15年广州大学语言学基础考研真题
2015年华南理工大学870语言学和英美文学基础知识考研真题
2015年华南理工大学870语言学和英美文学基础知识考研真题(总分:240.00,做题时间:180分钟)一、Part One(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、术语解释(总题数:10,分数:20.00)1.fossilization(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.parole(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.universal grammar(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.paradigmatic relation(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.ditransitive verb(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.allegory(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.ode(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.stanza(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.farce(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.folklore(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、问题简答(总题数:4,分数:40.00)11.What are linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity?(分数:10.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________12.What are cross-section method and longitudinal method? Can you give an example to each method?(分数:10.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.What is Gothic Fiction?(分数:10.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.What accounts for the Greatness of Lyrical Ballads?(分数:10.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 四、Part Two(总题数:0,分数:0.00)五、专题简评(总题数:4,分数:40.00)nguage is human-specific.(分数:10.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ ngue, competence and linguistic potential(分数:10.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 17.The differences between grammatical analysis and pragmatics(分数:10.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 18.The relationship between linguistics and foreign language teaching(分数:10.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、分析评论(总题数:3,分数:50.00)Explain the rules and principles underlying the ungrammaticality or inappropriateness involved in the following sentences.(分数:20)(1).It was not until they got accepted into the Project that we found the growing corruption emerged in the past few years.(分数:10)__________________________________________________________________________________________(2).Railway officials, like their political bosses in Moscow, were apt to muse at the brilliant future in order to escape from pressing current problems.(分数:10)__________________________________________________________________________________________19.Analyze the following extract of a dialogue in terms of the related semantic and pragmatic theories.“How goes it?” asked Captain Cuttle.“All well,” said Mr. Gills, pushing the bottle towards him. He took it up, and having surveyed and smelt it, said with extraordinary expression:“The?”“The,” returned the instrument maker.(Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son)(分数:15.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________20.Analyze the following passage in terms of the related stylistic theory.Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor playerThat struts and frets his hour upon the stage,And then it heard no more; it is a taleTold by an idiot, full of sound and fury,Signifying nothing.(William Shakespeare, Macbeth, V.v)(分数:15.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________七、Part Three(总题数:0,分数:0.00)八、论述题(总题数:4,分数:40.00)21.Give your own definition of Poetry and comment on it.(分数:10.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ment on Transcendentalism.(分数:10.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ment on Charlotte Bronte’s book Jane Eyre.(分数:10.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ment on the novel The Great Gatsby.(分数:10.