高级英语第二册 第二课 Marrakech 课后答案 词组
高级英语第二册 第二课 Marrakech 课后答案 词组
词汇(Vocabulary)thread (v.) : pass through by twisting，turning，or weaving in and out穿过，通过----------------------------------------------------------------------------------pomegranate (n.) : a round fruit with a red，leathery rind and many seeds covered with red，juicy，edible flesh；the bush or small tree that bears it石榴；石榴树----------------------------------------------------------------------------------chant (n.) : a simple liturgical song in which a string of syllables or words is sung to each tune(礼拜仪式唱的)单调的歌----------------------------------------------------------------------------------bier (n.) : a platform or portable framework on which a coffin or corpse is placed棺材架；尸体架----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hack (v.) : break up(1and)with a hoe，mattock，etc．(用锄等)翻地，挖(土)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------oblong (adj.) : longer than broad；elongated长方形的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------lumpy (adj.) : full of lumps；covered with lumps多块状物的；凹凸不平的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hummocky (a.) : full of or looking like low，rounded hills布满小丘的；似小圆丘的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------derelict (adj.) : deserted by the owner；abandoned；forsaken无主的；被遗弃的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------lot (n.) : a plot of ground一块地----------------------------------------------------------------------------------undifferentiated (adj.) : without clear qualities or distinctive characteristics无区别的；无显著特点的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------mound (n.) : a heap or bank of earth，sand，etc．built over a grave，in a fortification，etc．土堆；堤；坟堆----------------------------------------------------------------------------------prickly (adj.) : full of prickles多刺的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------prickly pear: any of a genus of cactus plants having cylindricalor large，flat，oval stem joints and edible fruits仙人掌(属) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------bumpy (adj.) : full of bumps；rough；jolting崎岖不平的；颠簸的；震摇的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------gazelle (n.) : any of various small，swift，graceful antelopes 瞪羚----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hindquarter (n.) : either of the two hind legs and the adjoining loin of a carcass of veal，beef，lamb，etc．；[p1.]the hind part of a four—legged animal(牛、羊、猪等的)后腿肉；[复](四肢动物的)后躯----------------------------------------------------------------------------------nibble (v.) : take small，cautious，or gentle bites小口地咬；谨慎地咬(啃)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------butt (v.) : strike or push with the head or horns：ram with the head(用头或角)撞击；顶撞----------------------------------------------------------------------------------mid—air (n.) : any point in space，not in contact with the ground or other surface空中；上空----------------------------------------------------------------------------------navvy (n.) : n unskilled laborer，as on canals，roads，etc．劳工；无特殊技术的工人----------------------------------------------------------------------------------sidle (v.) : move sideways，esp．in a shy or stealthy manner(羞怯或偷偷地)侧身行走----------------------------------------------------------------------------------stow (v.) : pack or store away；fill by packing in an orderly way装载；装进；收藏municipality n．a city，town. etc．having its own incorporated government for local affairs自治市(或镇)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------ghetto (n.) : (in certain European cities)a section to which Jews were formerly restricted(某些欧洲城市中从前的)犹太人居住区----------------------------------------------------------------------------------sore (adj.) : giving or feeling physical pain；painful疼痛的；感到疼痛的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------skull—cap (n.) : a light，closefitting，brimless cap，usually worn indoors(室内戴的)无沿便帽----------------------------------------------------------------------------------infest (v.) : overrun or inhabit in large numbers，usually so as to be harmful or bothersome；swarm in or over(虫害等)侵扰；骚扰；蔓延----------------------------------------------------------------------------------booth (n.) : a stall for the sale of goods，as at markets or fairs(市场或集市上的)货摊；摊店，摊棚----------------------------------------------------------------------------------prehistoric (adj.) : pertaining to ancient times，veryold-fashioned老式的；古旧的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------warp (v.) : become bent or twisted out of shape变弯曲；变歪----------------------------------------------------------------------------------frenzied (adj.) : full of uncontrolled excitement疯狂的，狂乱的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------clamour (v.) : make a loud confused noise or shout；cry out 喧嚷，喧嚣，吵闹----------------------------------------------------------------------------------grope (v.) : feel or search about blindly，hesitantly，or uncertainly摸索；探索----------------------------------------------------------------------------------self-contained (adj.) : having within oneself or itself all that is necessary；self-sufficient，as a community自给自足的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------witchcraft (n.) : the power or practices of witches: black magic；sorcery巫术；魔法----------------------------------------------------------------------------------square (adj.[colloq.]) : satisfying；solid；substantial[口]令人满意的；充实的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------conspicuous (adj.) : attracting attention by being unexpected，unusual，outstanding惹人注目的，显眼的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------grove (n.) : orchard果园----------------------------------------------------------------------------------legionnaire (n.) : a member of a legion军团的成员----------------------------------------------------------------------------------back—breaking (adj.) : requiring great physical exertion；very tiring费劲的；辛苦的，累人的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------desolate (adj.) : uninhabited；deserted荒无人烟的，荒凉的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------lucerne (n.) : a type of plant whose leaves grow in groups of three and which is used for feeding farm animals紫花苜蓿----------------------------------------------------------------------------------fodder (n.) : gorse food for cattle，horses，sheep，etc. as cornstalks，hay and straw(牛、马、羊的)粗饲料；饲草----------------------------------------------------------------------------------yoke (v.) : put a yoke on；join together；link用轭连起；连合；连结----------------------------------------------------------------------------------harrow (n.) : a heavy frame with spikes or sharp—edged disks，drawn by a horse 0r tractor and used for breaking up and leveling plowed ground，covering seeds，rooting up weeds，etc．耙-----------------------furrow (n.) : a narrow groove made in the ground by a plow 沟，畦；犁沟----------------------------------------------------------------------------------trickle (n.) : the act of trickling；a slow，small flow滴，淌；细流；----------------------------------------------------------------------------------subsoil (n.) : the layer of soil beneath the surface soil底土，下层土，----------------------------------------------------------------------------------mummify (v.) : shrivel or dry up干瘪；枯干；成木乃伊状----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hobble (v.) : go unsteadily，haltingly，etc．蹒跚-----------------------leathery (adj.) : 1ike leather in appearance or texture. tough and flexible(外观或质地)似皮革的；坚韧的，粗硬的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------infuriate (v.) : cause to become very angry；enrage(使)发怒，激怒----------------------------------------------------------------------------------damnably (adv.) : execrably该诅咒地；极坏地----------------------------------------------------------------------------------packsaddle (n.) : a saddle with fastenings to secure and balance the load carried by a pack animal驮鞍----------------------------------------------------------------------------------bridle (n.) : a head harness for guiding a horse马勒-----------------------halter (n.) : a rope，cord，strap，etc．，usually with a headstall，for tying or leading an animal；a bitless headstall，with or without a lead rope缰绳；(马)笼头----------------------------------------------------------------------------------gut (n.[usu．in p1.]) : the bowels；entrails[常用复]内脏----------------------------------------------------------------------------------plight (n.) : condition or state of affairs；esp，now, an awkward．sad，or dangerous situation情况；状态；(现尤指)苦境；困境或险境----------------------------------------------------------------------------------gall (v.) : injure or make sore by rubbing；chafe擦伤，擦痛；磨----------------------------------------------------------------------------------stork (n.) : any of a family of large，long—legged，mostly old—world wading birds．having a long neck and bill，and related to the herons鹳----------------------------------------------------------------------------------reach-me—down (adj．[colloq.]) : second—hand or ready—made(衣服)用旧的；别人用过的；现成的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------khaki (adj.) : made of khaki(cloth)卡其(布)制的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------squash (v.) : force one’s way；squeeze挤进，挤入----------------------------------------------------------------------------------slump (v.) : have a drooping posture or gait低头弯腰(而行)；消沉----------------------------------------------------------------------------------inquisitive (adj.) : inclined to ask many questions or seek information；eager to learn好询问的；好奇的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------syphilis (n.) : an infectious venereal disease，caused by a spirochete and usually transmitted by sexual intercourse or acquired congenitally梅毒----------------------------------------------------------------------------------garrison (n.) : troops stationed in a fort or fortified place 驻军；卫戍部队----------------------------------------------------------------------------------charger (n.) : a horse ridden in battle or on parade战马, 军马----------------------------------------------------------------------------------短语(Expressions)square meal: a complete and satisfying meal美餐丰盛的、令人满足----------------------------------------------------------------------------------in a cloud: a large number of small things moving through the air as amass一团例： a cloud of locusts一群蝗虫----------------------------------------------------------------------------------get at: to approach or reach到达，得到例： You have to use a little ladder to get at the jars on the top shelves．你得使用一把小梯才可以拿到架子上面的坛子。
高英2课练习答案pubtalk,marrakech
Lesson 1III.Paraphrase1.And con versati on is an activity which is found only among huma n bein gs.2.Con versati on is not for persuad ing others to accept our idea or point of view.In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.3.In fact, a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others toaccept his point of view.4.People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friendsfor they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other ' s lives.5.The con versati on could go on without an ybody knowing who was right or wrong.6.These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields;but whe n we sit dow n at the table to eat, we call their meat beef.7.The new ruli ng class made it difficult for the En glish to accept or absorb theculture of the rulers.8.The En glish Ian guage received proper recog niti on and was used by the king oncemore.9.The phrase, the King ' s English, has always been used disparagingly and jokinglyby the lower classes. The worki ng people very ofte n make fun of the proper andformal la nguage of the educated people.10.There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to thecultural authority of the ruling class.11.There is always a great dan ger that we might forget that words are only symbolsand take them for things they are supposed to represe nt.IV.Practice with Words and Expressi onsC.（注意：用简单、非比喻性的语言代替比喻部分）1.No one knows how the con versati on will go as it moves aimlessly and desultorily ______________________ or as it becomes spirited and exciting.2.It is not a matter of in terest if they are cross or in a bad temper. _____________________________3.Bar frien ds, although they met each other freque ntly, did not delve into eachother ' s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.4.Sudde nly a miraculous cha nge in the con versati on took place.5.The con versati on sudde nly became spirited and exciting. _______________6.The Elizabetha n writers spread the En glish Ian guage far and wide.7.I have always had an eager in terest i n diet ion aries.8.Even the most educated and literate people use non-standard, informal, colloquialEnglish in their con versati on.9.Otherwise one will tie up the con versati on and will not let it go on freely. ______10.Wewould never have talked about Australia, or the Ianguage barrier in the time of the Norma n Conq uest.Lesson 2Paraphrase1.The bury in g-gro und is nothing more tha n a huge piece of wastela nd full of mounds of earth lookinglike a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2.All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by nottreating the people in the colonies as human beings).3.They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally theydie and are buried in graves without a name, and nobody notices that they dead.4.Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a roundshape to the chair-legs he is making.5.Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere, a great number of Jewsrushed out wildly excited, …(all loudly dema nding a cigarette)6.Every one of these poor Jews looks on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possiblyafford.7.However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8.If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9.No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these tripswould not be interesting).10.Life is very hard for ninety percent of the people. They can produce a little food on the poor soil onlywith hard backbreaking toil.11.She took it for granted that as an old womanshe was the lowest in the community, that she was only fitfor doing heavy work like an animal.12.People with brown skins are almost invisible.13.The Senegalese soldiers were wearing second-hand ready-made khaki uniforms which hid theirbeautiful, well-built bodies.14.How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack the colonialistrulers15.Every white man had this thought hidden somewhere in his mind.。
高级英语第二册第二课课后题答案
第二单元习题答案Ⅰ. Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centers of Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood.2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.7. See paragraph 18.8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves.Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third,through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings.4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips would not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。
张汉熙《高级英语》第二册课后答案
