初中英语祈使句、 感叹句、反义疑问句和there be句型
初中英语【五种简单句】祈使句感叹句
英语的句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1)陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
有肯定句和否定句之分。
2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。
有以下四种:a. 一般疑问句( General Questions):Can you finish the work in time?你能按时完成工作吗?b. 特殊疑问句( W Questions; H Questions ):Where do you live?你住那儿?How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?c. 选择疑问句( Alternative Questions ):Do you want tea or coffee?你是要茶还是要咖啡?d. 反意疑问句( Tag-Questions ):He doesn't know her, does he?他不认识她,对不对?3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:Sit down, please.请坐。
Don't be nervous!别紧张!4)感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:What good news it is!多好的消息啊!A.简单句的五种基本句型。
简单句的五种基本句型,对于提高同学们的听、说、读、写、译能力有至关重要的作用。
下面我们就一起再来回顾一下简单句的五种基本句型吧!简单句的五种基本句型包括:a.主语 +连系动词 +表语 (S+ Link-V+P)此句型中的谓语动词为连系动词,作表语成分的有形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式介词短语等。
常见的系动词有be, feel, taste, smell, sound,seem, look(看起来 ), get(变 ),become(变 ),turn( 变 )等。
2024年中考英语简单句(疑问句感叹句祈使句therebe句型)复习课件(2)
3.(2022宿迁中考)_____ clever girl Kitty is !She can come up with some creative
ways to finish the project.
A.What
B.How a
C.What a
听句子,选图片。
F 1.___________
A 2.___________
A.be
B.is
C.are There be句型
B.How often
C.How soon
2.(2023福建中考)—_____ is from our home to the museum,Dad?
—It’s about two kilometers.
A.How far
B.How often
C.How soon
3.(2023连云港中考)—______ have you been a member of the Youth League?
A.How
B.What
C.What a
引导词
How
结构
How + __形__容___词__/_副__词___ (+主语+
谓语)!
例句
How beautiful it is !
How+形容词+a/an+ What a kind girl(she is)!
可数名词单数(+ 主语+谓语)!
How kind a girl(she is)!
特殊疑问词
疑问代词
what 什么 which 哪一个 who 谁 whom 谁(宾语) whose 谁的
疑问副词
when 什么时候 how 怎样 why 为什么 where 哪里
初中英语语法思维导图总结 - 句法之疑问句,感叹句,祈使句和陈述句
按句子的用途划分:一、疑问句:1. 一般疑问句:(1)一般疑问句的基本结构:Be动词/助动词+ 主语+其他? 助动词+主语+动词原形+其他?①be + 主语+ 其他?eg. Are you a student? 你是学生吗?Is the man your teacher?那位男士是你的老师吗?Were you absent from your class?你逃课了吗?Was he a policeman?他以前是警察吗?②助动词+主语+动词原形+其他?eg. Do you like the book? 你喜欢这本书吗?Do you work in the bank?你在银行工作吗?Does he study hard?他学习努力吗?Did your mum clean your room yesterday?昨天你妈妈打扫你的房间了吗?③情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?eg. Could Jack hold out?杰克能挺得住吗?Should students study hard?学生应该努力学习吗?Must he get up early every day?他每天必须早起吗?Will Mary be invited this time?这次邀请玛丽吗?④have 作“有”意思时,可按be动词处理,也可按实义动词处理eg. Has he a motorcycle?/ Does he have a motorcycle?他有摩托车吗?Did you have a shower? 你洗过澡了吗?(2)一般疑问句回答:Yes(No), 主语+ 助动词/be/情态动词(n’t)②其他回答方式:肯定:certainly当然,确定;naturally当然地,自然地;I think so我希望这样;I expect so我期望如此,all right好的,好吧;with pleasur愿意为您效劳。
否定:certainly not 当然不;not at all 一点也不;I don’t think so我希望不这样not yet 还没有,也不;of course not 当然不,当然不会。
Th.b、反意、感叹、句型、并列句、宾语从句
There be句型的用法一、构成:There be ...句型表示的是“某处有(存在)某人或某物”,其结构为There be(is,are,was, were )+名词+地点状语。
例如:There are fifty-two students in our class.There is a pencil in my pencil-case.There was an old house by the river five years ago.二、各种句式:否定句:There be句型否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上“not”。
也可用“no”来表示。
即:no + n.(名词)= not a\an\any + n.(名词)。