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________九、作品分析(总题数:2,分数:50.00)25.The following are the opening lines from a novel, Tess of the D’Urbervlles, written by Thomas Hardy (1840 —1928). Write an analytic essay on it in about 250 words.On an evening in the latter part of May a middle-aged man was walking homeward from Shaston to the village of Marlott, in the adjoining Vale of Blakemore or Blackmoor. The pair of legs that carried him were rickety, and there was a bias in his gait which inclined him somewhat to the left of a straight line. He occasionally gave a smart nod, as if in confirmation of some opinion, though he was not thinking of anything in particular. An empty egg-basket was slung upon his arm, the nap of his hat was ruffled, a patch being quite worn away at its brim where his thumb came in taking it off. Presently He was met by an elderly parson astride on a gray mare, who, as he rode, hummed a wandering tune. “Good night tee,” said the man with the basket.“Good night, Sir John,” said the parson.The pedestrian, after another pace or two, halted, and turned round.“Now, sir, begging your pardon; we met last market-day on this road about this time, and I said ‘Good-night ’ , and you made reply ‘Good night, Sir John’, as now”“I did,” said the parson.“And once before that…near a month ago.”“I may have.”“Then what might your meaning be in calling me ‘Sir John’ these different times, when I be plain Jack Durbeyfield, the haggler?”(分数:25.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________26.Read the following lines from T. S. Eliot ’s The Waste Land. Analyze it in a 200-word essay.April is the crullest month, breedingLilacs out of the dead land, mixingMemory and desire, stiringDull roots with spring rains.Winter kept us warm, coveringEarth in forgetful snow, feedingA little life with dried tubers.(分数:25.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________。
2019广州大学考研354汉语基础与445汉语国际教育基础(自命题)复习全析(含历年真题)
2019广州大学考研354汉语基础与445汉语国际教育基础(自命题)复习全析(含历年真题)《2019广州大学考研354汉语基础复习全析(含历年真题)》由鸿知广大考研网依托多年丰富的教学与辅导经验,组织官方教学研发团队与广州大学优秀研究生共同合作编写而成。
全书内容紧凑权威细致,编排结构科学合理,为参加2019广州大学考研的考生量身定做的必备专业课资料。
《2019广州大学考研354汉语基础复习全析(含历年真题)》全书编排根据广州大学考研参考书目:1.《现代汉语》,黄伯荣、廖序东主编,高等教育出版社。
2.《古代汉语》,王力主编,中华书局。
结合提供的往年广大考研真题内容,帮助报考广州大学考研的同学通过广大教材章节框架分解、配套的课后/经典习题讲解及相关985、211名校考研真题与解答,帮助考生梳理指定教材的各章节内容,深入理解核心重难点知识,把握考试要求与考题命题特征。
通过研读演练本书,达到把握教材重点知识点、适应多样化的专业课考研命题方式、提高备考针对性、提升复习效率与答题技巧的目的。
同时,透过测试演练,以便查缺补漏,为初试高分奠定坚实基础。
适用院系:人文学院:汉语国际教育(专业学位)资料选购适用科目:354汉语基础(自命题)内容详情本书包括以下几个部分内容:Part 1 - 考试重难点与笔记:通过总结和梳理《现代汉语》(黄伯荣增订五版)、《古代汉语》(王力)各章节复习和考试的重难点,建构教材宏观思维及核心知识框架,浓缩精华内容,令考生对各章节内容考察情况一目了然,从而明确复习方向,提高复习效率。
该部分通过归纳各章节要点及复习注意事项,令考生提前预知章节内容,并指导考生把握各章节复习的侧重点。
Part 2 - 教材配套课后/经典习题与解答针对教材《现代汉语》(黄伯荣增订五版)经典课后习题配备详细解读,以供考生加深对教材基本知识点的理解掌握,做到对广大考研核心考点及参考书目内在重难点内容的深度领会与运用。
广州大学 广大二外日语 综合英语 基础英语 写作与翻译 语言文学基础 考研真题及答案解析
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2015年广东外语外贸大学汉语国际教育官方真题
2015年广东外语外贸大学研究生入学考试汉语国际教育专业《汉语基础试题》壹汉语语言学基础知识(共60分)一、填空题(每小题1分,共25分)1.现代汉民族共同语是以北京语音为标准音,以北方话为基础方言,以典范的现代白话文为()的普通话。
2.现代汉语方言中,粤方言的代表话()。
3.有些形容词构成的反义词,如“深、浅”,在提问时问的是“深不深”,只有在设想其浅的时候,才问“浅不浅”,两个词之间大的语义范围的使用频率并不相等,这样就形成了反义()现象。
4.现代汉语在词汇方面的特点是:词性较短,单音节语素多;双音节词占优势;新词的构成广泛利用()法。
5.对普通话舌面元音的观察分为三个方面:舌位的高低、舌位的前后以及()。
6.普通话声d、t、n、l从发音部位看属于()7.现代汉语普通话中韵母的主干是()。
8.汉语的声调分为()和调类两个方面。
9.()又称偏旁,是由笔画组成的具有组配汉字功能的构字单位。
10.汉字的标准化要求对汉字进行四定,即定量、定定音和().11.熟语包括成语、()、和歇后语。
12.构词语素分为两种:词根和()。
13.“东方明珠香港”、“船长老王”属于()短语。
14.“花朵、压缩”属于()合成词。
15.词义中同表达()有关的意义部分叫理性意义。
16.词的转义主要是通过()和比喻两种方法产生的。
17.()是指说话时的人物、背景、牵涉到的人或物、时间、处所、社会以及说听的辅助性交际手段。
18.语言中一般词汇以外的词汇是()。
19.从成语的来源之中,“短兵相接”来源于()。
20.“概念、兴趣、欲望”是()名词。
21.按句法功能划分代词可分为代名词、代谓词和()。
22.常见的兼语句有四种:使令式、爱恨式、()、“有”字式。
23.“可见”在复句中表示的是()关系。
24.“别说A,连B”是()关系的复句。
25.疑问句根据提问的手段和语义可以分为四类:选择问、正反问、是非问和()。
二、判断题(每小题1分,共15分,正确的请在答题纸相应空格画0,不正确请画X)。
语言学概论题库及答案
语言学概论题库及答案例题分析一一、填空1、()、()、()具有悠久的历史文化传统,是语言学的三大发源地。
2、19世纪占欧洲语言学统治地位的(),标志着语言学成为独立学科。
3、符号具有物质性与(),表意性与()。
4、语言符号具有线条性与()。
5、人类发音器官可以分为三大部分:()器官、()器官和咽腔、()、()等共鸣器。
6、人类语言中的元音,绝大多数都是()元音。
二、判别正误()1、对语言发展某一个时间平面的研究,称为状态研究,也称历时研究。
()2、标志着语言学进入现代语言学阶段的是历史比较语言学的兴起。
()3、语言是思维的唯一工具,所有思维活动都有语言参与。
