness of the program. Regular feedback from students, as well as industry stakeholders, can further inform program refinements and ensure that the curriculum remains relevant and responsive to the evolving needs of the market.Finally, the integration of English language learning with the broader academic experience is crucial. Universities should strive to createseamless connections between the English language program and the various disciplines and departments within the institution. This can be achieved through collaborative projects, interdisciplinary courses, and the incorporation of English language support services across the campus.By addressing these key elements, universities can develop and maintain a robust and effective English language teaching program that empowers their students to thrive in the global arena. As the world continues to become more interconnected, the importance of English language proficiency will only continue to grow, making the implementation of a comprehensive and forward-thinking approach to university English language teaching an imperative for academic institutions worldwide.。
接受教授的邀请包含讲座的要点英语作文
接受教授的邀请包含讲座的要点英语作文It was a great honor and privilege when I received the invitation from Professor Williamson to give a lecture at the prestigious University of Cambridge. As a young researcher in the field of educational psychology, this opportunity to share my work and engage with the esteemed faculty and students at such a renowned institution was truly humbling. I eagerly accepted the invitation and began preparing for the lecture with a deep sense of excitement and responsibility.The topic I was asked to present was the role of mindfulness-based interventions in improving academic performance and overall well-being among university students. This area of research has been a particular focus of mine over the past few years, and I was eager to share my findings and insights with the academic community at Cambridge.In my introduction, I highlighted the growing body of evidence that suggests the benefits of mindfulness practice for college students. Numerous studies have shown that regular mindfulness meditationcan lead to improvements in attention, emotional regulation, and cognitive flexibility – all of which are essential for academic success. Additionally, mindfulness has been linked to reduced stress and anxiety, enhanced well-being, and improved overall mental health among this population.I then delved into the specifics of my own research, which involved a longitudinal study of a mindfulness-based intervention program implemented at a large public university in the United States. Over the course of two semesters, a group of students participated in weekly mindfulness meditation sessions, as well as workshops on stress management and healthy coping strategies. The control group received no such intervention.The results of the study were quite remarkable. The students who engaged in the mindfulness program demonstrated significant improvements in their grade point averages, with an average increase of 0.4 points compared to the control group. They also reported lower levels of perceived stress, anxiety, and depression, and higher levels of life satisfaction and academic self-efficacy.One of the key findings from the study was the importance of regular practice and ongoing support. The students who attended the mindfulness sessions most consistently and engaged in daily home practice showed the greatest benefits. This underscores theneed for comprehensive and sustained mindfulness-based interventions, rather than one-off workshops or sporadic practice.During the Q&A session following the lecture, the audience raised a number of insightful questions and challenges. Some were interested in the potential mechanisms underlying the observed effects, such as the role of neuroplasticity and the cultivation of metacognitive awareness. Others questioned the generalizability of the findings, given the specific context of the study and the potential influence of cultural factors.I welcomed these questions and engaged in a lively discussion, acknowledging the limitations of the research and the need for further investigation in this area. I emphasized the importance of continued collaboration and cross-pollination of ideas within the academic community, as we work together to better understand the complex interplay between mindfulness, academic performance, and overall well-being.Throughout the lecture and the subsequent dialogue, I was struck by the deep level of engagement and intellectual curiosity of the audience. The faculty and students at Cambridge demonstrated a genuine interest in the practical applications of mindfulness-based interventions, as well as the theoretical underpinnings of this approach. Their questions and insights pushed me to think morecritically about the implications of my research and the potential avenues for future exploration.One particularly thought-provoking question came from a professor in the Department of Education, who asked about the potential challenges and barriers to implementing mindfulness programs in university settings. She highlighted the importance of addressing issues of accessibility, cultural relevance, and institutional buy-in, in order to ensure the success and sustainability of such initiatives.In response, I discussed the need for a multi-pronged approach that involves collaboration with campus wellness centers, student support services, and faculty members. It is crucial to tailor the mindfulness interventions to the specific needs and cultural contexts of the student population, and to ensure that they are integrated into the broader fabric of the university experience, rather than being seen as an isolated or optional add-on.Additionally, I emphasized the importance of ongoing assessment and evaluation, to continuously refine and improve the programs based on feedback from participants and stakeholders. By adopting a data-driven and iterative approach, we can work to overcome the logistical and attitudinal barriers that often impede the successful implementation of mindfulness-based initiatives in higher education settings.As the lecture drew to a close, I was struck by the sense of shared purpose and enthusiasm that permeated the room. The faculty and students at Cambridge seemed genuinely invested in exploring the potential of mindfulness-based interventions to support student success and well-being. I left the lecture hall feeling inspired and energized, with a renewed commitment to continuing my research and collaborating with this esteemed academic community.In the days and weeks that followed, I received numerous emails and messages from the attendees, expressing their appreciation for the lecture and their interest in exploring potential research collaborations. Several professors invited me to participate in workshops and symposia, and a number of students reached out to inquire about opportunities to get involved in future studies.This experience has been a true highlight of my academic career thus far. The opportunity to share my work with the faculty and students at the University of Cambridge, and to engage in such a rich and stimulating exchange of ideas, has been truly transformative. It has reinforced my belief in the power of mindfulness to positively impact the lives of young people, and has inspired me to continue pushing the boundaries of this field of research.As I reflect on this experience, I am reminded of the importance ofembracing opportunities for growth and learning, even when they may seem daunting or intimidating. The invitation from Professor Williamson was a testament to the value of my work, and the experience of delivering the lecture has only strengthened my conviction and passion for this field. I am grateful for the chance to have shared my research with such a prestigious academic community, and I look forward to the continued collaboration and exchange of ideas that this experience has sparked.。
精读3复习点
Unit 16Take a preliminary vote 事前投票A first-degree murderServe a jail term 服刑Conduct a cross-examination 来回地审问Alleged eyewitness to 目击证人Admit (to) doingGet a proposition to make to sb 提出建议A state of panicTake his chance with sb 与某人碰碰运气Toss and turn 辗转反侧On a charge of sthBe entitled to one’s opinion有权提出意见Lunge at sb 冲向某人Nine to three in favor of guiltyProvoke sb into doing sth 激怒Speak from experienceSpill out 倾出Talk it outAn incredible coincidenceA sweeping remark 过于笼统的说法Biting satire辛辣的讽刺Finishing touches 最后的润色Breeding ground 滋生地Unshakable testimony 无法推翻的证词Criminal court刑事法庭Final verdict 最后的判决Defense counselor 辩护律师Break the tie打破僵局Hang the jury 使陪审团无法一致Obscure the truth模糊真相Offer the alibi不在场证明Recreate the scene 重现场景Capture the tiger抓住老虎Cover one’s blunder 掩盖失误Present the evidence摆出证据Twist the factStamp your foot跺脚Sensitive/sensible: sensitive 敏感的，易生气的be sensitive to ; sensible 明智的，耐用的，理智的Education in the country has reach a point where the survival of institutions of higher learning depend much on overseas students.Unit 12Dead black eyesRest withVenture to do, dare to doHis hogshead of a chest酒桶一般的胸膛Acknowledge one’s defeat承认失败Leave a poor trail 留下很浅的足迹Fight his way through the bushKeep one’s nerve保持镇静The gate snaps shut behind him 砰地一声关上Put distance betweenPlunge along独自狂奔Get a grip on oneself 控制情绪Take stock of the situation审度情况A series of intricate loops复杂的圈After a fashion凑合着Drop to his knees跪倒在地Hurl oneself down扑下来A small automatic pistol 自动手枪A shudder of cold冷得打个颤The agility of an ape猿猴的敏捷But for, withoutHave my wound dressedA lightning-charred tree被闪电烧焦的树The padding sound of feet脚步声Unusual swiftness敏捷Live a year in a minute度分如年Give way 坍塌Cower back向后退An electric torch手电筒The baying of a pack of houndsA wild chance风险大的机会Strain one’s eyes极目远眺Make out辨别看清Rude paths新开辟的小路The lore of the fox hunt捕狐的学问The dodges of the fox狐狸的闪躲A thickly wooded ridge 山脊A zealous hunter狂热的猎人The pent-up air 被憋住的一口气Uncanny power可怕的力量Through his whole being穿过他的全身Protruding boughs伸出的树枝A placid pastime平静的消遣The pointed stakes 尖桩a green expanse of water绿色的水域A beast at bay走投无路的野兽Sip one’s wineBlunder into the swamp误入沼泽Varnish the sky染遍天空Sink into the ooze陷入淤泥Tighten one’s belt勒紧裤腰带Hum a tune哼小曲Shrug one’s shoulders耸肩Strike off from the main road离开大道Postpone the visit延期访问Take the strategic position占据战略点Hold the enemy back阻止前进Narrowly dodge the police, dress the wound after a fashion, turn a deaf ear, commit a crime punishable by death Democratic centralism民主集中制，the imitation diamond ring仿制钻戒Unit 11Immerse in 浸入A vast sea of namesCommonsense reactionState of affairsContending historians 争先恐后的历史学家More or less agree on 大致同意A Cut-and dried matter of 既定事实A matter of personal preferenceLack the abilityIn its broadest senseThe remains of the pastAt best 最多Conclude the quest 结束探索Theory of human motivations and behaviorAmerica’s entry into World War IThe high sea by 公海Under studyA propaganda machine宣传工具Make large loans to 向提供贷款German foreign secretary/minister外交部部长An alliance between联盟To one’s advantageWhat... make of...