2012年北航三系305(即导航方向)复试试题(回忆版)
北航计算机系考研复试上机真题及答案(06-12年)
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#endif /* JOBDU_H_ */ while(scanf("%d",&N) != EOF){
int i,j; //初始化 memset(data,-1,100*4*sizeof(int)); //读入数据 for(i=0;i<N;i++){
for(j=0;j<N;j++){ scanf("%d",&island[i][j]);
area++;
//printf("i=%d,j=%d\n",i,j); for debug } } } } printf("%d\n",area); } return 0; }
3.【问题描述】
统计关键字出现位置
输入：
一行标准 c 语言代码（字符个数小于 300），统计出该字符串中关键字的 if，while，for 所 在的位置，按照关键字出现的顺序依次输出。注意双引号内的不需要统计。 输入：一行标准 c 语言代码，字符个数小于 300
输入：
第一行输入一个整数 N，表示输入方阵的维数 输入一个 N 维方阵
输出：
小岛面积
样例输入：
6 111111 110001 100010 110111 010100 111111
北航宇航学院各方向研究生复试经验介绍
一. 飞行器设计对于本校的学生来说，每年复试的内容可能会不太一样，所以具体的准备还是以到时学校通知为主，这里主要介绍去年的复试，仅供参考。
2012年飞行器设计专业复试分为笔试和面试，笔试又分为专业课和专业英语。
专业课考的是航天器动力学基础，给了一本参考书是肖叶伦教授的《航天器建模**》之类的，具体名字不太记得了，北航本校本专业的学生可以直接用赵育善老师航天器飞行动力学课的教材，内容基本是一样的。
把这本书好好的看一遍就可以了，一个星期绝对没有问题，因为考试考的也都是比较基础的东西，看懂概念，轨道六要素，欧拉角、奇点问题，摄动，航空航天器的分类, 还有几个坐标系转换，基本都是概念，动力学方程以及复杂的公式都不会考，四元数的计算也不会考。
有条件的同学想办法找一下赵育善老师那门课往年的期末考试题，可以作为参考。
跨专业的、以前没接触过航天课程的同学，如果看不懂书可以去找一下你联系的导师，让他安排个学生给你稍微指点一下。
专业英语的话考的是翻译，给了几段中文和英文，汉译英以及英译汉，每一段都不长，都是跟航天知识有一些关系的，准备的话上网搜索一些航天相关词汇背一背就好，当然也不用找特别专业的词汇，毕竟考试中的那些单词还都是平时读文献会比较常用到的。
面试的话也不用很紧张，基本都是先简单的介绍一下自己（只有中文，没有英文介绍），问问你跟的导师是谁，四六级考了多少分，如实回答就可以。
北航的同学会很快，老师问什么你答什么就行了。
外校的同学老师会再问一下你本科参加竞赛的情况，或者是毕业设计的内容，在本科期间参加的重要活动什么的。
总之面试其实是个很简单的事，完全不必担心，放松心态正常交流就行了。
最后提一下，其实复试并没有那么难，大家能够通过初试，都是从成千上万同龄人中脱颖而出的佼佼者，应付这么一个小考试完全没有问题。
而且我留意了一下，复试名单是按照初试成绩的名次排列的，经过复试之后，前面二三十个人的名次是完全没有变化的，复试的目的只是为了从后几名中筛选一下，所以初试成绩比较高的同学只要稍加准备正常发挥就行了，不用担心的太多。
北航自动化三系305(即导航方向)外推复试
补充版：北航复试注重计控，数电，计控方面的只是，还有很杂的东西都有，比如概率论，模电，但那不是重点，要是不会的话就直接跟老师说自己忘了，但是其它科目得学得好。
面试时把老师往自己会的方向引就好。
当然要好好准备了以下是自己在复习时总结的东西，有一些是往届复试题，答案瞎写的，仅供参考。
I、笔试3、填空题：在微分方程、传递函数、状态空间方程三种形式下，二阶系统的固有频率分别由什么量给出。
A.微分方程系数（sqrt(a2/a0)）；B.wn；C.特征值(sqrt(入1*入2)）。
4、给了一个弹簧振子的图，根据条件写出微分方程。
这个应该会5、给了一个系统的电路图，让你补全负反馈部分的电路，并且画出系统的框图。
真心不好，电路原理很重要！！！！！！！！！6、PID控制的特点是什么？比例、积分、微分对系统分别有什么影响？PID特点是结构简单，稳定性好，工作可靠，调整方便。
比例系数Kp对系统性能的影响：稳定情况下，Kp增加，稳态误差减小，系统响应速度加快，但如果Kp偏大，调节时间加长，甚至不稳定；积分控制能消除系统静差，但如果积分作用太强，系统将不稳定；微分能预测误差变化趋势，选择合适的微分作用能减小系统超调，缩短调节时间，允许加大比例控制，但微分作用过大或过小都会适得其反。
7、保持器的作用是什么？在被控对象前加一个保持器充当滤波器的作用，可以再现主频谱分量而除掉附加的高频谱分量，把数字信号无失真的恢复成连续信号。
8、离散系统的稳定条件是什么？闭环脉冲传递函数的全部极点位于z平面上以原点为圆心的单位圆内。
9、连续系统的稳定条件是什么？闭环传递函数的全部极点位于s平面的左半平面。
10、在阶跃输入下，为了研究被控对象，应记录响应的“过渡过程曲线”还是“稳定之后的曲线”？如果是正弦输入呢？在阶跃输入下，应记录“过渡过程曲线”，正弦输入下，应记录“稳定之后的曲线”。
因为一般情况阶跃输入下是在时域下研究被控对象，而正弦输入一般是在复频域研究。
2012年西电、北航、北邮计算机考研复试安排
北航2012年计算机学院复试安排：计算机学院关于2012年硕士研究生招生复试要求计算机学院2012年硕士研究生招生复试分数线报考我院全国统考生一志愿报考专业复试资格基本线如下表：报考我院的考生，若一志愿专业初试成绩达到相应报考学科专业（专业领域）的我院复试资格线且满足复试要求，即可以申请进行调剂，经学院同意后参加复试。
如：某生一志愿报考计算机科学与技术，考分超过338分，可申请调剂到测绘科学与技术或计算机技术专业学位。
1.每个导师2012年的招生计划总数由上述各类招收计划构成。
2.学院根据各位导师在近两年的科研情况和学院学科基地建设需要，以及已经招收推免研究生的情况，综合考虑各个导师的招生指标。
公布的导师统招生源录取名额不含各导师已经录取的推免生名额。
名额十分紧张，请严格执行，绝对不能突破。
3.复试办法：复试采取差额复试的办法，复试分为专业英语、专业基础能力测试（笔试和C语言上机考试）和综合面试三部分，专业英语50分，专业基础150分，面试150分，复试总成绩350分。
专业英语或者专业基础测试达不到要求者不能进入面试环节。
4.面试小组至少由5位教师组成（含秘书），每生面试时间一般不少于20分钟。
5.面试注重能力和培养潜力的考核，面试过程中秘书必须做好详细记录，以备复查。
6.各面试小组根据导师计划数，从该导师的面试生源中按综合成绩（初试成绩＋专业基础能力测试（笔试和C语言上机考试）＋综合面试成绩）排序提出拟录取名单，报学院复试工作领导小组审核。
一、复试1）复试报到：3月27日上午8:30，参加复试的考生到新主楼G849报到，递交复试资格审查材料，进行考生复试资格审核，同时领取导师情况简介和导师志愿表。
11:00召开复试政策说明会，会议地点届时通知。
参加复试的考生根据招生类别、导师介绍、导师招生人数等情况填报志愿，下午18:00前将志愿表返回G849（过时无故不交，视为自动放弃复试）。
2.复试办法：复试采取差额复试的办法，复试分为专业英语、专业基础能力测试（笔试和C语言上机考试）和综合面试三部分，专业英语50分，专业基础150分，面试150分，复试总成绩350分。
北京航空航天专业大三航天专业机载设备II考试试卷及参考答案1
北京航空航天大学机载设备II考试试卷及参考答案1一、单项选择题（5’）1.( )是利用静电场作为陀螺的支撑，把一个高速旋转的陀螺球悬浮在密封的真空壳体中运行而成的陀螺。