()4、对个人来说,学话的过程实际上就是认识世界的过程,思维发展的过程。
()5、拼音文字用字母表音,都是按照“一个音对应一个字母,一个字母对应一个音”的原则。
()6、元音和辅音的最大区别是发音时声带是否振动。
三、单项选择1、下列各种情况,()不是符号。
A、红灯表示禁止通行B、烽烟表示有敌来犯C、桂花开放表示金秋季节来临D、打“×”表示内容错误2、关于语言的基础研究,以下观点不正确的是()。
A、历史的研究领先于状态的研究B、口语领先于书面语C、规范应当服从于约定俗成四、名词解释1、符号的任意性和理据性2、聚合关系五、分析操作1、按题意填写国际音标:舌面前半高不圆唇元音:()舌尖前清不送气塞擦音()2、根据提供音标写出其成音条件[A]()[d]()六、问答1、怎样理解语言是一个层级装置?2、什么叫音素?元音和辅音有哪些区别?参考答案一、1、中国印度希腊-罗马2、历史比较语言学3、表意性理据性4、层次性5、呼吸发音口腔鼻腔6、舌面二、1、错,应为共时研究。
2、错,应为结构主义语言学3、错,有些思维活动不一定有语言符号参与。
4、对。
5、错,只有国际音标才能严格做到这一点。
6、错,应为发音时气流是否受阻。
三、1、C2、A四、1、任何符号都是形式和内容的统一体,其形式就是物质性,存在形式;其内容就是表意性,代表了什么样的他事物。
广东财经大学普通语言学考研真题试题2009——2015年
广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度:2009年 考试科目代码及名称:603-普通语言学适用专业:050201-英语语言文学一、名词解释(10题,每题3分,共30分)1. category2. semantic components3. schemata4. linguistic universality5. duality6. metalingual function7. minmal pair8. inflection9. cooperative principle10. validity二、判断题(5题,每题8分,共40分)Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully and decide whether it is true or false. Write T for true and F for false in the bracket.1.( )The Chinese expressions “吃饭了吗?” “家里都好吗?” “这是去哪啊?” etc. are examples of displacement.2. ( )Gradable antonymy is the sense relation between two antonyms which differ in terms of degree while complementary antonymy is the sense relation between two antonyms which are complementary to each other.3. ( )In the example: “He couldn’t open the door. It was locked tight”, the relation between “the door” and “It” is that of substitution.4. ( )A phoneme in one language or one dialect may be an allophone in another language or dialect.5. ( )A speaker flouts the Maxim of Quantity when his contributions to the conversation are not truthful.三、简答题(5题,每题8分,共40分)1. 1. Find the sources of the following blends. (1 point for each)1) smash 2) workaholic 3) modem 4) medicare5) motel 6) brunch 7) spam 8) chunnel2. Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences. (2 points for each)1) The instructor told the students to study.2) The Jet landed on the ground.3) That glass suddenly broke.4) The travelers are waiting for the train.3. What are the presuppositions that the following sentences may contain?(2 points for each)1) She regretted not accepting the gift from Tony.2) The pregnant teacher went on holiday.3) Where did he buy the beer?4) She wants more popcorn.4. The following conversational fragment is to some degree odd. To what extent can the oddness be explained by reference to Grice’s CP and maxims?A: Have you seen Peter today?B: Well, if I didn’t denying seeing him I wouldn’t be telling a lie.5. Give an example to illustrate the recursive nature of language that provides a theoretical basis for the creativity of language.四、论述题(2题,每题20分,共40分)1. What are special features of Systemic-functional linguistics and TG Grammar? Comment them briefly.2. Why do modern linguists put the priority of synchronic study over the diachronic study in linguistics?。
2015年中山大学外国语学院354汉语基础[专业硕士]考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2015年中山大学外国语学院354汉语基础[专业硕士]考研真题及详解壹汉语语言学基础知识(共80分)一、填空题。
(每小题1分,共30分)1.语音是人类发音器官发出的______的声音。
【答案】具有一定意义的,能够进行交际【解析】语音是人类说话的声音,是语言的物质外壳。
是人类发音器官发出的具有一定意义的,能够进行交际的声音,三要素缺一不可。
2.唇齿音声母只跟“四呼”中的______呼韵母和“u”韵母相拼。
【答案】开口【解析】根据现代汉语声母与韵母的拼合规律,唇齿音声母只跟开口呼韵母和“u”韵母相拼。
3.使用人口约占汉族总人口71.4%的方言是______。
【答案】北方方言【解析】北方方言是现代汉民族共同语的基础方言,以北京话为代表,内部一致性较强,它的分布地域最广,使用人口约占汉族总人口的70%以上。
4.现代汉语普通话的辅音声母有______个。
【答案】21【解析】现代汉语普通话共有22个辅音音素,其中有21个可以充当辅音声母。
除了这21个辅音声母之外,还有一个零声母。
5.“这儿哪儿有金子?”包含______个音节。
【答案】5【解析】句子的五个音节分别是:这儿(zhèr)、哪儿(nǎr)、有(yǒu)、金(jīn)、子(zi)。
“儿化”指的是一个音节中,韵母带上卷舌色彩的一种特殊音变现象。
在“这儿”“哪儿”中,“儿”字不是一个独立的音节,也不是音素,而只是一个表示卷舌动作的符号。
6.“sh”和“r”发音部位大致相同,只是______不同。
【答案】清浊【解析】“sh”是舌尖后、清、擦音;“r”是舌尖后、浊、擦音。
7.从音素的角度来分,汉语“[ɕ]、[ŋ]”属于______。
【答案】辅音【解析】音素是最小的语音单位,是从音色的角度划分出来的。
音素可以分为辅音和元音两大类。
辅音是气流经过口腔或咽头受阻碍而形成的音素,如“b、p、m、x、ng”等。
元音是气流振动声带发出的声音,经过口腔、咽头不受阻碍而形成的音素,如“a、o、e”等。
【复习重点】广东外语外贸大学汉硕参考书-分数线-考研真题-考研笔记二十二