Lesson OneFace to Face with Hurricane CamilleI. Las Vegas. Las Vegas city is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada. In 1970 it had a population of 125,787 people. Revenue from hotels, gambling, entertainment and other tourist-oriented industries forms the backbone of Las Vegas's economy, Its nightclubs and casinos are world famous. The city is also the mercial hub of a ranching and mining area. In the 19th century Las Vegas was a watering place for travelers to South California. In 1.855-1857 the Mormons maintained a fort there, and in 1864 Fort Baker was built by the U. S. army. In 1867, Las Vegas was detached from the Arizona territory and joined to Nevada. <from The New Columbia Encyclopedia > Ⅱ. 1. He didn' t think his family was in any real danger, His former house had been demolished by Hurricane Betsy for it only stood a few feet above sea level. His present house was 23 feet above sea level and 250 yards away from the sea. He thought they would be safe here as in any place else. Besides, he had talked the matter over with his father and mother and consulted his longtime friend, Charles Hill, before making his decision to stay and face the hurricane.2. Magna Products is the name of the firm owned by John Koshak. It designed and developed educational toys and supplies.3. Charlie thought they were in real trouble because salty water was sea water. It showed the sea had reached the house and they were in real trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave. 4. At this Critical moment when grandmother Koshak thought they might die at any moment, she told her husband the dearest and the most precious thing she could think of. This would help to encourage each other and enable them to face death with greater serenity.5.John Koshak felt a crushing guilt because it was he who made the final decision to stay and face the hurricane. Now it seemed they might all die in the hurricane.6.Grandmother Koshak asked the children to sing because she thought this would lessen tension and boost the morale of everyone.7.Janis knew that John was trying his best to fort and encourage her for he too felt there was a possibility of their dying in the storm.Ⅲ.1.This piece of narration is organized as follows. .introduction, development, climax, and conclusion. The first 6 paragraphs are introductory paragraphs, giving the time, place, and background of the conflict-man versus hurricanes. These paragraphs also introduce the characters in the story.2. The writer focuses chiefly on action but he also clearly and sympathetically delineates the characters in the story.3. John Koshak, Jr. , is the protagonist in the story.4. Man and hurricanes make up the conflict.5. The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story by describing in detail and vividly the incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane.6. The writer gives order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings by describing a series of actions in the order of their occurrence.7. The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27.8. I would have ended the story at the end of Paragraph 27,because the hurricane passed, the main characters survived, and the story could e to a natural end.9. Yes, it is. Because the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: "We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important. Ⅳ.1. We' re 23 feet above sea level.2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. <>h God,please help us to get through this storm safely.9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.Ⅴ.See the translation of the text.Ⅵ.1. main: a principal pipe or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.2.sit out: stay until the end of3 e by;<American English> pay a visit 4.blow in：burst open by the storm.5.douse:put out<a light,fire,generator.etc.>quickly by pouring water over it6.kill：<American English>to cause<an engine-etc．>to stop 7．swath：the space covered with one cut of a scythe;a long strip 0r track 0f any kind 8．bar：a measure in music；the notes between two vertical lines 0n a music sheet9．1ean—to：a shed or other small outbuilding with a sloping roof．the upper end of which rests against the wall of another building 1 0．Seabee：a member of the construction battalions of the Civil Engineer Corps of the U．S．Navy,that build harbor facilities,airfields,etc．Seabee stands for CB, short for Construction Battalion．Ⅶ．1．destroy一词最为常见,主要强调破坏的力度之大和彻底,一般不带感情或修辞色彩. demolish和raze通常用于巨大物体,如大型建筑物等.demolish常用引申义,指任何复合体的被毁,如demolish a theory with a few incisive ments.意即"用几句锋利的评语推翻某种理论".而raze几乎无一例外地用于指建筑物的被毁.annihilate在这些词中所表示的损坏程度最为强烈,字面意思是"化为乌有",但实际上往往用于指对人或物的严重损伤.如说annihilate an enemy force,是指使敌军遭到重创,不仅没有还手之力.而且没有招架之功.如说annihilate one’s opponent in a debate,是指彻底驳倒对手.2.decay常指某物自然而然地逐渐衰败腐化.如：His teeth have begun to decay．<他的牙齿开始老化变坏.> rot指有机物质,如蔬菜等因菌毒感染而腐败变质,如：rotting apples<烂了的苹果>.spoil用于非正式文体,常指食物变质.如：Fish spoils quickly in summer.<鱼在夏天极易变质.>molder用于指物体缓慢、逐步地腐朽.如：Old buildings molder away．<老房子渐渐腐烂了.>disintegrate意指把某物从整体变为碎片或一个个部分.如：rocks disintegrated by frost and rain<被霜和雨蚀裂成碎块的岩石>.depose指将物质分解为其构成成分.如：Water call be depose<be deposed>into hydrogen and oxygen．<水可分解成氧和氧.>该词还可用来替代rot,使语气略显委婉.Ⅷ.1. television = tele + vision, a bining form "tele-" plus a noun "vision". Further examples, telegram, telephone, telescope, telegraph, telemunication, telecast, etc. 2. northwestward = north + west + ward or northwest + ward. "-ward" is a suffix meaning "in a <specific> direction or course". Further examples :eastward. westward. backward, upward, inward, outward, seaward, home-ward. etc. 3. motel = motorist + hotel, a blend word formed by bining parts of other words. Further examples: smog = smoke + fog. smaze = smoke + haze, brunch = breakfast + lunch, moped = motor + pedal, galumph = gallop = triumph, etc. 4. bathtub=bath + tub, a pound word formed by bining two nouns. Further examples: bathrobe, bathroom. bedroom, roommate, butterfly, dragonfly, foot ball. housekeeper, etc. 5. returnees=return + ees, a verb plus a noun forming suffix "-ee" designating a person in specified condition. Further examples: employee, refugee, retiree, examinee, escapee, nominee, interviewee, divorcee. IX. 1. "lash" as in ""'Camille lashed northwestward across tile gulf of Mexico". A vivid way to say "strike with great force".2. "pummel" as in "It was certain to pummel Gulfport..."Because the 'word is originally applied to human beings, meaning "beat repeatedly with the fists".3. "whip" as in "Wind and rain now whipped the house". Because it is more vivid than "fall heavily on".4. "kill" as in "the electrical systems had been killed by water". Because it leaves a deeper impression on the readers than "stop" does.5. "inch one' s way" as in "Water inched its way up the steps …" It makes the readers also see clearly that wate r was rising little by little.6. "bother" as in "no hurricane has ever bothered it". It virtually means "do damage to" here.7."lap" as in "John watched the water lap at the steps…", meaning "extend beyond some limit" or, in fact, "rise slowly".8. "skim" as in "the hurricane ... lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air", which gives the readers a deep impression of how strong the wind was.9. "seize" as in "It seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank 1and dumped it 3ymiles away". It seemed as if the hurricane had a very strong and large hand.10. "crack" and "snap" as in "Telephone poles and 20-inch thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them", providing the readers with a vivid picture of winds blowing violently.X. Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. <paring the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire> 2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. <paring the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train> Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. <paring the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea> 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. <Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.> Personification : 1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. <The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.> 2. It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 1/2miles away. <The hurricane acted as a very strong man lifting something very heavy and dumping it 3 1/2 miles away.>. Ⅺ.Elliptical and short simple sentences generally increase the tempo and speed of the actions being described. Hence in a dramatic narration they serve to heighten tension and help create a sense of danger and urgency. For examples see the text, paragraphs 10-18 and 21-26.Ⅻ. The topic sentence of paragraph 1 is "John Koshak, Jr. ,knew that Hurricane Camille would be bad. " This idea is developed or supported by facts or reasons showing how John Koshak, Jr. , knew that Hurricane Camille would be bad．The last sentence introduces some other characters in he story and serves as a transition to the next important point in the story—why John KoshakJr．,decided not to abandon his home．ⅩⅢ．在给出答案之前,首先将该题中的几个语法术语解释一下.The sentence fragment：片断句.一个合乎语法的完整句子必须具有主语和谓语这两种基本成分.从结构上来说,它应该是可以独立运用的语言单位.片断句是指像短语、从句、同位语以与其他诸如此类不能够独立使用的语言单位.写作时若错误地使用标点符号．将这类不能独立使用的语法结构当成句子分列出来,那便叫做片断句,练习中的第1、第3和第4句就是这样的非完整句,即片断句.The run—on sentence:误用逗号连接句.该断句的地方没有正确地使用标点符号断句,而将两个或两个以上结构上各自独立完整而又互不从属的句子融合在一起成为一个不合语法、结构松散的句子称融合句.如果两个完整的句子中间只用逗号隔开而被错误地并成一个句子,这种句子便叫误用逗号连接句,练习中的第2句即是.The dangling modifier：垂悬修饰语.由非谓语动词<分词、动名词、不定式>组成的短语若使用不当,与其所修饰的成分没有实质上的联系,这种结构便叫垂悬修饰语.垂悬修饰语并非语法上的错误,只是修辞上的毛病,但仍应避免使用这样的结构,尤其是不要使用那些会产生歧义、引起误解的垂悬修饰语.练习中的第5、6、7、8句均含垂悬修饰语.The illogical or faulty parallelism：误用平行句法.误用平行句法指用平行结构来表达并非平行的思想内容.这是应该避免的修辞上的毛病.不能将which或who引导的从句用and 与主句相联.关联连词<both…and,either…or等>只能用于联接句中起同一语法作用的平行成分.练习中的第9、10、11、12句都是误用平行结构的例句.The shift in point of view：角度转换.不必要的甚至错误的角度转换是应该避免的.若非必须如此.一般不由主动语态转换成被动语态.人称与单复数也不应随便转换.练习中的第13、14、15句都是角度转换的例子.练习中的错句可改正如下：The basketball game was canceled because half of the players were in bed with flu．These snakes are dangerous.However,mostsnakes are quite harmless．3．Looking out toward the horizon,she Saw only the old cabin in which Mary was born,a single cottonwood that had escaped the drought and the apparently boundless expanse of sunburned prairie．4．We knew that although the documents have been stolen they have not yet been seen by a foreign agent．5．Last year,after I had graduated from high school．my father put me to work in his office．6．To appreciate the poem,one must read it aloud．7．1 missed that film because l had to stay home to help my mother wash clothes last Sunday．8．Driving across the state,one saw many beautiful lakes．9．Unselfish people are not only happier but also more successful．1O．I finally realized that my daydreaming was not making me beautiful and slender or bringing me friends．11．He is a man of wide experience and also of great popularity among the farmers．12．I am interested in electronics,which is a new field and which offers interesting opportunities 10 one who knows science．13．We carefully swept the room and dusted the furniture and the shelves.14．If one’s mouth is dry,one should eat a lump of sugar or chew gum．15．You must make yourself interesting to the group that listens23 to you and is constantly trying to detect your mistakesⅪV. Omitted.XV.Gale Kills PeopleFour people got killed when a gale swept across several parts of South England and Wales yesterday. A school boy of ten was struck by flying debris and lost his life when the roof of a prefabricated classroom was blown off and the walls caved in. The boy was one of seventy children being led to safety. When the teacher saw the roof beginning to lift, he asked his pupils to follow him to a safe place. Unfortunately, the boy was killed. Another two children were taken to hospital with slight injury. A woman, aged 81, was killed when a chimney, dislodged by a strong wind, fell through the roof of her home. Another woman, a resident on the first floor of a building, was also killed outright by the falling masonry. Some residents were taken to hospital and the rest evacuated. A driver met his death near a filling station when his car ran into a tree that had fallen across the road.Lesson Two MarrakechⅠ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal mercial centers of Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco. Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B.C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers <70%>who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert. Ⅱ.1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- <a> the burial of the poor inhabitants <b>an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread <c>the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ <d>cultivation of the poor soil; <e> the old women carrying fire wood.2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating thepeople in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags. 4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses pletely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic. 5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred. 6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded. 7. See paragraph 18. 8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden. 9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves.Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies. 2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings. 3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings. 4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well e after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay. 5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing". 6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up. 2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals <by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings>. 3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name. 4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making. 5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited. 6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford. 7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable. 8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings. 9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas <for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting>．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the munity,that.she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal．12．People with brown skinsare almost invisible．13．The Senegales soldiers were wearing ready—made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well—built bodies．14．How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?. 15．Every white man,the onlookers,the officers on their horses and the white N．C．Os．marching with the black soldiers,had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind．Ⅴ.See the translation of the text．Ⅵ.1．chant：words repeated in a monotonous tone of voice 2．navvy：abbreviation of "navigator",a British word meaning an unskilled laborer,as on canals,,roads,etc．3．Stow：put or hide away in a safe place 4．warp：bend,curve,or twist out of shape 5．self-contained：self—sufficient；having within oneself or itself all that is necessary 6．wretched：poor in quality,very inferior 7．mummified：thin and withered,looking like a mummy 8．reach—me—down：<British colloquialism>second—hand or ready—made clothing 9．charger：a horse ridden in battle or on paradeⅦ．cry指因痛苦、忧伤或悲哀而发出悲切的声音,并伴以流泪.weep更具体,强调流泪；sob指呜呜咽咽、一吸一顿地哭泣；wail指无法抑制悲哀而拖长声调痛哭；whimper43 指像受惊的小孩一样声音压抑地、时断时续地哭；moan 则指因悲伤或痛苦而低声地、拖长声调地哀叹. 2．mania本指狂郁精神病所表现出的症状,具体表现为喜怒无常,时哭时笑,行为不能自制；delirium指暂时性精神极端错乱<如酒醉发烧时>,具体表现为烦躁不安、语无伦次和产生幻觉；frenzy是非医学用语,指狂暴不能自制. hysteria在精神病学上指心因性紊乱,表现为容易激动、焦躁不安、感官和运动功能紊乱以与不自觉地模拟眼瞎、耳聋等.用于引申义时,mania指对于某事的爱好达到狂热的程度,成为癖好,如a mania for drinking<嗜酒>；delirium 指极度兴奋,如a delirium of joy<狂喜>；hysteria 指强烈的、不可控制的感情爆发,如：She laughed and cried in her hysteria．<她又是笑又是哭,感情难以控制.>. 3．flash指突发的、短暂而耀眼的闪光；gleam指黑暗中闪现出的一束稳定的光线；sparkle指星星点点的闪光；glitter 指由物体反射出的星星点点的闪光；glisten指外部亮光反射于沾水的平面上而显出的光亮；shimmer指由微波荡漾的水面反照出的柔和的闪光.Ⅷ．1．burying—ground<verbal noun in—ing + noun>：drinking cup, hiding place,diving board,waiting room,freezing point, carving knife,writing desk,typing paper,swimming suit 2．gravestone<noun +noun>：oilwell,silkworm,shirt—sleeves,girl—friend,gaslight,bloodstain,frogman,win—dow—pane 3．