高中非谓语动词讲解-终极配视频版
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非谓语动词
在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)
不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化.
不定式
一、不定式的作用
1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。
如:
It took us two hours to finish the job.
It is impossible for us to get there on time.
It is very kind of you to help us.
注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较:
It is to negate my own idea to believe him.(错)
To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对)
(3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用for.
2、作宾语
(1)动词+不定式。如:
He manage d to escape from the fire.
I find it hard to get along with him.(it 作形式宾语)
注:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know,
promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等(2)动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。如:
I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.
I can’t decide when to go there.
注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在
宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。如:
I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.
3、作宾语补足语
(1)动词+宾语+不定式(to do )。如:
He warn ed me to be careful.
I want you to speak to Tom.
What makes you think so?(不带to的不定式)
注:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage
(2)表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如:We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
The book is believed to be useful.(被动语态)
(3) There +不定式。如:
We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那
里。
注意:(1)有些动词需用as 短语作补语,像r egard, think, believe, take, consider。
如:
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mar y took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
(2)在动词feel (一感),hear, listen to(二听),have, let, make(三让),
notice, see, watch, observe, look at(五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补
足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。如:
They saw the boy fall off the tree.The boy was seen to fall off the tree.
(3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.
I often help him (to)clean the room.
I helped him (to) find his things.
4、作定语
不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如:
I have a lot of work to do.(动宾关系)
He is looking for a room t o live in.(动状关系)
He is the first person to think of the idea.(主谓关系)
He has got a chance to go abroad.(同位关系)
注意:1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表被动。如:Do you have anything else to say?
2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语,则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。如:
I need a pen to write with . (I will wirte with the pen ) (我需要一直钢笔写字)
I have a little baby to look after .(I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看)
作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等,有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语,如in order to , so as to, so…as to, such …as to, ….enough to, too…to等。
(1)做目的状语,to, only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)….as to…(如