霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne

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纳撒尼尔·霍桑（NathanielHawthorne）的《通天铁路》

纳撒尼尔•霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）的《通天铁路》这篇附加的小故事是纳撒尼尔•霍桑于1852年在一本名为《雪景和其他故事新编》中发表的。

霍桑，19世纪最伟大的美国作家，以一部经典的英语散文集约翰.班扬John Bunyan 的《天路历程》The Pilgrim’s Progress中的一篇的形式写了《通天铁路》。

约翰.班扬（1628－1688）是一名英国清教徒传教士和作家。

他写了《天路历程》中大部分的文章，但因为在清教徒革命和奥利弗.克伦威尔（Oliver Cromwell）统治结束后随之而来的斯图亚特王朝的复辟时期拒绝使自己顺应官方的英国国教而被投入监狱。

《天路历程》是一部精心制作的宗教寓言。

在寓言中，主角，基督徒，抛弃了他在毁灭之城的生活开始了一段漫长、艰辛的旅途，决心到达天国之城。

他徒步旅行，肩上背负着重担（象征着原罪）。

他穿越了失望沼泽，经由柴门逃离了毁灭之城，经受了许多偏离通往天国之城的正确路线、动摇他信念的诱惑。

陪伴着基督徒的旅途，一位老于世故的先生试图劝阻他，而且由于福音传道者和广心先生的严厉干预，他数次获得了拯救。

他们指引迷茫的基督徒回到通往天国城的道路。

他克服了山峰高耸的困难挑战，用手中的剑打败了残暴的亚玻伦（Apollyon）（精神怀疑的恶魔），穿越了死亡阴影的峡谷，然后在空虚之城停留了一段时间。

在那里基督徒参观了集市和空虚集市的商业中心（以17世纪英格兰的大型夏季商业集市为模型），而那里也有一个同伴。

信徒，见证了一个殉教者的结局。

最终，基督徒成功地避开了托非特（地狱）之火，到达了以色列的土地。

在他渡过死亡河，然后进入天国城之前，这是一个令人愉快的休憩之地。

霍桑的叙事形式代表了一种更新的19世纪中期受班扬影响的美国视角和流行故事。

通天铁路The Celestial Railroad不久前，穿过梦幻的大门，我访问了世界驰名的“灭亡城”所在地，得知最近，一些热心公益的居民出力，在这座人口稠密兴旺发达的城市与“天城”之间，修筑了一条铁路，遂兴致大发。

纳撒尼尔霍桑文学家探索人性的边界

纳撒尼尔霍桑文学家探索人性的边界纳撒尼尔·霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）是19世纪美国文学史上一位重要的作家，他以深入探索人性的边界而闻名。

他的作品中融入了浓厚的哲学和道德思考，独特的叙述风格以及幽默和讽刺等元素，给读者带来了独特的阅读体验。

本文将重点介绍霍桑的文学创作特点以及他对人性边界的探索。

首先，霍桑的作品通过细腻的描写，深入探索了人性中的黑暗面和罪恶感。

他多次展现了人们内心的痛苦和挣扎，如《红字》中主人公海瑟·普林斯（Hester Prynne）的婚外情和被迫承受的社会谴责。

通过描写人性的复杂性和罪恶感的存在，霍桑引发了读者对人性的思考。

其次，霍桑对人性的探索还体现在对道德与社会规范的独立思考上。

他揭示了社会规范对个体自由的束缚和限制，如《人群中的浪子》中的主人公罗宾逊·克鲁索（Robinson Crusoe）通过生活在荒岛上重新思考了社会规范的意义。

霍桑通过这种对社会规范的思考，呼吁读者对自己内心真实需要的思考与发现。

此外，霍桑的作品中还体现了对人性欲望的探讨。

他通过对人性欲望的揭示，展现了人性的复杂性和欲望的力量，如《白纸扇》中主人公何福罗（Wakefield）离开家庭，隐藏在社会的边缘，并观察着他所离开的生活。

通过对人性欲望的揭露，霍桑引导读者思考欲望对于人性的影响与局限。

最后，霍桑通过对人性的边界的探索，让读者思考人性的复杂性和不确定性。

他通过深入刻画人物内心活动和情感状况，以及他们在复杂环境中表现出的行为，展示了人性的多面性。

他的作品中没有明确的英雄或恶棍，而是通过塑造错综复杂的人物角色，让读者对人性产生深思。

总之，纳撒尼尔·霍桑是一位以文学探索人性边界著名的作家。

他的作品通过揭示人性中的黑暗面、对道德与社会规范的独立思考、对人性欲望的探讨以及展示人性的复杂性和不确定性等方面，引导读者深入思考人性的本质。

通过他的作品，我们可以更好地理解和审视人类的内心世界，并对人性的边界有更深入的认识。

美国文学霍桑介绍Nathaniel Hawthorne

3. Psycho-analysis
◇ Psychological truth was more important than actual truth. ◇ Explored the complexity of human psychology through the characters’ inner struggle
3. Human Isolation（人之孤独）
◇ Human beings are born to be lonely.They defend their pride and selfishness for different reasons. A character is in a state of isolation because of self-cause, or societal cause, or a combination of both.
2.Morality and Sin（道德
& 罪恶）
◇ Man will get punished one way or another for his sin but can also be saved by his gooddeeds and self- improvement. ◇ One has to work and strive against temptation in order to win salvation(拯救). There could be no magic carriage which would enable one to reach heaven without toil or trouble.
Major works
• 1837-1842: Twice-Told Tales 《故事重述》 • 1846: Mosses from an Old Manse 《古宅青苔》 • 1850: The Scarlet Letter《红字》 • 1851: The House of the Seven Gables 《带七个尖角阁的房子》 • 1852: The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》

红字-The-Scarlet-Letter-霍桑

Important Work
Background17th CenturyBoston, Massachusetts, New England colonyPuritan 清教徒:Puritans believed God and Satan were present in everyone’s soul. They were constantly fighting against each other. They believed that the relationship of an individual to the community was an important concern.Antinomian 唯信仰论者：主张基督徒可以废弃道德，依靠信仰来拯救灵魂。Quaker 教友派：靠内心意识指引的教派Witch 巫女
The Scarlet Letter
Nathanig
Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑
1804年7月4日—1864年5月19日
Fanshawe (1825，《范肖》）Twice-Told Tales （1837，《故事重述》）Mosses From an Old Manse (1846,《古屋青苔》)The Scarlet Letter(1850,《红字》）House of the Seven Gables (1851,《七个尖角阁的房子》)The Blithedale Romance (1852,《福谷传奇》)The Marble Faun (1857,《玉石雕像》)
Roger Chillingworth
Roger Chillingworth is a man deficient in human warmth. His twisted, stooped, deformed shoulders mirror his distorted soul. He is interested in revenge, not justice, and he seeks the deliberate destruction of others rather than a redress of wrongs. His desire to hurt others stands in contrast to Hester and Dimmesdale’s sin.