mid—air<adjective +noun>：half—brother,black—market, half—pay.darkroom,madman,double—talk,hothouse, handy man 4．orercrowding<adverb +verbal noun in—ing>：dry-cleaning,overeating,oversleeping,deep—freezing, underpricing, underrating,down—grading,up—dating 5．nine—tenths<adj．from a cardinal number +noun,from an44ordinal number> : one-fifth, two-sixths, three-eighths, one-ninthIX. 1. "thread" as in "The little crowd of mourners...threaded their way across the market… ", indicating that the market was so crowded that the crowd could hardly pass through. 2. "rise", "sweat", "starve", and "sink" as in "They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard"-", giving a deep impression of how these people live a short and miserable life. 3. "sidle" as in "An Arab navvy working on the path nearby lowered his heavy hoe and sidled slowly towards us", showing clearly how a shy man walked carefully. 4. "grope" as in "Even a blind man .'. heard a rumour of cigarettes and came crawling out, groping in the air with his hand", presenting a clear picture of a blind man desiring to get a cigarette. 5. "mummify" as in "All of them are mummified with age and the sun "--", a forceful word indicating what a miserable state those women are in.6. "hobble" as in"'" the file of old women had hobbled past the house with their firewood "'", indicating that these women could not walk properly because of the heavy load they were carrying. 7. "tip" as in """ its master tips it into theditch """, showing how casually a master deals with his dead dog which has served him devotedly.8. "stow" as in "I tore off a piece and he stowed it gratefully in some secret place under his rags", designating how much the poor navvy treasured that piece of bread.Ⅹ.1.After the British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, there was only a single armored divison left to protect the home island. 2. Although the dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming. 3. If the educational program is to succeed, it has to have more than mere financial support from the government. 4. They have wasted their natural resources, which they should have protected and conserved. 5. Soon other settlers were ing in over the first rough trail which the Caldwell family had opened. 6. The Smithsonian Institute is constantly working, with little or no publicity, for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit. 7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions--passions of love and of hatred and revenge. 8. For a few days I dreaded opening the door of his office. 9. Concealed by the fog of early dawn, I crawled out and made my way to the beach. 10. Leaving the door of the safe unlocked and taking the leather bag of coins, I walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ.1."Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature" is the topic sentence. This paragraph lacks unity. It is a bad piece of writing. The writer of this paragraph has pletely forgotten what he had started out to say. Instead of being an "eternal battle", life in this paragraph be-es a pleasant and exciting experience--which it probably is, but that is not what the writer set out to prove. "There are three reasons why I like Japanese food" is the topic sentence. This paragraph lacks unity because the writer introduces facts and ideas irrelevant to the topic stated in his opening sentence, e. g. "However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. " and "Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for another reason--the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food. Ⅻ. pulled, feel, goes, went, e, fe11, altered, paralyzed seemed, sagged, slobbered, settled, imagined, fired, collapse, climbed, drooping, did, jolt, knock, falling, tower, reaching, trumpeted, came, shakeⅩⅢ. Omitted. ⅪⅤ. Shack Dwellers in Old ShanghaiAt the edge of Old Shanghai, there were some areas neglected by the splendid city: they were desolate, dirty, and lay humbly at the foot of high-rise factory chimney. From the point of view of the city residents, these places were not suit- able for men. There, however, did live crowds of creature called human beings. They dwelled in the shacks they built themselves. A shack was made up of mud and dried hay--the former being the ponent of walls and the latter being the roof. Usually there was a small door with a thin wooden board and seldom was there any window. One could easily touch the roof with his hand. The shack was small and dim, thus the door was seldom kept closed. When it rained or blew, there was no more difference inside than outside. How did they manage to live? Some of them were road builders: they dug hard with a pickaxe, pulled a huge stone roller to flatten the road, or dug gutters underground all the day. Some made a living by wheelbarrow. With a load of nearly 500 kilogrammes, they pushed forward sweating all over. Some dragged their rickshaws. And among those shack dwellers were many industrial workers, male and female. When a child grew to be thirteen, he or she started to work in a factory. In short, the vast majority of the people did toil but got a slight gain.Lesson Three Pub Talk and the King’s EnglishⅠ . 1. Carlyle : Thomas Carlyle <1795-1881>, English essayist and historian born at Ecclefechan, a village of the Scotch lowlands. After graduating from the University of Edinburgh, he rejected the ministry, for which he had been intended, and determined to he a writer of hooks. In 1826 he married Jane Welsh, a well-informed and ambitious woman who did much to further his career.。
张汉熙《高级英语》第二册课后答案
Lesson OneFace to Face with Hurricane CamilleI. Las Vegas. Las Vegas city is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada. In 1970 it had a population of 125,787 people. Revenue from hotels, gambling, entertainment and other tourist-oriented industries forms the backbone of Las Vegas's economy, Its nightclubs and casinos are world famous. The city is also the mercial hub of a ranching and mining area. In the 19th century Las Vegas was a watering place for travelers to South California. In 1.855-1857 the Mormons maintained a fort there, and in 1864 Fort Baker was built by the U. S. army. In 1867, Las Vegas was detached from the Arizona territory and joined to Nevada. <from The New Columbia Encyclopedia > Ⅱ. 1. He didn' t think his family was in any real danger, His former house had been demolished by Hurricane Betsy for it only stood a few feet above sea level. His present house was 23 feet above sea level and 250 yards away from the sea. He thought they would be safe here as in any place else. Besides, he had talked the matter over with his father and mother and consulted his longtime friend, Charles Hill, before making his decision to stay and face the hurricane.2. Magna Products is the name of the firm owned by John Koshak. It designed and developed educational toys and supplies.3. Charlie thought they were in real trouble because salty water was sea water. It showed the sea had reached the house and they were in real trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave. 4. At this Critical moment when grandmother Koshak thought they might die at any moment, she told her husband the dearest and the most precious thing she could think of. This would help to encourage each other and enable them to face death with greater serenity.5.John Koshak felt a crushing guilt because it was he who made the final decision to stay and face the hurricane. Now it seemed they might all die in the hurricane.6.Grandmother Koshak asked the children to sing because she thought this would lessen tension and boost the morale of everyone.7.Janis knew that John was trying his best to fort and encourage her for he too felt there was a possibility of their dying in the storm.Ⅲ.1.This piece of narration is organized as follows. .introduction, development, climax, and conclusion. The first 6 paragraphs are introductory paragraphs, giving the time, place, and background of the conflict-man versus hurricanes. These paragraphs also introduce the characters in the story.2. The writer focuses chiefly on action but he also clearly and sympathetically delineates the characters in the story.3. John Koshak, Jr. , is the protagonist in the story.4. Man and hurricanes make up the conflict.5. The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story by describing in detail and vividly the incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane.6. The writer gives order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings by describing a series of actions in the order of their occurrence.7. The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27.8. I would have ended the story at the end of Paragraph 27,because the hurricane passed, the main characters survived, and the story could e to a natural end.9. Yes, it is. Because the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: "We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important. Ⅳ.1. We' re 23 feet above sea level.2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. <>h God,please help us to get through this storm safely.9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.Ⅴ.See the translation of the text.Ⅵ.1. main: a principal pipe or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.2.sit out: stay until the end of3 e by;<American English> pay a visit 4.blow in：burst open by the storm.5.douse:put out<a light,fire,generator.etc.>quickly by pouring water over it6.kill：<American English>to cause<an engine-etc．>to stop 7．swath：the space covered with one cut of a scythe;a long strip 0r track 0f any kind 8．bar：a measure in music；the notes between two vertical lines 0n a music sheet9．1ean—to：a shed or other small outbuilding with a sloping roof．the upper end of which rests against the wall of another building 1 0．Seabee：a member of the construction battalions of the Civil Engineer Corps of the U．S．Navy,that build harbor facilities,airfields,etc．Seabee stands for CB, short for Construction Battalion．Ⅶ．1．destroy一词最为常见,主要强调破坏的力度之大和彻底,一般不带感情或修辞色彩. demolish和raze通常用于巨大物体,如大型建筑物等.demolish常用引申义,指任何复合体的被毁,如demolish a theory with a few incisive ments.意即"用几句锋利的评语推翻某种理论".而raze几乎无一例外地用于指建筑物的被毁.annihilate在这些词中所表示的损坏程度最为强烈,字面意思是"化为乌有",但实际上往往用于指对人或物的严重损伤.如说annihilate an enemy force,是指使敌军遭到重创,不仅没有还手之力.而且没有招架之功.如说annihilate one’s opponent in a debate,是指彻底驳倒对手.2.decay常指某物自然而然地逐渐衰败腐化.如：His teeth have begun to decay．<他的牙齿开始老化变坏.> rot指有机物质,如蔬菜等因菌毒感染而腐败变质,如：rotting apples<烂了的苹果>.spoil用于非正式文体,常指食物变质.如：Fish spoils quickly in summer.<鱼在夏天极易变质.>molder用于指物体缓慢、逐步地腐朽.如：Old buildings molder away．<老房子渐渐腐烂了.>disintegrate意指把某物从整体变为碎片或一个个部分.如：rocks disintegrated by frost and rain<被霜和雨蚀裂成碎块的岩石>.depose指将物质分解为其构成成分.如：Water call be depose<be deposed>into hydrogen and oxygen．<水可分解成氧和氧.>该词还可用来替代rot,使语气略显委婉.Ⅷ.1. television = tele + vision, a bining form "tele-" plus a noun "vision". Further examples, telegram, telephone, telescope, telegraph, telemunication, telecast, etc. 2. northwestward = north + west + ward or northwest + ward. "-ward" is a suffix meaning "in a <specific> direction or course". Further examples :eastward. westward. backward, upward, inward, outward, seaward, home-ward. etc. 3. motel = motorist + hotel, a blend word formed by bining parts of other words. Further examples: smog = smoke + fog. smaze = smoke + haze, brunch = breakfast + lunch, moped = motor + pedal, galumph = gallop = triumph, etc. 4. bathtub=bath + tub, a pound word formed by bining two nouns. Further examples: bathrobe, bathroom. bedroom, roommate, butterfly, dragonfly, foot ball. housekeeper, etc. 5. returnees=return + ees, a verb plus a noun forming suffix "-ee" designating a person in specified condition. Further examples: employee, refugee, retiree, examinee, escapee, nominee, interviewee, divorcee. IX. 1. "lash" as in ""'Camille lashed northwestward across tile gulf of Mexico". A vivid way to say "strike with great force".2. "pummel" as in "It was certain to pummel Gulfport..."Because the 'word is originally applied to human beings, meaning "beat repeatedly with the fists".3. "whip" as in "Wind and rain now whipped the house". Because it is more vivid than "fall heavily on".4. "kill" as in "the electrical systems had been killed by water". Because it leaves a deeper impression on the readers than "stop" does.5. "inch one' s way" as in "Water inched its way up the steps …" It makes the readers also see clearly that wate r was rising little by little.6. "bother" as in "no hurricane has ever bothered it". It virtually means "do damage to" here.7."lap" as in "John watched the water lap at the steps…", meaning "extend beyond some limit" or, in fact, "rise slowly".8. "skim" as in "the hurricane ... lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air", which gives the readers a deep impression of how strong the wind was.9. "seize" as in "It seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank 1and dumped it 3ymiles away". It seemed as if the hurricane had a very strong and large hand.10. "crack" and "snap" as in "Telephone poles and 20-inch thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them", providing the readers with a vivid picture of winds blowing violently.X. Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. <paring the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire> 2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. <paring the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train> Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. <paring the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea> 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. <Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.> Personification : 1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. <The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.> 2. It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 1/2miles away. <The hurricane acted as a very strong man lifting something very heavy and dumping it 3 1/2 miles away.>. Ⅺ.Elliptical and short simple sentences generally increase the tempo and speed of the actions being described. Hence in a dramatic narration they serve to heighten tension and help create a sense of danger and urgency. For examples see the text, paragraphs 10-18 and 21-26.Ⅻ. The topic sentence of paragraph 1 is "John Koshak, Jr. ,knew that Hurricane Camille would be bad. " This idea is developed or supported by facts or reasons showing how John Koshak, Jr. , knew that Hurricane Camille would be bad．The last sentence introduces some other characters in he story and serves as a transition to the next important point in the story—why John KoshakJr．,decided not to abandon his home．ⅩⅢ．在给出答案之前,首先将该题中的几个语法术语解释一下.The sentence fragment：片断句.一个合乎语法的完整句子必须具有主语和谓语这两种基本成分.从结构上来说,它应该是可以独立运用的语言单位.片断句是指像短语、从句、同位语以与其他诸如此类不能够独立使用的语言单位.写作时若错误地使用标点符号．将这类不能独立使用的语法结构当成句子分列出来,那便叫做片断句,练习中的第1、第3和第4句就是这样的非完整句,即片断句.The run—on sentence:误用逗号连接句.该断句的地方没有正确地使用标点符号断句,而将两个或两个以上结构上各自独立完整而又互不从属的句子融合在一起成为一个不合语法、结构松散的句子称融合句.如果两个完整的句子中间只用逗号隔开而被错误地并成一个句子,这种句子便叫误用逗号连接句,练习中的第2句即是.The dangling modifier：垂悬修饰语.由非谓语动词<分词、动名词、不定式>组成的短语若使用不当,与其所修饰的成分没有实质上的联系,这种结构便叫垂悬修饰语.垂悬修饰语并非语法上的错误,只是修辞上的毛病,但仍应避免使用这样的结构,尤其是不要使用那些会产生歧义、引起误解的垂悬修饰语.练习中的第5、6、7、8句均含垂悬修饰语.The illogical or faulty parallelism：误用平行句法.误用平行句法指用平行结构来表达并非平行的思想内容.这是应该避免的修辞上的毛病.不能将which或who引导的从句用and 与主句相联.关联连词<both…and,either…or等>只能用于联接句中起同一语法作用的平行成分.练习中的第9、10、11、12句都是误用平行结构的例句.The shift in point of view：角度转换.不必要的甚至错误的角度转换是应该避免的.若非必须如此.一般不由主动语态转换成被动语态.人称与单复数也不应随便转换.练习中的第13、14、15句都是角度转换的例子.练习中的错句可改正如下：The basketball game was canceled because half of the players were in bed with flu．These snakes are dangerous.However,mostsnakes are quite harmless．3．Looking out toward the horizon,she Saw only the old cabin in which Mary was born,a single cottonwood that had escaped the drought and the apparently boundless expanse of sunburned prairie．