【复习重点】广东外语外贸大学汉硕参考书-分数线-考研真题-考研笔记二十二全日制汉语国际教育硕士专业学位研究生入学考试汉语国际教育基础试卷(样卷)请将答案写在答题纸相应的位置上。
考试时间为180分钟。
壹中外文化及跨文化交际基础知识(共80分)一、填空题(每小题1分,共30分)1.中国第一部纪传体通史是《》。
2.秦始皇统一中国后,下令全国通用的汉字标准字体是。
3.出土大量甲骨文的“殷墟”位于现河南境内。
4.《格尔尼卡》是画家最著名的绘画作品之一。
5.中国的四大发明中,出现年代最早的是。
6.中国思想史上,把法、术、势思想有机结合起来,成为法家集大成人物的是。
7.京剧中,表示刚正稳健人物性格的脸谱颜色是。
8.佛教的创始人是。
9.在中国,举行观灯、舞龙、耍狮等习俗活动的传统节日是。
10.中国古代著名的水利工程都江堰建于时期。
11.与汉族早期长篇史诗不发达的情况不同,中国少数民族中往往流传着反映其早期历史的长诗,《格萨尔》就是族的著名史诗。
12.《》是明代修撰的一部最大的类书,原书22937卷,可惜因历史浩劫,散毁殆尽。
13.被称为“亚圣”的儒家代表人物是。
14.中国最早的一部诗歌总集是《》。
15.中医四诊法是指望、闻、问、。
16.中国第一篇现代白话小说是《》。
17.被誉为“诗中有画,画中有诗”的唐代著名诗人是。
18.中国书法史上的楷书四大家是指颜真卿、、欧阳询、赵孟頫。
19.耶路撒冷旧城是、伊斯兰教和基督教三大宗教发源地,三教都把耶路撒冷视为圣地。
20.中国戏剧中角色四大基本行包括生、旦、、丑。
21.二十四节气歌谣里,“夏满芒夏暑相连”中的“芒”指的是。
22.位居唐宋八大家之首的是。
23.王勃《滕王阁序》中,“落霞与孤鹜齐飞”的下一句是。
24.中国的最高立法机关是。
25.美国是一个多种族组成的国家,其中native American所指的族群是。
26.中国现存最早的神话故事集是《》。
27.浮世绘是国的一种传统绘画艺术。
北语语用专业00-15年初试真题(语言学概论).
北京语言大学语用专业00--15年语言学概论考研真题2015年1.名词解释—自源文字,组合关系,语境义,语义场,形态,音质音位2.判断并说明理由(1)组合,聚合关系不仅仅存在于语法中。
(2)每一种语言或方言中的音位都处于双向聚合群中。
(3)语素和词不仅是词汇单位,也是语法单位。
(4)地域方言和社会方言的差别只表现在词汇系统中。
3.分析题(1)写出普通话中a的四个音位变体,并分析这四个音位变体是如何产生。
(2)方言根据不同的角度可以分为哪些类型?并分析随着社会的发展,地域方言会有什么发展趋势。
(3)什么是借词?根据下面的例子归纳借词的类型。
剑桥,茶道,啤酒,基因,俱乐部,克隆,罗曼蒂克,CPU,霓虹灯(4)分析下列“老”和“子”哪些属于词根语素,哪些属于词缀语素老板,老鹰,老汉,老式,老化,老公孩子,电子,棋子,模子,(5)用层次分析法分析句子,并分析"V在"划分的理由我和哥哥确实都生在河北石家庄。
我的老板王立出生在首都北京。
4.简答题(1)区别特征是不是等同于发音特征?如何确定具体某个辅音音位的区别特征?(2)什么是词缀?什么是词尾?说说它们之间的主要区别。
(3)什么是变换分析?用具体例子说明如何用变换分析消解多义结构。
5.论述题(1)以一个具体语言为例说明语言中语法演变的具体表现。
(2)什么是语言换用和底层遗留?说明底层遗留产生的原因以及具体体现。
2014年语言学概论一、名词解释并举例。
社会方言地域方言语义特征语义指向音素音位表音素文字表音位文字单纯词合成词组合关系聚合关系同化异化隐喻换喻二、选择1、语言层次的上层包括A、音位、语素、词语、短语B、音位、语素、词语C、音素、语素、词语D、语素、词语、短语、句子2、波浪理论提出者 AA、施密特B、葆朴C、D、3、辅助性交际工具有BA、文字B、文字、手势语、身势语C、手势语、身势语D、语言、手势语、身势语4、语言规范最重要是指以下哪个方面 AA、书面语B、文字C、口语D、5、“臭”的词义由名词变成形容词,由“气味”变成“臭味”,发生了什么变化(B)A、扩大B、缩小和转移C、缩小D、转移6、现代语言学之父是AA、索绪尔B、洪堡特C、D、7、下面属于同一语系的语言DA、英语和芬兰语B、越南语和印尼语C、日语和苗语D、汉语和泰语8、下列都属于舌尖中音的一组是缺少选项。
【每日一题】2015中山大学445汉语国际教育基础考研真题
【每日一题】2015中山大学445汉语国际教育基础考研真题2015中山大学445 汉语国际教育基础考研真题一、填空题(每小题1分,共30分)1.《说文解字》的作者是_.2.二十四节气里的春分和秋分,这个“分”的意思是_.3.一首五言绝句应该有_个字。
4.在中国书法艺术方面,人们常说的颜筋柳骨的“柳”指的是书法家_.5.在我国建筑史上,被誉为万园之园的是_.6.关于三国的故事很多,其中“赔了夫人又折兵”中的“夫人”是指_的妹妹。
7.湖南的岳阳楼非常著名,_写的《岳阳楼记》更使它天下闻名。
8.古代女子15岁,一般要举行_礼。
9.“独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲”出自唐代诗人王维的名篇《_日忆山东兄弟》。
10.河姆渡遗址位于_流域。
11《诗经》是我国第一部诗歌总集,里面一共有诗歌_首。
12._是中国古代著名水利工程,它使成都平原成为了天府之国。
13.《人再旅途之泰圈》由_自编、自导、自演,创造了上映当时的华语片首周票房纪录。
14古代人们常用_来指代医学界。
15中国传统节日中时间在清明节之后、中秋节之前的是_.16.《山海经》记载的中国古代神话故事中不懈地追逐太阳的人是_.17中国民间有句谚语说明普通人生活中离不开的七件必需品,即“柴、米、油、盐、酱、_”18《_》是中国现代诗人徐志摩在离开英国剑桥大学时写的著名诗篇,表达了诗人真挚浓郁的离愁。
19.巴金的早期代表作激流三部曲分别是:《_》、《春》、《秋》。
20. 2014年9月因为公司上市的原因,中国新首富变成阿里巴巴的创始人_.21.中国历史上唯一正统的女皇帝是_。
22孔子曾经感叹过,“甚矣,吾衰矣,久矣,吾不复梦见周公”,这里的周公就是_初期的著名政治家姬旦。
23.包括《农夫与蛇》、《狼和小羊》等著名寓言故事在内,古希腊时期在民间中下层社会广为流传的一部散文故事集是《_》。
24.被称为“千岛之国”的亚洲国家有_、菲律宾、马尔代夫等。
25. 2014年9月中国和亚洲的网球代表人物、_届大满贯得主李娜宣布退役。
广东财经大学普通语言学考研真题试题2009——2015年
广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度:2009年 考试科目代码及名称:603-普通语言学适用专业:050201-英语语言文学一、名词解释(10题,每题3分,共30分)1. category2. semantic components3. schemata4. linguistic universality5. duality6. metalingual function7. minmal pair8. inflection9. cooperative principle10. validity二、判断题(5题,每题8分,共40分)Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully and decide whether it is true or false. Write T for true and F for false in the bracket.1.( )The Chinese expressions “吃饭了吗?” “家里都好吗?” “这是去哪啊?” etc. are examples of displacement.2. ( )Gradable antonymy is the sense relation between two antonyms which differ in terms of degree while complementary antonymy is the sense relation between two antonyms which are complementary to each other.3. ( )In the example: “He couldn’t open the door. It was locked tight”, the relation between “the door” and “It” is that of substitution.4. ( )A phoneme in one language or one dialect may be an allophone in another language or dialect.5. ( )A speaker flouts the Maxim of Quantity when his contributions to the conversation are not truthful.三、简答题(5题,每题8分,共40分)1. 