善与美书简

善与美书简
《善与美》是纳撒尼尔·霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）创作的一部小说，讲述了一个关于道德和爱情的故事。

这部小说首次出版于1850年，被认为是美国文学史上的经典之一，也是霍桑最知名的作品之一。

故事以17世纪新英格兰为背景，主要讲述了一个叫赫斯克尔（Hester Prynne）的女子因通奸而怀孕，被迫在公众面前受到羞辱，并被判戴上一顶刺绣有“A”字母的罪犯帽子。

这个红色的字母"A"成为了她生活的标记，引发了整个社区的轰动和议论。

故事探讨了罪恶、赎罪、道德、宽恕和爱的主题，以及人性的复杂性和社会的偏见。

《善与美》通过细腻的描写、深刻的人物塑造和对道德问题的探讨，展现了霍桑卓越的文学才华。

这部小说不仅在当时引起了广泛的争议和关注，也为后世的文学作品和艺术创作提供了深远的影响。

Nathaniel Hawthorne (霍桑)

Hawthorne’s Writing Style
• A man of literary craftsmanship, extraordinary in • The use of symbol: symbols serve as a weapon to attack reality. It can be found everywhere in his writing. • Revelation of characters’ psychology: he is good at exploring the complexity of human psychology. There isn’t much physical movement going on in his works • The use of supernatural mixed with the actual
• His stories are parable(allegory)——to teach a lesson • Use of ambiguity to keep the reader in the world of uncertainty——multiple point of view
Hawthorne’s major works
Байду номын сангаас
• 2) he was convinced that romance was the best form to describe America • The poverty of materials+the avoidance of offending the puritan taste—— romances rather than novels to tell the truth and satirize and yet not the offend

霍桑The Scarlet Letter赏析

The letter A initially is a sign of adultery and penitence (忏悔),as the community sees the letter as a mark of just punishment and a symbol to deter others from sin.Hester is a fallen woman with a symbol of her ter,when she becomes a frequent visitor in homes of pain and sorrow, the A is seen to represent “Able” or “Angel”. It has rejuvenated Hester and changed her meaning in the eyes of the community.
??爱情无论是新生的亦或从死亡般沉睡中苏醒必会产生一种阳光它既照亮内心又洋溢而出喷薄到外界
The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne
''Love ,whether newly born , or aroused from a death-like slumber , must always create a sunshine, filling the heart so full of radiance ,that it overflows upon the outward world.''
Hawthorne's writting style in this novel
What he was predominantly concerned with was the moral,emotional,and psychological effect of the sin on the people in general and those complicated in it in particular.

《红字》人物分析

《红字》人物分析I．介绍纳撒尼尔·霍桑(Nathaniel Hawthorne)是美国十九世纪杰出的浪漫主义作家，他开创了美国浪漫主义小说和心理分析小说的一个新时代。

他的作品包括短篇小说集《重讲一遍的故事》(1837) 和《古宅青苔》(1846)，小说《红字》(1850)、《带有七个尖角阁的房子》(1851) 和《玉石雕像》(1860)。

小说的故事发生在17 世纪中期加尔文教派统治下的波士顿，年轻美丽的女主人公海丝特·白兰来自一个没落的贵族家庭，被年长丑陋的罗杰·齐灵沃斯丈夫送到波士顿，在和丈夫失散后与年轻的牧师丁梅斯代尔相爱并诞下一个私生子。

这被清教教徒视为大逆不道，认为她犯了“第七戒”的通奸罪。

海斯特受到了极其严厉的惩罚，并被责罚终生佩戴标志着通奸(Adultery) 的红字。

纵使被严厉审问，海斯特也不肯说出她的情人就是受众人尊重的牧师丁梅斯代尔。

出狱后，她带着女儿小珠儿开始了远离人群、受尽屈辱的生活，凭借着坚强不屈的意志、对爱和自由的不懈追求和精湛的手工技艺，海斯特完成了对“罪”的救赎，红字的内涵也从通奸(Adultery) 转变成能干(Able) 和天使(Angle)。

II．主要人物分析海斯特海斯特海斯特海斯特是位极其美丽的女性“: 这位少妇个子颀长，身段窈窕匀称，一头乌黑光洁的秀发散披双肩。

肌肤鲜嫩的脸庞妩媚动人，还有那弯弯的娥眉和乌灼灼的眸子使人难以忘怀。

”但是让这个人物熠熠发光的绝不仅仅是她美丽的风姿，更是她的性格。

海斯特的反叛精神体现在她的一言一行之中。

对来自教会和政府的严厉责罚，她不仅不屈服，反而更加勇敢和坚定地反抗种种不公待遇，维护爱人的声誉和抚育爱子。

首先，她的反叛精神体现在对待清教对她的处罚中。

17 世纪的美国，清教主义大行其道，人们的行为被严格地拘禁在教义之内，对人类天性的追求被视为罪孽。

海斯特因触犯了通奸罪而被责罚终身在胸前佩戴代表通奸罪的红字“A”，并饱受欺凌与排挤。

Hawthorne(5)霍桑简介

Famous

short stories:

Young Goodman Brown(1835) 《小伙子布朗》 The Minister’s Black Veil (1836)《教长的黑纱》 Dr.Heidegger's Experiment(1837)《海德格尔医生的实验》 Rappaccini’s Daughter (1844)《拉帕奇尼的女儿》
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)

