语域理论新探_汪少华

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话语理论与话语分析方法

这场声势浩大的运动以英美分析哲学和欧陆语言哲学两条进路展开。
分析哲学与欧陆哲学
对于分析哲学来说，精确可靠的语言逻辑是科学认知的条件和工具。分析哲学在客体与语言、逻辑之间建立了根本关联，由此把对世界的认知建立在语言逻辑的基础之上，不可见的意识被转化为可见的语言结构，从而消解了形而上学。
欧陆哲学彻底与认识论作了决裂。语言从作为观念表达之媒介工具的地位中解放出来，不再只是符号表征，它与人类的生存世界在本体论上密切相关。人的认知不是主体对客体的关照，而是人的存在的一种方式。
理论溯源
泽里格·哈里斯Zellig Harris （1909,10,23~1992,5,22）是美国著名语言学家，数理句法学家。 “话语分析”一词最早于1952年由他提出。哈里斯的学术贡献体现在他把“分布关系的逻辑”作为结构语言学的基本方法，建立了一整套描写语言的严格的技术，对美国描写语言学作出了重大的贡献，其中1951年的出版的《结构语言学的方法》被认为标志着一个新的时期的诞生。
概念辨析
如何定义“分析”和“话语分析”？
“分析”这一概念始于亚里士多德。它用来指称从一个前提推论至结论的过程，这个过程也正是“逻辑”概念的本质含义。“分析”与“逻辑”本质关联。亚里士多德对语言表达的逻辑分析成为传统哲学理解语言的起点，即语言的逻辑形式是为对象服务的，它是再现事物本质和表达思想的工具。
话语分析：
话语分析主要研究超句现象，这里的“句”在书面语中可以是clause（小句）也可以是sentence（句子，以句号作为标记）。话语分析最典型的研究对象是超出单句长度的语段，由前后相连的句子构成的段落，如果在语言交际中表现为一个相对独立的功能单位，便称之为“篇章（text）”。 Johnstone对话语分析中的“分析”也有一番议论，她认为 “话语分析”之所以不叫“话语学”，关键就在“分析”二字。话语分析是用来回答各种问题的方法。分析的过程即是把话语用不同的方法分解开，然后从多种角度进行研究，回答语言在使用中的结构和功能等问题。因此，话语分析只能是一种方法。

委婉语中概念隐喻和概念转喻机制的认知分析--以经济报道中的委婉语为例

委婉语中概念隐喻和概念转喻机制的认知分析--以经济报道中的委婉语为例孙雪羽;汪少华【期刊名称】《江苏广播电视大学学报》【年(卷),期】2015(000)003【摘要】认知语言学的概念隐喻理论和概念转喻理论可用于解析委婉语的认知机制。

结合该二者理论分析有关经济报道中表述经济危机的委婉语，从源域到目标域的概念化映射总结出三种委婉表达经济危机的概念隐喻类别；剖析有关经济危机的两个例句中事物之间的替代关系论证概念转喻也是构成委婉语认知机制的基础；探讨经济危机与空间概念“向下”之间的关联说明了委婉语的认知机制还可以通过概念隐喻与概念转喻的交织得以实现。

%Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Conceptual Metonymy Theory of cognitive linguistics can be used to analyze the cog-nitive mechanism in euphemism.Through the theoretical analysis of the two theories on the euphemistic expressions in economic reports, and the conceptual mappings from source domain to target domain, three types of conceptual metaphors of euphemisms a-bout economic crisis are summarized.The analysis of the substitution relation between subjects in two examples about economic crisis verified that conceptual metonymy is also the foundation of cognitive mechanism of euphemism.The exploration of the corre-lation between the economic crisis and the spatial concept of"down"shows that the cognitivemechanism of euphemism can also be realized through the interaction of conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy.【总页数】6页(P59-64)【作者】孙雪羽;汪少华【作者单位】江苏开放大学国际教育学院;南京师范大学外国语学院【正文语种】中文【中图分类】H315.9【相关文献】1.委婉语中概念隐喻和概念转喻机制的认知分析——以经济报道中的委婉语为例[J], 孙雪羽;汪少华;2.委婉语中的隐喻机制认知研究 [J], 马红芳3.委婉语的概念隐喻机制分析——以与金融危机有关的委婉语为例 [J], 孙雪羽4.关于"生"的汉英委婉语文化透视——以《红楼梦》汉英版本中的委婉语为例 [J], 孙桂平;陈天5.委婉语在线理解中的概念整合——以篇章委婉语为例 [J], 谌莉文因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