1. Find the sources of the following blends. (1 point for each)1) smash 2) workaholic 3) modem 4) medicare5) motel 6) brunch 7) spam 8) chunnel2. Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences. (2 points for each)1) The instructor told the students to study.2) The Jet landed on the ground.3) That glass suddenly broke.4) The travelers are waiting for the train.3. What are the presuppositions that the following sentences may contain?(2 points for each)1) She regretted not accepting the gift from Tony.2) The pregnant teacher went on holiday.3) Where did he buy the beer?4) She wants more popcorn.4. The following conversational fragment is to some degree odd. To what extent can the oddness be explained by reference to Grice’s CP and maxims?A: Have you seen Peter today?B: Well, if I didn’t denying seeing him I wouldn’t be telling a lie.5. Give an example to illustrate the recursive nature of language that provides a theoretical basis for the creativity of language.四、论述题(2题,每题20分,共40分)1. What are special features of Systemic-functional linguistics and TG Grammar? Comment them briefly.2. Why do modern linguists put the priority of synchronic study over the diachronic study in linguistics?广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷(A)考试年度:2010年 考试科目代码及名称:603-普通语言学适用专业:050201-英语语言文学[友情提醒:请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题,答在本卷或草稿纸上无效!]一、名词解释(10题,每题3分,共30分)1. The theory of metafunctions of language2. Distinctive feature3. Open-class word4. Syntagmatic / horizontal / chain relation5. Selection restrictions6. Cohort theory7. Linguistic relativism8. Contextual meaning9. Indirect thought10. External evaluation二、判断题(5题,每题8分,共40分)1.( )Chomsky distinguished the linguistic competence ofthe speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as language and parole.2.( )Formalism sees as a central task for linguists characterizing the formal relationships among grammaticalelements independently of any characterization of thesemantic and pragmatic properties. In contrast,functionalism rejects that task on the grounds that the function of conveying meaning in its broad sense has so affected grammatical form that it is senseless to communicate to compartmentalize it.3. ( )Structurally, a word is the smallest unit because many words cannot be separated into even smaller meaningful units.4. ( )Theme and rheme belong to functional analysis of the sentence and subject and predicate belong to formal analysis of the sentence. Mathesius believes that they are not the same and should be strictly distinguished from each other.5. ( )According to Leech, conceptual meaning makes up the central part of meaning. It is connotative in that it is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it refers to. In this sense, conceptual meaning overlaps to a large extent with the notion of reference.三、简答题(5题,每题8分,共40分)1. What is the distinction between the endocentric compound and the exocentric compound?2. What is the difference between descriptive and prescriptive study?3. What is the functional sentence perspective?4. What is componential analysis?5. What are the Q-principle and the R-principle developed by L. Horn?四、论述题(2题,每题20分,共40分)1.What are the Q-, I-, and M-principles proposed by S. Levinson?2.What is the difference between traditional grammar and modern linguistics, transformational-generative grammar and systemic-functional linguistics?广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷(A)考试年度:2011年 考试科目代码及名称:603-普通语言学适用专业:050201-英语语言文学[友情提醒:请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题,答在本卷或草稿纸上无效!]一、名词解释(10题,每题3分,共30分)1. interlanguage2. blending3. assimilation4. concord5. connotation6. frequency effect7. validity8. the textual function9. direct thought10. proficient test二、判断题(5题,每题8分,共40分)1.