4．We knew that although the documents have been stolen they have not yet been seen by a foreign agent．5．Last year,after I had graduated from high school．my father put me to work in his office．6．To appreciate the poem,one must read it aloud．7．1 missed that film because l had to stay home to help my mother wash clothes last Sunday．8．Driving across the state,one saw many beautiful lakes．9．Unselfish people are not only happier but also more successful．1O．I finally realized that my daydreaming was not making me beautiful and slender or bringing me friends．11．He is a man of wide experience and also of great popularity among the farmers．12．I am interested in electronics,which is a new field and which offers interesting opportunities 10 one who knows science．13．We carefully swept the room and dusted the furniture and the shelves.14．If one’s mouth is dry,one should eat a lump of sugar or chew gum．15．You must make yourself interesting to the group that listens23 to you and is constantly trying to detect your mistakesⅪV. Omitted.XV.Gale Kills PeopleFour people got killed when a gale swept across several parts of South England and Wales yesterday. A school boy of ten was struck by flying debris and lost his life when the roof of a prefabricated classroom was blown off and the walls caved in. The boy was one of seventy children being led to safety. When the teacher saw the roof beginning to lift, he asked his pupils to follow him to a safe place. Unfortunately, the boy was killed. Another two children were taken to hospital with slight injury. A woman, aged 81, was killed when a chimney, dislodged by a strong wind, fell through the roof of her home. Another woman, a resident on the first floor of a building, was also killed outright by the falling masonry. Some residents were taken to hospital and the rest evacuated. A driver met his death near a filling station when his car ran into a tree that had fallen across the road.Lesson Two MarrakechⅠ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal mercial centers of Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco. Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B.C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers <70%>who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert. Ⅱ.1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- <a> the burial of the poor inhabitants <b>an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread <c>the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ <d>cultivation of the poor soil; <e> the old women carrying fire wood.2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating thepeople in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags. 4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses pletely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic. 5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred. 6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded. 7. See paragraph 18. 8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden. 9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves.Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies. 2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings. 3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings. 4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well e after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay. 5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing". 6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up. 2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals <by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings>. 3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name. 4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making. 5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited. 6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford. 7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable. 8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings. 9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas <for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting>．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the munity,that.she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal．12．People with brown skinsare almost invisible．13．The Senegales soldiers were wearing ready—made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well—built bodies．14．How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?. 15．Every white man,the onlookers,the officers on their horses and the white N．C．Os．marching with the black soldiers,had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind．Ⅴ.See the translation of the text．Ⅵ.1．chant：words repeated in a monotonous tone of voice 2．navvy：abbreviation of "navigator",a British word meaning an unskilled laborer,as on canals,,roads,etc．3．Stow：put or hide away in a safe place 4．warp：bend,curve,or twist out of shape 5．self-contained：self—sufficient；having within oneself or itself all that is necessary 6．wretched：poor in quality,very inferior 7．mummified：thin and withered,looking like a mummy 8．reach—me—down：<British colloquialism>second—hand or ready—made clothing 9．charger：a horse ridden in battle or on paradeⅦ．cry指因痛苦、忧伤或悲哀而发出悲切的声音,并伴以流泪.weep更具体,强调流泪；sob指呜呜咽咽、一吸一顿地哭泣；wail指无法抑制悲哀而拖长声调痛哭；whimper43 指像受惊的小孩一样声音压抑地、时断时续地哭；moan 则指因悲伤或痛苦而低声地、拖长声调地哀叹. 2．mania本指狂郁精神病所表现出的症状,具体表现为喜怒无常,时哭时笑,行为不能自制；delirium指暂时性精神极端错乱<如酒醉发烧时>,具体表现为烦躁不安、语无伦次和产生幻觉；frenzy是非医学用语,指狂暴不能自制. hysteria在精神病学上指心因性紊乱,表现为容易激动、焦躁不安、感官和运动功能紊乱以与不自觉地模拟眼瞎、耳聋等.用于引申义时,mania指对于某事的爱好达到狂热的程度,成为癖好,如a mania for drinking<嗜酒>；delirium 指极度兴奋,如a delirium of joy<狂喜>；hysteria 指强烈的、不可控制的感情爆发,如：She laughed and cried in her hysteria．<她又是笑又是哭,感情难以控制.>. 3．flash指突发的、短暂而耀眼的闪光；gleam指黑暗中闪现出的一束稳定的光线；sparkle指星星点点的闪光；glitter 指由物体反射出的星星点点的闪光；glisten指外部亮光反射于沾水的平面上而显出的光亮；shimmer指由微波荡漾的水面反照出的柔和的闪光.Ⅷ．1．burying—ground<verbal noun in—ing + noun>：drinking cup, hiding place,diving board,waiting room,freezing point, carving knife,writing desk,typing paper,swimming suit 2．gravestone<noun +noun>：oilwell,silkworm,shirt—sleeves,girl—friend,gaslight,bloodstain,frogman,win—dow—pane 3．mid—air<adjective +noun>：half—brother,black—market, half—pay.darkroom,madman,double—talk,hothouse, handy man 4．orercrowding<adverb +verbal noun in—ing>：dry-cleaning,overeating,oversleeping,deep—freezing, underpricing, underrating,down—grading,up—dating 5．nine—tenths<adj．from a cardinal number +noun,from an44ordinal number> : one-fifth, two-sixths, three-eighths, one-ninthIX. 1. "thread" as in "The little crowd of mourners...threaded their way across the market… ", indicating that the market was so crowded that the crowd could hardly pass through. 2. "rise", "sweat", "starve", and "sink" as in "They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard"-", giving a deep impression of how these people live a short and miserable life. 3. "sidle" as in "An Arab navvy working on the path nearby lowered his heavy hoe and sidled slowly towards us", showing clearly how a shy man walked carefully. 4. "grope" as in "Even a blind man .'. heard a rumour of cigarettes and came crawling out, groping in the air with his hand", presenting a clear picture of a blind man desiring to get a cigarette. 5. "mummify" as in "All of them are mummified with age and the sun "--", a forceful word indicating what a miserable state those women are in.6. "hobble" as in"'" the file of old women had hobbled past the house with their firewood "'", indicating that these women could not walk properly because of the heavy load they were carrying. 7. "tip" as in """ its master tips it into theditch """, showing how casually a master deals with his dead dog which has served him devotedly.8. "stow" as in "I tore off a piece and he stowed it gratefully in some secret place under his rags", designating how much the poor navvy treasured that piece of bread.Ⅹ.1.After the British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, there was only a single armored divison left to protect the home island. 2. Although the dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming. 3. If the educational program is to succeed, it has to have more than mere financial support from the government. 4. They have wasted their natural resources, which they should have protected and conserved. 5. Soon other settlers were ing in over the first rough trail which the Caldwell family had opened. 6. The Smithsonian Institute is constantly working, with little or no publicity, for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit. 7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions--passions of love and of hatred and revenge. 8. For a few days I dreaded opening the door of his office. 9. Concealed by the fog of early dawn, I crawled out and made my way to the beach. 10. Leaving the door of the safe unlocked and taking the leather bag of coins, I walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ.1."Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature" is the topic sentence. This paragraph lacks unity. It is a bad piece of writing. The writer of this paragraph has pletely forgotten what he had started out to say. Instead of being an "eternal battle", life in this paragraph be-es a pleasant and exciting experience--which it probably is, but that is not what the writer set out to prove. "There are three reasons why I like Japanese food" is the topic sentence. This paragraph lacks unity because the writer introduces facts and ideas irrelevant to the topic stated in his opening sentence, e. g. "However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. " and "Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for another reason--the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food. Ⅻ. pulled, feel, goes, went, e, fe11, altered, paralyzed seemed, sagged, slobbered, settled, imagined, fired, collapse, climbed, drooping, did, jolt, knock, falling, tower, reaching, trumpeted, came, shakeⅩⅢ. Omitted. ⅪⅤ. Shack Dwellers in Old ShanghaiAt the edge of Old Shanghai, there were some areas neglected by the splendid city: they were desolate, dirty, and lay humbly at the foot of high-rise factory chimney. From the point of view of the city residents, these places were not suit- able for men. There, however, did live crowds of creature called human beings. They dwelled in the shacks they built themselves. A shack was made up of mud and dried hay--the former being the ponent of walls and the latter being the roof. Usually there was a small door with a thin wooden board and seldom was there any window. One could easily touch the roof with his hand. The shack was small and dim, thus the door was seldom kept closed. When it rained or blew, there was no more difference inside than outside. How did they manage to live? Some of them were road builders: they dug hard with a pickaxe, pulled a huge stone roller to flatten the road, or dug gutters underground all the day. Some made a living by wheelbarrow. With a load of nearly 500 kilogrammes, they pushed forward sweating all over. Some dragged their rickshaws. And among those shack dwellers were many industrial workers, male and female. When a child grew to be thirteen, he or she started to work in a factory. In short, the vast majority of the people did toil but got a slight gain.Lesson Three Pub Talk and the King’s EnglishⅠ . 1. Carlyle : Thomas Carlyle <1795-1881>, English essayist and historian born at Ecclefechan, a village of the Scotch lowlands. After graduating from the University of Edinburgh, he rejected the ministry, for which he had been intended, and determined to he a writer of hooks. In 1826 he married Jane Welsh, a well-informed and ambitious woman who did much to further his career.。
高级英语第二册课后习题答案
高级英语第二册答案Lesson OneFace to Face with Hurricane CamilleI.Las Vegas. Las Vegas city is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada. In 1970 it had a population of 125,787 people. Revenue from hotels, gambling, entertainment and other tourist-oriented industries forms the backbone of Las Vegas's economy, Its nightclubs and casinos are world famous. The city is also the commercial hub of a ranching and mining area. In the 19th century Las Vegas was a watering place for travelers to South California. In 1.855-1857 the Mormons maintained a fort there, and in 1864 Fort Baker was built by the U. S. army. In 1867, Las Vegas was detached from the Arizona territory and joined to Nevada. (from The New Columbia Encyclopedia )Ⅱ.1. He didn' t think his family was in any real danger, His former house had been demolished by Hurricane Betsy for it only stood a few feet above sea level. His present house was 23 feet above sea level and 250 yards away from the sea. He thought they would be safe here as in any place else. Besides, he had talked the matter over with his father and mother and consulted his longtime friend, Charles Hill, before making his decision to stay and face the hurricane.2. Magna Products is the name of the firm owned by John Koshak. It designed and developed educational toys and supplies.3. Charlie thought they were in real trouble because salty water was sea water. It showed the sea had reached the house and they were in real trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave.4. At this Critical moment when grandmother Koshak thought they might die at any moment, she told her husband the dearest and the most precious thing she could think of. This would help to encourage each other and enable them to face death with greater serenity.5.John Koshak felt a crushing guilt because it was he who made the final decision to stay and face the hurricane. Now it seemed they might all die in the hurricane.6.Grandmother Koshak asked the children to sing because she thought this would lessen tension and boost the morale of everyone.7.Janis knew that John was trying his best to comfort and encourage her for he too felt there was a possibility of their dying in the storm.Ⅲ.1.This piece of narration is organized as follows. .introduction, development, climax, and conclusion. The first 6 paragraphs are introductory paragraphs, giving the time, place, and background of the conflict-man versus hurricanes. These paragraphs also introduce the characters in the story.2. The writer focuses chiefly on action but he also clearly and sympathetically delineates the characters in the story.3. John Koshak, Jr. , is the protagonist in the story.4. Man and hurricanes make up the conflict.5. The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story by describing in detail andvividly the incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane.6. The writer gives order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings by describinga series of actions in the order of their occurrence.7. The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27.8. I would have ended the story at the end of Paragraph 27,because the hurricane passed, the main characters survived, and the story could come to a natural end.9. Yes, it is. Because the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: "We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important.Ⅳ.1. We' re 23 feet above sea level.2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. ()h God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.Ⅴ.See the translation of the text.Ⅵ.1. main: a principal pipe or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.2.sit out: stay until the end ofe by;(American English) pay a visit4.blow in：burst open by the storm.5.douse:put out(a light，fire，generator。
高英2 Lesson2 Marrakech