语域理论研究

编号
篇名
期刊名
年份
1
英语的语域及其在文学外语教学与研 1983
作品中的运用
究
作者
郭著章;
2
语言变异与形象塑造— 四川外语学院 1999
—谈《老人与海》中的学报
词汇变异和语域变异
3
语域理论与诗歌的语义外语与外语教 2002
和语用分析
学
赵翠莲; 潘志高 ;
唐述宗;
4
概念主位的经验内容与外语教学
微型语域语篇体裁——
从《老人与海》小说所
想到的
2003
李国庆;
教学：8篇
编号
篇名
期刊名
年份
1 语境和语域的研究及其对英解放军外国语学 1985
语教学的意义(上)
院学报
2 语境和语域的研究及其对英解放军外国语学 1985
语教学的意义(下)
院学报
3 翻译教学中注重语域和语体国外外语教学 1985
4 语域变异理论与外语教学
EST：2篇编号篇名Fra bibliotek期刊名
年份
作者
1
科技英语的外国语
语域特征
1992
2 语旨对科技语外语教学 2001 篇语域特征的影响
李努尔赵宏涛
EBE：4篇
编号
篇名
期刊名年份
1
广告语域的语旨三要外国语
素及其在广告语篇中
的实现
1996
2
对话、殷勤之意与语现代外语
2004
篇声音——关于旅游
广告语域中人际习语
• 英籍波兰人类学家马林诺夫斯基(Malinowski)在20世纪30年代提出了两个重要的概念：“情景语境”（context of situation ）和文化语境(context of culture)；

谚语在外语教学中的应用研究

谚语在外语教学中的应用研究◆邓仁毅李敏（西北农林科技大学）【摘要】通过对国内外有关谚语的语言、语用、以及翻译和外语教学之间的研究进行梳理，发现谚语在外语教学中尚未被挖掘的语言文化等多方面潜力，提出应当在外语教学的大纲设计，教材编写和课堂教学中重视谚语的作用。

【关键词】谚语外语教学文化谚语，是人们交流人生经验以及更为广阔的世界中的知识和智慧的有效工具。

作为特殊的语言形式在语言教学，特别是外语教学中，谚语除了能激发学习者的学习兴趣之外，还能在加强学习者语言能力的同时，拓展学习者的视野，增进学习者对目的语国家或民族文化的了解，提高跨文化交际的水平等。

一、国外关于谚语在外语教学中应用的研究就谚语这一特殊的语言形式，早在上世纪５０年代末就有两位语言学家富尔里奇和雷蒙德就对其与语言教学的关系进行了研究，并持有不同的观点。

