高中非谓语动词讲解-终极配视频版

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非谓语动词

在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)

不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化.

不定式

一、不定式的作用

1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。

如:

It took us two hours to finish the job.

It is impossible for us to get there on time.

It is very kind of you to help us.

注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。

(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较:

It is to negate my own idea to believe him.(错)

To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对)

(3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用for.

2、作宾语

(1)动词+不定式。如:

He manage d to escape from the fire.

I find it hard to get along with him.(it 作形式宾语)

注:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know,

promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等(2)动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。如:

I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.

I can’t decide when to go there.

注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在

宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。如:

I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.

3、作宾语补足语

(1)动词+宾语+不定式(to do )。如:

He warn ed me to be careful.

I want you to speak to Tom.

What makes you think so?(不带to的不定式)

注:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage

(2)表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如:We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.

The book is believed to be useful.(被动语态)

(3) There +不定式。如:

We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那

里。

注意:(1)有些动词需用as 短语作补语,像r egard, think, believe, take, consider。

如:

We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。

Mar y took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

(2)在动词feel (一感),hear, listen to(二听),have, let, make(三让),

notice, see, watch, observe, look at(五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补

足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。如:

They saw the boy fall off the tree.The boy was seen to fall off the tree.

(3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.

I often help him (to)clean the room.

I helped him (to) find his things.

4、作定语

不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如:

I have a lot of work to do.(动宾关系)

He is looking for a room t o live in.(动状关系)

He is the first person to think of the idea.(主谓关系)

He has got a chance to go abroad.(同位关系)

注意:1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表被动。如:Do you have anything else to say?

2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语,则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。如:

I need a pen to write with . (I will wirte with the pen ) (我需要一直钢笔写字)

I have a little baby to look after .(I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看)

作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等,有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语,如in order to , so as to, so…as to, such …as to, ….enough to, too…to等。

(1)做目的状语,to, only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)….as to…(如

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