Lesson 2 Marrakech一、单选题（共5题,45.0分）1What type is this essay?•A、Argumentation•B、Exposition•C、Description•D、Narration正确答案：B 我的答案：B得分：9.0分2 The thesis of this essay is _______.•A、Marrakech•B、How much longer can we go on kidding these people?•C、I saw how it was.•D、All colonial empires are in reality founded upo n this fact.正确答案：D 我的答案：D得分：9.0分3The suffering and misery of the colonial people in Marrakech is described by example; ______ unrelated scenes are shown in the essay.•A、Six•B、Five•C、Three•D、Seven正确答案：A 我的答案：C得分：0.0分4 People in Marrakech bury the dead _____.•A、 in a sad way•B、in a careless way•C、with frightful labour•D、with great difficulty正确答案：B 我的答案：B得分：9.0分5The tone of the author in para 5 is _______.•A、amusing and humorous•B、ironical•C、sympathetic•D、critical正确答案：A 我的答案：B得分：0.0分二.判断题（共5题,45.0分）1The mourners are carrying the dead body through the market where goods are on sale.我的答案：√得分：9.0分正确答案：√2Hummocky earth refers to a derelict building-lot.我的答案：√得分：0.0分正确答案：×3The people in this colonial country have brown skin. They can not be distinguished from each other. They are as individual as bees and coral insects.我的答案：×得分：9.0分正确答案：×4The Jewish people don't engage in agriculture while the Arabs do.我的答案：√得分：9.0分正确答案：√5Even Arab employees working for municipality cannot afford meals.我的答案：√得分：9.0分正确答案：√三.连线题（共1题,10.0分）1Match the figure of speech used in each sentence.•E、None of these people works less than 12 hours a day, and everyone of them looks on a•正确答案• 1.------------• 2.------------• 3.------------• 4.------------• 5.------------• 1.------------• 2.------------• 3.------------• 4.------------• 5.------------需要下载方可查看此题答案↑。
高级英语lessonbookmarrakech课后练习级答案
EXERCISES 2Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.Suggested Reference Books [SRB]1. any standard gazetteer2. Encyclopaedia BritannicaⅡ.Questions on content:1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.2. How are people buried in Marrakech?3. Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact."(para 3)4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like?5. Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"?6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point?7. How was land cultivated in Morocco?8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou piece?9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past?Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are always political. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything of value?2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader?4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing" ?6. Comment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.Ⅳ. Paraphrase:1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (para 2)2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para3)3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para 3)4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (para 9)5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews (para 10)6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury (para 10)7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para 16)9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para 17)10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17)11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. (para 19)12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khakiuniforms (para 23)14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para 25)15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. (para 26)Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali-cized words:1. wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)3. he stowed it gratefully (para 7)4. his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9)5. as the Jews live in a self-contained community (para 11)6. the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)7. all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26)Ⅶ. Discriminate the following groups of synonyms:1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkleSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language2. Webste r’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3. Reader's Digest, Use the Right WordⅧ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each:1. burying-ground2. gravestone3. mid-air4. overcrowding5. nine-tenthsSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. any standard dictionary2. any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reasons.Ⅹ.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases:1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island.2.The dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.3.The educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.4.They have wasted their natural resources, but they should have protected and conserved them.5.The Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were coming.6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or no publicity.7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only fora few days.9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled outand made my way to the beach.10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leather bag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ .R ead the following paragraphs and then answer the questions: 1) What is the topic sentence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achieving unity? Give your reasons.1. Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There is always the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grain planted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustling around from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warming cover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt for something to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them. After his day's work is done, the farmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fireplace, and spends a peaceful evening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer has more work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must be cultivated. As summer ap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fully developed, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his hay crop to rot.2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I was growing up I never ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of the best things about Japanese food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not at all fattening. However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that it's always beautifully served, even at lower-priced restaurants. Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on a gleaming platter crisscrossed with skewers of meat and vegetables, and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For the American who wants to serve Japanese food like this, these platters and trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final reason for liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing in American or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi (raw fish dipped in soy sauce and horseradish) or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing the bite-sized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling water. Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for another reason-- the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smileshyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonder Japanese food appeals to me?Ⅻ. Choose the right word from the list b elow for each blank:fell come did firedpulled feel sagged collapsegoes altered slobbered climbedwent paralysed settled droopingjolt seemed imagined knockfalling tower reaching trumpetedshake cameWhen I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or____________the kick -- one never does when a shot ___________ home -- but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _________ up from the crowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had ________over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_______, but every line of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had_________ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _________ a long time -- it might have been five seconds, I dare say – he _______flabbily to his knees. His mouth _______An enormous senility seemed to have ______ upon him. One could have ______him thousands of years old. I _______again into the same spot. At the second shot he did not_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his feet and stood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . I fired a third time. That was the shot that _______for him. You could see the agony of it _____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs. But in ______ he seemed for a moment to rise, for as his hind legs collapsed beneath him he seemed to_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk _______skywards like a tree. He________, for the first and only time. And then down he ________, his belly towards me, with a crash that seemed to _________ the ground even where I lay.XIII. Topics for oral work:1. What can you infer about the author's political attitude from this essay?2. Do you like Orwell' s style? Give examples to support yourXIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the suffering and poverty of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintain an objective tone, but your real feelings should be ev- ident to the reader.习题全解Ⅰ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centers of Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood.2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrowstreet, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.7. See paragraph 18.8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves.Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings.4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon thisfact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid styleand fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。
高英II-2课文后练习+答案
高英II-2课文后练习+答案高英II-2课文后练习：I. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.Suggested Reference Books [SRB]1. any standard gazetteer2. Encyclopaedia BritannicaMarrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centers of Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabsinvaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.II. Questions on content:1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the oldwomen carrying fire wood.2. How are people buried in Marrakech?See paragraphs 1 and 23. Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact." (para 3)All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human beings.4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like? Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.5. Why does the writer say, "A good job. Hitler wasn't here"?If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred大规模屠杀.6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point? Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as touristresorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.7. How was land cultivated in Morocco?See paragraph 188. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou piece?The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past?Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves.III. Questions on appreciation:1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write," are always political. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything of value?Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? What effect does this contrast have on the reader? Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treatedas human beings.4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence? Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing" ?This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".6. Comment on Orwell' s lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes hedescribes. His lucid明畅,清楚的style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. Paraphrase:1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (para 2)The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para 3)All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para 3)They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (para 9) Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews (para 10)Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury (para 10)Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes ineverything except the human beings. (para 16)If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para 17)No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips would not be interesting)．10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17)life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. (para 19)She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。
高级英语Lesson2(BooK2)Marrakech课后练习级问题详解
EXERCISES 2Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.Suggested Reference Books [SRB]1. any standard gazetteer2. Encyclopaedia BritannicaⅡ.Questions on content:1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.2. How are people buried in Marrakech?3. Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact."(para 3)4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like?5. Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"?6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point?7. How was land cultivated in Morocco?8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou piece?9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past?Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are always political. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything of value?2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader?4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing" ?6. Comment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.Ⅳ. Paraphrase:1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (para 2)2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para3)3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para3)4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (para 9)5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews (para 10)6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury (para 10)7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para 16)9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para 17)10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17)11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. (para 19)12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para 25)15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. (para 26)Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali-cized words:1. wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)3. he stowed it gratefully (para 7)4. his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9)5. as the Jews live in a self-contained community (para 11)6. the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)7. all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26) Ⅶ. Discriminate the followi ng groups of synonyms:1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkleSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language2. Webs ter’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3. Reader's Digest, Use the Right WordⅧ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each:1. burying-ground2. gravestone3. mid-air4. overcrowding5. nine-tenthsSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. any standard dictionary2. any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reasons.Ⅹ.