注意:no + n.(可数名词单数)= not a\an + n.(可数名词单数);no + n.(可数名词复数)= not any + n.(可数名词复数);no + n.(不可数名词)= not any + n.(不可数名词)如:There is an orange in her bag.→There isn’t an orange in her bag.→There is no orange in her bag.There are some oranges in her bag.→There aren’t any oranges in her bag.→There are no oranges in her bag.There is some juice in the bottle.→There isn’t any juice in the bottle.→There is no juice in the bottle.一般疑问句:There be结构的一般疑问句变化只需把be动词移到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可。
回答时用yes或no,后接简单答语。
小升初英语专项十:祈使句,感叹句,there be句型
小升初英语专项十:祈使句、感叹句和there be句型一、知识点回顾1.祈使句概念:表示命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召等,谓语动词用原形。
主语you通常省略,句末用感叹号或句号。
肯定结构:Go and wash your hands.(去洗你的手。
——命令)Be quiet,please.(Please be quiet.)(请安静。
——请求)Let’s go home.(让我们回家吧。
——建议)否定结构:(1)Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成:Eg:Don't go at a red light! 不要忘记我!Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!(2)Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let +宾语+动词原形+ 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形+ 其它成分”。
Eg:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
(3)有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!小试牛刀:将下列祈使句改成否定句。
(1)Let’s fly kites now.____________________________________________________________________(2)Let him stay at home alone.____________________________________________________________________2.感叹句概念:表示喜怒哀乐等强烈情感的句子。
一般以what或how引导。
(1)what引导的感叹句(主要修饰名词)①What +a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+(主语+谓语)!E.g:What a lovely dog it is!②What +形容词+可数名词复数+(主语+谓语)!E.g:What lovely dogs they are!③What +形容词+不可数名词+(主语+谓语)!E.g:What clean water it is!(2)how引导的感叹句(主要修饰形容词或副词)How +形容词/副词+(主语+谓语)!E.g:How fast he runs!有关感叹句的选择题或填空题————做题方法(1)先找主语和谓语(一般先确定谓语动词)有名词①可数名词单数——what a/an(2)再看主语前有无名词②可数名词复数③不可数名词what无名词———how小试牛刀:用what或how填空。
初中考试常见反义疑问句的用于解析及其试题类型参考
1.祈使句。
祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句,will you多表示请求,won't you多表示提醒对方。
陈述部分为否定的祈使句时,用will you。
例如:Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板,好吗?Let引导的祈使句有两种情况:1)Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。
例如:Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧,好吗?还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。
2)Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。
例如:Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试,行吗?2.感叹句。
感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。
例如:What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊,是吧?3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to,且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问句需用do的适当形式。
若dare和need 为情态动词,疑问部分用dare 或need构成。
例如:We need to help them, don’t we?You daren’t go there, dare you?4.陈述部分主、谓语是I am...时,反意疑问句用aren't I 或ain't I ,而不是am not I (可用am I not)。
例如:I'm working now, ain't I? 我在工作,是吗?5.陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。
语法专题 04 感叹句、反义疑问句、祈使句-2023年江苏中考英语二轮复习语法专题讲解与题型强化训练
语法专题04感叹句、反义疑问句、祈使句☞【考点介绍】☞【应试技巧】一、感叹句①中考中常考的一些不可数名词有以下这些:news,information,advice,weather,fun,music,traffic,work,food,knowledge,furniture,progress等。
②有些不可数名词,如果前面有形容词修饰,要将这些抽象名词具体化,在这些不可数名词前加不定冠词a/an.如:What a great time we had last week!What a heavy rain!二、反义疑问句考点一:反意疑问句的类型1. 陈述句部分带有never, few, little, nothing, nobody, no, none, neither, seldom, hardly, too...to...等否含有定意义的词时,此陈述句为否定句,其附加疑问句要用肯定形式。