如何看待使用Make assumptionsIn that 因为Stem from 起因于The key toDifferent levels of cause and effect因果相连的不同环节Be faulted on the grounds that 被质疑Reach the point whereGo beyond the proximate cause近因Let the facts speak for themselvesBe destined toSubmarine warfare 潜艇战A crude theory不成熟的理论Belligerent acts 好战的行为The shore batteries 海岸炮兵The ultimate concern终极关怀A foolproof explanation 万无一失的解释Begin from the premise从前提出发The balance of powerContemplate war 考虑战争Intercept a secret massage 截获机密Of all the factors; a concern over sth; concern oneself with the problem; lend excitement to; in the event of; be kept in the dark 被蒙在鼓里；be irrelevant to ; under study待考究；historical/historicHistorical 历史学的，历史相关的：historical context历史关联historical facts;Historic 历史性的，有历史意义的，古老的: a historic meeting of, historic citiesEconomic/economicalEconomic 经济的：different economic view, economic interest, economic affairsEconomical 节约的：an economical carRestrict/limitRestrict 对自由行动的限制restricted freedom, restricted movementLimit 数量上能力的限制his english is limited, speed limit, limited timeSuppose that (imf) presumed dead (flm)MID-TERMState of affairs 局势To my likingLand us in troubleHigh staff turnover高的人员流动率Feminist writerGet through work=complete; get over with sth terribleGain widely critical acclaim广泛被舆论界称赞unit 9In some respectsRetard one’s growth 阻碍增长Combat communism 打击共产主义Reduce...to...fromAn antidote to 解药Technology complemented politics. 科技与政策一直是好朋友Depart from 背离Sth were nearly 10 times higher than they had been earlier Disregard national borders 忽略国家边界Go on a binge大肆地..Match the amountThe reason lie behind sthMarket intelligence 市场情报Stay abreast of =keep close track ofEconomic instability经济不稳定Be prone to sth有...倾向发生Raise question on both counts 在两方面都发生问题Snowball intoBe projected to/forecast/predictRestore some balance to the world economy恢复世界经济的平衡Relieve fears of a global recession经济萧条Abrupt surges of global capital国际资本激增Genetically modified food GMFShield againstHave more gain than to losea plausible presumption合理的预测-----------------------------------------------------------------A powerful vehicle 有力的工具A trendy word时髦的字眼Capital flow 资本流Bond financing 债券融资Equity investment 产权投资Cross-border mergers and acquisitions跨国兼并与收购Current-account deficit 往来账目赤字Favorable/unfavorable balance of payment收支盈余/赤字Crony capitalism 裙带资本主义Economies of scales 规模经济Component manufacturing零部件生产A scary prospect吓人的前景A powerful backlash强有力的反对Genetically modified crops 转基因作物Lack a common agenda各自关心的问题不同Erode the local culture腐蚀当地文化Seek membership 申请加入Maximize one's presence 极力扩大某人的势力Spread technology 推广技术A double-edged sword双刃剑National sovereignty国家主权A daunting question棘手的问题Trade negotiation贸易协商Economic unification/integration经济一体化Ever-declining costs一直下降的成本Consumer confidenceEconomic forecast经济预测Distinct economic entities独立的经济实体Multilateral institution 多边机构Ensuing financial crisis随之而来的金融危机After adjusting for inflation扣除通胀因素A full-scale economic downturn全面经济下滑Lopsided trade flows 不平衡的贸易流通Boom-bust cycle繁荣衰退的周期Unpredictable consequenceHigh-cost industriesThe OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development经济合作与发展组织A succession of crisis一系列的危机；average per capita income人均收入；fare better有更好的发展；permanent residence-permit system户口filial piety孝道Alien/foreign 奇怪的language只能用foreign、Jealousy is alien to me.Exceed/surpass 超过具体数字用exceed、surpass 宾语常是人A beauty that surpasses description.Consist in(lie in)/consist ofThreat/menace 说出来的是threat The thinning of the ozone layer constitutes a serious threat/menace to human life. 臭氧层稀薄对人类生命活动构成威胁Dead/deadly deadly用于疾病药物等dead有extreme、abrupt之意Unit 8Be gray with ageAn conceivable future 一个可能的未来A view of hazy blue Virginia mountains behind the apple orchardLight-bonded, delicately structuredA fierceness in herIssue an opinionBe fond of boastingIt’s good policy to doA formidable womanBe determined to have her wayHurl herself at life(throw herself at life)The drugstore cowboy无所事事的男孩Look for the silver lining(seek hope)Count her blessing(be grateful)A good pep talkRecharge a flagging spiritForget the fatigue and lonelinessRecapture happinessThe orbits of her mindForever out of touch with herStir her curiosityLift the curtainLecture them on the harshness of lifeGaze at me with an expression of unutterable resignationBe angry with her for sthAncient boresHighly selective memoriesBreak\kick the habitA braided cord of humanity stretching up from time long ago 全人类拧成的一股绳A single journey from diaper to shroud 从生到老的单一旅程-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mend one’s waysConfiscate one’s property没收财产Draw ridicule 招来嘲笑Commit treason 犯叛国罪Dismiss the idea 打消念头Announce\declare bankruptDefy the authority挑战权威Bend the rules 篡改规定Plot murderDiagnose liver cancerComplicate the matter使事情复杂化Recapture one’s childhood 重温童年Interrogate the suspectDisconnect the power切断电源Under tremendous pressure巨大的压力clear the way for a peaceful settlementSth is utterly shocking;resign oneself to the fact that 承认事实clear up this point澄清观点Speak one’s mind 说出心声be accused of evading taxes 逃税utter nonsense 无稽之谈it's customary to do; be likely to do; be on the increase\rise; look upon the brand as a status symbol.The future is to the young; be unanimous in its opinion达成一致argue him back to reality----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.it is an utter waste of money and precious land resources. They must be out of their minds to turn such fertile farmland into golf courts for a few rich people.2.It’s utterly impossible to have complete safety with nuclear waste. Sooner or later some problem will occur. So unless we are ready to accept the inevitable, we must not rush to a decision.3.She was under severe attack throughout the meeting, but she didn’t utter a word. She had decided to hand in her resignatio n right away.4.Many people are lured to go after fancy titles out of vanity, and i am also guilty of this.5.As we were warned in advance, the inflation rate in the first quarter of this year was still on the rise. This amount to a drop in people’ income. But every cloud has a silver lining. Consumption was also on the rise.6.Keep it in mind that we may be able to prevent young people form speaking their mind, but we can’t succeed in making them stop thinking.7.Anybody in his right mind knows that we need both freedom and discipline. We either have both or neither. Therefore students cannot have their way unconditionally.8.She warned those countries in advance way back in the 1990s that if they did not get rid of their economic bubbles, their economies would face a hard landing(面临硬着陆).9.What we have in mind is to buy a house in the suburbs as i loathe the heavy pollution as well as the hustle and bustle of the big city. If because of this i cannot go shopping in Wangfujing every Sunday, that’s just too bad.10.Many people there seem to be indifferent to the coming election. Right now they just hope the dark clouds of war will clear away so that they can live in peace.1.she walked right past me, nose in the air.2.With the wind howling, the rain beating against the windows, i didn’t have a wink of sleep last night.3.The sentry）哨兵）kept watch on the bridge, gun in hand.4.The soldiers left, the house and courtyard cleaned up, the water jars full.5.The new republic ultimately triumphed（胜利）, with the rebellion put down（叛乱平定）, major enemies wiped out, and peace and order established in the country.6.A storm brewing(酝酿), the construction workers decided to call it a day.7.Their three-month training completed, the dogs embarked on the mission of guiding, protecting, and aiding blind people.8.The fire caused heavy casualties（意外事故，伤亡）, twenty-four people killed and several injured.9.Night having fallen and the Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of （悄悄地爬出来）the wooden horse.10.Autumn is beautiful, the corn ripe, apples hanging from the trees, and everything red or yellow, or brown.Unit 6Sell sth at cost 以成本价For the record 郑重声明The Forbidden fruit attraction 禁果效应A divine missionStamp outResolve a problemToo good to be trueCriminal underworld黑社会Lift the prohibition on drugsMake matters worseDeclare a war on drugsIn certain segments of our societyDrug boot campsA social sanction社会认同Project an image塑造形象Lead to a dramatic decline in tobacco usageCrack down hard on usersThe bureau of narcotics 麻药管理局Stiff sanction强硬制裁Vested interest既得利益---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Drug abuse滥用毒品Drug traffic 毒品交易Drug pusher毒品贩子Drug-related crimes and deathsRemove the criminal stigmaLaw enforcement 执法Repeal a lawLaunch a relentless anti-smoking campaign发动一场毫不手软的禁烟运动Kick drug addiction戒除毒瘾Disprove the theoryLaunch a crime wave发起犯罪浪潮Get hooked on alcoholsPump funds into educationBail out the ocean with a teaspoon力不从心Miss the boat没有抓住问题的要害Underestimate the seriousness of the consequence低估后果Confiscate property没收财产Dwarf the previous achievements使已有的财产相形见绌Undercut the price压价出售Deglamorize cigarettesTake more repressive measures采取更加压制的措施Go aroundThrow in 10 million投入Residential registration system户口登记Draw strong resentment fromPull oneself together使振作起来Talk lightheartedlyRegain confidence in oneself-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.we