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases:1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island.2.The dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.3.The educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.4.They have wasted their natural resources, but they should have protected and conserved them.5.The Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were coming.6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or no publicity.7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only fora few days.9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled out and made my way to the beach.10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leather bag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ .Read the following paragraphs and then answer the questions: 1) What is the topic sentence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achievingunity? Give your reasons.1. Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There is always the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grain planted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustling around from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warming cover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt for something to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them. After his day's work is done, the farmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fireplace, and spends a peaceful evening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer has more work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must be cultivated. As summer ap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fully developed, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his hay crop to rot.2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I was growing up I never ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of the best things about Japanese food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not at all fattening. However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that it's always beautifully served, even at lower-priced restaurants. Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on a gleaming platter crisscrossed with skewers of meat and vegetables, and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For the American who wants to serve Japanese food like this, these platters and trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final reason for liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing in American or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi (raw fish dipped in soy sauce and horseradish) or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing the bite-sized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling water. Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for another reason-- the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonder Japanese food appeals to me?Ⅻ. Choose the right word from the list below for each blank:fell come did firedpulled feel sagged collapsegoes altered slobbered climbedwent paralysed settled droopingjolt seemed imagined knockfalling tower reaching trumpetedshake cameWhen I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or____________the kick -- one never does when a shot ___________ home -- but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _________ up from the crowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had ________over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_______, but every line of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had_________ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _________ a long time -- it might have been five seconds, I dare say – he _______flabbily to his knees. His mouth _______An enormous senility seemed to have ______ upon him. One could have ______him thousands of years old. I _______again into the same spot. At the second shot he did not_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his feet and stood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . I fired a third time. That was the shot that _______for him. You could see the agony of it _____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs. But in ______ he seemed for a moment to rise, for as his hind legs collapsed beneath him he seemed to_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk _______skywards like a tree. He________, for the first and only time. And then down he ________, his belly towards me, with a crash that seemed to _________ the ground even where I lay.XIII. Topics for oral work:1. What can you infer about the author's political attitude from this essay?2. Do you like Orwell' s style? Give examples to support your XIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the suffering and poverty of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintain an objective tone, but your real feelings should be ev- ident to the reader.习题全解Ⅰ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centersof Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood.2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.7. See paragraph 18.8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the otherdirection?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves. Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings.4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon thisfact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a pieceof luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil． 11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community.that。
高级英语第二册课后习题答案
高级英语第二册答案Lesson OneFace to Face with Hurricane CamilleI.Las Vegas. Las Vegas city is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada. In 1970 it had a population of 125,787 people. Revenue from hotels, gambling, entertainment and other tourist-oriented industries forms the backbone of Las Vegas's economy, Its nightclubs and casinos are world famous. The city is also the commercial hub of a ranching and mining area. In the 19th century Las Vegas was a watering place for travelers to South California. In 1.855-1857 the Mormons maintained a fort there, and in 1864 Fort Baker was built by the U. S. army. In 1867, Las Vegas was detached from the Arizona territory and joined to Nevada. (from The New Columbia Encyclopedia )Ⅱ.1. He didn' t think his family was in any real danger, His former house had been demolished by Hurricane Betsy for it only stood a few feet above sea level. His present house was 23 feet above sea level and 250 yards away from the sea. He thought they would be safe here as in any place else. Besides, he had talked the matter over with his father and mother and consulted his longtime friend, Charles Hill, before making his decision to stay and face the hurricane.2. Magna Products is the name of the firm owned by John Koshak. It designed and developed educational toys and supplies.3. Charlie thought they were in real trouble because salty water was sea water. It showed the sea had reached the house and they were in real trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave.4. At this Critical moment when grandmother Koshak thought they might die at any moment, she told her husband the dearest and the most precious thing she could think of. This would help to encourage each other and enable them to face death with greater serenity.5.John Koshak felt a crushing guilt because it was he who made the final decision to stay and face the hurricane. Now it seemed they might all die in the hurricane.6.Grandmother Koshak asked the children to sing because she thought this would lessen tension and boost the morale of everyone.7.Janis knew that John was trying his best to comfort and encourage her for he too felt there was a possibility of their dying in the storm.Ⅲ.1.This piece of narration is organized as follows. .introduction, development, climax, and conclusion. The first 6 paragraphs are introductory paragraphs, giving the time, place, and background of the conflict-man versus hurricanes. These paragraphs also introduce the characters in the story.2. The writer focuses chiefly on action but he also clearly and sympathetically delineates the characters in the story.3. John Koshak, Jr. , is the protagonist in the story.4. Man and hurricanes make up the conflict.5. The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story by describing in detail andvividly the incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane.6. The writer gives order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings by describinga series of actions in the order of their occurrence.7. The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27.8. I would have ended the story at the end of Paragraph 27,because the hurricane passed, the main characters survived, and the story could come to a natural end.9. Yes, it is. Because the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: "We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important.Ⅳ.1. We' re 23 feet above sea level.2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. ()h God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.Ⅴ.See the translation of the text.Ⅵ.1. main: a principal pipe or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.2.sit out: stay until the end ofe by;(American English) pay a visit4.blow in：burst open by the storm.5.douse:put out(a light，fire，generator。
高级英语2-2课外练习及答案
Lesson TwoMarrakechI. Choose the one which is equal to the word given blow:1. chantA. religious songB. parallel linesC. balanced wordsD. repeated shout2. derelictA. grievousB. deprivedC. abandonedD. hunted3. hummockA. a desertB. a low rounded hillC. a high mountainD. a plain4. stowA. load roughlyB. unload carefullyC. move quicklyD. hide away5. frenziedA. full of uncontrolled excitementB. full of happinessC. depressedD. encouraged6. fodderA. delicious foodB. well prepared mealC. rough foodD. half-cooked meal7. clamourA. clatterB. noisily expressC. obeyD. generously give8. desolateA. isolatedB. unitedC. eccentricD. barren9. slumpA. rise upB. sink downC. move onD. repeat10. squashA. invadeB. inferC. squeezeD. separate11. plightA. difficult conditionB. irritationC. conscienceD. objection12. infuriateA. set apart from otherB. fill with rageC. become fastenedD. keep in a certain position13. inquisitiveA. showing curiosityB. seriously urgentC. completely controlledD. ready made14. sidle15. nibbleA. eat large piecesB. swallow downC. take small bitsD. sip bit by bit16. ghettoA. musical instrumentB. areaC. dustD. grave17. navvyA. a shipB. a soldierC. a labourerD. a sailor18. lucerneA. plantB. animalC. oilD. field19. scrapA. a sharp soundB. a sudden cuttingC. a forceful scratchD. a small piece20. hackA. cut carefullyB. dig roughlyC. make slowlyD. move smoothly21. storkA. green grassB. black soilC. white birdD. small plant22. clumpA. walkB. strikeC. writeD. fall23. garrisonA. railway stationB. training centreC. military campD. battle field24. hobbleA. walk in difficulty with small stepsB. walk quickly with stridesC. walk slowly and lazilyD. walk sideways with tips and toes2526. literallyA. the use of wordB. relate to literatureC. fond of learningD. actually27. ragA. a carpetB. an animal skinC. a scrap of clothD. a floor covering28. bumpyA. smoothB. roughC. heavyD. stout2930. witchcraftA. craftsmanshipB. magicC. airplaneD. supervisorII. Complete the words according to the definitions, the first letter of the word is given:1. Jewish quarter of a town, a part of a city in which a group of people live who are poor g2. of the Middle Ages m3. back part of an animal including the legs h4. having difficulty to distinguish u5. framework of all bones in a human or animal body s6. town, city, district with local self-government m7. cause to bend, curve, or twist out of shape w8. group of trees g9. soldiers who fight on foot i10. injure or make sore by rubbing g11. of, relating to, or belonging to the era before recorded history p13. to shine by reflection with a sparkling luster g14. a feeling of profound awe and respect and often love r15. to deceive in fun; fool k16. a formation, as of troops or vehicles, in which all elements follow one behind the other c17. one that inhabits a place, especially as a permanent resident i18. easily broken or destroyed f19. a crossbar with two U-shaped pieces that encircle the necks of a pair of oxen or other draft animals working together y20. a trench, furrow, or groove c21. to cause to shrivel and dry up m22. of or relating to an earliest or original stage or state p23. to become reduced in amount or value; dwindle s24. very good or satisfying; praiseworthy s25. to inhabit or overrun in numbers large enough to be harmful iIII. Put the following words and phrases into the appropriate blanks in the following sentences. (Filling in the grid is optional.)wail infest with invisible warp wind up wring appeal to lower splendid frenzied1. The childfor the toy.2. We took a long walk and at the edge of town.3. I think wha me about his painting is the colours he uses.4. Nowadays, the streets in some places of the city drugs.5. The policemen were trying the truth out of the recalcitrant witness.6. The temperature gradually this month.7. He has made a performance in the examinations.8. The wooden frame in the humidity.9. The office was a scene of activity this morning.10. Air is but we can feel its motion when there is a wind.V. Answer the following questions:1. How did the writer succeed in conveying his indignation at the poverty and misery of the people in the colonial countries?2. Try to list the causes of their poverty.IV. Reading Comprehension:1. The method the writer uses in developing his exposition is ________.A. comparison and contrastB. exampleC. causationD. listing2. The thesis of this essay is _______.A. MarrakechB. How much longer can we go onkidding these people?C. I saw how it was.D. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact.3. People in Marrakech bury the dead _____.A. in a sad wayB. in a careless wayC. with frightful labourD. with great difficulty4. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere ______. A. a great number of Jews rushedout wildly excited.B. a large number of black people rushed out wildly excited.C. a few number of Jews came creeping out quietly.D. a few number of Arabs walked out sideways.5. The tone of the author in Para 16 and 17 is _____.A. humorousB. light-heartedC. ironicalD. seriousVI. Determine whether the following statements are true or false. Put a “T”, if the statement is true and put a “F”, if the statement is false.1. Every white man has the thought that he won't be able to deceive the blacks any longer in his mind,except a socialist.2. What a white man expect from the Negro soldier is a not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen or not inquisitive look.3. Owing to some kind of accident if one even notices the old woman means when an old woman happens to have an accident, one can see her under the heavy load of sticks.4. The Jewish people don't engage in agriculture while the Arabs do.6. The mourners are carrying the dead body through the market where goods are on sale.7. Gazelle obviously did not like the writer, so he struck him and tried to keep him away from approaching him, so that he could eat the whole bread without givingit to the Arab navvy.8. The people in this colonial country have brown skin. They can not be distinguished from each other. They are as individual as bees and coral insects.9. Hummocky earth refers to a derelict building-lot.VII. Translation:1.那首曲子已经太过时了，人们不再感兴趣了。
高级英语Lesson 2 (BooK 2) Marrakech 课后练习级答案