Life Story Literary Characteristics Hawthorne’s influence Quotation
Life Story

Childhood Education Career
Childhood
Young Goodman Brown
.Story: Christians minister famous content dirty privacy astonished ,disheartened leave wife disappointed next morning real or dream hate neighbors wife Faith cynical man dead old
Analysis
Theme: 1. The hidden motivations of his characters. 2. The effect of hidden sin and secret guilt 3. Moral or immoral, right or wrong 4. Man was inherently evil in nature 5. Criticize the ideal Puritan society

《红字》主要情节

《红字》主要情节自18世纪以来，《红字》一书便成为了美国文学的经典之作。

作为一部关于爱情、罪恶和道德观念的小说，《红字》的主要情节扣人心弦，引人入胜。

本文将围绕着《红字》主要情节，逐步展开论述。

在《红字》中，故事发生在17世纪的新英格兰。

书中的主人公哈莉特·普林切特（Hester Prynne）因丧夫而被迫与别人婚外情生下了一个女婴。

由于婚外情这一罪行，哈莉特被迫佩戴着一个鲜红的字母“A”，代表着她是一名通奸者。

这个字母成为了故事中的重要象征，代表着强加于哈莉特身上的羞辱和社会的道德规范。

随着故事的展开，哈莉特的丈夫罗杰（Roger）回到了新英格兰，并化名乔治·君斯科特（Roger Chillingworth）。

君斯科特发誓要找出通奸的罪魁祸首，并对其展开报复。

他发现了婚外情的真相，但为了不暴露自己的身份，他没有让人们知道他与哈莉特的关系。

君斯科特的复仇心理以及他对哈莉特的控制和压迫，为故事注入了更加扣人心弦的紧张氛围。

与此同时，故事中出现了亨芮·皮金斯（Arthur Dimmesdale），一位年轻有为的牧师。

他与哈莉特有着秘密的情感纠葛，但他并未公开承认。

亨芮内心的挣扎以及对自己矛盾道德观念的呈现，给读者带来了更多的思考。

他的弱点和内疚与君斯科特的邪恶相对照，为整个故事增添了层次。

在故事的高潮部分，君斯科特百般摧残亨芮，试图揭露他的秘密。

亨芮的身体和心灵都遭受了极大的折磨，但他始终没有公开承认自己的罪行。

直到最后，他在公众面前坦白了自己的错误，向众人展示了他胸前的红字“A”。

这个场景极具震撼力，引发了众人的震惊和同情。

《红字》最后的情节围绕着哈莉特、君斯科特和亨芮的命运展开。

哈莉特的坚强和宽容、君斯科特的邪恶和病态以及亨芮的内疚和救赎，交织在一起，构成了小说的高潮部分。

通过《红字》这一主要情节，作者霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）对于个人的罪行、道德观念以及社会对于罪犯的惩罚方式进行了深刻的思考和揭示。

young good man brown的梗概

young good man brown的梗概"Young Goodman Brown"是美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）于1835年创作的一部短篇小说。

以下是该故事的梗概：
故事发生在17世纪末的新英格兰。

故事的主人公是一个年轻善良的男人，名叫布朗（Goodman Brown）。

一天晚上，他告别妻子离开了家，说要去与其他人一起参加一个黑暗仪式。

这个仪式据说是与魔鬼和邪恶势力有关的。

布朗开始了他的旅程，途中遇到了许多人物，其中包括他的妻子。

他们都似乎与那个黑暗仪式有关。

布朗感到震惊和困惑，开始怀疑身边的人是否都是邪恶的。

最终，布朗到达了目的地，看到了许多当地的教士和当地社区的重要人物都在参与仪式。

他感到极度失望和绝望，觉得自己被背叛了。

他甚至看到了他的妻子也在仪式中。

布朗最终决定放弃信仰，并变得冷漠和孤独。

他回到了家乡，但心中充满了对人性的怀疑和对邪恶力量的恐惧。

他再也无法相信自己曾经认为纯洁善良的人们。

这个故事通过布朗的旅程揭示了人性的复杂性和善恶之间
的斗争。

它探讨了信仰、背叛和道德观念的主题，并引发读者对人类本性的思考。

从《胎记》看霍桑的人性观

从《胎记》看霍桑的人性观1. 引言1.1 背景介绍《胎记》是美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）所著的一篇短篇小说，被认为是霍桑最具代表性的作品之一。

小说讲述了一个男人与他贫困但心地善良的妻子之间的故事，男人因为妻子脸上的一处胎记而感到不满，并试图用一种神秘的方法将其消灭。

这部作品展现了霍桑对人性的深刻思考，揭示了人性的复杂性和脆弱性。

胎记在文学史上具有重要地位，它不仅是一部优秀的文学作品，更是对人性的深刻解读。

通过胎记中的人物形象和情节安排，霍桑展现了他对人性的独特见解，引发了人们对自身内心深处的反思。

胎记所蕴含的道德警示和思想启示也使其成为一部永不过时的经典之作。

在接下来的正文中，我们将对《胎记》中的人性描写、人性的多样性、人性的脆弱性、人性的复杂性以及胎记中的道德观进行深入分析，以揭示霍桑人性观的独特特点，探讨《胎记》对人性的启示，以及这部作品在当今社会中的现实意义。

通过对霍桑的作品进行深入探讨，我们或许能更好地理解人性的奥秘，以及如何在现实生活中应对各种复杂的人性问题。

1.2 作者简介霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）是19世纪美国著名作家，被认为是美国文学的奠基人之一。