all know that cocaine is addictive. So is heroin. But actually power and money are addictive too. Those who get addicted to them are really very sick people.2.Scientists have been advocating returning reclaimed land to rivers, lakes, marshes and meadows.3.According to many economists, it’s not always a good idea for the government to bail out financially insolvent companies. Sometimes, a company on the verge of bankruptcy is better allowed to go bankrupt.4.He has been caught red-headed. There is indisputable evidence that a whole chapter of his book was bodily lifted from a book written by another professor.5.Their government long since passed a law to ban the import and export of rare species of bird and animals. But the law is not easy to enforce.6.It’s hard to make young people believe nowadays that there was a time when Chinese women were banned from wearing skirts. Jeans, foreign movies and Western music were all forbidden.7.In the darkness our ship hit a hidden rock, which left a gaping hole in the bottom. We all tried desperately to bail out the water, but the boat was sinking fast. Luckily a fishing boat was nearby and saved us from drowning.8.The demonstrators(示威者) demanded that economic sanctions be lifted immediately because they usually only hurt ordinary, innocent people.9.At the meeting, both the advocates and opponents gave strong arguments, but most participants favored having future reforms placed on the agenda immediately.Unit 5White clouds of bloom drifted above the green fieldsSet up a blaze of colorThe flood of migrantsFlocks of chickensChorus of scores of bird voicesSilence the rebirth of new lifeUnderground streamsIn a chain of poisoning and deathThe impetuous pace of man\the deliberate pace of natureTampering with natureWar against natureA flare back 卷土重来Poisonous and biologically potent chemicalsWithout one’s consent and knowledgeThe integrity of the natural world---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mold their think patterns塑造思维模式Restrain one’s impulse克制冲动Spread butter 涂上黄油Set the stage搭好舞台Contaminate the environment污染环境Undergo great sufferingSpray paint喷油漆Still the noiseModify the tone缓和语气Work unknown harm造成未曾见过的伤害Sink a well挖一口井Acquire power获得权力Desert one’s friendsSettle the dispute解决争端Delight one’s eye赏心悦目Invade the countryEvil spell邪恶的咒语Browned and withered vegetation枯黄的草木Harsh reality严峻的现实Air contamination空气污染Lethal weapons致命武器Synthetic materials人工合成的材料An inventive mind有创造力的头脑Brand namesAdvanced investigation事先调查A life-and-death struggle生死斗争Introduced species外来物种Nature reserves 自然保护区intensification of agriculture农业集约化Be faced with a great dilemma; Low-income families; cancel the performance; an unusual long hot spell 一段时间in ten-dollar bills 纸币settle scores with someone 解决宿怨scores of movies 许多be directed at 针对food additives 食品添加剂demonstrate considerable self-control; out-of-way places 偏远地区a six-fold increase 六倍的增长come to terms with the environment 与自然和解take refuge in ignorance-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.building a house is no joking matter. You have to check carefully at every step.2.His troops successfully checked the advance of the enemy whose original intention was to make a surprise attack.3.I really wanted to refute his argument, but i checked myself because i thought it was not the right occasion.4.Rachel Carson is famous for devoting all her life to the cause of environmental protection.5.In some ways we are still ignorant of the potential harm of these dams and reservoirs(水库). they might cause irrevocable changes in the environment.6.There must be a set of checks and balances so that no important policy concerning national interests can be made by one person without the consent and knowledge of the people.7.To compete successfully we have to adjust to new conditions. These colorful garments, for example, are specially designed. They are intended for the youth market.8.We teachers could not be excused for our lack of concern for students’ health.9.He said that he would rather die than be confined to bed all his life and isolated from the outside world.10.A mass protest swept the country and he was caught in a crossfire from both the right and the left.Unit 4Filled up withStroll through 漫步Throw sharp questions at himA few handfuls of water scooped from the springA rough wooden cupProvide for his familyHis hollowed handsScant thanks敷衍的感谢A mischievous pebbleA shower of stones and abuseLive without conventionsEscape complexities and extravagancesMake sb sick with anxietyIn order to procure a quantity of false, perishable goodsA war scare 对战争的恐慌A crowd of tottering drunksNobly restrained and chivalrous 骑士风度A military automaton 机器An Air of destiny决定未来的气势Guffaw and nudge one otherScratch each other’s backs----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publish or perishMake rmb convertible使人民币可兑换Seek the truth寻找真理Discard conventions抛弃习俗Satirize people’s vanity and extravagance讽刺虚荣与奢侈Ruin one’s reputation毁掉名声Neglected fortifications年久失修的防御工事A squatter’s hut临时占用的小棚A storage jar储物缸A hermit’s cave隐士住的山洞A fiery glance咄咄逼人的眼光Seek employment with him找他提供工作Call upon him to hand over his powerIn proportion to按...的比例Restrict himself to three cigarettesEmpty promiseThe bark of the tree 树皮drill a deep hole钻孔nuclear waste disposal 核废料处理sharp wits敏锐的智慧an elaborate banquet 精心准备的宴会----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.only in this way can we give a reasonable account of his strange behavior.2.She claims to possess a magic power--the power to cure disease simply by the touch of her hand.3.He appointed five people to handle the case. They formed a strong team. Within days they found in his possession rolls of euros, US dollars and large quantities of valuables the source of which the suspect couldn’t account for.4.In the story, this evil spirit often appears in the form of a pretty young lady.5.He rolled up the painting and said that he wouldn’t part with it for less than a million dollars.6.Of all the qualified judges, i don’t know why she was appointed to the Supreme Court.7.I don’t know enough to form an elaborate theory, but i’m sure that poverty alone cannot account for the increase of the crime rate.8.A big stone suddenly rolled down the hill, so big that it smashed a the truck to pieces.9.I said that we must roll up our sleeves and start working, but he just rolled his eyes philosophically and smiled.10.In the ancient time, our philosophers believed that a good king should be to the people as a good father is to hischildren. He must never treat them cruelly on any account.Unit 3A Japanese vase of paper daffodilsFeel the shock ofStrike a matchRaise her veil and unbuttoned her high fur collarEcho her wordsDraw a long, soft breathAn absurd sceneLinger over the last wordDreamy vagueness and indecision 梦游似的迷糊和优柔寡断The air of a manSlumber within her bosomRipple against the banks in silentMournful loversA hint of mockerySnap the cigarette case toDraw down her veilScrape his chair on the floorBe wrapped up in oneself-------------------------------------------------------------------------------1, decorate a room 9, ripple in the breeze2, be my haunting memory 10, hover over the trees3, take a deep breath 11, a bond between brothers4, give a hint 12, a carpet for you to walk on5, stretch one’s neck 13, snap the door to6, drift on the river 14, be serious out of proportion to the occasion7, let it go at that 不再深究15, go for a picnic8, prick up its ears 16,put one’s arms round herSet out 出发pay lip service to the idea 开空口支票back out 退出be borne out(bear out) 被证实---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1, They all stretched their necks to see what was happening, as if pulled by an invisible string.2， We got out of the car to stretch a little. In front of us was a beautiful stretch of open land.3， They talked for hours at a stretch , but they still failed to settle their differences.4， For all the warm weather, fresh air and delicious food, her health still did not recover.5， One glance at the car, he knew that it was beyond repair, he liked ahead and found the desert. He knew he was stuck in a terrible fix.6， Wu song swung his stick at the tiger with all his strength. But the stick snapped and the tiger was unharmed. In hi s panic, he had hit the tree nearby.7， I am terribly fond of the pictures you snapped in Russia, especially the one showing Russian coachman sitting by the Black Sea with his supper in a cloth on his knees.8----“you cannot just let it go at that.” I tried to plead with him. ----“it is none of your business.” He snapped. 9, He snapped his briefcase to, stood up and said, “Then, it is all settled.”10He was standing in front of his house on a hill, only about a hundred meters away from the wharf when the tsuna mi（海啸） came.1, The hungry boy wolfed down the leftover corn bread as though it was his favourite king prawns.2,What remains in his mind of his high school days is nothing but endless rounds of tests and exams.3, he doesn’t think the resolution is in a accord with the purpose of the organization. That is why I voted as I did. 4, He doesn’t understand what it is that makes his grandson so crazy about microblogging.5, I still remember the details about the incident as though it was yesterday.6, What remained of her home after the tornado was the land the house was built on.7, That’s why he behaved as he did when he witnessed the car crash this morning.8, They are trying to figure out what it was that turned one of the twin brothers into a criminal, the other an excellen t policeman.9, When he found a particularly strong rice plant he was happy as though he had discovered a gold mine.10,Now that he’s quite well-off, he has decided to get in touch with what remains of his family.。
毕业纪念册的英语
毕业纪念册的英语一、单词1. graduate- 英[ˈɡrædʒuət]；美[ˈɡrædʒuˌet]- 用法：可作名词，表示“毕业生”；也可作动词，表示“毕业，授予学位”。
- 双语例句：- He is a recent graduate.（他是一名刚毕业的学生。
）- She will graduate from college next year.（她明年将从大学毕业。
）2. memory- 英[ˈmeməri]；美[ˈmɛməri]- 用法：名词，意为“记忆，回忆；记忆力”。
- 双语例句：- This photo brings back many good memories.（这张照片唤起了许多美好的回忆。