EXERCISES 2Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.Suggested Reference Books [SRB]1. any standard gazetteer2. Encyclopaedia BritannicaⅡ.Questions on content:1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.2. How are people buried in Marrakech?3. Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact."(para 3)4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like?5. Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"?6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point?7. How was land cultivated in Morocco?8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou piece?9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past?Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are always political. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything of value?2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader?4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing" ?6. Comment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.Ⅳ. Paraphrase:1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (para 2)2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para3)3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para3)4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (para 9)5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews (para 10)6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury (para 10)7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para 16)9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para 17)10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17)11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. (para 19)12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para 25)15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. (para 26)Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali-cized words:1. wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)3. he stowed it gratefully (para 7)4. his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9)5. as the Jews live in a self-contained community (para 11)6. the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)7. all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26) Ⅶ. Discriminate the followi ng groups of synonyms:1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkleSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language2. Webs ter’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3. Reader's Digest, Use the Right WordⅧ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each:1. burying-ground2. gravestone3. mid-air4. overcrowding5. nine-tenthsSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. any standard dictionary2. any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reasons.Ⅹ.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases:1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island.2.The dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.3.The educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.4.They have wasted their natural resources, but they should have protected and conserved them.5.The Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were coming.6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or no publicity.7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only fora few days.9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled out and made my way to the beach.10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leather bag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ .Read the following paragraphs and then answer the questions: 1) What is the topic sentence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achievingunity? Give your reasons.1. Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There is always the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grain planted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustling around from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warming cover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt for something to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them. After his day's work is done, the farmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fireplace, and spends a peaceful evening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer has more work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must be cultivated. As summer ap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fully developed, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his hay crop to rot.2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I was growing up I never ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of the best things about Japanese food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not at all fattening. However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that it's always beautifully served, even at lower-priced restaurants. Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on a gleaming platter crisscrossed with skewers of meat and vegetables, and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For the American who wants to serve Japanese food like this, these platters and trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final reason for liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing in American or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi (raw fish dipped in soy sauce and horseradish) or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing the bite-sized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling water. Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for another reason-- the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonder Japanese food appeals to me?Ⅻ. Choose the right word from the list below for each blank:fell come did firedpulled feel sagged collapsegoes altered slobbered climbedwent paralysed settled droopingjolt seemed imagined knockfalling tower reaching trumpetedshake cameWhen I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or____________the kick -- one never does when a shot ___________ home -- but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _________ up from the crowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had ________over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_______, but every line of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had_________ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _________ a long time -- it might have been five seconds, I dare say – he _______flabbily to his knees. His mouth _______An enormous senility seemed to have ______ upon him. One could have ______him thousands of years old. I _______again into the same spot. At the second shot he did not_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his feet and stood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . I fired a third time. That was the shot that _______for him. You could see the agony of it _____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs. But in ______ he seemed for a moment to rise, for as his hind legs collapsed beneath him he seemed to_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk _______skywards like a tree. He________, for the first and only time. And then down he ________, his belly towards me, with a crash that seemed to _________ the ground even where I lay.XIII. Topics for oral work:1. What can you infer about the author's political attitude from this essay?2. Do you like Orwell' s style? Give examples to support your XIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the suffering and poverty of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintain an objective tone, but your real feelings should be ev- ident to the reader.习题全解Ⅰ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centersof Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood.2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.7. See paragraph 18.8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the otherdirection?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves. Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings.4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon thisfact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a pieceof luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil． 11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。
高级英语Lesson2Marrakech课后练习级答案
EXERCISES 2Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.Suggested Reference Books [SRB]1. any standard gazetteer2. Encyclopaedia BritannicaⅡ.Questions on content:1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.2. How are people buried in Marrakech?3. Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact."(para 3)4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like?5. Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"?6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point?7. How was land cultivated in Morocco?8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou piece?9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past?Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are always political. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything of value?2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader?4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing" ?6. Comment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.Ⅳ. Paraphrase:1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (para 2)2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para3)3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para3)4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (para 9)5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews (para 10)6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury (para 10)7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para 16)9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para 17)10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17)11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. (para 19)12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para 25)15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. (para 26)Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali-cized words:1. wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)3. he stowed it gratefully (para 7)4. his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9)5. as the Jews live in a self-contained community (para 11)6. the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)7. all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26) Ⅶ. Discriminate the followi ng groups of synonyms:1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkleSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language2. Webs ter’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3. Reader's Digest, Use the Right WordⅧ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each:1. burying-ground2. gravestone3. mid-air4. overcrowding5. nine-tenthsSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. any standard dictionary2. any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reasons.Ⅹ.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases:1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island. dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.have wasted their natural resources, but they should have protected and conserved them.Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were coming.6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or no publicity.7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only fora few days.9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled out and made my way to the beach.10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leather bag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ .Read the following p aragraphs and then answer the questions: 1) What is the topic sentence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achievingunity? Give your reasons.1. Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There is always the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grain planted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustling around from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warming cover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt for something to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them. After his day's work is done, the farmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fireplace, and spends a peaceful evening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer has more work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must be cultivated. As summer ap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fully developed, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his hay crop to rot.2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I was growing up I never ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of the best things about Japanese food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not at all fattening. However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that it's always beautifully served, even at lower-priced restaurants. Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on a gleaming platter crisscrossed with skewers of meat and vegetables, and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For the American who wants to serve Japanese food like this, these platters and trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final reason for liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing in American or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi (raw fish dipped in soy sauce and horseradish) or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing the bite-sized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling water. Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for another reason-- the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonder Japanese food appeals to me?Ⅻ. Choose the right word from the list below for each blank:fell come did firedpulled feel sagged collapsegoes altered slobbered climbedwent paralysed settled droopingjolt seemed imagined knockfalling tower reaching trumpetedshake cameWhen I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or____________the kick -- one never does when a shot ___________ home -- but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _________ up from the crowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had ________over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_______, but every line of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had_________ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _________ a long time -- it might have been five seconds, I dare say – he _______flabbily to his knees. His mouth _______An enormous senility seemed to have ______ upon him. One could have ______him thousands of years old. I _______again into the same spot. At the second shot he did not_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his feet and stood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . I fired a third time. That was the shot that _______for him. You could see the agony of it _____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs. But in ______ he seemed for a moment to rise, for as his hind legs collapsed beneath him he seemed to_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk _______skywards like a tree. He________, for the first and only time. And then down he ________, his belly towards me, with a crash that seemed to _________ the ground even where I lay.XIII. Topics for oral work:1. What can you infer about the author's political attitude from this essay?2. Do you like Orwell' s style? Give examples to support your XIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the suffering and poverty of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintain an objective tone, but your real feelings should be ev- ident to the reader.习题全解Ⅰ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centersof Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood.2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.7. See paragraph 18.8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the otherdirection?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves. Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings.4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon thisfact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a pieceof luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil． 11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the 。