( ) Systematic grammar is based on the assumption thatgrammatical categories should be defined not in terms ofmeaning but in terms of distribution, and that thestructure of each language should be described withoutreference to the alleged universality of such categories astense, mood and parts of speech.2.( ) Chomsky once thought that sentences like the activeand the passive, the declarative and the interrogative, antthe positive and the passive, are each derive from the samedeep structure. The difference between them simply comesfrom the operation of relevant transformations.3. ( ) Morphology studies the internal structure of words,and the rules by which words are formed.4. ( ) The conception of language input as a way topromote language acquisition is to some extent in line withthe so called constructivism a constructivist view oflanguage argues that language is socially constructed.5. ( )Immediate constituent analysis is a kind ofgrammatical analysis which divides a sentence to parts and then cut these parts into two and continue with this segmentation until we reach the smallest grammatical unit, the morphemes.三、简答题(5题,每题8分,共40分)1. What is the distinction between MT and human translation?2. What is the theory of communicative competence?3. What is the interpersonal function and how is it realized?4. What is the major features of schemata?5. Please choose the most appropriate maxim you believe to analyze the following dialogue briefly:A: Let’s get the kids something.B: Okey, but I veto I-C-E-C-R-E-A-M-S.四、论述题(2题,每题20分,共40分)1. What contribution did Saussure make to modern linguistics?2. What are the ‘linguistic relativity’and ‘linguistic determinism’? And what insight have the two assumptions brought to us?广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度:2012年 考试科目代码及名称:613-普通语言学适用专业:050201 英语语言文学[友情提醒:请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题,答在本卷或草稿纸上无效!]一、名词解释(10题,每题3分,共30分)1. arbitrariness2. syntax3. competence4. prescriptive5. semantic component6. acronym7. cohesion8. denotation9. phoneme 10. derivation二、判断题(5题,每题8分,共40分)1. ( ) Morpheme is the smallest unit of language in terms of the relationship between expression and content, a unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning.2. ( ) In speech act, the sense in which to say something can mean to do something concerns the consequential effects of a locution upon the hearer, which can be called a illocutionary act.3. ( ) Phonology is the study of the sound patterns and sound systems of languages. It aims to discover the principles that govern the way sounds are organized in languages, and to explain the variations that occur.4. ( ) Generative semantics was developed as a creation to Chomsky’s syntactic-based TG Grammar. This theory considers that all sentences are generated from a semantic structure. Linguists working within this theory hold that there is essential distinction between syntactic processes and semantic processes.5. ( ) Corpus is a collection of linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded speech.三、简答题(5题,每题8分,共40分)1. What is Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?2. What is contrastive analysis?3. What is the INPUT Hypothesis?4. Please choose the most appropriate maxim you believe to analyze the following dialogue briefly:A: Where is Liming?B: He’s gone to the library. He said so when he left.5. What is the definition of cognitive linguistics?四、论述题(2题,每题20分,共40分)1. What is the tradition and special features of systemic- functional linguistics?2. What are the special features of American Struralism?广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度:2013年 考试科目代码及名称:613-普通语言学适用专业:050201-英语语言文学[友情提醒:请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题,答在本卷或草稿纸上无效!]