）- She has a good memory for names.（她对名字有很好的记忆力。
）3. farewell- 英[ˌfeəˈwel]；美[ˌferˈwel]- 用法：可作名词或感叹词，表示“告别，欢送会”或用于告别时的用语。
- 双语例句：- We held a farewell party for him.（我们为他举办了一个欢送会。
）- Farewell! I hope we meet again soon.（再见！我希望我们很快再见面。
）4. cherish- 英[ˈtʃerɪʃ]；美[ˈtʃɛrɪʃ]- 用法：动词，意为“珍惜，珍视”。
- 双语例句：- We should cherish our friendship.（我们应该珍惜我们的友谊。
）- She cherishes the memories of her school days.（她珍视她学生时代的回忆。
）5. reminisce- 英[ˌremɪˈnɪs]；美[ˌrɛməˈnɪs]- 用法：动词，意为“回忆，追忆”，常与about/of搭配。
- 双语例句：- Old friends like to reminisce about their youth.（老朋友们喜欢回忆他们的青年时代。
大学英语视听说3听力原文翻译Unit 6
后三篇是原百度翻译，并没有改过，脑子已炸，自己多担待吧。
Unit 6II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptM: Did you pick up the paper for me today? I really want to check the job vacancies. W: I know, it‟s over there. There‟s not much happen though. I‟ve had a look already.Maybe you should look on the Net instead.Q: What is the man looking for?C) A job vacancy.男：你帮我拿了今天的报纸吗？我真的想要查看职位空缺。
W：我知道，就在那边。
没有太多，我已经看过了。
也许你应该在网上看看。
问：什么是这个男人所寻找的？2.ScriptM: You don‟t have enough experience or qualifications for this role. What makes you believe you could handle the position?W: I‟m a fast learner and enjoy learning on the job. My natural skills lie in this area, and I‟m confident that I could handle the challenge. Given a chance, I would prove myself.Q: What is the woman saying?D) She is quite to learn.男：你没有足够的经验或资历扮演这个角色。
什么使你相信你能把握好她？W：我学得很快并且喜欢在工作中学习。
合肥168中高三10月月考英语试卷及答案
2019年合肥一六八中学高三第二次段考英语试卷温馨提示：36-40题写在答题卷上；完形填空题从第41题开始涂在答题卡上本试卷满分150分，用时120分钟。
分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力 (共两节, 满分30分)做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.18.C. ￡9.15.答案是C。
1.What do we know about the man’s watch?A. It’s five minutes fast.B. It’s five minutes slow.C. It’s twenty minutes fast.2.Where is the man going?A.To a supermarket.B. To the woman’s.C. To a park.3.What is Mary’s mother’s job?A. A nurse.B. A teacher.C. An engineer.4.Who likes blue coats?A. The woman.B. The woman’s mother.C. John.5. What will Mr. Smith do with the owner of a hotel?A. He may repair it and turn it into a hotel.B. He may pull it down and build a hotel.C. He may sell it to the owner of a hotel.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
学术英语(第二版)综合教师手册unit3
Unit 3 Business EthicsI Teaching ObjectivesAfter learning Unit 3, students (Ss) are expected to develop the following academic skills and knowledge:II Teaching Activities and ResourcesReadingText ALead-inTeaching StepsAsk Ss to work in groups and complete the task in Lead-in. Then choose some groups to share their answers with the whole class.Answer Keys (Suggested Answers)1.Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be defined as a self-regulatingbusiness model that helps a company be socially accountable —to itself, its stakeholders, and the public. In other words, it is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large.2.Text AnalysisTeaching Steps1.OverviewAsk Ss to preview Text A before class. Or, allocate some time for Ss to read the text quickly in class. Then invite several Ss to summarize the main idea of Text A.2.In-Depth Analysis1)Show Ss the following words and ask them to contribute to the class as muchas possible with what they know about these words. Provide additional information in Supplementary Information when necessary.•economic system•free enterprise2)Explain some important language points in Language Support to Ss.3)Discuss with Ss the features of the two versions of Adam Smith’s theory bydoing Task 1 in Critical reading and thinking.4)Organize a group discussion about the questions from Task 2 in Criticalreading and thinking. Encourage Ss to think independently, critically and creatively and share their ideas with each other.Supplementary Information1.economic systemAn economic system is a system for producing, distributing and consuming goods and services, including the combination of the various institutions, agencies, consumers, entities that comprise the economic structure of a given society or community. It also includes how these various agencies and institutions are linked to one another, how information goes between them, and the social relations within the system.Two of the basic and general economic systems are market economy and planned economy. Market economy is an economic system in which businesses and individuals decide what to produce and buy, and the market determines quantities sold and prices, whereas planned economy is an economic system in which decisions regarding production and investment are embodied in a plan formulated by a central authority, usually by a public body such as a government agency.Although a planned economy may be based on either centralized or decentralized forms of economic planning, it usually refers to a centrally planned economy.2.free enterpriseFree enterprise refers to the system of business in which individuals are free to decide what to produce, how to produce, and at what price to sell.Language Support1.Most academics today subscribe to the following modified version of AdamSmith’s theory:…(Para. 2)In the text, the phrase “subscribe to”means “agreeing with or supporting (an opinion, theory, etc.)”（同意；赞成）.e.g. I subscribe to the idea that voting is my civic duty.She subscribes to the theory that some dinosaurs were warm-blooded andothers were cold-blooded.It can also refer to “paying money to get (a publication or service) regularly”（订阅）.e.g. I subscribe to several magazines.We have subscribed to an evening newspaper.2.These constraints take a number of different forms. …Another set ofconstraints …(Para. 3)Two recent examples dramatically illustrate these points. First, …(Para. 3) Classification is employed to organize things into categories with a single organizing principle, and give examples of things that fit into each category. Here are other commonly-used words and expressions for classification:•The first (kind/type/group/class/etc.) …; the second …; the third …•sort, classify, categorize …•category, group, class, kind …3.Saving the financial system required a bailout of the banks and otherfinancial companies, and that bailout imposed huge costs on the taxpayers, and also helped push the economy into a deep recession. (Para. 5)impose sth. on sb.:i) force something on someone把......强加于e.g. He always imposes his opinion on others.ii) levy a tax or duty征税e.g. It is therefore necessary for governments to impose a higher tax on this kindof food.Here is another usage of the word “impose”:impose on sb.:i) force oneself on others强加于人e.g. Thanks for your offer to help, but I did not want to impose on you.ii) take unfair advantage of 利用e.g. Don’t you think you are imposing on your neighbor when you use histelephone for half an hour?4.be true to one’He is always true to his word and focused on the big picture.Ninety days later, true to his word, the goldsmith brought the crown.5.To date, Buffett has contributed more than $6 billion, and over time he isscheduled to contribute additional stock that is now worth in excess of $40 billion. (Para. 7)in excess of: greater than, more than 超过e.g. Luggage in excess of 100 kg will be charged extra.This plane can reach speeds in excess of 1000 kilometers an hour.Answer KeysCritical reading and thinkingTask 1 / Overview1The original version：The invisible hand; Profit maximization; Free enterprise systemThe modified version:the wealth of its stockholders; the best economic system; constraints2Argument 11) a wide range of regulations are imposed2) assessing costs on companies; BP oil spillArgument 21) behave ethically; value and reputation2) Don’t Be Evil3) creative capitalism4) contributed more than $6 billionTask 2 / Points for discussion (Suggested Answers)11) Yes, I agree. Because:• Earning profit is the main aim of every economic activity. A business is an economic activity and hence, its main aim should be to earn profit.• Profit is a measure of eff iciency and economic prosperity of the business. This justifies the concept of profit maximization.• Economic conditions do not remain the same all the time. A business can retain its profit so that it can survive the adverse situations in the future. Profit gives protection against future risks and uncertainties.• Profit is the main source of finance for growth and expansion. Profit is essential for the business in order to invest in new business propositions.• Profitability is essential for fulfilling the social goals of the business. With profit maximization a business can do socio-economic welfare and follow its policies of corporate social responsibility.2) No, I don’t agree. Because:Business should do anything they can to make a profit, but never at the cost of human welfare and natural environment. Human welfare must be considered as important as profit making. A business is successful to the extent that it provides a product that contributes to happiness in all forms. As a matter of fact, the great value of a business should be morally associated with consumer’s satisfaction and safety. On the other hand, businesses of great value should not be blind to their moral obligations of protecting the natural environment.2 Yes, it is a very effective way for society to impose such regulations to prevent companies from engaging in practices that hurt society. For most businesses their ultimate goal is to make profits. It is true that most businessmen try to abide by the laws while making profits. However we have to admit that there are some who use every means to make as much money as possible, even regardless of the interests ofemployees, communities, and environment. Therefore, the regulations such as penalties and suspension for internal rectification should be imposed to deter companies from unlawful practices.3 Yes, having a good reputation with customers, suppliers, employees and regulators is essential if value is to be maximized. Business success is associated with many entities, such as customers, suppliers, employees and regulators. If customers are satisfied with your products and service, they will be loyal to your company. If suppliers provide you with qualified products, your business will operate well. If employees are treated well, they will work very hard and are willing to be part of your company. If regulators are certain that your company acts fairly and follows rules, your company will develop sustainably. All above depends on whether the business is continually operating with society’s interests in mind and maintaining a good reputation.Language building-upAnswer keysTask 1 / Specialized vocabulary11 纳税人2 自由企业制度3 股东4 经济体制5 市场力量；市场调节作用6 金融机构7 stock price 8 mission9 corporate motto 10 assets11 profit maximization 12 financial system21 financial institutions2 free enterprise system3 assets4 Taxpayers5 stockholder6 profit maximization7 economic system 8 market forcesTask 2 / Academic vocabulary1. principal2. dramatically3. academics4. maximization5. framework6. range7. compensate 8. transfer9. inadequate 10. constraintsTask 3 / Collocations1. subscribe to2. striving to3. imposing …on4. go out of business5. as a whole6. engaged in7. go hand in hand with 8. in excess ofTask 4 / Formal English1 insights2 subscribe to3 imposes4 adverse5 mission6 philanthropic7 donated 8 famedTranslation of Text A达到适当的平衡在1776年，亚当·斯密描述了一只“看不见的手”是如何引导企业追求利润的，而这只手会引导企业做出有利于社会的决策。