美国学者富尔里奇认为，语言的存在是与运用这种语言的国家和时期相关的，每一种语言的演变都与其所在国家或民族的变化紧密相关。

故此，外语教师应当努力的了解国外文明，包括其历史，哲学，经济生活，音乐，艺术，地理，教育等方面的知识。

此外，他还认为，学习谚语的价值不如牢记该国山川河流的名字具有文化价值；谚语本身有自相矛盾的地方，并不值得下功夫研究。

事实上，国与国之间的谚语具有相似性也是它不值得被学习的原因；并且，在谚语中的一些老式、陈腐的词和结构可能会给初学者带来困扰。

这样的观点并不为笔者所认可。

针对富尔里奇的观点，雷蒙德提出了反对意见。

他认为，谚语在语言学习中是非常值得推崇的学习材料。

首先，学习谚语与记忆地理名词的目的还是大有区别的。

由于谚语反应了一个集体或社会的观点态度，无论是从心理还是哲学的角度，学习谚语都是具有不可比拟的兴趣性。

其次，谚语的资源是很广泛的，并不只包括陈词滥调，其韵律性、节奏性、形象性、包含的智慧、反应的思维模式以及丰富的内涵意义都可以从很大程度上吸引学生。

俄罗斯学者古鲁伯瓦通过对谚语在非专业语言类学生英语课堂中的应用进行研究，揭示了谚语可以从心理效应方面给学生一种个体折衷的模型，并认为可以将谚语运用到互动式英语课堂之中。

旅游文本英译赏析

- 246-校园英语 / 翻译研究旅游文本英译赏析华北理工大学/郑璇【摘要】21世纪以来，越来越多的国外游客来到中国参观游览，旅游景点介绍的英译显得尤为重要。

本文旨在语域理论指导下，通过对文本功能的分析，实现文本概念功能，人际功能，语篇功能对等，吸引更多游客来华参观。

【关键词】旅游翻译功能对等系统功能语言学一、引言旅游翻译是一个老生常谈的话题，正是因为很多学者都探讨过此类问题，才能彰显其重要性。

在市场经济时代，成功的旅游翻译效带来巨大的经济效益，吸引来自世界各地的游客参观游览。

在翻译的过程中，如果只是简单的意义传递，可能会使旅游文本的功能效应和社会效应有所损益，因此本文旨在运用系统功能语言学语域相关理论指导旅游翻译，以期实现旅游文本功能对等。

二、旅游文本简介1.旅游文本的特点。

旅游文本包括旅游指南、旅游行程、旅游委托书、旅游意向书、旅游合同、旅游广告、旅游宣传标语、演出节目单、菜单、宾馆指示牌、各类通知、路标、地名等等。

因此所涉及的词汇量大、知识面宽、文化面广、措辞讲究、风格人性、具有可读性和亲和力，以及功能多样化。

2.英汉旅游文本对比。

一般而言，英语旅游文体大多风格简约，结构严谨而不复杂，行文用字简洁明了，“表达直观通俗，注重信息的准确性和语言的实用性，最忌啰嗦堆砌”，多数情况下，景物描写往往用客观的具象罗列来传达实实在在的景物之美，为求忠实再现自然，让读者有一个明确具体的印象。

而汉语讲究音韵和谐、形式对称，用词空泛含蓄，具有强烈的主观色彩。

汉语旅游文本常大量使用修饰语形容词、华丽之词。

根据汉语的审美习惯，多用修辞语可以加强气势，突出强调某种思想感情或增强节奏感，这些修饰语的使用在汉语文化中能够取得好的信息效果和实际效果。

三、旅游翻译实例1.语场与旅游翻译。

“语场”指的是实际发生的事，或者说是指语言发生的环境，包括谈话的话题。

在旅游翻译中，应首先考虑旅游文本的语场。

“在旅游文本翻译中，语场的错位主要表现在译者对源语信息的取舍策略的不合适性”。

语域理论概述

语域理论概述1964年，依据韩礼德的界定，语域指的是“语言的功能变体”( functional variety of language )，而功能变体是因情景语境的变化而产生的语言变化形式。

韩礼德作为系统功能语言学的代表人物，把语域看作一种意义潜势，这种潜势由具体的情景语境决定。

不同语篇中语域有着不同的语言意义。

语言意义决定语言形式，语言形式体现语言意义。

由于语境决定语域，我们可以根据所处的语言环境来预测语篇，即预测什么样的意义有可能在这一语境中交换。

因此，韩礼德说：“语域这个概念是预测的一种形式。

如果我们知道语境，知道语言运用的社会环境，我们就可以预测出大部分所用的语言，而且这种预测很可能是正确的。

”即我们可以根据语境预测语篇意义进而预测语篇结构甚至词汇语法等；反之，我们也可以根据语篇来预测语境，即根据语篇的某些特征来预测出所交换的意义和产生这一语篇的语境，从而实现从语境到语篇，从语篇到语境的双向预测。