他生于1804年，逝世于1864年，其一生大部分时间都在马萨诸塞州度过。

霍桑是一位深受浪漫主义和象征主义影响的作家，他的作品充满了对人性、罪恶和道德的探讨。

霍桑的作品常常揭示人性的复杂性和多样性。

他深刻地描绘了人类内心深处的黑暗和矛盾，对人性进行了深刻而丰富的揭示。

在他的作品中，人性往往被描绘成脆弱而复杂的存在，充满着各种矛盾和挣扎。

霍桑的作品《胎记》也是对人性的一次深刻探讨。

通过主人公乔治和艾琳娜的故事，霍桑揭示了人性的多样性和复杂性。

他通过描写人物的内心世界和行为举止，深刻地展示了人性的脆弱性和不完美性。

他还通过故事中的道德观念，探讨了人性与道德之间的关系，引发了人们对人性和道德的深刻思考。

霍桑英文简介

霍桑英文简介纳撒尼尔霍桑简介Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864), the pioneer of American psychoanalytic novels, is also the firstwriter in the history of American literature to write short stories, known as the 19th century American greatest romantic novelist.Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts, childhood father died, with widowed mother lived inthe town of Salems grandfather, his childhood self-esteem, suspicious, childhood misfortune and life atmosphere to make him a heart Kind of painful loneliness, he was not interested in social reform,the rapid development of capitalist economy can not understand. The grandfather believed in Christian Puritanism and Hawthorne was influenced by Puritanism.In 1825, Hawthorne graduated from the Universityof Borden University, returned to Salem, created and published dozens of stories and short stories. In 1839,Hawthorne worked at the Boston Customs for more than two years, then entered the Brook Farm, touching transcendentalism, and met the representative of transcendentalism thought Emerson and Thoreau and others.Since then, Hawthorne went to Salem Customs office, Salem customs life for his creation of Scarlet Letter has a direct impact, The Scarlet Letter published his solid position in the American literary world, butalso to the future with a huge influences.Hawthorne was evaluated as a bystander of life,and this attitude of life determines his interest and insight in his inner and psychological activities. He was deeply influenced by the original sin thought, and the original sin was passed on from generation to generation, and the people were guided by good deedsto purify the evil and purify the mind.His masterpieces include the novel The Scarlet Letter, Hexagon Building, short story collectionrepeat the story again, ancient moss, snow shadow and so on. The Scarlet Letter has become the worldsliterary classics, Henry James, Ellen Poe, Herman Melville and other literary masters are deeply affected.纳撒尼尔霍桑人物经历HeresyThe direct influence on Hawthornes creativethinking is his understanding of family history and religion. Hawthornes ancestors from the England region of the family, generations are devout Calvin believers. The two generations of ancestors were the dignitaries of the Massachusetts political and religious unity. One is the first speaker of the Massachusetts Colonial Parliament, named William Hassan, notorious for participating in the persecution of the Whigs. The other is his uncle, named John Hassan, served as alocal judge. In 1692, in the town of Salem, Massachusetts took place in the history of the famous deceit. At that time the town of Salem popular with a similar epilepsy infectious diseases, it was falsely accused of this Department of witch trouble. In some Western countries there is a traditional idea that thewitch is the companion of the devil Satan, who have received a supernatural power from Satan, who specializes in the spread of diseases and the killing of babies and so on. The town of Salem is the place where the Calvinist forces are strong, and the Calvin sects have struggled with the Whigs to compete for religious power in order to eliminate the heresy. The case involved a wide range, more than 200 people were arrested, 150 people were imprisoned, more than 10 people were hanged, in fact, this is a religious persecution, many of the victims were innocent residents. Hawthornes uncle, John, acted as a judge in the event and was known for his religious fanaticalness and cruelty.Hawthornes understanding of the history of the whole family, especially his study of the ancestors of the 17th century from England to the North American colonial continent and later fortune research and research made him a more comprehensive understanding of the familys development history and Social status of the New England region in the 19th century. At thattime the society was at the beginning of the rapid development of the capitalist economy, and the social structure had undergone major changes and adjustments. In his view, the progress of technology and the use of the machine not only can not improve the moral character of society, but people into a deeper sin whirlpool, a evil wizard. For which he was in front of what happened to be more do not understand. He had come into contact with transcendentalism and had participated in the brooks of the transgressors, but he looked at the activities of Emerson and others with indifference, and even opposed it. Hawthorne was not interested in any social reform program, and even cautious about the major problems of American society at that time. His conservative attitude and the lack of understanding of society are reflected in his deep-rooted Puritan religious consciousness. The intense religious factional struggle in the society and the moral values involved in this struggle had had a significant impact on Hawthornes work. And in many of his works, Hawthorne directly or indirectly attackedthe Galvin religion against the religious fanaticism and the destruction of human religious precepts. Butin the depths of his thought still with a strong religious concept of good and evil to see the world,he can not understand, due to the development of capitalism caused by the new social contradictions united into an abstract evil.In his view, all social problems, thecontradictions between people, the phenomenon of crime and so on are not the root of social material life,but because of the worlds inherent evil caused. Thisis the influence of the idea of original sin and the inner fall in the doctrine of Calvinism on Hawthornes thought. According to Hawthornes point of view, if you want to solve all social problems need to start from the evil, must be from the internal mining. Therefore, in his view, all abstract, mysterious evil are theroot cause of social problems.Family influenceIn Hawthornes family, two ancestors are important administrative officials in the Massachusetts colonies.Nathaniel Hawthornes first generation of ancestors William Hawthorne came from England in 1963 to Massachusetts, in this early colony, William Hawthorne is a prominent figure.Hawthorne disagreed with the behavior of his ancestors, the atrocities committed by his ancestors, was so ashamed of Hawthornes understanding of religion than the average person, and he hated his ancestral practice. The second generation of ancestors John Hawthorne was involved in the trial of the 1692 statement of the messy Salem deceit, which is one of the three judges, Hawthorne that the behavior of ancestors is a sin, a shame , This event to the young Hawthorne left a deep scars, Hawthorne on his ancestral behavior felt deep self-blame, this remorse so that he in his last name Hawthorne added a w To become FHawthorne to show that he is different from the sinful ancestors.Humanistic influence1825 - 1837, spent 12 years in his hometown had a significant impact on Hawthorne becoming a writer. Inhis hometown, Hawthorne was keen to explore thehistory of his hometown. He had read every book in the local library, and he was familiar with the ancient history of the town of Salem, especially the witchcraft. He studied the historical literature about England and engaged in novel creation. Most of his works are based on the brutal religious domination of the colonial period as the background, describing the peoples spiritual world, ideological contradictions and religious oppression under the tragic experience.Hawthorne saw the religious fanaticism and religious doctrine to bring the impact of people, he saw the religious destruction of human nature. In this area of Massachusetts, religion is very closely linked to peoples lives, and religion permeates all aspects of life, and religion is even equivalent to law, with supreme authority and effect, but on the other hand, the harsh rule of Puritanism and fanatical Religious worship is to some extent a cruel trampling of human dignity.Salem is a place where the Calvin Puritan atmosphere is very strong, because here is relatively backward, science is not developed, so the local peoples ignorance, this place has a lot of magical folklore and fairy tales, while people advocate Hypnosis, witchcraft activities spread here, the introduction of Calvin Puritanism in North America had a great impact on Hawthorne, it greatly affected the way Hawthorne recognized the world.Hawthornes era of life Although the Puritan thought is no longer the leading force of New England, but Puritanism on the American life and ideological influence is far-reaching, Hawthornes character and Puritanism thought milk blend, puritanism thought His way of thinking and the attitude of the problem, inevitably make Hawthorne from the perspective of Puritanism to observe people and the world, Hawthorne has a deep thinking and understanding of Puritanism, he was some active in Puritan Of the factors are positive attitude, such as the early American Puritans who have the pioneering spirit, perseverance of thespirit, which is in the body of Hester Prynne is reflected. But on the other hand, the asceticism in Puritanism and the oppression of Puritanism against humanity are what the authors do not agree with and criticize. From the historical understanding of the United States, Hawthorne can profoundly grasp the Puritanisms history of the United States , But therule and norms of Yan Xun can in some way make people lose their original nature, and Hawthorne is well versed in the influence of Puritanism on people, and The Puritanism has a clear understanding and thinking, although the Puritan rule is no longer strict, but some eternal topics such as the relationship between man and God and the relationship between man and religion, human nature in the good and evil andpeoples morality Criteria are the subject of concern and concern.Hawthornes life is the American Renaissance, the19th century European romantic thoughts across the sea, came to North America this land, coupled with theNorth American colonial puritanism thought strong,romantic and local clear The combination ofdoctrinalism creates a transcendentalist philosophythat has had a significant impact on the later US. Transcendentalism is an important ideological movement in the United States. The period of Americanliterature in the transcendentalism is called the American Renaissance. Transcendentalism is an ideological and cultural liberation movement with religious colors. Literature and culture have had a significant impact, with profound philosophicalthinking as the background, emphasizing the supreme spirit of the spirit and the absolute perception ofthe traditional religion to refute, the representative of Ralph Waldo Emerson (Ralph FWaldo FEmerson), Henry Davav Thoreau.Before and after 1841, the wave of transcendentalism swept through Boston and its neighboring areas, and Hawthorne was influenced by transcendentalism. Transcendentalism believed that there was an ideal transcendentalist entity in the universe, Experience, people can be intuition to grasp,people can understand the truth through intuition, within a certain range of people is God, they are a new round of religious reflection and criticism, they abandon the Calvin sect God as the center Point of view, against rationality, advocating intuition, to promote the humanistic spirit, advocate individual liberation, emphasizing the value of individuals, this trend on the society at that time had a great impact, especially for Europes dominant theological ideas, transcendentalism The liberation of American ideology and culture, but also affected the American literature, an indispensable part of American literature.Although Hawthorne is not transcendentalist fanatical followers, but his relationship with Emerson and Thoreau are very close, in their daily lives,their contacts are pleasant.Creation periodIn 1837, Hawthornes first short story collection repeat the story again to bring him some fame.After 1845, Hawthorne entered the creation of the mature period, in 1846 launched the second short storyancient house moss, but the book only to bring him a modest income. Hawthorne once again seek the help of political friends, get a government office, any Salem customs inspector, served for three years to give up the work. In 1848 the presidential general, different political parties came to power, then replaced a large number of government officials, Hawthorne is also one of them. He experienced a heart and body suffering,and finally calm down, began to create his most famous novel Scarlet Letter.In 1850, the Scarlet Letter made him famous. The Scarlet Letter is the first symbolist novel in the history of American literature. Since the novelfocuses on Hawthornes creative personality and experience, he was immediately criticized by thecritics as the greatest writer born in this century. Scarlet income so that he out of poverty, Hawthornebid farewell to his hometown, his family moved to Massachusetts, West Burke County Lennox. In the Lennox, Hawthornes creation began to peak, masterpiece gush.1851 completed the seven sharp angle of the house is the description of the family history of the decline of the novel. In 1851 also published a short story collection Snow Shadow.In 1852, for the classmate Franklin Pierce campaign president, launched biography: Franklin Pierce Biography, the works received by Pierce appreciation. Franklin Pierce was elected president, appointed Hawthorne as US Consul General in Liverpool, England.1853 published fairy tale chaotic grove story, the two fairy tale has become the classic American childrens literature.Hawthorne during his tenure (1853-1857), he fully understood the British customs, the road impression into the British notes (Hawthorne after the death of the notes published by his wife), and essays our home (Published in 1863). In 1858, he traveled to France and Italy, written as French and Italian notes, the novel jade statue (published in 1860). Jade statue toItaly as the background, is Hawthorne created the last complete novel.。

霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne 个人简介

The Minister’s Black Veil
分析胡珀教长带黑面纱的原因： 1. 始终是个迷,也许像故事暗示的那样，他曾经犯下某种罪孽，为给自己赎罪而带上黑面纱。 2. 为芸芸教众们赎罪。世间所有的人都带有与生俱来的罪孽，而且每个人都设法隐藏它，因此是不可饶恕的。 3. 他的清教主义的罪恶观使他的双眼蒙上一层黑纱。 4. 以一种似乎自相矛盾的方式抗议人们缺乏坦率、存有隔膜、缺乏同情心及友爱之心。
Masterpiece The Scarlet Letter
1850 《红字》 Novel The House of the Seven Gables 1851 《带有七个尖角阁的房子》 Novel The Blithedale Romance 1852 《福谷传奇》
Children’s book True Stories from History and Biography 1851 《真实的历史和人物传奇故事》 Wonder Book for Girls and Boys 1851 《奇异的书》 Tanglewood Tales for Girls and Boys 1853《丛林传说》 Collection of short stories The Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told Tales 《雪影和其它重讲一遍故事》 1852 Novel The Marble Faun 1860《玉石雕像》 Novel Our Old Home 1863《我们的老家》
He was hired in 1839 as a weigher and gauger at the Boston
Custom House. He joined the transcendentalist utopian community at Brook Farm in 1841. While on a tour of the White Mountains, Hawthorne died in his sleep on May 19, 1864, in Plymouth, New Hampshire.

the scarlet letter中文译文

the scarlet letter中文译文《红字》（The Scarlet Letter）是一部经典小说，由美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）于1850年发表。