She never tells a lie, does she?He is too young to go to school, is he?注意:陈述句部分带有具否定含义的前缀时,该句不可被认为是否定句,依然是肯定句,疑问句部分仍然用否定形式。
如:He looks unhappy today, doesn’t he?2. 陈述句部分为There be句型时,疑问句部分用be there 形式。
如:There is a tree in front of our classroom, isn’t there?3. 陈述句部分的主语是指事或物的不定代词如:something, anything, nothing, everything时,附加疑问句部分的主语用it。
如:Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it?4.陈述句部分的主语是指人的不定代词如:somebody (someone), anybody (anyone), nobody (no one), everybody (everyone)时,附加疑问句部分的主语用he或they,这时问句动词的数应和he或they一致。
祈使句知识点详解(初中英语专项复习)22
祈使句知识点详解(初中英语专项复习)祈使句是英语的基本句型之一①用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等②一般没有主语,实际上是省略了主语“You”③一般动词原形开头,没有时态和数的变化④句末用感叹号或句号,用降调朗读祈使句的5种句型结构1 Do型祈使句肯定形式:实义动词原形(+宾语+其他)否定形式:Don't/Never+实义动词原形(+宾语+其他)Don’t be late for school again !Never leave today’s work for tomorrow2 Be型祈使句肯定形式:Be +表语(+其他)Be careful!否定形式:Don't/Never+be+表语(+其他)Don’t be late for school again !3 Let型祈使句肯定形式:Let+宾语+动词原形(+其他)Let’s go fishing this afternoon否定形式:Don't+let+宾语+动词原形(+其他)/Let +宾语+not+动词原形(+其他)Let’s not be lateDon’t let the boy play football in the street4 No 型祈使句No+名词No photos!No+动名词No swimming!5无动词祈使句主要是以形容词、副词、名词构成的祈使句Careful !Quickly!Eyes front !祈使句的反义疑问句1若陈述部分为祈使句,疑问部分通常用will you /won’t you/would you 等若陈述部分为否定式,则疑问部分为will you2当祈使句为Let us...时,表示建议疑问部分总是用shall we3当祈使句为Let us...时(1)若表示请求,疑问部分用will you(2)若表示建议,疑问部分用shall we4当祈使句带有主语时,有时祈使句带有自己的主语,此时不要将其误以为是陈述句,可以通过上下文判断其句意补充—句型转换祈使句与陈述句的句型转换祈使句=You must...(陈述句)“祈使句+and/or+简单句”可转换为if引导的条件状语从句的复合句Use your head and you’ll find a way=If you use your hand,you’ll find a wayHurry up,or we’ll be late=If we don’t hurry up,we’ll be late祈使句用法口诀祈使句,无主语,动词开头就可以表示请求或命令,加上please表客气要想变成否定句,Don't开头别忘记。
初中英语知识点汇总:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句
初中英语知识点汇总:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句句子的类型(一)教学重点句子的类型:陈述句陈述句(包括肯定的或否定的)用来叙述一项事实。
陈述句的结构分为肯定结构和否定结构两种。
1、陈述句的肯定结构(1)主语与谓语的一致,句子中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上必须一致。
如:I was having dinner when he came in.He is now working at a bank.①谓语只跟主语的中心词保持一致,修饰词不影响主语的数:The quality of this kind of bike is poor.There be结构和其他倒装句中,谓语通常放在主语的前面,这时谓语是单数还是复数,要依后面的主语而定,如:There is no milk in the bottle.There are no students iin the classroom.②“one of ……”结构作主语,谓语应该用单数。
如:One of the students is absent.Making things is a good activity.What hurt her most is his words.③由and连接两个或两个以上的名词,由“both…and…”连接的两个成分作主语,其谓语动词通常用复数形式,如:Susan and Sally like pop music.The worker and the peasant are going to give us a talk.④单数名词后面有下面词语修饰时,主语不受这些词或词组的影响with…. like…as well as…together with…He, as well as his classmates, likes popular songs.Mr Li, together with his wife and two songs, is on holiday these days.⑤由连词“either…or…”,“neither…nor…”,“not only…but also…”,also, nor, or连接两个名词或代词,谓语动词的形式应与最近的主语保持一致Neither I nor my brother is good at maths.Either you or I’m wrong.注意:表示数量、时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
祈使句、there be句型
祈使句讲解与专项练习祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。
其主语you常省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号。
1. 肯定的祈使句(1)动词原形+其他Stand up, please. =Please stand up. 请起立。
(2)Be + adj.Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心/ 当心!(3)Let's + 动词原形Let’s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。