而这一双向预测功能正是通过分析语域来实现。

韩礼德一直把语域看作一个意义概念，是由话语范围，话语基调和话语方式来支配的。

1976年，格里高利( Gregory )的语境理论，说明情景语境指的是语言的直接环境，主要包括三个语境因素：话语范围( field of discourse )，话语基调( tenorof discourse )和话语方式( mode of discourse )。

1978年，韩礼德改变了原来的语域概念，把语域看作是“通常和某一情景类型( situation type )相联系的意义结构。

”即一种“意义潜势”，语言的意义系统。

韩礼德认为语言首先是一种社会行为，或称作“行为潜势( behavioral potential )”。

即一整套在行为上讲话者可选择的系统。

文化语境决定这一整套可选择系统环境，而情景语境则是对这一系统所作的某一具体选择的环境。

行为潜势既包括语言行为，也包括非语言行为，当行为潜势和句子，单词联系起来就变成了“语言潜势 ( linguistic potential )”，即整个语言系统。

认知语言学发展的演变规律和研究动态

认知语言学发展的演变规律和研究动态
荣正浩;汪少华
【期刊名称】《外语研究》
【年(卷),期】2024(41)2
【摘要】本文旨在探究认知语言学发展的演变规律、最新动态和发展趋势。

近50年来,认知语言学不断向纵深发展,并与其他学科交叉互动,历久弥新。

其嬗变呈现以下五个特征:研究内容不断扩增,从理论创建走向理论修补和完善;研究方法不断完善,从内省的认知机制探索到实证的神经机制验证;研究视角不断更新,从语言与认知研究走向语言与认知、社会和语用互动的多视角研究;研究对象不断多元,从单一认知语言学科走向认知语言学与其他学科的交叉;研究维度不断丰富,从理论引介与英语研究走向理论应用与本土化研究及其汉语研究。

认知语言学理论本体推陈出新,并且不断向邻近学科辐射,呈现理论本体进一步“再语境化”、学科整合及本土化研究加强的发展态势和多维发展、适用面广的研究前景。

【总页数】10页(P22-30)
【作者】荣正浩;汪少华
【作者单位】南京师范大学外国语学院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H030
【相关文献】
1.国际认知语言学研究的新发展——2011年11届世界认知语言学大会综述
2.认知语言学与历史词汇学研究的融合创新——《认知语言学与词汇演变》述评
3.从认知语言学看名词临时作量词的语义演变规律
4.认知语言学研究的最新动态——《认知语言学综观》评介
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

语言意识活动与交际能力的培养

山东外语教学2002年第3期(总第88期)语言意识活动与交际能力的培养崔义平1　汪少华2(1.安徽省淮北煤炭师范学院,安徽淮北235000;2.复旦大学外文系,上海200433)作者简介:崔义平(1967-),男,安徽庐江人,讲师。

研究方向:语言学和应用语言学研究。

汪少华(1968-),男,安徽宿松人,博士生,副教授。

研究方向:认知语言学、功能语言学以及外语教学。

收稿时间:2002204216摘要:语言意识活动是指对语言知识的感悟与运用。

它可以作为培养学生交际能力的一种有效途径。

本文运用定量的方法,调查了60名大学生的语言意识水平和他们对语言意识活动在交际能力的培养过程中所起作用的看法,并就语言意识活动与交际能力的培养之间的相关性进行了探讨。

关键词:语言意识;交际能力中图分类号:H319 文献标识码:A 文章编号:100222643(2002)03200782041.引言国外语言学研究与语言教学理论的发展为我国的外语教学不断注入新的活力。