这部小说被誉为美国文学史上的巨著，讲述了一个在17世纪新英格兰社会中，因性丑闻被判刑的女性海薇·普林（Hester Prynne）的故事。

在小说中，霍桑为读者呈现出海薇·普林的故事，并通过她的故事，深刻地反思了人性、道德和社会价值观。

除此之外，小说中还存在着大量的 symbol（象征符号），如红字、夜、森林等，这些 symbol 为小说增添了不少意义和魅力。

随着《红字》的国际影响逐渐加大，这部小说被译成多种语言，并且在中文学术界中也有多个译本。

“红字”的中文译文主要有王士祯译本、严合标译本、钱钟书译本和顾颉刚译本等。

下面我将对这几个译本进行比较和评价。

首先是王士祯译本。

据我所知，这个译本是最早的中文译本之一，最早发表于20世纪50年代。

相较于其他译本，这个译本的语言简练，易于理解，也比较符合当时的中文读者的口味。

然而，王士祯译本在翻译原著中的symbol 时并未十分准确地传达原意，这与原著的意图不相符。

其次是严合标译本。

相对于王士祯译本，严合标译本对原著中 symbol 的传达更为准确，但在整体语言风格上相对较为生硬。

这个译本的语言并不够流畅，也不能使人深入感受到原著中的情感和气氛。

因此，虽然这个译本的准确度得到了提高，但整体阅读体验并不是很好。

其次是钱钟书译本。

这个译本被誉为是中国现代化大师之一的钱钟书先生所作的《红字》中文翻译。

这个译本在语言上追求的是优美和准确，而结合钱老的文学智慧和阅读体验，使得这个译本得到了众多中文读者的喜爱。

不过，相较于原著，译本在符号的传达上仍然存在一定的问题。

最后是顾颉刚译本。

这个译本是较为新近的一个版本，其中翻译者尤其关注了原著中 symbol 的传达。

纳撒尼尔·霍桑（Nathaniel

纳撒尼尔·霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）短⽚⼩说《David Swan》David SwanNathaniel HawthorneWe can be but partially acquainted even with the events which actually influence our course through life, and our final destiny. There are innumerable other events--if such they may be called--which come close upon us, yet pass away without actual results, or even betraying their near approach, by the reflection of any light or shadow across our minds. Could we know all the vicissitudes of our fortunes, life would be too full of hope and fear, exultation or disappointment, to afford us a single hour of true serenity. This idea may be illustrated by a page from the secret history of David Swan.We have nothing to do with David until we find him, at the age of twenty, on the high road from his native place to the city of Boston, where his uncle, a small dealer in the grocery line, was to take him behind the counter. Be it enough to say that he was a native of New Hampshire, born of respectable parents, and had received an ordinary school education, with a classic finish by a year at Gilmanton Academy. After journeying on foot from sunrise till nearly noon of a summer's day, his weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade, and await the coming up of the stage-coach. As if planted on purpose for him, there soon appeared a little tuft of maples, with a delightful recess in the midst, and such a fresh bubbling spring that it seemed never to have sparkled for any wayfarer but David Swan. Virgin or not, he kissed it with his thirsty lips, and then flung himself along the brink, pillowing his head upon some shirts and a pair of pantaloons, tied up in a striped cotton handkerchief. The sunbeams could not reach him; the dust did not yet rise from the road after the heavy rain of yesterday; and his grassy lair suited the young man better than a bed of down. The spring murmured drowsily beside him; the branches waved dreamily across the blue sky overhead; and a deep sleep, perchance hiding dreams within its depths, fell upon David Swan. But we are to relate events which he did not dream of.While he lay sound asleep in the shade, other people were wide awake, and passed to and fro, afoot, on horseback, and in all sorts of vehicles, along the sunny road by his bedchamber. Some looked neither to the right hand nor the left, and knew not that he was there; some merely glanced that way, without admitting the slumberer among their busy thoughts; some laughed to see how soundly he slept; and several, whose hearts were brimming full of scorn, ejected their venomous superfluity on David Swan. A middle-aged widow, when nobody else was near, thrust her head a little way into the recess, and vowed that the young fellow looked charming in his sleep. A temperance lecturer saw him, and wrought poor David into the texture of his evening's discourse, as an awful instance of dead drunkenness by the roadside. But censure, praise, merriment, scorn, and indifference were all one, or rather all nothing, to David Swan.He had slept only a few moments when a brown carriage, drawn by a handsome pair of horses, bowled easily along, and was brought to a standstill nearly in front of David's resting-place. A linchpin had fallen out, and permitted one of the wheels to slide off. The damage was slight, and occasioned merely a momentary alarm to an elderly merchant and his wife, who were returning to Boston in the carriage. While the coachman and a servant were replacing the wheel, the lady and gentleman sheltered themselves beneath the maple-trees, and there espied the bubbling fountain, and David Swan asleep beside it. Impressed with the awe which the humblest sleeped usually sheds around him, the merchant trod as lightly as the gout would allow; and his spouse took good heed not to rustle her silk gown, lest David should start up all of a sudden. "How soundly he sleeps!" whispered the old gentleman. "From what a depth he draws that easy breath! Such sleep as that, brought on without an opiate, would be worth more to me than half my income; for it would suppose health and an untroubled mind.""And youth, besides," said the lady. "Healthy and quiet age does not sleep thus. Our slumber is no more like his than our wakefulness."The longer they looked the more did this elderly couple feel interested in the unknown youth, to whom the wayside and the maple shade were as a secret chamber, with the rich gloom of damask curtains brooding over him. Perceiving that a stray sunbeam glimmered down upon his face, the lady contrived to twist a branch aside, so as to intercept it. And having done this little act of kindness, she began to feel like a mother to him."Providence seems to have laid him here," whispered she to her husband, "and to have brought us hither to find him, after our disappointment in our cousin's son. Methinks I can see a likeness to our departed Henry. Shall we waken him?""To what purpose?" said the merchant, hesitating. "We know nothing of the youth's character.""That open countenance!" replied his wife, in the same hushed voice, yet earnestly. "This innocent sleep!"While these whispers were passing, the sleeper's heart did not throb, nor his breath become agitated, nor his features betray the least token of interest. Yet Fortune was bending over him, just ready to let fall a burden of gold. The old merchant had lost his only son, and had no heir to his wealth except a distant relative, with whose conduct he was dissatisfied. In such cases, people sometimes do stranger things than to act the magician, and awaken a young man to splendor who fell asleep in poverty."Shall we not waken him?" repeated the lady persuasively."The coach is ready, sir," said the servant, behind.The old couple started, reddened, and hurried away, mutually wondering that they should ever have dreamed of doing anything so very ridiculous. The merchant threw himself back in the carriage, and occupied his mind with the plan of a magnificent asylum for unfortunate men of business. Meanwhile, David Swan enjoyed his nap.The carriage could not have gone above a mile or two, when a pretty young girl came along, with a tripping pace, which showed precisely how her little heart was dancing in her bosom. Perhaps it was this merry kind of motion that caused--is there any harm in saying it?