A、微机电陀螺仪B、静电陀螺仪C、光纤陀螺D、液态陀螺答案：B2.（）就是单位时间内飞行高度的变化量。
A、加速度B、高度变化率C、速度变化率D、加速度变化率答案：B3.( )是用于测量飞行器上加速度计安装点的绝对加速度沿加速度计输入轴分量的惯性敏感器。
A、加速度计B、陀螺罗经C、陀螺D、转速表答案：A4.通过装载在飞机上的惯性传感器自动测量飞机即时飞行参数，经过计算机解算出飞机姿态、位置、速度等信息的导航系统称为（）。
A、制导系统B、自导系统C、惯导系统D、主控系统答案：C5.( )是指两种或者两种以上的不同导航系统对同一信息源做测量，从这些测量值的比较值中提取各系统的误差并校正。
A、主动导航技术B、组合导航技术C、惯性导航技术D、天文导航技术答案：B6.( )以电力为能源，通常由电动机、测速装置、位置传感器、齿轮传动机构和安全保护装置组成。
A、燃气舵机B、气动舵机C、电动舵机D、液压舵机答案：C7.（）是在飞机设计的初始阶段就考虑到电传飞行控制系统对总体设计的要求，充分发挥飞行控制系统功能的一种飞机设计技术。
A、手动控制技术B、主动控制技术C、混合控制技术D、微控制技术答案：B8.( )是飞机在沿基准轨迹飞行时受到外界扰动和导航的不确定性引起轨迹偏离时的一种决策。
A、控制B、制导C、导航D、自导答案：B9.（）由传感器、输入接口、中央处理机组件、输出接口、自检和故障监控系统等部分组成。
A、数字式大气数据计算机B、模拟式大气数据计算机C、混合式答案：A10.（）是采用微电子和微机械加工制造出来的新型传感器。
与传统的传感器相比，它具有体积小、质量轻、成本低等特点。
A、静电陀螺仪B、微机械陀螺仪C、光纤陀螺仪D、激光陀螺仪答案：B11.物理学家（）（1853－1928）首先提出了运动电荷产生磁场和磁场对运动电荷有作用力的观点，为纪念他，人们称这种力为洛伦兹力。
北航 3系 双控考研复试总结
看了很多帖子，感觉对双控的总结都不怎么靠谱。
因此本屌觉得很有必要写一下今年（12年）三系双控复试的情况，让以后报考的同学们少走些弯路，少经历些我原来因为看到各种不靠谱消息所产生的惶恐。
双控今年招收13个学术硕士（专硕我不清楚），比往年削减了很多，而且今年考分很高，竞争异常激烈。
复试前曾经收到短信，建议390以下的同学调剂到别的方向。
鉴于此情况，系里可能动了侧影之心，给我们又增加了一个专硕名额，也只是这一个而已。
最终来参加复试的共有34人，其中强军计划的有2人，不占以上14个名额（13学+1专）。
400分及以上的有14人，390分及以上（包括400以上）的有24人（此处可见本论坛的投票十分不靠谱）。
最终录取结果大致如下：初试排名第二425分的同学不幸被调剂专硕，另有几个400以上直接被刷。
录取的初试最低分不详，我预计不低于390（该预计不靠谱，欢迎拍砖），可见初试分还是很重要的（原先听说复试满分也是500，最后录取是看初试+复试满分1000分的得分，让我以为初始分高点根本没优势，现在看来，初试分参考价值还是比较大）。
复试共分为笔试和面试。
面试又细分为理论、工程、英语三个组。
笔试满分150分，本屌认为十分难，本来考前愁笔试愁的肠子都快断了，后来一看考题，顿时释然了，因为这个难度和题量，本屌认为大家肯定也都半斤八两。
考完之后众屌丝聚在一起分析也都认为笔试应该只是个参考。
但是不能因此就说不重视笔试，你要是能做上其他人做不出的题，你也有优势嘛不是！笔试具体考题本屌实在记不起来，但是考的科目可以说说：概率（3道）、静力学（2道还是3道记不太清了）、自控（3道）、单片机应用连线题一道、C语言编程一道（我们考的是编一个万年历，已知2008年1月1日是星期X，要求这个函数能完成以下功能：输入年月日，输出这天是星期几）、设计题一道（要求不高，给出大致框架即可）、汉译英1段（个人认为超难）、英译汉2段（比汉译英容易多了），还有一道题（在卷子上是第二大题），由于本屌丝智商趋近窝狗，不知道到底考的是什么，就我理解可能是考平面几何，初中的内容。
2012北航三系研究生复试部分题目
序：随着研究生复试的日益临近，各位考研学子又开始了新一轮的忙碌。
然而学院提供的研究生复试考察范围一向是云山雾罩，恨不得把本科课程都列上去才甘心。
因此三系研会为各位师弟师妹们整理了去年复试考察的部分题目（不太全面）供大家参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
一、控制科学与控制工程方向（301）笔试部分：1．考研数学，常微分方程，微积分，齐次方程组求解，或者概率题等较为基础的数学计算。
2．数学建模题，根据日常生活中遇到的数学问题，建立数学模型，列公式求解。
3．理论力学，静力学或者动力学，考察力学基本原理和公式。
4．C语言编程题，编写程序实现特定的功能。
5．创新应用题，综合应用学过的知识如电路，微机原理等设计或者解决生活中的问题，要求给出设计思路和原理，预测结果。
6．单片机或微机原理，常用的芯片功能和引脚要熟悉，可设计电路实现简单功能。
7．专业英语考察，英译汉，汉译英。
面试部分：1. 专业基础组面试，现场随机抽取三道专业题，范围涵盖考研数学，静力学，动力学，自控原理，现控原理等，现场在黑板上作答。
1.专业英语组面试，由面试老师指定一段科技英语，读完一遍之后口译。
读错或口译错一处减一分。
2.专业实践组面试，在场面试老师随机发问，一般会考察专业知识在实际中的应用和设计。
如什么是滤波器，如何设计一个稳定的控制器实现特定的控制作用，PID控制器的原理等专业问题，以及手机屏幕会随姿态变横屏或者竖屏是什么原理，如何计算一栋楼的高度等设计应用题。
二、检测与自动化工程（302）笔试部分：1．复习一下信号与测试系统；2．还有袁梅老师的专业课，好像叫飞行测试系统；3．杨波老师的专业课；4．计算机控制系统；5．还有王秋生老师的数字信号处理。
考的概念居多，主要考思想。
出的题大多是设计或者是问能用哪方面知识去测试和分析。
比如说测量一座桥梁各个位置的震动频率，使用什么传感器，怎么布局，怎么设计基本电路。
最后得到的结果怎样反映出振动频率。
面试部分：1. 自我介绍尽量说的自然清楚一些；2. 面试的时候首先还是英语，不用太快，也不用太长；3. 如果本科有做过项目的可以准备一下自己做的项目，检测这边主要偏重于问控制方面的东西和检测专业的东西；5. 说得清楚明白最好，重点阐述过程和技术难点，以及是怎样攻关的；6. 老师可能会问平时成绩，说的简洁一些；三、机械电子工程（303）笔试部分1.英译汉，汉译英，注重连贯，专业的一些词汇比如力矩torque要认识；2.动力学的基本定律的简单应用：比如动量距定律，动能定律要会，要会一些简单的转动惯量的计算，比如圆盘；3.机械部分考了常识，比如让你说几种常见的轴承的名字；4.电路部分侧重于方案的设计，有什么idea写上去；5.微机原理一些基本的概念要清楚，比如中断什么的，但是不会考得太细。
北航2012年机械设计期末试卷答案
北京航空航天大学2011－2012 学年第二学期期末《机械原理》A卷评分标准2012年6月5日班级__________ 学号__________ 姓名__________ 成绩__________《机械原理》期末考试卷注意事项： 1、请将解答写在试卷上；2、草稿纸上的解答不作为批改试卷的依据；3、图解法解答请保留作图过程和作图辅助线。
题目：一、机构自由度计算…………………………………………………………(14分)二、机构运动分析……………………………………………………………(14分)三、连杆机构设计……………………………………………………………(15分)四、凸轮机构…………………………………………………………………(14分)五、齿轮机构…………………………………………………………………(15分)六、轮系………………………………………………………………………(14分)七、机械系统动力学…………………………………………………………(14分)一、计算图示运动链的自由度。
若有复合铰链、局部自由度或虚约束，必须指出。
（已知ABCD 和CDEF 是平行四边形。