一、名词解释(10题,每题3分,共30分)1. macrolinguistics2. blending3. diphthong4. aspect5. reference6. cooperative principle7. Indo-European family8. taboo9. CALL 10. corpus linguistics二、判断题(5题,每题8分,共40分)1. ()Halliday’s linguistic potential is similar to the notions of parole and performance.2. ()Descriptive linguists are concerned with how language work, not with how they can be improved.3. ()The word “hour” contains a diphthong and a pure vowel.4. ()The concept “competence” originally refers to the grammatical knowledge of the ideal language user and has nothing to do with the actual use of language in concrete situation.5. ()All words contain a root morpheme.三、简答题(5题,每题8分,共40分)1. What are the major design features of language?2. What are the methods for the addition of new words in the English language?3. Exemplify the relationship between phone, phoneme and allophone.4. Distinguish the two possible meanings of “more beautiful flowers” by means of IC analysis.5. What is the difference between meaning, concept, connotation and denotation?四、论述题(2题,每题20分,共40分)1. How do you understand the saying that language is symbolic?2. In what way can corpus data contribute to lexical studies?广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度:2014年 考试科目代码及名称:613-普通语言学适用专业:050201 英语语言文学[友情提醒:请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题,答在本卷或草稿纸上无效!]一、名词解释(10题,每题3分,共30分)1. pragmatics2. diachronic linguistics3. allophones4. morpheme5. cohesion6. cognitive linguistics7. hyponymy 8. contrastive analysis9. American structuralism 10. Language Acquisition Device (LAD)二、判断题(5题,每题8分,共40分)1. The Cooperative Principle, an important pragmatic principle proposed by P. Grice, aims to explain how we mean more than we say.2. Phonetics studies the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.3. [m] is a “bilabial lateral”, [j] a “palatal approximant”, and [h] a “glottal fricative”.4. Relevance is a matter of degree. The larger effect produced, the greater the relevance; the smaller effort cost, the greater the relevance.5. Exocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head.三、简答题(5题,每题8分,共40分)1. What is the major difference between Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole and Chomsky’s distinction between competence and performance?2. Divide the following words into Roots, IA (inflectional affix) and/or DA (derivational affix). e.g. transformations: trans (DA)- form (Root) –ation (DA) -s (IA)1) unconscious 2) earthquakes 3) misled 4) geese3. Distinguish the two possible meanings of “more complicated examinations” by means of IC analysis.4. Draw a tree diagram according to PS rules to show the deep structure of the sentence: The kid broke a vase yesterday.5. Which of the Conversational Maxims is being violated in the following conversation?A: So you like icecream. What are your favourite flavours?B: Hamburger … fish and chips.四、论述题(2题,每题20分,共40分)1. What are the main differences between pragmatics and semantics?2. Explain the following remark with examples or make some comments:Each language articulates or organises the world differently. Languages do not simply name existing categories; they articulate their own.欢迎报考广东财经大学硕士研究生,祝你考试成功!(第 1 页共 1 页)广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度:2015年 考试科目代码及名称:613-普通语言学适用专业:050201 英语语言文学[友情提醒:请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题,答在本卷或草稿纸上无效!]一、名词解释(10题,每题3分,共30分)Duality Stress Morpheme Acronym CoordinationSynonymy Categorization Register Blending Phrase二、判断题(5题,每题8分,共40分)( T or F)1. Endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, which serves as a definable centre or head.2. Functional Grammar aims to explain the internal relations in language as a system network, or meaning potential. This network consists of subsystems from which language users make choices.3. Compound word refers to those words that consist of more than one lexical morpheme, or the way to join two separate words to produce a single new word, such as breakthrough, nonsmoker, self-control, dutyfree, booklet.4. From some book titles of linguistics such as (1) English Explained: Two Centuries of Comment on the Mother-Tongue, (2) Protean Shape: A Study in Eighteen-century Vocabulary and Usage, (3) Prejorative(Disapproval) Sense Development in English, we can judge their research methods: synchronic orientation is book (2) and book (3), and diachronic orientation book (1).5. A: Can you tell me where Mr. Smith’s office is? B: Yes, not here. In the above discourse, Speaker B is violated the Quantity Maxim of being as informative as is required.