全新版大学英语综合教程2unit6课件
Feminism
In the 1960s feminism (=the belief that women and men are equal in abilities and should have equal rights and opportunities) became the subject of intense debate when the women’s liberation movement encouraged women to reject their traditional supporting role and to demand equal status and equal rights with men in areas such as employment and pay. Since then the gender gap between the sexes has been reduced. However, the battle between feminist and traditional views of a woman’s role continues. It is widely accepted by younger people that women should, if they wish, be allowed to develop their careers and not give up work when they have a family.
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bridge, Roebling positioned the road deck 36.6m (120ft) above the water. Stone towers, which rose to a height of 84.3m (276.5ft), made this high roadway possible and made the bridge the tallest structure in New York at its completion. The span from tower to tower of just over 486m (1,595ft) and the span between cable anchors of 1,054m (3,456ft) constituted a remarkable achievement. The Brooklyn Bridge in New York City perhaps best demonstrates the scale of building made possible by the rapid expansion of American industry and by American ambition. The expression selling the Brooklyn Bridge to somebody means tricking somebody in a deal.
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册unit6A教案
Unit 6 Section A Door closer, are you?关门者”，你是吗？1 The next time you're deciding between rival options, one which is primary and the other which is secondary, ask yourself this question: What would Xiang Yu do?1 下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时，不妨问自己这样一个问题：项羽会怎么做？1 The next time you’re deciding between rival options, one which is primary and the other which is secondary, ask yourself this question: What would Xiang Yu do? (Para. 1)Meaning: The next time when you are to make a choice between two competing options, you have to distinguish which is the primary one and which is the minor one. To be enlightened, you can ask yourself what option Xiang Yu would choose.Meaning beyond words: It suggests that Xiang Yu was a wonderful decision-maker. Note: The phrase rival options means that both options seem like good choices, but one choice is somewhat better than the other. In this case, it is the one that Xiang Yu chose to implement.2 Xiang Yu was a Chinese imperial general in the third century BC who took his troops across the Zhang River on a raid into enemy territory. To his troops' astonishment, he ordered their cooking pots crushed and their sailing ships burned.2 项羽是公元前三世纪中国古代王朝的一位将军。
教师节手抄报英文版内容
教师节手抄报英文版内容一、单词1. teacher（教师）- 用法：可数名词，可用于单数形式“a teacher”或复数形式“teachers”。
- 双语例句：My teacher is very kind.（我的老师非常和蔼。
）2. education（教育）- 用法：不可数名词。
- 双语例句：Education is important for everyone.（教育对每个人都很重要。
）3. inspire（激励，鼓舞）- 用法：及物动词，inspire sb. to do sth.（激励某人做某事）。
- 双语例句：The teacher inspired us to study hard.（老师激励我们努力学习。
）4. knowledge（知识）- 用法：不可数名词。
- 双语例句：Teachers impart knowledge to students.（教师向学生传授知识。
）5. dedicate（奉献，献身）- 用法：dedicate oneself to sth./doing sth.（致力于某事/做某事）。
- 双语例句：Many teachers dedicate themselves to education.（许多教师献身于教育事业。
）6. mentor（导师，指导者）- 用法：可数名词。
- 双语例句：My teacher is my mentor in life.（我的老师是我生活中的导师。
）7. guidance（指导，引导）- 用法：不可数名词。
- 双语例句：We need the teacher's guidance.（我们需要老师的指导。
）8. classroom（教室）- 用法：可数名词。
- 双语例句：The classroom is clean and bright.（教室干净又明亮。
）9. lecture（讲课，讲座）- 用法：可数名词或动词。
作动词时，lecture sb. about/on sth.（就某事训斥某人）。
lecture_3
How Hash Codes Are Broken
• ‘Brute Force’ is the most common type of Hash attack. Using this methodology an attacker will generate hashes for numerous potential passwords. • The hashes generated are compared with those in the password database and any matches will reveal the password for the user in question. • Modern computer hardware can generate MD5 and SHA-1 hashes very quickly - in some cases at rates of thousands per second. • Hashes can be generated for every word in an entire dictionary (possibly including alpha-numeric variants) well in advance of an attack. • Making your password longer and more complex greatly reduces your chance of having your password cracked, by simply adding a few numbers and symbols. • In other words, if you use a common (dictionary) word for your 6 password, its hash is probably known by some attacker somewhere
英语作文印象最深刻的校园
英语作文印象最深刻的校园The campus of my university is a place that has left a lasting impression on me. From the moment I first stepped onto the grounds, I was captivated by the vibrant energy and rich history that permeated every corner. As I navigated the winding pathways and explored the various buildings, I couldn't help but feel a sense of wonder and curiosity about the experiences that had unfolded here before me.One of the most striking features of the campus is its architectural diversity. The campus is a harmonious blend of old and new, with historic buildings standing alongside modern structures. The grand, stately edifices of the main administrative buildings exude a sense of tradition and academic excellence, while the sleek, contemporary design of the newer academic and research facilities reflect the university's commitment to innovation and progress.As I wandered through the campus, I was struck by the attention to detail that had gone into the design of the various spaces. The well-manicured gardens and lush greenery provided a serene oasisamidst the bustling activity, and the thoughtfully placed benches and seating areas encouraged students to pause, reflect, and connect with one another. The campus was not merely a functional space, but a place that had been carefully crafted to foster a sense of community and well-being.One of the most memorable experiences I had on campus was attending a lecture in the university's historic lecture hall. As I stepped through the ornate wooden doors and into the grand, tiered auditorium, I was immediately struck by the sense of history and tradition that permeated the space. The high ceilings, intricate woodwork, and stained-glass windows created an atmosphere of intellectual gravity, and I couldn't help but feel a sense of reverence for the generations of scholars who had sat in these very seats before me.The lecture itself was a thought-provoking and engaging exploration of a complex topic, and the professor's passion and expertise were evident in every word. As I listened, I found myself transported, my mind expanding to grapple with the intricacies of the subject matter. The experience was not merely an academic exercise, but a profound and transformative journey of the mind.Another aspect of the campus that left a lasting impression on me was the vibrant student life. From the bustling student union to thecountless clubs and organizations, the campus was a hub of activity and engagement. I was particularly struck by the diversity of the student body, with individuals from all walks of life coming together to share their unique perspectives and experiences.One event that particularly stood out to me was the annual cultural festival, where students from various backgrounds showcased their traditions, customs, and cuisines. As I wandered through the colorful displays and sampled the mouthwatering dishes, I was struck by the richness and complexity of the human experience. The event was not merely a celebration of diversity, but a testament to the power of community and the shared humanity that binds us all together.Throughout my time on campus, I was also inspired by the university's commitment to sustainability and environmental stewardship. The campus boasted numerous initiatives aimed at reducing its carbon footprint, from solar panels and energy-efficient buildings to comprehensive recycling programs. These efforts not only reflected the institution's values but also served as a powerful example of the positive impact that individuals and organizations can have on the world around them.As I reflect on my time on campus, I am struck by the profound impact that this place has had on my personal and intellectual growth. The campus has been a crucible of learning, a hub ofcreativity and innovation, and a sanctuary of community and belonging. It has challenged me to think critically, to engage with diverse perspectives, and to strive for a more just and sustainable future.In many ways, the campus has become a second home to me, a place where I have forged lifelong friendships, discovered new passions, and pushed the boundaries of my own understanding. It is a place that has left an indelible mark on my soul, a place that will continue to shape and inspire me long after I have left its hallowed halls.As I prepare to embark on the next chapter of my life, I know that the lessons and experiences I have gained on this campus will continue to guide and sustain me. The memories I have made here will forever be a part of who I am, a testament to the transformative power of education and the enduring spirit of the human experience.。
