英语5大基本句型_整理版
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英语五个基本句式及句子成分
(basic sentence patterns and different components )
一定会有很大的帮助的!!
So why not have a try?
一、Different components: (各种成分)
英语的句子成分跟中文的句子成分很像的,主要包括下面这些:
1. 主语subject (简写S)
2.谓语predicate 分为:intransitive verb (vi)/ transitive verb (vt)
3. 宾语object (分为:direct object / indirect object ) (简写O)
4. 宾补object complement (简写OC)
5. 状语adverbial
6. 表语predicative
7. 定语attributive
## :No matter how long the sentence is, it consists of some of these components.
不管多长的句子,都是由这些成分当中的一些所构成的。
1、主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词(numeral),
动词不定式,动名词,从句等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
eg: The boy comes from America. (名词作主语)
He made a speech. (代词作主语)
Two and two is four. (数词作主语)
To be a teacher is my dream. (不定式作主语)
Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story. (动名词作主语)
That he is admitted to a key university is known to us all. (从句作主语,也就是我们说的主语从句)
中文里“某人做某事”做主语时,常用以下句式:
to do sth To be a teacher is my dream.
doing sth Teaching is his job.
That/when从句That he hopes to be a teacher is known to us all.
Sb’s doing sth His being a teacher makes him proud.
It …… for sb to do sth It is important for us to study English well.
It is no use / good doing sth It is no use crying.
It …… 从句。It is known to us that he wants to be a teacher.
2. 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。1)谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,这就形成主谓结构,
We come. (vi) Many changes took place in my home town. (不及物动词短语)
注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如:take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去,如:come, go 等)
2)谓语可以是及物动词(vt.)后面跟宾语,形成主谓宾/ 主谓双宾结构
3. 宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语。
I will do it tomorrow. (代词作宾语)
The boy needs a pen. (名词作宾语)
I like swimming. (动名词作主语)
I like to swim this afternoon. (不定式作宾语)
I do n’t doubt that he will succeed one day. (从句作宾语,也就是宾语从句)
☆特殊的同源宾语现象:作宾语的名词,跟前面谓语动词属于同一词源,通常只带一个宾语。
He died a heroic death. 他英勇地死去。
She smiled a nice smile. 她甜甜地笑了笑。
His son dreamt a terrible dream. 我儿子做了一个可怕的梦。
They lived a happy life in these days. 这些天他们过得很高兴。
二、英语五大基本句型
(remember: 再复杂的句子都是在这些基本句型中扩大的)
基本概念:与汉语相似,英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(predicate),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成,按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。
不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念,不需要宾语及补语,但有时可有副词,介词短语等状语修饰语。
e.g. 1) The rain stopped 2) Time flies.
. 主语谓语主语谓语
★句型一的扩展:主语+不及物动词+状语(这状语可以是adv / prep phr / to do )
1) S+Vi + adverb (副词)
Birds sing beautifully.
主语谓语状语
2) S+Vi + prep phrase (介词短语)
The sun rises in the east.