）共14分F 处为复合铰链 （2分） I （或J ）为虚约束 （1分） CD （或AB ）为虚约束 （2分） 滚子K 处为局部自由度 （1分）（5分）（3分）二、在下图所示的机构中，已知原动件１以等角速度ω1沿逆时针方向转动，试确定：（1）机构的全部瞬心；（2）构件3的速度v 3（写出表达式）。
共14分（1）该机构有4个构件，所以共有6个瞬心。
通过直接判断，可以得到瞬心P 14、P 24和P 34的位置，如习题2-21解图所示。
（3分）依据三心定理，瞬心P 12应位于P 14和P 24的连线上；另外，构件1和2组成高副，所以瞬心P 12还应位于构件1和2廓线在接触点处的公法线nn 上，这样就得到了瞬心P 12的位置，如下图所示。
同理可得到瞬心P 23。
北航机器人所2012笔试
B卷第一题：数电（10分），三级管的静态放大倍数：已知Ucc=+15V，Ubb=+2V,Ube=0.7V,rb=50K,Rc=(1):求Uce(2):当晶体管饱和时，问rb是多少？第二题：（10分）请列出四种机械零件中的常用材料，并指出其特性第三题：（10）分列出至少三种能把旋转运动转换为直线运动的机构并画出其简图第四题（10分）轴系改错：指出其中错误即可第五题：名词解示（10分）robotics、ANYS、ADAMS、OEM、MCU、Android、GDP等十个第六题（5）分什么是闭环控制，说说他的作用第七题（5）分说说“航空”和“航天”的曲别第八题10分，请用20字以内概括说说以下人名，正确十个即为满分：拉里-佩齐、朱光亚、王永志、郭明义、林书豪、希拉里-克林顿、加藤一郎、蒋新松、孙家栋等第九题：（5分）什么是机器周期第十题：（5分）请用与非门实现以下逻辑关系（1）:L=A(B+D)然后取反（2）:L=(A+B)(C+D)然后取反第十一题：忘记了专业英语：（40分）翻译以下文段：The word robot was introduced to the public by the Czech interwar writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), published in 1920.[38] The play begins in a factory that makes artificial people called robots, though they are closer to the modern ideas of androids, creatures who can be mistaken for humans. They can plainly think for themselves, though they seem happy to serve. At issue is whether the robots are being exploited and the consequences of their treatment.Karel Čapek himself did not coin the word. He wrote a short letter in reference to an etymology in the Oxford English Dictionary in which he named his brother, the painter and writer Josef Čapek, as its actual originator.[38]In an article in the Czech journal Lidové noviny in 1933, he explained that he had originally wanted to call the creatures laboři ("workers", f rom Latin labor) or dělňasi (from Czech dělníci - "workers"). However, he did not like the word, and sought advice from his brother Josef, who suggested "roboti". The word robota means literally "corvée", "serf labor", and figuratively "drudgery" or "hard work" in Czech and also (more general) "work", "labor" in many Slavic languages (e.g.: Slovak, Polish, Macedonian, Ukrainian, archaic Czech). Traditionally the robota was the work period a serf (corvée) had to give for his lord, typically 6 months of the year. The origin of the word is the Old Church Slavonic rabota "servitude" ("work" in contemporary Bulgarian and Russian), which in turn comes from the Indo-European root *orbh-.[39] Serfdomwas outlawed in 1848 in Bohemia, so at the time Čapek wrote R.U.R., usage of the term robota had broadened to include various types of work, but the obsolete sense of "serfdom" would still have been known.[40] It is not clear from which language Čapek took the radix "robot(a)". This question is not irrelevant, because its answer could help to reveal an original Čapek´s conception of robots. If from the modern Czech language, the notion of robot should be understood as an …automatic serf“ (it means a subordinated creature without own will). If from e.g. Slovak (Karel Čapek and his brother were frequent visitors of Slovakia which in this time was a part of Czechoslovakia, because their father MUDr. Antonín Čapek from 1916 worked as a physician in Trenčianske Teplice.