新编第二版新视野大学英语第三册unit3第三单元sectionA
To be continued
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The core philosophy of Hyde Leadership is that each individual is gifted with unique potential that defines a destiny. The unique potential is developed through a characterbased curriculum that stresses a studentparent-teacher partnership and creates a family-school bond.
Give a man a fish, and you feed him for the day. 授人以鱼，当日满足。 Teach him how to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime. 授人以渔，受益一生。
In-Class
Are you satisfied with the educational situation in China? What kind of improvements should be done?
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Our Five Words are what we believe define character: Leadership - I am a leader through asking the best of myself and the best of others. Integrity - I am gifted with a unique potential and conscience as my guide to discovering it. Curiosity - I am responsible for my own learning. Courage - I learn the most by facing challenges and taking risks. Concern - I need a challenging and supportive community in which to develop my character.
专业八级模拟618
专业八级模拟618(总分：157.05，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTURE(总题数：1，分数：40.00)British Educational SystemⅠ. Primary and secondary education in Britain1)Children go to primary school at the age of 1 .2)Students attend secondary school until age sixteen.3)Students enter higher education at the age of eighteen.Ⅱ. Higher education in Britain1)In England and Wales:— 2 for universities: through the UCCA— 3 structured with a fixed program of classes—Classes:a. Classes offered in the UK are on a(n) 4 basis increasingly;b. More emphasis is placed on 5 study;c. Students write more 6 and take fewer objective tests;d. Classes often take the following forms: 7 , tutorials, seminars.2) 8 :—A variety of tertiary level options are available:a. The colleges of further education provide vocational and 9 education;b. Central institutions don"t directly validate degrees, but many have close ties to 10 ;c. The standard university degree is a four-year 11 .3. 12 between the US and the UK higher education1)Grading:—In the UK, 13 are the most common form of study assessment;—The US professors grade 14 than the UK professors.2)Course levels:—Basic courses are not 15 at UK universities.British Educational SystemⅠ. Primary and secondary education in Britain1)Children go to primary school at the age of 1 .2)Students attend secondary school until age sixteen.3)Students enter higher education at the age of eighteen.Ⅱ. Higher educat ion in Britain1)In England and Wales:— 2 for universities: through the UCCA— 3 structured with a fixed program of classes—Classes:a. Classes offered in the UK are on a(n) 4 basis increasingly;b. More emphasis is placed on 5 study;c. Students write more 6 and take fewer objective tests;d. Classes often take the following forms: 7 , tutorials, seminars.2) 8 :—A variety of tertiary level options are available:a. The colleges of further education provide vocational and 9 education;b. Central institutions don"t directly validate degrees, but many have close ties to 10 ;c. The standard university degree is a four-year 11 .3. 12 between the US and the UK higher education1)Grading:—In the UK, 13 are the most common form of study assessment;—The US professors grade 14 than the UK professors.2)Course levels:—Basic courses are not 15 at UK universities.（分数：40.05）解析：five [听力原文]British Educational SystemToday I"ll talk about the British educational system, including the primary and secondary education and the higher education in Britain. Meanwhile, I"ll try to make a comparison between the US and the UK higher education.First, I"ll briefly introduce the primary and secondary education in Britain. In England and Wales, students study in primary school from age five until eleven. They attend secondary school until age sixteen. Before graduating, students usually take seven comprehensive exams, called the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exams. After passing the GCSE exams, students choose to study two to four subjects intensely for the GCE Advanced Level exams, called "A levels". At eighteen, they enter higher education to focus on a particular subject, called a "course". Now let"s move on to the higher education in Britain. First, I"ll talk about the general practices in England and Wales, and then the general practices in Scotland.In England and Wales, prospective university students apply for places through the Universities Central Council on Admissions (UCCA). Students do not apply directly to the universities themselves. Successful candidates are admitted directly into a specific degree "course". A degree course normally takes three or four years to complete. At most universities students study only one major subject. Each course is structured with a fixed program of classes for the entire three years. Increasingly, universities in the United Kingdom are offering classes on a modular basis, which allows students to broaden their studies creating a more interdisciplinary program. This modularization, however, has not replaced the traditional British degree course with the American concept of credit accumulation. In addition, there is generally a sharp distinction between the arts and sciences and there is seldom any cross-over between the two.At a British university, more emphasis is placed on independent, self-directed study than in the United States. Required texts and definite reading assignments are less common. More typically, an extensive reading list covering all topics to be discussed is distributed at the start of the course to be used for independent research. British students typically consult a large number of sources from the library rather than intensively studying a few books purchased by everyone taking a course. In addition, students are required to write more essays and take fewer objective tests than at US institutions. Classes often take the following forms: lectures, which are sometimes completely optional; tutorials, in which a small number of students meet with the lecturer; and seminars, larger discussion classes often based upon seminar essays. Unlike the US system of regular testing in a course, British students sit for final examinations that cover the full year"s work and determine the grades for the class. With the growth of modularization, however, there has also been an increase in the number and variety of modules offered on a semester basis.In Scotland, there are a variety of tertiary level options available for students, the mostimportant of which are the colleges of further education, the central institutions, teachers colleges and the universities. The colleges of further education provide vocational and technical education, and enroll more students than all other tertiary institutions combined. Central institutions provide courses leading to the Higher National Diploma (HND), bachelor"s degrees and some specialized master"s degrees. These institutions do not have the authority to directly validate degrees and tend to offer a narrower range of subjects than the universities. Many have close ties to local businesses, offering cooperative work experiences that provide students a period of practical training.Scottish universities are quite distinct from their British counterparts. In fact, they more closely resemble European or American universities. The standard Scottish university degree is a four-year Honors degree (BA Hons). Students are rarely admitted directly to a degree "course". Usually they are admitted to a faculty or simply admitted to the university as a whole. Scottish university students begin with a broad-based program during the first year and choose a specialization after the second or even the third year. Students may also elect to complete a three-year Ordinary degree. This is a broad-based degree that (unlike in England) does not represent a "failed" Honors degree.Next, let"s compare the US and the UK higher education from two aspects, namely, grading and course levels.First, about the grading. In the UK, assessment methods vary by institution and tend to reflect the UK teaching method and style. Written examinations, which are held at the end of a year or, in some cases, in the final undergraduate year only are the most common form of study assessment. There is no official method of equating British and American educational qualifications. The educational systems are very different and attempts to compare them must be done on a strictly provisional basis. Many US institutions have already developed systems of assessing their study abroad students or equating British grades to US grades.Professors at UK institutions grade more strictly than their counterparts in the United States. As a result, American students studying in the UK often perceive that they have performed poorly in their classes, when they have not. Grades are given as percentages rather than letter grades. Forty percent is the minimum passing grade and high percentages are rarely awarded. A grade of seventy percent or higher is considered "with distinction". In general, percentages increase from forty rather than decrease from 100 percent, as they do in the United States.Second, about the course levels. A typical British course load will vary from 3 to 6 modules or classes per term. Most students take 4 to 5 modules per term. The number of hours in class per week will vary by institution. Students should note that General education or basic courses are not as common at UK universities because they have already been covered at the GCSE level. Many faculties assume that a student has a basic understanding of the concepts that will be addressed in the course. For this reason, it is common for third-year American students to take first-year and second-year courses at a UK university.With this, we"re coming to the end of today"s lecture. Next time, we"ll talk about university degrees.[考点] 本题考查重要细节。