2. 否定的祈使句(1) Don't + 动词原形Don't stand up. 别站起来。
Don't be careless. 别粗心。
Don't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。
(2)Let's ( let sb ) + not + 动词原形Let's not say anything about it. 对于这件事,咱们什么也别说。
Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。
3.祈使句的反意疑问句(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。
Please open the door, will/ won’t you? 请把门打开,好吗?(2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。
Don't be late again, will you? 别再迟到了,行不行?(3) 以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we。
Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开,好吗?<特别注意> 只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we,而let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you.如:Let us stay here, will/ won't you? 请(你)让我们留在这好吗?语法练兵场单项选择1. The TV is too loud. Please________.A. turn it downB. to turn it downC. turn down itD. to turn down it2. _______ late again, Bill!A. Don't to beB. Don't beC. Not beD. Be not3. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.A. NotB. Won'tC. Doesn'tD. Don't4. Please help me carry it, ______?A. will IB. will youC. shall ID. shall we5. Don't make so much noise, ______?A. will youB. won't youC. shall weD. do you6. Do you know the girl ______under the tree?A. standB. to standC. standingD. stood7. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.A. bringB. bringsC. to bringD. bringing8. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.A. TellingB. To tellC. ToldD. Tell9. I've kept the dog _______Maomao for a long time.A. NameB. namedC. namingD. to name10. Don't you know that _______ is good for our health?A. swimB. swimmingC. swamD. swims句型转换11. Will you please read it again more slowly? (改为祈使句)_____ _____ again more slowly, please.12. If you don't listen to me, I'll go. (改为同义句)_____ _____ me, or I’ll go.13. Let's watch the sports games. (改为反意疑问句)Let's watch the sports games, _____ _____?14. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. (改为祈使句)_____ _____careless, please.15. Please sit next to Nancy. (改为否定句)_____ _____ next to Nancy.16. Don't forget to turn off the lights, please. (改为反意疑问句)Don't forget to turn off the lights, _____ _____?17. If you move, you'll die. (改为同义句)_____ _____, or you'll die.18. Come to my house tomorrow. (改为反意疑问句)Come to my house tomorrow, _____ _____?19. 这是一个坏了的被子。
初中语法-陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句
在英语中,句子按使用目可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。
一、陈述句陈述句用来说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法,句末用句号。
(一)五种基本句型基本句型一:主语+不及物动词1.Great changes have taken place.2.We all breathe, eat and drink.3.The blind study in special schools.4.Fighting broke out between the South and North.5.To tell the truth always pays.6.What he said doesn’t matter.以上例句中的斜体部分是句子的主语。
主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme),是句子所述说的主体。
它的位置一般在一句之首。
可用作主语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词化的名词、动名词、不定式、从句等等。
谓语动词说明主语的动作和状态。
以上例句中,我们不难看出,句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词,这些不及物动词可以是单个的动词,也可以是短语。
由此,可以归纳出句型一:主语+不及物动词。
基本句型二:主语+系动词+表语1. He is a teacher.2. The best composition is hers.3. Five and five is ten.4. He is asleep.5. His father is in.6. The picture is on the wall.7. My watch is gone \ missing\lost.8. To see is to believe.9. The question is whether they will come.以上例句中的斜体部分是句子的表语。