高级英语2第三版unit2课文翻译+课后英译汉部分划线
高级英语2第三版unit2课文翻译+课后英译汉部分划线Unit 2 Marrakech马拉喀什见闻1、As the corpse went past the flies left the restaurant table in a cloud and rushed after it, but they came back a few minutes later.尸体被抬过去的时候，成群的苍蝇嗡嗡地飞离了餐馆的饭桌，尾随尸体去，几分钟后又嗡嗡地飞了回来。
2、The little crows of mourners – all me and boys, no women – threaded their way across the marker place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again. What really appeals to the flied is that the corpses here are never put into coffins; they are merely wrapped in a piece of ray and carried on a rough wooden bier on the shoulders of four friends. When the friends get to the burying-ground they hack an oblong hole afoot or two deep, dump the body in it and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like broken brick. No gravestone, no name, no identifying mark of any kind. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth. Like a derelict building-lot. After a month or two no one can even be certain where his own relatives are buried.一支人数不多的送葬队伍-其中老老小小全是男的，没有女人——挤过一堆堆的石榴，穿行在出租车和骆驼之间，迂回着穿过市场，嘴里还一遍遍地哀号着一支短促的悲歌。
高级英语第二册课后习题答案
高级英语第二册答案Lesson OneFace to Face with Hurricane CamilleI.Las Vegas. Las Vegas city is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada. In 1970 it had a population of 125,787 people. Revenue from hotels, gambling, entertainment and other tourist-oriented industries forms the backbone of Las Vegas's economy, Its nightclubs and casinos are world famous. The city is also the commercial hub of a ranching and mining area. In the 19th century Las Vegas was a watering place for travelers to South California. In 1.855-1857 the Mormons maintained a fort there, and in 1864 Fort Baker was built by the U. S. army. In 1867, Las Vegas was detached from the Arizona territory and joined to Nevada. (from The New Columbia Encyclopedia )Ⅱ.1. He didn' t think his family was in any real danger, His former house had been demolished by Hurricane Betsy for it only stood a few feet above sea level. His present house was 23 feet above sea level and 250 yards away from the sea. He thought they would be safe here as in any place else. Besides, he had talked the matter over with his father and mother and consulted his longtime friend, Charles Hill, before making his decision to stay and face the hurricane.2. Magna Products is the name of the firm owned by John Koshak. It designed and developed educational toys and supplies.3. Charlie thought they were in real trouble because salty water was sea water. It showed the sea had reached the house and they were in real trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave.4. At this Critical moment when grandmother Koshak thought they might die at any moment, she told her husband the dearest and the most precious thing she could think of. This would help to encourage each other and enable them to face death with greater serenity.5.John Koshak felt a crushing guilt because it was he who made the final decision to stay and face the hurricane. Now it seemed they might all die in the hurricane.6.Grandmother Koshak asked the children to sing because she thought this would lessen tension and boost the morale of everyone.7.Janis knew that John was trying his best to comfort and encourage her for he too felt there was a possibility of their dying in the storm.Ⅲ.1.This piece of narration is organized as follows. .introduction, development, climax, and conclusion. The first 6 paragraphs are introductory paragraphs, giving the time, place, and background of the conflict-man versus hurricanes. These paragraphs also introduce the characters in the story.2. The writer focuses chiefly on action but he also clearly and sympathetically delineates the characters in the story.3. John Koshak, Jr. , is the protagonist in the story.4. Man and hurricanes make up the conflict.5. The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story by describing in detail andvividly the incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane.6. The writer gives order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings by describinga series of actions in the order of their occurrence.7. The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27.8. I would have ended the story at the end of Paragraph 27,because the hurricane passed, the main characters survived, and the story could come to a natural end.9. Yes, it is. Because the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: "We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important.Ⅳ.1. We' re 23 feet above sea level.2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. ()h God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.Ⅴ.See the translation of the text.Ⅵ.1. main: a principal pipe or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.2.sit out: stay until the end ofe by;(American English) pay a visit4.blow in：burst open by the storm.5.douse:put out(a light，fire，generator。
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词汇(Vocabulary)thread (v.) : pass through by twisting，turning，or weaving in and out穿过，通过---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pomegranate (n.) : a round fruit with a red，leathery rind and many seeds covered with red，juicy，edible flesh；the bush or small tree that bears it 石榴；石榴树---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- chant (n.) : a simple liturgical song in which a string of syllables or words is sung to each tune(礼拜仪式唱的)单调的歌----------------------------------------------------------------------------------bier (n.) : a platform or portable framework on which a coffin or corpse is placed棺材架；尸体架---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- hack (v.) : break up(1and)with a hoe，mattock，etc．(用锄等)翻地，挖(土) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oblong (adj.) : longer than broad；elongated长方形的---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lumpy (adj.) : full of lumps；covered with lumps多块状物的；凹凸不平的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hummocky (a.) : full of or looking like low，rounded hills布满小丘的；似小圆丘的---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- derelict (adj.) : deserted by the owner；abandoned；forsaken无主的；被遗弃的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------lot (n.) : a plot of ground一块地---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- undifferentiated (adj.) : without clear qualities or distinctive characteristics无区别的；无显著特点的---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mound (n.) : a heap or bank of earth，sand，etc．built over a grave，in a fortification，etc．土堆；堤；坟堆---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- prickly (adj.) : full of prickles多刺的---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- prickly pear: any of a genus of cactus plants having cylindrical or large，flat，oval stem joints and edible fruits仙人掌(属)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- bumpy (adj.) : full of bumps；rough；jolting崎岖不平的；颠簸的；震摇的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------gazelle (n.) : any of various small，swift，graceful antelopes瞪羚---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- hindquarter (n.) : either of the two hind legs and the adjoining loin of a carcass of veal，beef，lamb，etc．；[p1.]the hind part of a four—legged animal(牛、羊、猪等的)后腿肉；[复](四肢动物的)后躯---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nibble (v.) : take small，cautious，or gentle bites小口地咬；谨慎地咬(啃) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------butt (v.) : strike or push with the head or horns：ram with the head(用头或角)撞击；顶撞---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mid—air (n.) : any point in space，not in contact with the ground or other surface空中；上空---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- navvy (n.) : n unskilled laborer，as on canals，roads，etc．劳工；无特殊技术的工人---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sidle (v.) : move sideways，esp．in a shy or stealthy manner(羞怯或偷偷地)侧身行走---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- stow (v.) : pack or store away；fill by packing in an orderly way装载；装进；收藏municipality n．a city，town. etc．having its own incorporated government for local affairs自治市(或镇)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------ghetto (n.) : (in certain European cities)a section to which Jews were formerly restricted(某些欧洲城市中从前的)犹太人居住区----------------------------------------------------------------------------------sore (adj.) : giving or feeling physical pain；painful疼痛的；感到疼痛的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------skull—cap (n.) : a light，closefitting，brimless cap，usually worn indoors(室内戴的)无沿便帽----------------------------------------------------------------------------------infest (v.) : overrun or inhabit in large numbers，usually so as to be harmful or bothersome；swarm in or over(虫害等)侵扰；骚扰；蔓延----------------------------------------------------------------------------------booth (n.) : a stall for the sale of goods，as at markets or fairs(市场或集市上的)货摊；摊店，摊棚----------------------------------------------------------------------------------prehistoric (adj.) : pertaining to ancient times，veryold-fashioned老式的；古旧的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------warp (v.) : become bent or twisted out of shape变弯曲；变歪----------------------------------------------------------------------------------frenzied (adj.) : full of uncontrolled excitement疯狂的，狂乱的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------clamour (v.) : make a loud confused noise or shout；cry out 喧嚷，喧嚣，吵闹----------------------------------------------------------------------------------grope (v.) : feel or search about blindly，hesitantly，or uncertainly摸索；探索----------------------------------------------------------------------------------self-contained (adj.) : having within oneself or itself all that is necessary；self-sufficient，as a community自给自足的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------witchcraft (n.) : the power or practices of witches: black magic；sorcery巫术；魔法----------------------------------------------------------------------------------square (adj.[colloq.]) : satisfying；solid；substantial[口]令人满意的；充实的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------conspicuous (adj.) : attracting attention by being unexpected，unusual，outstanding惹人注目的，显眼的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------grove (n.) : orchard果园----------------------------------------------------------------------------------legionnaire (n.) : a member of a legion军团的成员----------------------------------------------------------------------------------back—breaking (adj.) : requiring great physical exertion；very tiring费劲的；辛苦的，累人的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------desolate (adj.) : uninhabited；deserted荒无人烟的，荒凉的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------lucerne (n.) : a type of plant whose leaves grow in groups of three and which is used for feeding farm animals紫花苜蓿----------------------------------------------------------------------------------fodder (n.) : gorse food for cattle，horses，sheep，etc. as cornstalks，hay and straw(牛、马、羊的)粗饲料；饲草----------------------------------------------------------------------------------yoke (v.) : put a yoke on；join together；link用轭连起；连合；连结----------------------------------------------------------------------------------harrow (n.) : a heavy frame with spikes or sharp—edged disks，drawn by a horse 0r tractor and used for breaking up and leveling plowed ground，covering seeds，rooting up weeds，etc．耙----------------------------------------------------------------------------------furrow (n.) : a narrow groove made in the ground by a plow 沟，畦；犁沟----------------------------------------------------------------------------------trickle (n.) : the act of trickling；a slow，small flow滴，淌；细流；----------------------------------------------------------------------------------subsoil (n.) : the layer of soil beneath the surface soil底土，下层土，----------------------------------------------------------------------------------mummify (v.) : shrivel or dry up干瘪；枯干；成木乃伊状----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hobble (v.) : go unsteadily，haltingly，etc．蹒跚----------------------------------------------------------------------------------leathery (adj.) : 1ike leather in appearance or texture. tough and flexible(外观或质地)似皮革的；坚韧的，粗硬的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------infuriate (v.) : cause to become very angry；enrage(使)发怒，激怒----------------------------------------------------------------------------------damnably (adv.) : execrably该诅咒地；极坏地----------------------------------------------------------------------------------packsaddle (n.) : a saddle with fastenings to secure and balance the load carried by a pack animal驮鞍----------------------------------------------------------------------------------bridle (n.) : a head harness for guiding a horse马勒----------------------------------------------------------------------------------halter (n.) : a rope，cord，strap，etc．，usually with a headstall，for tying or leading an animal；a bitless headstall，with or without a lead rope缰绳；(马)笼头----------------------------------------------------------------------------------gut (n.[usu．in p1.]) : the bowels；entrails[常用复]内脏----------------------------------------------------------------------------------plight (n.) : condition or state of affairs；esp，now, an awkward．sad，or dangerous situation情况；状态；(现尤指)苦境；困境或险境----------------------------------------------------------------------------------gall (v.) : injure or make sore by rubbing；chafe擦伤，擦痛；磨----------------------------------------------------------------------------------stork (n.) : any of a family of large，long—legged，mostly old—world wading birds．having a long neck and bill，and related to the herons鹳----------------------------------------------------------------------------------reach-me—down (adj．[colloq.]) : second—hand or ready—made(衣服)用旧的；别人用过的；现成的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------khaki (adj.) : made of khaki(cloth)卡其(布)制的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------squash (v.) : force one’s way；squeeze挤进，挤入----------------------------------------------------------------------------------slump (v.) : have a drooping posture or gait低头弯腰(而行)；消沉----------------------------------------------------------------------------------inquisitive (adj.) : inclined to ask many questions or seek information；eager to learn好询问的；好奇的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------syphilis (n.) : an infectious venereal disease，caused by a spirochete and usually transmitted by sexual intercourse or acquired congenitally梅毒----------------------------------------------------------------------------------garrison (n.) : troops stationed in a fort or fortified place 驻军；卫戍部队----------------------------------------------------------------------------------charger (n.) : a horse ridden in battle or on parade战马, 军马----------------------------------------------------------------------------------短语 (Expressions)square meal: a complete and satisfying meal美餐丰盛的、令人满足----------------------------------------------------------------------------------in a cloud: a large number of small things moving through the air as amass一团例： a cloud of locusts一群蝗虫----------------------------------------------------------------------------------get at: to approach or reach到达，得到例： You have to use a little ladder to get at the jars on the top shelves．你得使用一把小梯才可以拿到架子上面的坛子。