[41]), the word robot would simply mean a …worker“ which is a more universal and neutral notion. The aspect of pronunciation probably also played a role in Čapek's final decision: In non-Slavic languages it is easier to pronounce the word robot than dělňas or laboř.The word robotics, used to describe this field of study, was coined by the science fiction writer Isaac Asimov. Asimov created the "Three Laws of Robotics" which are a recurring theme in his books. These have since been used by many others to define laws used in fact and fiction. Introduced in his 1942 short story "Runaround" the Laws state the following:“ 1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.2. A robot must obey any orders given to it by human beings, except where suchorders would conflict with the First Law.3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflictwith the First or Second Law说明：文章源自Etymology of Robot From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia。
育明考研：2012年北京航空航天大学行政管理考研真题及答案解析
北京航空航天大学行管视频课程+内部资料+最后押题三套卷+公共课阅卷人一对一点评=2500元7月1日前购买8折优惠育明教育行管专业资深专家徐老师解析：整体看来，2013年的北京航空航天大学行管研究生入学考试的专业课的难度并不大，基本上还是延续着往年的难度，所以，2014年的北航考研的复习还是要以基础为关键点，打好基础。
因为北航并不对外公布参考书目，育明教育根据内部信息和7年的辅导经验，为2014年准备考取北航研究生的学生提供最权威的参考书目以及内部信息，希望能给14年准备考研的学生带来最大的帮助。
北京航空航天大学行政管理考研状元笔记第三章行政权力第一节行政权力概述一、行政权力的涵义行政权力这一定义，包括以下五个方面的主要内容：第一，行政权力的主体必须是国家行政机关及其工作人员。
第二，行政权力的根本目标，是通过执行国家的法律和政策有效地实现国家意志。
第三，行政权力的作用方式主要是强制性地推行政令。
第四，行政权力的客体包括所有的居民及其所组成的各种社会组织和集团，囊括领土范围内的整个社会。
第五，行政权力的性质是一种由社会上少数人行使的管理权力。
二、关于行政权力的主要学说（一）早期分权学说——亚里士多德(Aristotle) 《政治学》；古罗马的波利比阿(Polybius) （二）三权分立学说——查理•孟德斯鸠（Charles Montesquieu）（三）政治与行政二分法——乔汉•布隆赤里(Johann Bluntschli)；伍德罗•威尔逊；马克斯•韦伯；古德诺（四）五权宪法学说——孙中山先生在借鉴西方三权分立学说的基础上，结合中国的政治传统所创立的一种学说。
（五）议行合一学说——马克思主义的观点，认为行政权力与立法权力是统一的。
法国巴黎公社首创了议行合一的先例。
（六）组织权力学说——组织权力普遍存在，其重要功能在于建立和维持社会秩序。
三、行政权力的结构（一）行政权力的静态结构——纵向的层级结构+横向的部门结构（二）行政权力的动态结构——由权力作用的方向、方式、轨道、层次、时间和结果等要素结合在一起所构成的权力运行模式四、行政权力的特征及其与其他权力的关系（一）行政权力的特性1．公共性。
北航自动化三系305(即导航方向)外推复试教学内容
北航自动化三系305(即导航方向)外推复试补充版：北航复试注重计控，数电，计控方面的只是，还有很杂的东西都有，比如概率论，模电，但那不是重点，要是不会的话就直接跟老师说自己忘了，但是其它科目得学得好。
面试时把老师往自己会的方向引就好。
当然要好好准备了以下是自己在复习时总结的东西，有一些是往届复试题，答案瞎写的，仅供参考。
I、笔试3、填空题：在微分方程、传递函数、状态空间方程三种形式下，二阶系统的固有频率分别由什么量给出。
A.微分方程系数（sqrt(a2/a0)）；B.wn；C.特征值(sqrt(入1*入2)）。
4、给了一个弹簧振子的图，根据条件写出微分方程。
这个应该会5、给了一个系统的电路图，让你补全负反馈部分的电路，并且画出系统的框图。
真心不好，电路原理很重要！！！！！！！！！6、PID控制的特点是什么？比例、积分、微分对系统分别有什么影响？PID特点是结构简单，稳定性好，工作可靠，调整方便。
比例系数Kp对系统性能的影响：稳定情况下，Kp增加，稳态误差减小，系统响应速度加快，但如果Kp偏大，调节时间加长，甚至不稳定；积分控制能消除系统静差，但如果积分作用太强，系统将不稳定；微分能预测误差变化趋势，选择合适的微分作用能减小系统超调，缩短调节时间，允许加大比例控制，但微分作用过大或过小都会适得其反。
7、保持器的作用是什么？在被控对象前加一个保持器充当滤波器的作用，可以再现主频谱分量而除掉附加的高频谱分量，把数字信号无失真的恢复成连续信号。
8、离散系统的稳定条件是什么？闭环脉冲传递函数的全部极点位于z平面上以原点为圆心的单位圆内。
9、连续系统的稳定条件是什么？闭环传递函数的全部极点位于s平面的左半平面。
10、在阶跃输入下，为了研究被控对象，应记录响应的“过渡过程曲线”还是“稳定之后的曲线”？如果是正弦输入呢？在阶跃输入下，应记录“过渡过程曲线”，正弦输入下，应记录“稳定之后的曲线”。
因为一般情况阶跃输入下是在时域下研究被控对象，而正弦输入一般是在复频域研究。
2012南航复试
7写出识别活前缀的DFA，造出SLR（1）表
8翻译模式，是一个常见题
9给一个基本块 画DAG 并写出优化后的四元式
编译原理题目只能说说考了什么内容，题目都很主流的，也就是说只要大家之前用一本习题的话，题目基本上都碰到过，没什么新题啥的
专业面试，基本上一个老师问一到两个问题样子
我说说我面试状况：
英文自我介绍本来背的烂熟的，结果GoodMorning之后就忘了，重复了三遍GoodMorning，真囧，然后老师用英文问 能不能不要重复，随便介绍自己，不要背准备好的
我说好的 然后开始背的顺了 背完了
记录员指了两段书 让我先读 读完翻译一下 内容比较简单，难度不大
接下来是专业面试了
老师提问主要是根据你本科成绩单，所报的方向 提问题
1说说冯诺依曼结果和哈弗结构特点
2网络的 协议的定义是什么 并举例子
3网络的 为什么网络层提供了不可靠的ip协议 传输层还要再提供一个不可靠的udp协议
4网络的 ip数据包的理论长度多少，实际长度多少，并说明为什么
面试
今年据说面试比较严格 流程简述如下
先集中在报告厅等，然后有人领着去面试
面试的地点就是老师的办公室，不是什么教室，不会说老师都做成一排，坐的比较随意。
面试有四个老师，还有一个好像是记录员，你嘴一张好像就给你把说的记下来。
面试流程：
英文自我介绍
读一段英文书籍，读完后翻译，不是读一句翻一句
Hale Waihona Puke 第三题（图不画了） 给出一个图，判断其是不是欧拉图，哈密顿图，二部图，平面图，并写出理由
（点评:根据各种图的判定定理，不难写出）
西北工业大学828光学2012年(回忆版)考研专业课真题试卷
2012年西北工业大学光学考研真题（回忆版）
简答题
1、光栅光谱仪的角色散率、线色散率和色分辨本领的数学表达式为何？
2、艾里斑的线半径怎样计算？
3、在什么情况下哪种光有半波损失？
4、实现偏振光的干涉至少需要哪几个元件？它们分别起什么作用？
5、什么是人为双折射？
计算题
1、空气中双凹厚透镜的两个凹面半径r1和r2分别为-8厘米和7厘米,沿主轴的厚度为2厘米.玻璃折射率n为1.5.求焦点和主平面位置,一物点位于焦点F处,求其象点位置.
