英语四六级阅读常见考点：并列和因果关系

洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌

四六级阅读考点出处第一大特征是：逻辑关系处常考。逻辑关系还包含：并列、举例、因果、递进等等。

而紧排在转折之后，相对在历年真题中较多出现的考查处，分别是：并列和因果。

常见表示并列的方式：词语方面有and, while（同时）, meanwhile, also；标点符号上，通常是两个句子之间用分号（；）隔开，表并列。

常见表因果的方式：词语方面有because, why, the reason, for, so, since, as a result等。需要注意的是当why引导一个问句时，考点出处往往是紧接着回答此问题的句子或相邻的几个罗列点或相连几段话的首句。

并列和因果都比较难以察觉，需要同学平时练习过程中就有意识地对这两种逻辑关系进行关注。

真题再现

例1：（并列）

They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.（2011.6,cet 4）

3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighbouring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?

A. Its food lacked variety.

B. Its people cared more for quantity.

C. It was short of well-trained chefs.

D. It didn't have flavourful food ingredients.

【答案】B

【解析】本段后半部分提到，这种只重数量不重质量的习惯持续了几十年，这意味着一代英国人是被无法和邻近的法国、意大利、比利时和西班牙相媲美的食物养大的。由此可知，英国食物无法跟邻国竞争是因为英国人只重数量不重质量。B选项是对原文中“prioritisation of quantity over quality”的同意转述。

例2：（因果）

American tourists, however, shouldn’t expect any relief soon. The dollar lost strength the way many marriages break up- slowly, and then all at once. And

currencies don’t turn on a dime. So if you want to avoid the pain inflicted by the increasingly pathetic dollar, cancel that summer vacation to England and look to New England. There, the dollar is still treated with a little respect.

55. What is the author’s advice to Americans?

A. They treat the dollar with a little respect

B. They try to win in the weak-dollar gamble

C. They vacation at home rather than abroad

D. They treasure their marriages all the more.

【答案】C

【解析】面对美元贬值给美国人带来的民族自尊上的困扰，作者给美国人提出建议：如果想要避免困扰，最好取消去英国的旅行，转而前往新英格兰（美国的一个地区）旅行。换句话说，作者建议取消去国外的旅行，转而在国内旅行。

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It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.

Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.

The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.

Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will