表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身分,通常有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、形容词化的分词、不定式或者从句充当。
祈使句,感叹句,反义疑问句,倒装句
祈使句定义:用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表达命令。
祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。
祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用句号来表示结束。
一、祈使句的肯定句式1.祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:①实意动词原形+其它成分Stand up!Close the door, please.① Be动词+其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)Be quiet,please./Please be quiet.① Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分Let me help you.2. 祈祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never①在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’Don't forget me!①在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’tDon't be late for school!③Let型的否定式有两种:Let +us(me/him/her/it/them)+ not+ 动词原形Don’t let +us(me/him/her/it/them)+动词原形Let’s not say anything about it.Don’t let him go alone.3.No+名词/V-ing形式结构,表示禁止做某事。
例如:No fishing!No smoking!No photos!4.以may为句首的表示祝愿的祈使句.May you + 动词原形1) 祝你成功!May you succeed!2) 祝你一路平安!May you have a safe journey!5.don’t/doesn’t/didn’t后跟动词原形Please后跟动词原形练习:单项选择1. ________ stand too close to North Americans. Give them more personal space.A. Aren'tB. Didn'tC. Won'tD. Don't2. ---Is there a No. 2 bus stop near here?---Yes, there is. __________ at the second crossing, and you will find it.A. Turning leftB. Turn leftC. To turn leftD. Turns left3. —________. The baby is sleeping. I'm sorry.A. Not talkB. Not talkingC. Don't talkD. Can't talk4. — _______ late for school again, Tim! — Sorry, I promise that I _______.A. Don’t; won’tB. Don’t be; won’tC. Don’t be; don’tD. Don’t; will5. Don’t ___ shy. Everyone may make mistakes at the beginning.A. amB. isC. beD. are6. Please . The boy is studying.A. not noisyB. don’t noisyC. not to be noisyD. don’t be noisy7. —I’m leaving now. —________ you turn off the lights and the computer.A. To make sureB. Make sureC. Made sureD. Making sure8. Tony, ________, or you will get heavier.A. doesn't play sports any moreB. doesn't eat so much meatC. don't play sports any moreD. don't eat so much meat9. Don’t _______ too much TV. It’s bad for your eyes.A. watchingB. to watchC. watchD. watches10. —Would you please _______ near the river? Oh, sorry, I won’t.A. not playB.don’t playC. not to play11. — Please don’t make a noise. — ________ . I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.A. Yes, I doB. No, I don’tC. Yes, I willD. No, I won’t12. — ______, please.K-E-Y.A. What’s thisB. Spell itC. Can you spell itD. What is it13. _________ play in the street. It’s very dangerous.A. DoB. NotC. Don’tD. Doesn’t14. climb the tree! It’s too small. Come down quickly!A. Don’tB. Isn’tC. Aren’tD. Do15. —Don’t forget to close the door after school. — ________.A.OK, I won’tB.OK, I will.C.Yes, I do.D.No, I don’t.16. ---Sorry for being late again. ---__________here on time next time, or you’ll be punished.A. BeB. BeingC. To beD. Been17. _____ drive too fast .We have enough(足够的)time to get there.A. NotB. Don’tC. doesn’t18. Boys and girls, _____in bed. It’s bad for your eyesA. not readB. doesn’t readC. no readD. don’t read感叹句感叹句:表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情;表达喜、怒、哀、乐、惊、恐等强烈情绪;感叹句分为两种:一种以what引导,一种以how引导。