2、比耶对切透镜是由焦距为f=10厘米的薄会聚透镜从中间截取宽度为a后剩下的两个半截对接构成.在距其x=3/2f处置一宽度为b的缝状光源,发出的光波长为597nm,缝上不同点所辐射的光是不相干的.在对切透镜的另一侧L=330厘米处置观察屏,试问当狭缝的宽度为多少时,屏上干涉条纹消失?。
北航复试问题
重要提示：此咨询答案是根据往年情况回答的，每年情况不一，所以并不代表明年会是完全一样。
如若回答和学校及上级文件有差异，以学校及上级文件为准。
关于第一志愿报考学术型还是专业型的情况介绍：航空科学与工程学院有6个系，具体见. cn/xyfc/xsjs/index.htm；对应专业见下表：080100 力学005 对应单位_ 01动力学与控制动力学与控制系_ 02结构与强度结构强度系（固体力学研究所）_ 03固体力学结构强度系（固体力学研究所）_ 04飞行器空气动力学空气动力学系（流体力学研究所）_ 05流体力学空气动力学系（流体力学研究所）_ 06实验力学结构强度系及空气动力学系都有_ 07计算力学结构强度系及空气动力学系都有080700005_ 01新型制冷及空调技术人机与环境工程系_ 02飞行器环境控制人机与环境工程系_ 03低温余热利用技术人机与环境工程系082500005_ 01飞行器总体设计飞机系_ 02飞行器结构设计及CAD 飞机系_ 03气动弹性数字化设计与主动控制飞机系_ 04航空器飞行动力学与控制飞行力学与飞行安全系_ 05航空器飞行安全飞行力学与飞行安全系_ 06安全工程人机与环境工程系_ 07环境控制及环境人机工程人机与环境工程系085232005航空工程备注：航空工程不区分专业方向，该专业在各个系都有，具体研究方向以导师归属的单位而定，面试时和专业学位学生一同进行。
举例来说：小B同学报考的A导师是飞机所的飞行器设计专业的，那么小B同学到飞机系的面试现场去，如果被录取后，课程培养计划偏向于飞行器设计方面。
1、贵院的工程热物理每年的报录比大概是多少？答：对于有复试资格的同学来说接近100%2、贵院的工程热物理专业是那年开始招收研究生的？答：比较早了。
3、历年复试分数线大概多少？答：学院历年复试分数线在2011年以前都是按照学校的照顾专业分数线（具体见研招办网页上的往年资讯的常见问题中/05CONTENTS/05ZCYBZ/recruit04_05Questi ons.htm），只是飞行器设计近几年的复试分数线会高20分左右，2011年分数线见下表。
北航电子信息工程学院研究生复试（本站推荐）
北航电子信息工程学院研究生复试（本站推荐）第一篇：北航电子信息工程学院研究生复试（本站推荐）1.复试流程：复试人员分组（张贴）——提交档案材料、交手续费——组内成员抽签排序——按次序进行复试2．复试内容：自我介绍——英文文献翻译——专业知识考查提醒：复试时准备个人简历，一般一个复试考场内有十位老师，保证每位老师手中一份。
这样老师的问题一般会出自简历中的经历、课程等内容。
3.具体题目：香农定理，傅里叶变换、傅里叶变换的条件及为什么要进行变换，狄里克莱函数的条件，二极管与三极管的原理（三极管放大的基本原理），飞机为什么会飞，什么叫有源元件，什么是蜂窝网，移动给通信带来了什么问题，什么是3G，冲击函数的定义、冲击函数的意义，戴维南定理，调制分为哪几种，什么是系统的线性、时不变、因果性质，共模抑制比，TCP-IP协议分几层，高斯白噪声，高斯和白分别代表什么含义，概率为0的事件一定不可能发生么？（不一定）举例说明。
狄利克雷听过没有？大科学家的事迹；FIR IIR，数学里面有多少种积分，极限是什么，什么是匹配滤波器，为什么要用匹配滤波器，数电里三种触发模式是什么，信息量，还有个模电的差分放大器几种模式吧，还有个数字信号处理的跟滤波器的啥啥啥相关的，不记得了下面是分类整理的，以上的内容是根据我们班同学的共同努力想起来的，下面的东西是摘抄网络上的，不过都很重要，希望能有所帮助。
注：红色部分是比较重要的内容。
电路分析基尔霍夫定律 KCL KVL受控源运算放大器虚短虚断戴维宁定理诺顿定律对称三相电压有效值计算正弦量与相量互化感性电路容性电路最大功率传输定理模拟电路本征半导体双极型的含义稳压管二极管在模拟电路中多数情况下的工作状态（放大状态，场效应管在恒流区）场效应管放大电路的放大的本质是能量的控制和转移共模信号差模信号共模抑制比电流源电路振荡器中的自激振荡与负反馈放大器中的不同：振荡器中的自激振荡频率是人为选定的正弦波振荡器构成：放大电路，正反馈网络选频网络稳幅环节放大器分类：依据导通角分类，甲类 360 乙类 180 甲乙类在180-360之间丙类小于180数字电路原码反码补码最大项最小项门电路 CMOS OD门 OC门三态输出门数电中三极管的工作状态低电平——截止状态高电平——深度饱和状态组合逻辑电路时序逻辑电路竞争——冒险（及消除方法）触发器锁存器自启动ROM RAM PROM PLD FPGA ASIC 施密特触发器特点单稳态触发器特点多谐振荡器环形振荡器通信电路原理超外差接收机（优缺点及各部分组成）滤波通频带品质因数串联谐振并联谐振巴特沃兹、切比雪夫、贝塞尔、椭圆函数滤波器的特点自动增益控制电路噪声系数噪声温度问：为什么共基比共射频带宽？答：因为共基输入电阻小，输入电容小截止频率高问：为什么晶体管高频时考虑单向化问题低频时不必考虑？答：因为晶体管存在极间跨接电容，高频时构成双向通路输入输出互相影响。
2012北航3系复试经验
三系复试经验本人2012年3月26日参加北航复试，外校生，有幸被录取，下面总结一下经验：一、着装干净就好，不用专门买衣服，西服之类的更不用了。
二、要不要联系导师必须要联系，初试成绩公布后再联系，向学长询问比较好的导师，也可以在北航的网站上查阅老师的研究方向和简历等等。
博导、项目多、论文多的导师优先选择。
联系方式：发邮件跟老师联系，邮件模板在“初试成绩公布后给导师发邮件模板.doc”文件中，一般导师一天后回复或不回复，所以无论怎样，一天后给导师打电话，说些客套话，并询问是否还有名额，委婉地提出当面聊聊的请求，要给老师留下好的印象，要彬彬有礼。
当然比较牛的导师一般都不会给确切的答复，因为联系的人太多，而且普遍是分数高的学生。
所以好好准备复试才是王道，复试表现好老师自然会收。
三、复试复试有500分，和初试一样多，其中面试更为关键，一定要系统化地掌握专业课知识，对专业课每个细节都把握到位，滴水不漏才不会被老师问住。
要准备的科目和笔试类似。
后面会提到。
但每个面试组老师的研究方向都不一样，所以也得看运气啊。
什么样的学生面试成绩高？首先当然是问题答得好的，还有很关键地一点是做项目比较多，实际应用能力强的，有的同学可能因为学校所限这方面比较薄弱，但是以我的经验，这方面是可以适当夸大（把过往的课程实验说成项目等等）和借鉴同学的项目，但要充分准备，不要有破绽。
遇到不会的问题，尽量说出自己掌握的和该问题相关的知识点，实在不会就说不会，要诚实，不要胡编乱造。
四、复试科目：自动化专业英语“自动化专业英语词汇表.doc”文件里的我们学过知识的单词要牢记，最好再读一本自控的英文版。
今年笔试有几段汉译英和英译汉。
面试是抽一段，朗读后，英译汉。
自我介绍临复试前几天熟背。
用模板即可，尽量用简单的单词和语法，重点是读音准确。
自动控制理论重中之重，好好准备吧。
我的资料里有很多关羽自控的问题，不过请各位同学再熟读教材，掌握每个知识点。
我的面试题是滞后校正的原理和系统稳定性的概念和各种判据。
北航2012博士研究生入学考试试题
北航2012博士研究生入学考试试题北京航空航天大学2012年博士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：1001英语(共14页)考生注意：所有答题务必书写在考场提供的答题纸上，写在本试题单上的答题一律无效（本题单不参与阅卷）。
Part I Listening Comprehension(20points)Section A(10%)Directions:In this section,you will hear10short conversations.At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A,B,C and D and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. A.He probably calls his brothers frequently.B.He should call his brothers more often.C.He does a lot of traveling.D.He’s saving money to visit his brothers.2. A.The battery is not correctly positioned.B.She doesn’t know how the calculator works.C.The calculator needs a new battery.D.The man should enter the numbers in a different order.3. A.They can get a guidebook in Montreal.B.It might not be necessary to buy a guidebook.C.He doesn't mind the cost of a guidebook.D.It’s no use trying to study on a trip,4. A.Being hungry.B.Having a big lunch.C.The weather.D.Cooking.5. A.Tom’s apartment probably costs more than the man’s.B.The man’s place is becoming more expensive.C.Her apartment is better than the man’s.D.She wants to see Tom’s new apartment.6A.Drop out of the play.B.Switch parts with another actor.C.Be patient about learning his part.D.Have his lines memorized by tomorrow.7. A.She agrees with the man.B.The man missed the last study mission.C.She didn't understand the last chemistry class.D.The man should be more serious about his studies.8. A.He can’t meet the woman at the engineering building.B.He can’t give the woman a ride.C.He has already passed the engineering building.D.He’ll meet the woman after his appointment.9. A.He'll give the quiz at a later time.B.The quiz will be very short.C.The quiz won't be ready until Thursday.D.He’ll score the quiz quickly.10.A.Take the medicine as she was directed to do.B.Schedule another appointment with her doctor.C.Stop taking the medicine.D.Rest her back for a few days.Section B(10%)Directions:In this section you will hear2passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passageand the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear one question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage111.A.Luxury tax.B.Property tax.C.Income tax.D.Sales tax.12.A.The tax percentage increases as a family's income increases.B.The tax percentage inc reases as a family’s salaries increase.C.The tax percentage decreases as a family's expenses increase.D.The tax percentage increases as a family's property increases.13.A.How long the family owns the property.B.The property's value.C.The owner’s incom e.D.The property’s value and the owner's income.14.A.Public schools.B.Public safety.C.Roads,parks and benefits for the poor.D.All of the above.15.A.To the state government.B.To the federal government.C.To the local government.D.To the community.Passage216.A.The government gives direct subsidy to every faith.B.There is no law by Congress respecting the establishment of religion.C.There is a law by Congress to prohibit the free exercise of religion.D.There is no freedom for Americans to choose their religious faith.17.A.One of the biggest increases in church membership.B.The event of prohibiting the free exercise of religion.C.A big decrease in church membership.D.The emergence of classes in religious study.18.A.9%. B.60%.C.45%.D.52%.19.A.The federal government.B.Public educational institutions.C.Various religious groups.D.The local government.20.A.Their member’s voluntary donations.B.The State Government.C.The private schools.D.Religious groups.Part II Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:There are four passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them,there are4choices marked A,B,C and D.Read the passages carefully and decide on the best choice.