学术报告厅英语作文模板
学术报告厅英语作文模板英文回答：Academic Lecture Hall Template。
The academic lecture hall is an essential component of any educational institution. It provides a space for students to learn, professors to teach, and guests to present their research. An academic lecture hall should be designed to promote learning and create an engaging environment for all.Key Features of an Academic Lecture Hall:Seating: The seating should be comfortable and arranged in a way that allows students to clearly see the presenter.Lighting: The lighting should be bright enough to allow students to read and take notes, but not so bright asto be distracting.Acoustics: The acoustics should be clear and free of echo, so that students can easily hear the presenter.Technology: The lecture hall should be equipped with modern technology, such as a projector, sound system, and computer, to support presentations.Ventilation: The lecture hall should be well-ventilated to keep the air fresh and comfortable.Factors to Consider When Designing an Academic Lecture Hall:Capacity: The capacity of the lecture hall should be based on the size of the student population and the frequency of use.Location: The lecture hall should be located in a convenient and accessible area.Flexibility: The lecture hall should be designed to accommodate a variety of teaching styles and presentation formats.Cost: The cost of construction and maintenance should be considered when designing an academic lecture hall.By carefully considering these factors, it is possible to create an academic lecture hall that meets the needs of students, professors, and guests.中文回答：学术报告厅设计模板。
大学体验英语第三册第2单元(第1部分听说)
Third tБайду номын сангаасme
The received by each committee are then evaluated Eachnominations year the respective Nobel Committees send 1)__________ to with the helpof of 5)________________________. When the thousands scientists, members of academies andcommittees university have presented their recommendations to to the prize-awarding professors 2)_______________, asking them nominate (提名) institutions, a 6)_____ is taken for the final choice of Laureates (获奖 candidates for the Nobel Prizes for the coming year. 者). The choice of that year’s Laureates is announced immediately after the vote in October each year. must 3)______ the respective Nobel These prize nominations Committees of the institutions before February 1 at of the The prizes are prize-awarding awarded at the Prize Awarding Ceremony Concert in Stockholm, Sweden, on December 10 (the Anniversary year for Hall which the nomination is being made. The prize-awarding of Alfred Nobel’s At theand Prize Award Ceremony Stockholm, 4)__________ fordeath). the Physics Chemistry awards isin the Swedish the King of ofSciences. Sweden hands each Laureate a 7)________ and a Academy 8)______. The Ceremony 9)_____________ a banquet at the Stockholm City Hall for about 1 300 people, 10)_________ 250 students.
新视野大学英语读写教程第三册Unit_6_Section_A教案讲解
Unit 6 Section A How to Prepare for EarthquakeI. Background information1. The 1906 San Francisco EarthquakeAt 5:13 on the morning of April 18th, 1906, the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake. A large part of the city was destroyed and a large number of buildings were burnt. The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250, 000. About 700 people died in the earthquake and the fires.Another earthquake shocked San Francisco on October 17th, 1989. It was the second strongest earthquake and about one hundred people were killed. It happened in the evening as people were traveling home. A wide and busy road fell onto the below. A lot of people were killed in their cars, but a few lucky ones were not hurt.Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town but about 50 kilometers away. In one part of the town many buildings were destroyed. These buildings were over 50 years old, so they were not strong enough. There were a lot of fires all over the city. The electricity was cut off for several days too.Scientists explain that the outside of the earth is made of different plates. At San Francisco the Pacific plate meets the North American plate. When suddenly these two plates jump, an earthquake is felt. When the 1906 earthquake happened, the Pacific plate jumped 5-6 meters to the north.We cannot stop earthquake, but we can do things to make sure they do not destroy a whole city. First, it is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earth’s plates join together. Second, if you think there may be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rock not on sand. Third, you must make the houses as strong as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.Scientists are afraid that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the area around San Francisco. They call it “The Big One”. However, people today are still building more houses. The population in and around San Francisco is now ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that if there is another big earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.2. The 1976 Tangshan Earthquake1) Which city earns the name “Brave City of China”? Tangshan2) The deadliest earthquake of the 20th century, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake hit the sleeping city of Tangshan at 3:42 a.m. on July 28, 1976.3) Which of the following gave some advance warnings of an impending earthquake?A. Well water rose and fell with cracking or gas.B. Chickens refused to eat and ran around chirping.C. Mice and yellow weasels ran around to hide.D. A goldfish jumped wildly in its bowl.E. Strange lights (fireballs) as well as loud sounds were seen the night preceding the earthquake.4) The Tangshan earthquake lasted approximately 14-16 seconds. After the earthquake hit, 242419 people were dead or dying; 164581 people severely injured. In 7218 households, all members of the family were killed by the earthquake.5) Over two million people died in the earthquake in the 20th century. About 0.6 billion people live in the strong earthquake zone throughout the world. 6) 93 percent of the residential buildings and 78 percent of the industrial buildings were completely destroyed.3. What’s your insight into earthquakes?Because they have no warning and allow people no time to react to them in an effective way. As described in the video, one second you live in this big beautiful city and ten seconds later it is flat. So on any scale of instant destructivity, few natural disasters can come close to earthquakes. At 11:43 A.M. on June 7, 1692, for example, an earthquake struck Port Royal, Jamaica. In the space of less than fifty seconds, that thriving port sank into the Caribbean. An eyewitness described the scene. “In many places the earth cracked, opened and shut, with a motion quick and fast. People were swallowed up; in others they were caught by the middle, and pressed to death.”In the 17th and 18th centuries, it was believed in the Western world that because earthquakes normally occurred in non-Christian countries, they were signs of God’s anger with the inhabitants of these areas. In fact, every day the earth is shaken by hundreds of small earthquakes, most going unnoticed. They usually occur along the boundaries of thin plates that cover the earth like egg shells. Driven by the heat deep within the earth’s core, plates grind against each other along lines called faults. When plates find their motions blocked, stress builds up. Finally the fault gives way. Released energy racesthrough the earth in a form of seismic waves (震波) and a quake occurs.4. How much do you know about other natural disasters?In addition to the earthquake, the human society as a whole is also cursed with a long list of other natural disasters, among which are flood, mud-rock flow (泥石流), landslide (山体滑坡), typhoon, hurricane (飓风), tornado (龙卷风), snowstorm (暴风雪), hailstorm (冰雹), sand storm (沙尘暴), drought (干旱), plague of locusts (蝗灾), the spread of desert, the spread of infectious diseases such as SARS (非典), and volcanic eruptions (火山喷发), the most famous example of which is the Great Pompeii, quickly covered with volcanic ashes.The contributors to these natural disasters are complex and varied. Some disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions result from the movement of plates along the weaknesses in the Earth’s crust. Many others, like flood, sand storm, and the spread of desert, stem from human activities. Man’s mindless enthusiasm for unrestrained economic growth has led to a sharp decline of forestry, a rapid desertification of farming land, an irreparable depletion of ozone layer, a global worsening of greenhouse effect, and a swift extinction of species, all of which in turn bring about more disasters.II. Structure Analysis1. How can we know about warning signs of earthquakes?1) Wire the earth and sea …2) Watch animals and plants …3) The amount of radon waxes …2. What animals show what signs of earthquakes?1) hens—cages 2) snakes—freeze 3) dogs—bark a lot 4) fish—surface5) birds—noisy—fly unusuallySome advance warnings of an impending earthquake.A. Well water rose and fell with cracking or gas.B. Chickens refused to eat and ran around chirping (吱喳而鸣).C. Mice and yellow weasels (黄鼠狼) ran around to hide.D. A goldfish jumped wildly in its bowl.E. Strange lights (fireballs) as well as loud sounds were seen the night preceding the earthquake.3. How are most of the people killed in an earthquake?By falling buildings.4. What building structures might prevent the great destruction of property?1) Steel joint/an I-joint2) Equally strong columns & horizontal beams3) Deep vertical support columns4) Light roofs & strong walls5. What should people do to prepare their houses?1) Check/reinforce homes …2) Place heavy objects …3) Attach cupboards & cabinets …4) Fasten doors …6. What should people need for their earthquake survival supplies, and why?water & food radio receiver torch extra batteries first-aid supplies spade tent rope clothing fire extinguisher auxiliary