初中英语知识点汇总:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句
初中英语知识点汇总:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句句子的类型(一)教学重点句子的类型:陈述句陈述句(包括肯定的或否定的)用来叙述一项事实。
陈述句的结构分为肯定结构和否定结构两种。
1、陈述句的肯定结构(1)主语与谓语的一致,句子中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上必须一致。
如:I was having dinner when he came in.He is now working at a bank.①谓语只跟主语的中心词保持一致,修饰词不影响主语的数:The quality of this kind of bike is poor.There be结构和其他倒装句中,谓语通常放在主语的前面,这时谓语是单数还是复数,要依后面的主语而定,如:There is no milk in the bottle.There are no students iin the classroom.②“one of ……”结构作主语,谓语应该用单数。
如:One of the students is absent.Making things is a good activity.What hurt her most is his words.③由and连接两个或两个以上的名词,由“both…and…”连接的两个成分作主语,其谓语动词通常用复数形式,如:Susan and Sally like pop music.The worker and the peasant are going to give us a talk.④单数名词后面有下面词语修饰时,主语不受这些词或词组的影响with…. like…as well as…together with…He, as well as his classmates, likes popular songs.Mr Li, together with his wife and two songs, is on holiday these days.⑤由连词“either…or…”,“neither…nor…”,“not only…but also…”,also, nor, or连接两个名词或代词,谓语动词的形式应与最近的主语保持一致Neither I nor my brother is good at maths.Either you or I’m wrong.注意:表示数量、时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
中考英语语法--祈使句感叹句反义疑问句it倒装句
中考英语语法--祈使句感叹句反义疑问句it倒装句没什么五种特殊句型祈使句感叹句反义疑问句It(形式主语、形式宾语、强调句)倒装句没什么没什么祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:1.行为动词原形+其它成分。
例如:Makeentenceafterthemodel.根据例句造句。
2.Be动词+其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。
例如:Becarefulwhencroingthetreet.过马路时要小心。
3.Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分。
例如:Lethimgobacknow.让他现在回去吧。
没什么祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Dont或Never,一般分为以下三种类型:1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dont,构成Dont+行为动词原形+其它成分。
例如:Dontaythatagain!别再那样说了!2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont,构成Dontbe+其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。
例如:Dontbecarele.不要粗心。
注意:在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。
3.在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用No+名词/Ving形式结构,表示禁止做某事。
例如:NOPHOTOS!禁止拍照!祈使句的否定句式没什么祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或wont。
在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:一是形式一致,即Ye与will保持一致;No与wont保持一致。
二是意思相反,即Ye是不的意思;No是“是”的意思。
在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
没什么---Dontgoout,pleae.Itrainingheavilyoutide.请不要出去。
外面雨下得很大。
----Ye,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。
没什么没什么表示喜、怒、乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。
感叹句、祈使句、反义疑问句
感叹句一、定义:表达欢喜、悲伤、惊讶等感情的句子称为感叹句。
一般以疑问词what或how起始,而以惊叹号终结。
二、感叹句通常有以下形式:(一)由感叹词what引导的感叹句:"what"意为"多么"用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。
1.What修饰名词或名词短语,有以下两种形式:What+a(an)+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!What+名词词组+主语+谓语!如:(1)What an apple this is!(2)What a fine day it is!2. What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:(1)What beautiful flowers they are! 这些花多么漂亮呀!(2)What nice music it is!注意:在感叹句中,What a / an 常用来修饰单数可数名词,若其前面的形容词为元音开头,则用an。
what 是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。