三、简答题(5题,每题8分,共40分)1. What is the cooperative principle proposed by H. Paul Grice?2. What are the features and merits of machine translation?3. What is communicative competence?4. What is Sapir-Whorf hypotheses?5. What does “cognition” mean?四、论述题(2题,每题20分,共40分)1. What is the essence of sociolinguistics? And what implication can we get from this discipline?2. What does Noam Chomsky mean by Language Acquisition Decice (LAD)? And What’s your comments on LAD?1。
2015年广东财经大学考研真题F517-英语综合能力测试-试卷
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度:2015年考试科目代码及名称:F517-英语综合能力测试适用专业:050201 英语语言文学[友情提醒:请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题,答在本卷或草稿纸上无效!](1)英译汉(共30分)请将以下英语语篇翻译为汉语:Time and the MachineOur awareness of time has reached such a pitch of intensity that we suffer acutely whenever our travels take us into some corner of the world where people are not interested in minutes and seconds. The unpunctuality of the Orient, for example, is appalling to those who come freshly from a land of fixed meal times and regular train services. For a modern American or Englishman, waiting is a psychological torture. An Indian accepts the blank hours with resignation, even with satisfaction. He has not lost the fine art of doing nothing. Our notion of time as a collection of minutes,each of which must be filled with some business or amusement,is wholly alien to the Oriental,just as it was wholly alien to the Greek. For the man who lives in a pre-industrial world, time moves at a slow and easy pace;he does not care about each minute,for the good reason that he has not been made conscious of the existence of minutes.(2)汉译英(共30分)请用得体的语气和措辞翻译以下求职信及其回信:求职信亲爱的先生:我现申请到贵公司担任任何负责职务。
语言学讲义 考研 3 Morphology
3.2.2 types Байду номын сангаасf morpheme
• distempered infamous
morpheme
Free morpheme
Bound morpheme
Lexical
functional
derivational
inflectional
• As a result of ___, the negative morpheme in imperfect and impossible is im-rather than in-. • Give the regular allomorphs of past tense in Engilish:_,_,_.
INVARIABLE WORDS refer to those words
such as "since", "when", "seldom", "through", "hello". They do not take inflective endings.
2)Grammatical words vs. lexical words GRAMMATICAL WORDS--FUNCTION WORD, FORM WORD, FUNCTOR →a word whose role is largely or wholly grammatical. LEXICAL WORD→word which carries the semantic content
Lexicon
In its most general sense, is synonymous with vocabulary ; In its technical sense here, lexicon deals with the analysis and creation of words, idioms and collocations.
2015年广东外语外贸大学外国语言学及应用语言学考研真题,考研重点,真题解析
06 语篇研究 陈建平 刘礼进
① 101 思想政治理论 ② 240 俄语 或 241 法语 或 242 德语 或 243 日语 或 244 西班牙语 ③ 623 英语水平考试 ④ 801 英语写作与翻译
① 946 综合考试(含专业笔试和专业口试) ③ 949 英美概况(同等学力加试) ④ 950 英美文学(同等学力加试)
① 946 综合考试(含专业笔试和专业口试) ③ 949 英美概况(同等学力加试) ④ 950 英美文学(同等学力加试)
3 年制
03 第二语言习得 王初明 郑超
谢元花
牛瑞英
① 101 思想政治理论 ② 240 俄语 或 241 法语 或 242 德语 或 243 日语 或 244 西班牙语 ③ 623 英语水平考试 ④ 801 英语写作与翻译
论述题在考研专业课中属于中等偏上难度的题目,考察对学科整体的把握和对知识点的灵活运用,进 而运用理论知识来解决现实的问题。但是,如果我们能够洞悉论述题的本质,其实回答起来还是非常简单 的。论述题,从本质上看,是考察队多个知识点的综合运用能力。因此,这就要求我们必须对课本的整体 框架和参考书的作者的写书的内部逻辑。这一点是我们育明考研专业课讲授的重点,特别是对于跨专业的 考生来说,要做到这一点,难度非常大。 2.育明考研答题攻略:论述题三步走答题法 是什么——》为什么——》怎么样 第一,论述题中重要的核心概念,要阐释清楚;论述题中重要的理论要点要罗列到位。这些是可以在书本 上直接找到的,是得分点,也是进一步分析的理论基点。 第二,要分析目前所存在问题出现的原因。这个部分,基本可以通过对课本中所涉及的问题进行总结而成。 第三,提出自己合理化的建议。 3.育明教育答题示范 例如:结合治理理论,谈谈我们政府改革。 第一,阐释“治理”的定义,然后分段阐释“治理理论的核心主张,包括理论主张和政策主张”。 第二,分析目前“政府改革”中存在的问题及其原因。 第三,结合治理理论的理论和政策主张,并结合相关的一些理论提出自己的改革措施。我们育明考研经过