cooking & heating source heavy shoes or boots7. How can family members keep in touch during an earthquake? Check in with a far-away friend or relative…8. What should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related research projects?Education concerning how to survive an earthquake.1.What is the text mainly about?The essay is centered around the main theme — How to predict, prevent, and prepare for earthquakes.2.How is the text organized?The writer centers his writing on three aspects of the topic—earthquake prediction, earthquake prevention, and earthquake preparation. In the end, he concludes his writing with more emphasis placed on people’s preparation for earthquakes. So the text can fall structurally into four parts.Part I Prediction: People predicted a quake by wiring the earth and sea to detect movements, watch-ing animals and plants for warning signs; and seeing if the amount of radon (Rn) in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake.Devices for developing it: Exemplification: (Para. 1) In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea…The Chinese have traditionally watchedanimals and plants for…For example, …Before the Hansin earthquake in Japan, …Part II Prevention:To prevent buildings from threatening our lives, new structures need to be built with an I-joint steel, with columns and horizontal beams of equal strength, and with light roofs; and pillars for highway bridges need to be enclosed in steel.Devices for developing it: Deduction: (Para. 2) General Statement: People would also like to…prevent…Details: 1) Most people are killed by…2)…with steel joint; 3)…of equal strength 4)…enclosed in steel. Part III Preparation: To prepare for a great quake, you need to keep survival supplies at home and at work; have proper tools ready at hand; make sure what to do in case of a quake; and plan for family re-unity.Devices for developing it: Deduction: (Paras. 4-6) General statement: People …need to prepare themselves. Details: 1) …have supplies of water and food…; 2) Have a fire extinguisher handy; 3) Every family needs to have earthquake emergency plans.Part IV Conclusion: Even if prediction becomes possible, people still have to do their best to prevent disasters by improving building structures and by being personally prepared.Devices for developing it: Induction: (Para. 7) Known facts: 1) …scientists learn much about how quakes work; 2) It will be possible to predict quakes with accuracy; 3) But people still have to prevent quakes. Conclusion: Education concerning …should be a major emphasis for all …projects.III. New words and expressions1. to watch sth. for…/ to watch for 观察某物以获取······/ 小心等待He has been watching for the right moment to express his feeling of love for her.2. to come out of 爬出······/ 有······结果Good reward will certainly come out of your good intention.3. to be reported to do sth. in unusual patterns 据报道说以异常的方式做某事They are reported to be celebrating their victory in unusual patterns.4. to withstand the power of earthquakes 抵御地震的力量Any friendship that can’t withstand the trial of hardships is not likely to last long.5. to be a major concern 是关注的重点How to prevent the resurgence (卷土重来) of SARS is one of the major concerns among the public.6. to insert sth. in / into / between 把某物插入······中／中间The Maxwell House inserted in a newspaper an advertisement : Good to the last drop. 麦氏公司(Maxwell House)在一家报纸上曾刊登了一则广告：滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。
学术报告厅的英文
学术报告厅的英文Academic Lecture HallThe Academic Lecture Hall is a crucial aspect of any educational institution. It is a dedicated space where students and faculty gather to engage in intellectually stimulating discourse and exchange of ideas. The lecture hall serves as a platform for both students and teachers to share knowledge, research findings, and insights. As a result, it is an essential space for fostering a culture of critical thinking, rigorous academic inquiry, and intellectual growth.The design and layout of an academic lecture hall are critical to its functionality and effectiveness. It features a large stage or podium where the speaker stands while delivering the lecture. The stage may have additional equipment for audiovisual presentations such as projectors, screens, and microphones. The seating arrangement is highly structured, with rows of chairs facing the stage, and a separate area for the speaker's guests.There are several advantages to having a dedicated academic lecture hall. Firstly, it creates a formal and professional environment that is conducive to learning. Students are more likely to be attentive and focused in such an environment. Secondly, the lecture hall is equippedwith specialized equipment and technology, such as audiovisual aids, that are essential to the delivery of an effective lecture. This equipment ensures that the material being presented is accessible and engaging to all students, regardless of their learning style or background.In addition to serving as a space for traditional lectures, academic lecture halls can also be used for other events such as panel discussions, debates, and forums. These events allow students to engage in challenging discussions and debates about important societal issues, which promotes critical thinking and civic engagement.In conclusion, the academic lecture hall is an essential space in any educational institution. It serves as a platform for the exchange of ideas, the sharing of knowledge, and the promotion of critical thinking. Its design and layout are critical to its functionality and effectiveness. By creating a formal learning environment and providing access to specialized equipment, the lecture hall serves as a hub of intellectual growth and development.。
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Very influential…. but has been criticized because it ignores the importance of institutions!
Brendan Boyle 2007
Institutions, Firms, and Strategic Choices
Brendan Boyle 2007
Informal Institutions
• Constraints on socially sanctioned norms* of behavior.
– Professional & commercial norms are adhered to by most persons in a modern economy
• Benefits of Formal Institutions
– Support arm‘s-length transactions by bringing distant parties (strangers) together. – Foster rule-based transactions that attract new players into a global economy that cannot operate on informal institutions alone. – Facilitate economic expansion and growth
– Costs associated with economic transactions —or more broadly, costs of doing business
• Without stable institutional frameworks—
– Transaction costs may be so high that certain transactions would not take place.
• Institutions affect the strategy of firms by:
– Reducing uncertainty and signaling conduct as acceptable or not, which constrains the range of acceptable actions. • Uncertainty can lead to transactions more than background conditions. • Institutions provide guidelines to firms as to how they can act. • Institutions directly impact a firm‘s formulation & implementation of strategy
• Develop an understanding of the institution-based view of strategy
• Develop an understanding of the strategic role of ethics and corruption as a component of the institution-based view of strategy • Develop an understanding of the strategic role of cultures in international business as a component of the institutionbased view of strategy • Develop an understanding of the implications of all of the above for international business strategy and practice
–
•
Closing case in your text asks - Why do some entrepreneurs choose to engage in counterfeiting?
Many countries have laws for the protection of intellectual property but have a bad record in enforcement.
Brendan Boyle 2007
IB in practice: Institutions and transaction costs
•Without stable institutional frameworks transaction costs may be high!
Examples
» If credible institutional frameworks are absent, investors may choose to put money abroad » Investment is severely limited without an effective system of property rights (SIA 4.1: Argentina). » Fear Versus Security that institutions will protect you e.g. Microsoft‗s court battles in China Vs Enron‘s in India
Brendan Boyle 2007
Formal Institutions
• Formal Institutions
– An expensive legal and regulatory framework of courts, lawyers, regulators, and other mechanisms that enforce laws and regulations to facilitate the widening of markets
Brendan Boyle 2007
An Institution-Based View of Strategy
The Porter ―diamond‖ model: Determinants of national competitive advantage in certain industries (Figure 4.3 in your text)
International Business Strategy
Topic 3: An Institution-Based view of Strategy and Culture in International Business
Brendan Boyle 2007
Principle Learning Objectives
Brendan Boyle 2007
Understanding Institutions
•Definition
Informal: ―Rules of the game‖ Formal: ―Humanly devised constraints that structure human interaction‖ (North)
Brendan Boyle 2007
Two Core Propositions of the Institution-based view of strategy
1.
Managers and firms rationally pursue their interests and make strategic choices within institutional constraints
e.g. norms for customer service or an acceptable level of quality *The term norms is often also used to describe a variety of social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations. E.g. punctuality, dress code, social manners etc • If formal constraints fail, informal constraints play a larger role in reducing uncertainty
– Benefits outweigh costs, when the scale and scope of the economy become very large
In an IB context this may include regional or even the global economy
•However, certain informal institutions can substitute for a lack of formal property rights.Brendan Boyle 2007
How to Reduce Uncertainty?
• Two kinds of institutions—informal and formal— reduce uncertainty in economic transactions • Relational contracting: based on informal institutions
•An institution-based view of strategy:
– Institutions affect individual and firm behaviors – Covering institutions, cultures, and ethics – Strategists need to appreciate the ―big picture‖ in which competition around the globe takes place.