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage1The long-term fortunes of the modern economy depend in part on the strength and sustainability of the family, both in relation to fertility trends and to marriage trends.This basic,but often overlooked,principle is now at work in the current global economic crisis.The decline of marriage and fertility is one factor in the global economic crisis.That is,one reason that some of the world’s leading economies—from Japan to Italy to Spain to the euro zone as a whole—are facing fiscal challenges is that their fertility rates have been below replacement levels(2.1children per woman)for decades. Persistent sub-replacement fertility eventually translates into fewer workers relative to retirees,which puts tremendous strains on public coffers and the economy as a whole.Indeed,one recent study finds that almost half of the recent run-up in public debt in the West can be attributed to rapid aging over the last two decades.Even China may see its sky-high growth“come down to earth in the next few decades as its work force shrinks”because of its one-child policy,as Carlos Cavalle and I argued in a recent report.The Sustainable Demographic Dividend.By contrast,a recent Rand study suggests that“In dia will have more favorable demographics than China”over the next few decades,insofar as its work force is poised to grow.In fact,the Rand study suggests that India may be able to use this demographic advantage to outpace China's economic growth rates by the end of the century.Finally,it’s not just fertility that matters;it’s also marriage.At least in the West,children are more likely to acquire the human and social capital they need to thrive in the modern economy when they are raised in an intact, married family,In the U.S.,for instance,children are more likely to graduate from highschool,complete college and be gainfully employed as young adults if they were raised in an intact,married family.And around the globe,men are more likely to give their work their fullest effort and attention when they are married;this is one reason men worldwide enjoy“marriage premiums”in their income,ranging from about14 percent(Mexico)to19percent(UnitedStates)to35percent(Russia).So,at least when it comes to men,research suggests that marriage has important implications for worker productivity.The bottom-line message is that what happens in the home does not stay at home;rather,the size of families,and their stability and quality,has important implications for the health of the global economy.Questions21to25are based on the passage.21.The main idea of this passage is that_________.A.women should bear more children in order to boost the economy.B.both marriage and fertility affect a country’s economy.C.marriage has important implications for worker productivity.D.India will outpace China’s economic growth rate by the end of the century.22.One reason that the world’s leading economies are facing fiscal challenges is that______.A.there is a global economic crisis in recent years.B.there are fewer babies,and consequently,people spend less on many commodities.C.people in these countries have fewer children than needed to replace the population for many years.D.there are tremendous strains on public coffers and the economy as a whole.23.“...its work force is poised to grow”(para.3)probably means____________.A.its work force pauses to grow.B.its work force continues to grow fast.C.its work force continues to grow steadily.D.its work force grows slowly.24.From the passage we know that_________.A.children from an intact,married family are more likely to have a better life.B.the more people a country has,the stronger economy it will have.C.the health of the global economy depends entirely on individual families.D.men are likely to work harder when they are going to have children.25.According to the passage,all the following can affect economy EXCEPT_____________.A.the size of families.B.the stability of families.C.the quality of families.D.men and women ratio within the families.Passage2We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them.But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down,and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us,that is,scientific discoveries andideological revolutions.Our nature is not considered as immutable,either socially or biologically.As we approach the beginning of the21st century,the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles,responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex,and yet,scarcely twenty years ago,these were thought to be“beyond dispute”.We can safely say,with a few minor exceptions,that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the19th century to the1960s.The role distinction,raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model,lasted throughout this period,appealing for its justification to nature,religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time.The woman bore children and took care of the home.The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family,by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary.The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes.Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things.It was felt to be against nature,a deviation from the norm.Sex roles were determined according to the“place”appropriate to each.Women’s place was,first and foremost, in the home.The outside world,i.e.workshops,factories and business firms,belonged to men.This sex-based division of the world(private and public)gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes,which conferred on each its special identity.The woman,sequestered at home,“cared,nurtured and conserved”.T o do this,she had no need to bedaring,ambitious,tough or competitive.The man,on the other hand,competing with his fellow men,was caught up every day in the struggle for survival,and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man.Today,many women go out to work,and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably.Besides the traditional financial incentives,we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances,and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all,for all women,work is invariably connected with the desire for independence.Questions26to30are based on the passage.26.It is only in recent years that we have recognized that______.A.there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexes.B.the role distinction between different sexes is conspicuous.C.the different definitions of sexes bears on the development of culture.D.the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes.27.From paragraph1we can infer that it is now possible for women to embark on a career because______.A.the change in sex roles is out of the question.B.women’s lib has been going on for many years.C.ideas about the roles of women have been changing.D.the expansion of sciences scarcely remolds the women’s roles.28.The author believes that sex discrimination in the West before the1960s was______.A.preferable.B.prevalent.C.presumable.D.precedent.29.According to the fourth paragraph,the author seems to think that______.A.female passivity is natural.B.men and women are physically identical.C.men are born competitive and aggressive.D.some different sex identity is acquired.30.According to the author,which of the following is the most important reason for women to go to work?A.Wish to claim their rights and freedom.B.Ambition and self-fulfillment.C.Financial incentives.D.Desire for a social life.Passage3BBC’s Casualty programme on Saturday evening gave viewers a vote as to which of two patients should benefit from a donation.But it failed to tell us that we would not need to make so many life-and-death decisions if we got to grip with the chronic organ shortage.Being pussyfooting around in its approach to dead bodies,the Government is giving a kicking to some of the most vulnerable in our society.One depressing consequence of this is that a significant number of those on the waiting list take off to foreign countries to purchase an organ from a living third-world donor,something that is forbidden in the United Kingdom.The poor have no option but to wait in vain.The Human Tissue Authority’s position on the retention of body parts for medical research after a post-mortem examination is equally flawed.The new consent