但有些不可数名词,如rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等,当前面有形容词修饰,使抽象名词具体化时,则要用what a / an,如:(1)What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一场雨啊!(2)What a great surprise it is! 这多么令人惊奇啊!(3)What a rich breakfast it is! 多么丰盛的一顿早餐啊!(二)由How引导的感叹句。
How用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。
"how"意为"多么",用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分)。
如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词,其结构是:How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!How+形容词+ a [an] +名词+S+V… !如:(1)How clever the girl is!(2)How quickly the boy is writing!(3)How kind a man he is! 他这个人真好!注意:当how修饰动词时,“how+主语+动词”构成,动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。
祈使句和感叹句、therebe句型
祈使句和感叹句、there-be句型慧乐教育第八讲句型(2)一、祈使句(一)教材例句1.Open the door, Daisy.2.Don't be late again.以上的两个句子没有主语,表示命令或建议,这样的句子是祈使句。
(二)语法全解1.祈使句基本概念:祈使句是英语中的基本句型之一,表示说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等,往往表示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等。
祈使句一般没有主语,句末用感叹号或句号,肯定结构都以动词原形开头。
3.Go and ask the teacher.4. Come and meet my family.2.祈使句基本结构(1)肯定句式有三种形式:①Do型(以动词原形开头)Sit down!Stand up!②Be型(Be+表语,如名词、形容词)Be quiet!③Let型(Let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他成分)Let me help you.注意:为了祈使句的句式委婉、客气,常加上please一词,构成句式Please...或...,please.Come here please.Please look after your little sister.(2)祈使句的否定结构是在动词原形前加don'tPlease don't go there.Don't be late.Don't let him in.注意:Let's型祈使句,其否定形式也可以用Let's not do...Let's not sit here.二、感叹句(一)教材例句以上三个句子含有丰富的感情色彩,表达自己的感受,句子末尾都用了感叹号,用what或how开头,这是感叹句。
(二)语法全解1.基本表达概念:用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情色彩的句子,叫感叹句。
感叹句用what或how 引导,句末常用感叹号。
What a clever boy he is!How tall the man is!2.基本结构1.感叹句可由“what+名词+主语+谓语……!”构成。
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【课堂演练】祈使句的用法指表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子。
句中通常不带主语,谓语动词用原形,句末用叹号或句点。
1、以Be开头的祈使句,Be后常加形容词。
Be careful! 当心!Be quiet! 安静点!2、以动词原形开头的祈使句:(1)肯定形式:Open the door, please.(2)否定形式,句首加don’t:Don’t be late.3、以let开头的祈使句:Let me/us Let him/her/them Let's go to school.4、由“No + 动名词”构成的祈使句,表示禁止,多用于公共场合的标牌或警示语:No parking! 禁止停车!No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No littering! 禁止乱扔垃圾!5、祈使句中的省略:A little more slowly, please. Hands up, please.Quiet, please! Quick!6、祈使句的反意疑问句:(1)以动词原形或don’t开头的祈使句,反意疑问句用will you / won’t you.Don’t be late next time, will you?(2)以Let+宾语(通常为第一或第三人称宾格)+动词原形+其它成分构成的祈使句,完整形式,反意疑问句用will you, 缩写形式用shall we.Let us have a look at your photo, will you?Let’s go swimming, shall we?【注意】1、“祈使句+and/or +简单句”是常用句型:祈使句+ and + 简单句表示“如果…,就…”Go down the street,and you'll see a hospital.祈使句+ or + 简单句表示“…否则…”Be quick,or we'll be late.2、在祈使句后面,常常附加一个问句,使语气更加委婉。
(1)Tell me about it,will you/won't you?(2)Don't tell anyone,will you?(3)Let us go out to play for a while,will you?(4)Let's go to school,shall we?感叹句的用法感叹句表示赞美、惊讶、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,一般有what和how引导,其后加上被强调的词(形容词、副词或名词)。
句末用感叹号,朗读时用降调。
