初中英语祈使句、 感叹句、反义疑问句和there be句型

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【课堂演练】

祈使句的用法

指表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子。句中通常不带主语,谓语动词用原形,句末用叹号或句点。

1、以Be开头的祈使句,Be后常加形容词。

Be careful! 当心!Be quiet! 安静点!

2、以动词原形开头的祈使句:

(1)肯定形式:Open the door, please.

(2)否定形式,句首加don’t:Don’t be late.

3、以let开头的祈使句:Let me/us Let him/her/them Let's go to school.

4、由“No + 动名词”构成的祈使句,表示禁止,多用于公共场合的标牌或警示语:

No parking! 禁止停车!No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No littering! 禁止乱扔垃圾!

5、祈使句中的省略:

A little more slowly, please. Hands up, please.Quiet, please! Quick!

6、祈使句的反意疑问句:

(1)以动词原形或don’t开头的祈使句,反意疑问句用will you / won’t you.

Don’t be late next time, will you?

(2)以Let+宾语(通常为第一或第三人称宾格)+动词原形+其它成分构成的祈使句,完整形式,反意疑问句用will you, 缩写形式用shall we.

Let us have a look at your photo, will you?

Let’s go swimming, shall we?

【注意】

1、“祈使句+and/or +简单句”是常用句型:

祈使句+ and + 简单句表示“如果…,就…”Go down the street,and you'll see a hospital.

祈使句+ or + 简单句表示“…否则…”Be quick,or we'll be late.

2、在祈使句后面,常常附加一个问句,使语气更加委婉。

(1)Tell me about it,will you/won't you?

(2)Don't tell anyone,will you?

(3)Let us go out to play for a while,will you?

(4)Let's go to school,shall we?

感叹句的用法

感叹句表示赞美、惊讶、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,一般有what和how引导,其后加上被强调的词(形容词、副词或名词)。句末用感叹号,朗读时用降调。

(一)由what引导的感叹句:

1、What+a/an+形容词+可数名词(单数)+主语+谓语!(主谓可省)

What a difficult test it is! 这是多么难的考试啊!

2、What+形容词+可数名词复数(或不可数名词)+主语+谓语!

What great fun playing the game!

What lovely babies they are!

(二)由how引导的感叹句:

1、How +形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!

How beautiful a flower it is!

How interesting a book it is! 多么有趣的一本书啊!

2、How +形容词/ 副词+主语+谓语!

How funny it is!

How tall the boys are!

How exciting he became when he heard the news!

3、How +主语+谓语!

How time flies!

How he enjoys collecting stamps!他是多么的喜欢集邮啊!

【难点】有the(可用形容词性物主代词或指示代词替换)用how,无the用what 。

What tall boys they are! How tall the boys are! (复数可数名词)

What delicious bread it is! How delicious the bread is!(不可数名词)

反意疑问句用法

陈述句之后加上一个与之意思相反的简短问句,提出情况和看法来问对方是否同意的句子。它由两部分构成:前一部分是对事物的陈述(降调),后一部分是简短的附加问句(升调)。

(一)基本构成:

1、构成:前一部分是肯定形式,后一部分通常用否定形式;前一部分是否定形式,后一部分通常用肯定形式。

2、两部分的人称和时态必须一致。谓语动词是行为动词的反意疑问句,用相应时态的助动词构成。谓语动词含有助动词或情态动词的反意疑问句,用助动词或情态动词构成。

----- She likes singing, doesn’t she?

----- Yes, she does.(喜欢) ----- No, she doesn’t.(不喜欢)

3、附加问句的主语应用相应的代词,不能用名词。

4、附加问句动词的否定应用缩略形式。

5、祈使句的反意疑问句,无论是肯定句还是否定句,疑问部分通常都用will you?

【注意】以Let’s开头的祈使句,疑问部分用shall we;以Let us开头的祈使句,疑问部分用will you。Let’s go shopping, shall we? Let us sing a song, will you?

1)Bill's sister is going to work in Paris next month.(改成反意疑问句)

Bill's sister is going to work in Paris next month, ______________ ____________?

2)The Reads don't enjoy living in China.(改成反意疑问句)

The Reads don't enjoy living in China, ___________ _______________?

6、当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that,these,those时,附加疑问句中的主语不再用指示代词,而要用it或they代替。

That isn’t your desk,is it?

These are interesting stories,a ren't they?

7、当陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone,somebody,nobody,none或everything,anything,nothing 等不定代词时,附加疑问部分的主语指人的用they,指物的用it。

Everyone came here,didn't they?

Nobody phoned while I was out,did they?

Everything is ready,isn't it?

Nothing was said, was it?

Nothing can stop us,can it?

8、当陈述部分为there be句型时,附加问句部分用be(not) there结构的肯定或否定形式。There is little meat in the fridge.(改为反意问句)

There is little meat in the fridge, __________ ______________?

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