--her garter to slip its knot. Conscious that the silken girth--if silk it were--was relaxing its hold, she turned aside into the shelter of the maple-trees, and there found a young man asleep by the spring! Blushing as red as any rose that she should have intruded into a gentleman's bedchamber, and for such a purpose, too, she was about to make her escape on tiptoe. But there was peril near the sleeper. A monster of a bee had been wandering overhead--buzz, buzz, buzz--now among the leaves, now flashing through the strips of sunshine, and now lost in the dark shade, till finally he appeared to be settling on the eyelid of David Swan. The sting of a bee is sometimes deadly. As free hearted as she was innocent, the girl attacked the intruder with her handkerchief, brushed him soundly, and drove him from beneath the mapleshade. How sweet a picture! This good deed accomplished, with quickened breath, and a deeper blush, she stole a glance at the youthful stranger for whom she had been battling with a dragon in the air."He is handsome!" thought she, and blushed redder yet.How could it be that no dream of bliss grew so strong within him, that, shattered by its very strength, it should part asunder, and allow him to perceive the girl among its phantoms? Why, at least, did no smile of welcome brighten upon his face? She was come, the maid whose soul, according to the old and beautiful idea, had been severed from his own, and whom, in all his vague but passionate desires, he yearned to meet. Her, only, could he love with a perfect love; him, only, could she receive into the depths of her heart; and now her image was faintly blushing in the fountain, by his side; should it pass away, its happy lustre would never gleam upon his life again."How sound he sleeps!" murmured the girl.She departed, but did not trip along the road so lightly as when she came.Now, this girl's father was a thriving country merchant in the neighborhood, and happened, at that identical time, to be looking out for just such a young man as David Swan. Had David formed a wayside acquaintance with the daughter, he would have become the father's clerk, and all else in natural succession. So here, again, had good fortune--the best of fortunes--stolen so near that her garments brushed against him; and he knew nothing of the matter.The girl was hardly out of sight when two men turned aside beneath the maple shade. Both had dark faces, set off by cloth caps, which were drawn down aslant over their brows. Their dresses were shabby, yet had a certain smartness. These were a couple of rascals who got their living by whatever the devil sent them, and now, in the interim of other business, had staked the joint profits of their next piece of villany on a game of cards, which was to have been decided here under the trees. But, finding David asleep by the spring, one of the rogues whispered to his fellow,"Hist!--Do you see that bundle under his head?" The other villain nodded, winked, and leered."I'll bet you a horn of brandy," said the first, "that the chap has either a pocket-book, or a snug little hoard of small change, stowed away amongst his shirts. And if not there, we shall find it in his pantaloons pocket.""But how if he wakes?" said the other.His companion thrust aside his waistcoat, pointed to the handle of a dirk, and nodded."So be it!" muttered the second villain.They approached the unconscious David, and, while one pointed the dagger towards his heart, the other began to search the bundle beneath his head. Their two faces, grim, wrinkled, and ghastly with guilt and fear, bent over their victim, looking horrible enough to be mistaken for fiends, should he suddenly awake. Nay, had the villains glanced aside into the spring, even they would hardly have known themselves as reflected there. But David Swan had never worn a more tranquil aspect, even when asleep on his mother's breast."I must take away the bundle," whispered one."If he stirs, I'll strike," muttered the other.But, at this moment, a dog scenting along the ground, came in beneath the maple-trees, and gazed alternately at each of these wicked men, and then at the quiet sleeper. He then lapped out of the fountain."Pshaw!" said one villain. "We can do nothing now. The dog's master must be close behind.""Let's take a drink and be off," said the otherThe man with the dagger thrust back the weapon into his bosom, and drew forth a pocket pistol, but not of that kind which kills by a single discharge. It was a flask of liquor, with a block-tin tumbler screwed upon the mouth. Each drank a comfortable dram, and left the spot, with so many jests, and such laughter at their unaccomplished wickedness, that they might be said to have gone on their way rejoicing. In a few hours they had forgotten the whole affair, nor once imagined that the recording angel had written down the crime of murder against their souls, in letters as durable as eternity. As for David Swan, he still slept quietly, neither conscious of the shadow of death when it hung over him, nor of the glow of renewed life when that shadow was withdrawn.He slept, but no longer so quietly as at first. An hour's repose had snatched, from his elastic frame, the weariness with which many hours of toil had burdened it. Now he stirred--now, moved his lips, without a sound--now, talked, in an inward tone, to the noonday spectres of his dream. But a noise of wheels came rattling louder and louder along the road, until it dashed through the dispersing mist of David's slumber-and there was the stage-coach. He started up with all his ideas about him."Halloo, driver!--Take a passenger?" shouted he."Room on top!" answered the driver.Up mounted David, and bowled away merrily towards Boston, without so much as a parting glance at that fountain of dreamlike vicissitude. He knew not that a phantom of Wealth had thrown a golden hue upon its waters--nor that one of Love had sighed softly to their murmur--nor that one of Death had threatened to crimson them with his blood--all, in the brief hour since he lay down to sleep. Sleeping or waking, we hear not the airy footsteps of the strange things that almost happen. Does it not argue a superintending Providence that, while viewless and unexpected events thrust themselves continually athwart our path, there should still be regularity enough in mortal life to render foresight even partially available?——From /hawthorne/128/。