(一)由what引导的感叹句:1、What+a/an+形容词+可数名词(单数)+主语+谓语!(主谓可省)What a difficult test it is! 这是多么难的考试啊!2、What+形容词+可数名词复数(或不可数名词)+主语+谓语!What great fun playing the game!What lovely babies they are!(二)由how引导的感叹句:1、How +形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!How beautiful a flower it is!How interesting a book it is! 多么有趣的一本书啊!2、How +形容词/ 副词+主语+谓语!How funny it is!How tall the boys are!How exciting he became when he heard the news!3、How +主语+谓语!How time flies!How he enjoys collecting stamps!他是多么的喜欢集邮啊!【难点】有the(可用形容词性物主代词或指示代词替换)用how,无the用what 。
What tall boys they are! How tall the boys are! (复数可数名词)What delicious bread it is! How delicious the bread is!(不可数名词)反意疑问句用法陈述句之后加上一个与之意思相反的简短问句,提出情况和看法来问对方是否同意的句子。
它由两部分构成:前一部分是对事物的陈述(降调),后一部分是简短的附加问句(升调)。
(一)基本构成:1、构成:前一部分是肯定形式,后一部分通常用否定形式;前一部分是否定形式,后一部分通常用肯定形式。
2、两部分的人称和时态必须一致。
谓语动词是行为动词的反意疑问句,用相应时态的助动词构成。
谓语动词含有助动词或情态动词的反意疑问句,用助动词或情态动词构成。
----- She likes singing, doesn’t she?----- Yes, she does.(喜欢) ----- No, she doesn’t.(不喜欢)3、附加问句的主语应用相应的代词,不能用名词。
4、附加问句动词的否定应用缩略形式。
5、祈使句的反意疑问句,无论是肯定句还是否定句,疑问部分通常都用will you?【注意】以Let’s开头的祈使句,疑问部分用shall we;以Let us开头的祈使句,疑问部分用will you。
Let’s go shopping, shall we? Let us sing a song, will you?1)Bill's sister is going to work in Paris next month.(改成反意疑问句)Bill's sister is going to work in Paris next month, ______________ ____________?2)The Reads don't enjoy living in China.(改成反意疑问句)The Reads don't enjoy living in China, ___________ _______________?6、当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that,these,those时,附加疑问句中的主语不再用指示代词,而要用it或they代替。
That isn’t your desk,is it?These are interesting stories,a ren't they?7、当陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone,somebody,nobody,none或everything,anything,nothing 等不定代词时,附加疑问部分的主语指人的用they,指物的用it。
Everyone came here,didn't they?Nobody phoned while I was out,did they?Everything is ready,isn't it?Nothing was said, was it?Nothing can stop us,can it?8、当陈述部分为there be句型时,附加问句部分用be(not) there结构的肯定或否定形式。
There is little meat in the fridge.(改为反意问句)There is little meat in the fridge, __________ ______________?(二)反意疑问句的难点:1、对于反意疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,若事实是肯定的,则用yes来回答,事实是否定的,则要用no回答。
Li Lei never goes to school late,does he? 李雷上学从不迟到,是吗?不,他迟到。
(事实是迟到的,则用yes回答. Yes,he does.)是的,从不迟到。
(事实是不迟到,则用no回答. No,he doesn't.)2、当陈述部分中含有no, no one, nobody, nothing, never, little, few, hardly, too…to等否定词时,附加疑问句部分用肯定形式。
Nothing was said, was it? 什么也没说,对吗?Nothing can stop us,can it?eg.1)His aunt ate nothing for breakfast this morning. (改为反意疑问句)His aunt ate nothing for breakfast this morning, ______________ ___________?2)There's nothing wrong with the computer.(改为反意疑问句)There's nothing wrong with the computer, ______________ ________________?3、反意问句中要注意到有些词的缩略形式。
eg. 's既是has也是is的缩略形式。
'd既是would也是had的缩略形式。
(1)He's already finished his homework.(改成反意问句)He's already finished his homework, _________________ ____________?(2)He's often told to come here.(改成反意疑问句)He is often told to come here, _______________ ___________?4、当陈述部分带有that从句作宾语时,附加问句的主谓一般应与主句保持一致。
但是如果主句动词是think时,附加问句的主谓一般应与从句主谓保持一致,如果think是否定形式,附加问句的谓语应是肯定形式。
eg. (1)They said that they would call us.(改成反意疑问句)They said that they would call us, __________________ _____________?(2)I don't think he will come. (改成反意疑问句)I don't think he will come, ________________ ___________?there be句型的用法:There be句型又叫存在句,是一种表示“存在”的句式,通常以there为形式主语,谓语动词通常为系动词be,后面跟名词词组,最后一般还带有地点状语。
there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。