直接引语变间接引语(宾语从句)讲解与练习(附答案)

直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）讲解与练习

一．讲解：

在复合句中，作宾语的句子（主谓结构）就叫宾语从句。直接引语变间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。变化时应注意以下几点：

1．引导词（连词）

①如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，引导词用that, that没有实际意义，口语或非正

式文体中常省略e.g He said, “My mother is a doctor.”→He said (that) his mother was a

doctor.

②如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用if。不能省略 e.g “Are you

English?” He asked m e→He asked me if I was English.

③如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用特殊疑问句的疑问词，如：what

when where which who how等，这些词有意义，不能省略：eg “How old are you ?” He asked

m e→He asked me how old I was.

二．间接引语的宾语从句中，引导词之后都必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语…），肯定式的宾语从句不用助动词do(did或does) e.g.

She asked, “What does he want?”→She asked what he wanted.

He asked me ,“Do you like English?”→He asked me if I liked English.

三．时态的变化：

1.如果主句中的谓语动词用一般过去时,则间接引语中宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。基本

原则是：往过去的方向推一个时态，即一般现在时变成一般过去时，现在进行时变成过

去进行时，一般将来时变成过去将来时eg:

① He asked me, “Do you have a dictionary?”→He asked me if I had a dictionary.

② She asked, “What is Tom doing? →She asked what Tom was doing.

③ She said ,“I will leave a message on his desk.”→She said that she would leave

a message on his desk.

2.如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理，自然现象。则无论主句用什么时态，间接引语中的宾

语从句一律使用现在时。eg:① The teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the

sun.”→The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun② He said, “Light

travels faster than sound. ”→He said that light travels faster than sound.

四．人称的变化与汉语中的情况大体相同，指示代词，时间状语和动词的变化见课本第99页的表格。

五．练习：Ⅰ选择填空。

( )1.He said that he ________speak a little English when he was five.

A is able to

B able

C could

D can

( )2.Please tell me where _______have our picnic tomorrow。

A we will

B will we

C you are

D will you

( )3.Did you hear________ clearly?

A what he said

B what he says

C what did he say

D how did he said

( )4.He wanted to know why _______up late.

A did she get

B she got

C does she get

D she gets

( )5.Could you tell me ________from your house to the factory?

A how far it is

B it is how far

C how far it was

D how far is it

( )6.Could you tell me if it _________ tomorrow?

A rain

B will rain

C raining

D rains

( )7.Tom asked me ________ English.

A if I likes

B if I liked

C that I like

D that I liked

( )8.Our teacher told us the earth ________around the sun.

A goes

B go

C went

D going

( )9.Do you remember what________________ when I came in?

A Tom is doing

B Tom was doing

C is Tom doing

D was Tom doing

( )10.He asked how many pictures_______。

A did they draw

B do they draw

C they will draw

D they would draw

( )11.They asked if the teacher ________them some songs the next week.

A would teach

B had taught

C will teach

D taught

( )12.He asked me if I ________in Shanghai.

A live

B lived

C is living

D will live

Ⅱ．句型转换。

1. I don’t know what to say.

I don’t know ________ ________ ________ ________.

2. “What’s your favorite color” she asked me.

She asked me what ________ favorite color _________.

3. “What are you doing?” Jim asked me.

Jim asked me ________ ________ ________ __________.

4 Tom said to me, “You are a good student.”

Tom told me ________ ________ ________ a good student.

5He said , “I will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.”

He said that he ________ ________ to the Great Wall _______ ________ ______.

6“Do you like playing football.” She asked me.

She asked me ________ ________ ________ playing football.

7“I can’t work out this math problem.” Tom said.

Tom said that ________ ________ work out ____________ math problem.

8 He asked Jim, “ Where does your pen pal come from?”

He asked Jim __________ __________ pen pal __________ from.

9. Mary asked Gina, “ Are you ill?”

Mary asked Gina _________ ________ __________ ill.

10. Tom said to me , “Pass the ball to me.”

Tom ________me ________ ________ the ball to _________.