Nathaniel Hawthorne 霍桑

Themes of Hawthorne’s writing
• 1. Explore the relationship between the past and the present • 2. Explore the hidden motivations of his characters. • 3. Examine the effect of hidden sin and secret guilt • 4. Moral or immoral, right or wrong is the question Hawthorne always talks about in his works.
Young Goodman Brown 《好小伙儿布朗》 The Minister’s Black Veil 《教长的面纱》 The Birth mark《胎痣》
Hawthorne’s Point of View
1) Evil is at the core of human life. 2) Whenever there is sin, there is punishment. Sin or evil can be passed from generation to generation. 3) Evil educates 4) He has disgust in science.
★Features of his works
• • • • • setting themes Idea Feature technique
Puritan New England Evil & sin “black vision” toward human beings Ambiguity（意义含糊） symbolism

纳撒尼尔·霍桑

霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne，1804年7月4日—1864年5月19日）19世纪美国小说家。其代表作品《红字》已成为世界文学的经典之一。霍桑出生于美国马萨诸塞州塞勒姆镇。他的祖辈为著名的1692年塞勒姆驱巫案的三名法官之一。父亲是个船长，在霍桑四岁的时候死于海上，霍桑在母亲抚养下长大。1821年霍桑在亲戚资助下进入缅因州的博多因学院，在学校中他与朗费罗与富兰克林·皮尔斯成为好友。1824年大学毕业，霍桑回到故乡，开始写作。完成一些短篇故事之后，他开始尝试把自己在博多因学院的经验写成小说，这就是长篇小说《范肖》，于1828年不署名发表，但是没有引起注意。霍桑将没有卖出去的小说全部付之一炬。 1836年霍桑在海关任职。1837年他出版了两卷本短篇小说集《重讲一遍的故事》，开始正式署上自己的名字。其中《教长的黑纱》一篇最为人称道。1841年霍桑曾参加超验主义者创办的布鲁克农场。1842年7月9日他结婚，婚姻非常美满。两人到马萨诸塞州的康科德村老牧师住宅居住三年，期间霍桑完成短篇小说集《古宅青苔》(1843)。其中的短篇小说《小伙子布朗》、《拉伯西尼医生的女儿》很受欢迎。 1846年霍桑又到海关任职。他从奥尔科特那里买下了康科德的wayside，并住在那里。他的邻居是作家爱默生、梭罗等人。1848年由于政见与当局不同,失去海关的职务,便致力于创作活动，写出了他最重要的长篇小说《红字》(1850)。当年霍桑在野餐中偶然遇到了居住在附近的麦尔维尔并成为好友。麦尔维尔对霍桑的《古宅青苔》很是赞扬，并且在给霍桑的信里提到了自己的小说《白鲸》的写作。爱伦坡也对《重讲一遍的故事》和《古宅青苔》非常感兴趣，写了很多评论。《红字》发表后获得巨大成功，霍桑继而创作了不少作品。其中《带有七个尖角阁的房子》和《福谷传奇》。1853年皮尔斯就任美国总统后，霍桑被任命为驻英国利物浦的领事。1857年皮尔斯离任，霍桑侨居意大利，创作了另一部讨论善恶问题的长篇小说《玉石雕像》。1860年霍桑返回美国，在康科德定居，坚持写作。1864年5月19日霍桑与皮尔斯结伴旅游途中，在美国新罕布什尔州朴茨茅斯去世。霍桑认为：与文明而古老的欧洲相比，美国“没有阴影，没有古风，没有秘传，没有绚丽而又昏默的冤孽，只有光天之下的枯燥乏味的繁荣”，给作家提供的素材极少。因此，霍桑把注意力转向过去，力图借助想象去挖掘历史上对创作有益的素材，以便“把过去了的时代与我们面前一瞬即逝的现在联系起来”。这也暗示了他以古喻今的创作意图。但是出于清教徒的审慎，霍桑采取了浪漫主义小说的创作形式。他认为只有这样，作者才能以自己选择的方式构思和创作，而又不必拘泥于细节的真实，才能在“真实的世界”和“仙境”之间找到现实与想象得以相结合的“中间地带”。霍桑的伟大正在于他能以表面温和而实质犀利的笔锋暴露黑暗、讽刺邪恶、揭示真理。描写社会和人性的阴暗面是霍桑作品的突出特点，这与加尔文教关于人的“原罪”和“内在堕落”的理论的影响是分不开的。霍桑是心理小说的开创者，擅长剖析人的“内心”。他着重探讨道德和罪恶的问题，主张通过善行和自忏来洗刷罪恶、净化心灵，从而得到拯救。然而霍桑并非全写黑暗，他在揭露社会罪恶和人的劣根性的同时，对许多善良的主人公寄予极大的同情。正如他的朋友、作家赫尔曼.梅尔维尔(Herman Melville)所指出的，霍桑的黑暗使在这黑暗中不停前进的黎明显得更加明亮。霍桑对美国文学的发展做出了很大的贡献。他对亨利.詹姆斯、福克纳及马拉默德等后代作家的影响是显而易见的。霍桑的作品想象丰富、结构严谨。他除了进行心理分析与描写外，还运用了象征主义手法。他的构思精巧的意象，增添了作品的浪漫色彩，加深了寓意。但他的作品中也不乏神秘晦涩之处。

霍桑的著名词句

纳撒尼尔·霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）是19世纪美国文学的重要代表之一，他的作品充满了浪漫主义和黑暗的象征主义。

以下是一些霍桑的著名词句：1. "时间是一个非常奇怪的事物，一会儿感觉很慢，一会儿又感觉很快。

"2. "人类之所以愿意欺骗自己，是因为他们不愿面对真相。

"3. "每个人的心中都有一把烙有自己名字的火炉。

"4. "短暂的一生里，每一个人都是自己的监狱长。

"5. "爱情是生活的调味品，让一切变得更加美好。

"6. "世界是一个巨大的书，不去旅行的人只能读到其中的一页。

"7. "人们往往在最不经意的时候，做出了最重要的决定。

"8. "心中的恐惧比外在的威胁更为可怕。

"9. "黑夜不是终结，而是新的开始。

"10. "真实的幸福只存在于对自己的真实了解之中。

"11. "我们的灵魂是一片森林，遍布着谜一样的路。

"12. "每个人都是自己命运的雕刻师。

"13. "真正的友谊是一种心灵的交流，而非言语的表达。

"14. "时间会治愈一切创伤，但过程却很漫长。

"15. "梦境是心灵的旅行，是无法被束缚的冒险。

"这些词句反映了霍桑对人性、时间、爱情以及心灵深处的思考和观察。