forms could have been draftedby some evil person seeking to stop the precious flow of human tissue into the pathological laboratory.The forms are so lengthy that doctors rarely have time to complete them and,even if they try,the wording is so graphic that relatives tend to leg it before signing.In consequence,the number of post mortems has fallen quickly.The wider worry is that the moral shortsightedness evident in the Human Tissue Act seems to infect every facet of the contemporary debate on medical ethics.Take the timid approach to embryonic stem cell research.The United States,for example,refuses government funding to scientists who wish to carry out potentially ground-breaking research on the surplus embryos created by IVF treatment.Senators profess to be worried that embryonic research fails to respect the dignity of“potential persons”.Rarely can such a vacuous concept have found its way into a debate claiming to provide enlightenm ent.When is this “potential”supposed to kick in?In case you were wondering,these supposedly precious embryos are at the same stage of development as those that are routinely terminated by the Pill without anyone crying.Thankfully,the British Government has refused the position of the United States and operates one of the most liberal regimes in Europe,in which licences have been awarded to researchers to create embryos for medical research.It is possible that,in years to come,scientists will be able to grow organs in the lab and find cures for a range of debilitating diseases.The fundamental problem with our approach to ethics is our inability to separate emotion from policy.The only factor that should enter our moral and legal deliberations is that of welfare,a concept that is meaningless when applied to entities that lackself-consciousness.Never forget that the research that we are so reluctant to conduct upon embryos and dead bodies is routinely carried out on living,pain-sensitive animals.Questions31to35are based on the passage.31.What has caused the chronic organ shortage?A.a decrease in donation ratesB.inefficient governmental policyC.illegal trade in human organsD.news media's indifference32.The expression“pussyfooting around”(Line3,Paragraph1)might mean______________.A.unfairB.hesitantC.secretD.strict33.The moral shortsightedness is revealed in the fact that___________.A.the government has stopped the experiment on human tissueB.the donation consent forms are difficult to understandC.the Human Tissues Act is an obstacle to important medical researchD.embryonic research shows disregard for human life34.To which of the following is the author most likely to agree?A.The rich and the poor are equal in the face of death.B.More scientists are needed for the medical advancement.C.There is a double standard in medical ethics.D.The dead deserve the same attention as the living.35.The author is most critical of______.A.the mediaB.doctorsC.U.S.LegislatorsD.the British governmentPassage4When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace,scientists immediately get to work,trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it.Oftentimes,success is achieved,as medical science is able to isolate the parasite,germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it.In the most serious of cases,in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk,it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination,so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patient's body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that,if it is encountered,one can ward it off naturally.To accomplish this,a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment,so that his body's immune system can leam to fight the invader /doc/75b0b238a98271fe900ef90f.html rmation on how to penetrate the disease's defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient's immune system in a process that occurs naturally,in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell.This makes sure that,should the patient later come into contact with the real problem,his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it,having already done so before.There are dangers inherent in the process,however.On occasion,even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle,resulting inthe immune system succumbing,and, therefore,the patient's death.Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine,designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers.Approximately1in10,000people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it.Thus,if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3000Americans would be left dead.Fortunately,the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early1970s,ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America.In the event of a reintroduction of the disease,however,mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination.The process,which is truly a mixed blessing,may indeed hide some hidden curses.Questions36to40are based on the passage.36.The best title for the text may be____________.A."Vaccinations:A Blessing or A Curse"B."Principles of Vaccinations"C."Vaccines:Methods and Implications"D."A Miracle Cure under Attack"37.What does the example of the Smallpox Vaccine illustrate?A.The passible negative outcome of administering vaccines.B.The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease.C.The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain disease.D.The method by which vaccines are employed against the disease.38.The phrase"ward it off naturally"(Paragraph2)mostprobably means______________.A.dispose of it naturally.B.fight it off with case.C.see to it reluctantly.D.split it up properly.39.Which of the following is true according to the text?A.Saving the majority would necessarily justify the death of the minority.B.The immune system can be trained to fight weaker versions of a disease.C.Mandatory vaccinations are indispensable to the survival of the populace.D.The process of vaccination remains a mystery to be further resolved.40.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is____________.A.to comment and criticizeB.to demonstrate and argueC.to interest and entertainD.to explain and informPart III Vocabulary(10points)Directions:In this part,there are20uncompleted sentences with four choices below each sentence.Choose the best one from the4choices to fill the blanks.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET witha single line through the center.41.This restaurant is frequently______by tourists because of its famous cooking.A.patronizedB.servicedC.attendedD.utilized42.The miser will not donate any money to charity because he is______________.A.greedyB.thriftyC.stingyD.careful43.Childhood memoirs often gain their poignancy through a sense of displacement:each lesson is accompaniedby a loss of______.A.perspectiveB.innocenceC.permissionD.veracity44.The rain________our spirits because we were planning to go for a picnic.A.decreasedB.dampenedC.moistenedD.hampered45.Their view that women are the natural______of morality is not my view.A.guardiansB.guardsC.guidesD.soldiers46.Scientists have acknowledged that to interpret an animal’s thought processes in a sound manner requires a heavy dose of______from our own mental patterns,which weaccess introspectively.A.estimationB.calculationC.skepticismD.inference47.The colonialists managed to wipe out the entire____________population.A.aboriginalB.original/doc/75b0b238a98271fe900ef90f.html rgeD.regional48.As has always been the case when tragedy has struck our community,the people of our town feel theobligation,and rightly so,to____in support of the victim and his family.A.entrenchB.rallyC.disseminateD.apologize49.Mr.Smith became very_________when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant50.It can not be denied that the existing resources on earth will be depleted,but scientists are______to concedethe inevitability of that day,realizing that new energies can be found in the near future.A.boundB.unpreparedC.hesitantD.likely51.Perfect certainty belongs only to the gods;the rest of us have to make do with science and its______.A.imperfectionsB.conclusionsC.methodologiesD.hyperbole52.This was a five-digit national coding system to____________each postal delivery section.A,testify B.count C.clarify D.identify53.His physical and emotional___________to Oxford and to Mississippi,to the land and to the people thatshaped him,was at the core of his being.A.personalityB.characterC.fidelityD.morality54.Most people choose a lawyer on the basis of such_____________consideration as his cost,his field ofexpertise,and the fees he charges.A.humanisticB.irrelevantC.personalD.pragmatic55.Though sometimes__________,all too often technology is seen as a panacea for the great economic,social,and political challenges facing the nation as it embarks on the path of modernization.B.effectiveC.ignoredD.calamitous56.Among all the changes resulting from the___________entry of women into the work force,thetransformation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important.A.massiveB.quantitativeC.surplusD.formidable57.There is much I enjoy about the changing seasons,but my favorite time is the_________from fall to winter.A.transmissionB.transformationC.transitionD.transfer58.The development of these gene technologies may be far in the future,but the moral and social issues raised by them should be discussed______,for once a technology has been invented,it may be difficult to stop or control.A.presentlyB.summarilyC.seriouslyD.hesitantly59.The local government has__________the landowners to fish these waters.A.transformedB.transferredD.allocated60.The plan for the new office tower went ahead____________of local opposition.A.on accountB.in the light ofC.outD.regardlessPart IV Cloze(10points)Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits in to the passage and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Many years ago people thought the earth was flat.They believed that the sky__61__a big upside-down bowl and that the sun,moon,and stars were lamps hanging from the top of the /doc/75b0b238a98271fe900ef90f.htmlter,people__62__better.They found out that the earth__63__round.We call the study of the skies and the planets astronomy,__64__we call the watchers of the skies astronomer. Early astronomers thought the earth was the center of__65__.They thought the heavens spun__66__the earth. Later,they changed their__67__.They knew the earth was not the center.They believed that the earth and the __68__planets spin around the sun.Today we know this is true.Ancient scientists studied the skies__69__simple instruments.The first person__70__a telescope was named Galileo.In1610__71__four moons around the planet Jupiter.Today__72__use more complex equipment. Some of thesemeasure the brightness of light.__73__break lights up into different colors.Radio telescopes make stars and planets__74__far closer than Galileo's telescope could.Early astronomers__75__five planets in the sky.Besides Earth,they knew about mercury,Venus,Mars, Jupiter,and Saturn.In1781a seventh one was discovered and named Uranus.Years later,astronomers found another planet and called it Neptune.The ninth planet to be found is called Pluto.It was not__76__until1930.Today scientists can__77__almost anywhere.They have reached the heavens with their spacecraft,in1959,a spacecraft__78__took pictures of the dark side of the moon.Ten years later a spacecraft landed two Americans on the moon.Other important journeys into space__79__.Who knows?Maybe__80__human beings will live on another planet.Maybe you will be one of them.61.A.is B.was C.had been D.were62.A.spoke B.told C.knew D.swan63.A.was B.had been C.is D.were64.A.and B.but C.yet D.still65.A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything66.A.around B.round C.about D.along67.A.jobs B.minds C.suggestion D.advice68.A.other B.another C.rest D.remained69.A.by B.on C.with D.within70.A.to use /doc/75b0b238a98271fe900ef90f.html ed /doc/75b0b238a98271fe900ef90f.html es D.of using71.A.invented B.created C.saw D.discovered72.A.musicians B.carpenters C.astronomers D.scholars73.A.The others B Others C.Another D.The other74.A.look B.looking C.to look D.looks75.A.could have seen B.could see C.had seen D.saw76.A.trapped B.served C.discovered D.settled77.A.run B explore C.play D.relax78.A.first B.firstly C.for the first D.first of all79.A.followed B.had followed C.were following D.Follow80.A.someday B.some day C.some days D.somedaysPart V Translation(15points)Directions:Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.Scholars and students have always been great travelers.81.The official case for“academic mobility”is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world,and debated in the corridors of Europe,but it is certainly nothing new.Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies;in search of the purest philosophy,the most effective medicine,the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas,their transference across frontiers,their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people.82.The point of learning is to share it,whether with students or with colleagues;one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery,or a new technique.It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same。
北航能动学院2012考研复试试题回忆版——吐血整理
北航能动学院2012考研复试试题回忆版
——前人栽树后人乘凉
<前四道题考传热，后四道题考气动,另专业英语翻译>
考试时间：3小时，共200分
1. 圆柱导热热阻推导计算——两种导热系数不同的保温材料，依次包裹在圆筒外面，
试推导分析哪种包裹的顺序效果更好？（15分）
2. 左中右三块大小相同材料不同的平壁，右侧温度最高，向左侧进行导热，已知温
度在平壁内的分布曲线，右侧壁内为抛物线形，左、中侧为线性。
如图1。
（15分）
图 1
3. 对流换热方程式分析，问h是否与流速无关？（答案：见王秋旺传热学）（15分）
4. 求高空电线的角系数？假设地面为无限大平面（15分）
5. 收缩喷管，已知总温总压，出口截面处于临界状态，求出口静温、静压、
流速？（20分）
6. 二维平面机翼，已知来流Ma，无穷远静压以及某一点（A点）静压（见图2）。
求该A点Ma的表达式？可以用气动函数表示。
（20分）
图 2
7. 不记得了。
（20分）
8. 双喉道超声速风洞，已知实验段Ma，第一喉道截面面积。
1、求正常启动后出口
截面出现正激波时，入口的总牙？2、预使其正常启动，第二道喉道的最小面积？
（30分）
9. 专业英语翻译——胡可定律的发现过程（50分）。
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2012年北航三系305（即导航方向）复试试题（回忆版）
先补充说明一下，“北航三系305（即导航方向）”的完整信息如下：
学校：北京航空航天大学
院系：自动化科学与电气工程学院
专业：控制科学与工程
方向：导航、制导与控制
北航三系305（即导航方向）复试总分500分，包括两部分：200分的笔试和300分的面试。
I、笔试
笔试总分200分，其中英语部分50分，专业课部分150分，考试时间2小时。
下面的试题是根据我自己的回忆，按题型分类总结的。
一、英语部分50分，题型为英汉互译。
1、英译汉，共3题，每题10分。
（1）一篇论文的摘要，介绍一种控制方法，约300个单词。
（2）关于通信方面的科普知识，约200个单词。
（3）概念介绍，关于经典控制理论与现代控制理论的对比，约100个单词。
2、汉译英，共2题，每题10分。
（1）“时变系统”与“时不变系统”的概念介绍，约100个汉字。
（2）“计算机仿真”的概念介绍，约100个汉字。
二、专业课部分150分，题型有判断题、选择题、填空题、问答题、计算题等。
1、判断题：关于电路原理，共10道小题。
2、选择题：关于自控原理，有6-7道小题。
3、填空题：在微分方程、传递函数、状态空间方程三种形式下，二阶系统的固有频率分别由什么量给出。
从第4题开始，以下题目均为大题形式：
4、给了一个弹簧振子的图，根据条件写出微分方程。
5、给了一个系统的电路图，让你补全负反馈部分的电路，并且画出系统的框图。
6、PID控制的特点是什么？比例、积分、微分对系统分别有什么影响？
7、保持器的作用是什么？
8、离散系统的稳定条件是什么？
9、连续系统的稳定条件是什么？
10、在阶跃输入下，为了研究被控对象，应记录响应的“过渡过程曲线”还是“稳定之后的曲线”？如果是正弦输入呢？
11、画出一阶系统的阶跃响应曲线和脉冲响应曲线，说明一阶系统的特点。
12、机器语言、汇编语言、高级语言分别有什么特点？哪种语言执行速度最快？
13、如果系统的时间常数为T，那么计算机控制系统的采样周期应该为多少？
14、采样频率如何确定？它与计算机硬件有怎样的关系？
II、面试
面试总分300分，其中英语口试50分，专业综合面试250分。
面试的题目因人而异，随机性很强。
下面的面试题目是根据我自己的面试经历，按顺序记录下来的。
由于面试时头脑高度紧张，所以回忆得没有笔试题目那么完整，请谅解。
一、英语口试50分，所有的问答全部是英语。
1、进行1分钟左右的自我介绍
2、从若干张纸条中抽取一张，朗
读上面的英文，并翻译，约200个单词。
3、问答：
（1）你为什么要考研？
（2）你为什么选择北航读研？
（3）你认为，线性系统与非线性系统的主要区别是什么？
二、专业综合面试250分，又包括两部分：专业知识问答和其他问答，这两部分没有具体的分值比例和数量比例，我想主要根据面试老师的喜好以及你现场的表现。
1、专业知识问答：
（1）什么是最小相位系统？
（2）什么是放大器的频率响应？
（3）在饱和状态下，三极管的极电结是什么状态？
（4）什么是组合逻辑电路？什么是时序逻辑电路？
（5）什么是竞争冒险现象？
2、其他问答：
（1）你在大学期间参加过科技、竞赛等活动吗？
（2）你的毕业设计做的是什么？（3）你联系导师了吗？。