国外语言学研究如话语分析、认知语言学为人们提供了更多的理论指导与启迪。

近十年来,外语教学理论主要侧重研究学习主体的特点、学习策略,开始了“从教到学”的转变。

这些都使人们对外语教学有了新的认识。

人们纷纷重新审视各种教学理论与方法。

有的对交际法提出了一些批评;有的则体现了回归传统教学法的思想;有的干脆提倡“折中法”。

虽然众说纷纭,但是在人们交往日渐频繁、交际的重要性越来越明显的情况下,交际能力的培养仍然是学生外语学习的主要目标和外语教学的根本宗旨。

何为交际能力?“交际能力”发端于美国社会语言学家Hymes 于1971年提出的“交际能力”这一概念,其中包括可能性、可行性、得体性和现实性四个变量。

后来Canale 与S wain 又进一步把交际能力概括为语法能力,社会语言能力、语篇能力和策略能力(Canale &S wain ,1980)。

90年代Bachman 又提出交际语言能力模式,其中包括语言能力、策略能力和心理生理机制(Bachman ,1990)。

语域理论视域下《干校六记》两个英译本对比分析

摘要《干校六记》是由中国著名散文家、剧作家和翻译家杨绛所写的一部以文化大革命为背景的回忆性散文集。

这本书主要记述了杨绛及其丈夫钱钟书去干校接受劳动改造时的所见所闻，所感所悟，给人们了解文化大革命这一历史以及在这一历史阶段下知识分子的生活状况和精神世界提供了一份真实有效的参考资料。

无论是其艺术表现，还是其忠实于“文化大革命”这段历史的内容，都有很大的研究价值。

《干校六记》一经发表，陆续被翻译成日语、英语和法语版本，在文学界引起广泛关注。

其中英语版本有三个。

基于译者的不同国籍、语言和文化背景，本文选取葛浩文和章楚的英译本来进行对比研究。

两位译者都有着丰富的翻译经验。

前者是专门研究汉语文化且多年来一直致力于中国文学英译的翻译家，后者是多年从事联合国公文翻译的中国译员。

两译者对原文风格的理解与诠释不甚相同。

两个英译本体现了《干校六记》中描写的这段文革历史是如何在译者的笔下向西方传播的。

本研究将在语域理论的指导下进行。

语域理论是系统功能语言学的基础理论之一。

语域指的是由语场、语旨和语式三个情景语境变量决定的语言变异。

情景语境三要素则分别体现为语言语义层的经验功能、人际功能和语篇功能。

相应地，这些功能又分别体现为词汇语法层的及物性、语气和主位等系统和结构。

本文在语域理论的框架下对《干校六记》的葛浩文译本和章楚译本进行对比分析，目的并非是比较两个译本的优劣，而是探讨从语域视角看，两个译本各有何特点，哪一个译本更大程度的实现了与原文的语域对等。

通过定性和定量相结合的研究方法对原文和两个英译本的概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能的分析发现，葛浩文译本在语域的三个情景变量——语场、语旨、语式的表达上都更加贴近原文。

而章楚译本也在一定程度上与原文语域相符，但相比之下，葛浩文译本略胜一筹。

关键词：语域理论，话语范围，话语方式，话语基调，三大元功能CONTENTS原创性声明 (ii)DECLARATION (iii)ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (iv)ABSTRACT (v)摘要 (vii)CONTENTS (viii)Chapter One INTRODUCTION (1)1.1Research Background (1)1.2Research Objective (3)1.3Research Methodology (3)1.4Research Significance (4)1.5The Layout of the Thesis (4)Chapter Two LITERATURE REVIEW (6)2.1Previous Studies on Translation Based on Register Theory (6)2.1.1Previous studies on translation based on register theory abroad (6)2.1.2Previous studies on translation based on register theory at home (7)2.2Previous Studies on Gan Xiao Liu Ji and Its English Versions (10)2.2.1Previous studies on Gan Xiao Liu Ji and its English versions abroad (10)2.2.2Previous studies on Gan Xiao Liu Ji and its English versions at home (10)Chapter Three THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK (13)3.1Brief Introduction to Register Theory (13)3.2The Relations between Meta-functions of Language and Register Parameters.143.2.1Field and experiential function (14)3.2.2Tenor and interpersonal function (16)3.2.3Mode and textual function (18)Chapter Four A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE TWO ENGLISH VERSIONS OF GAN XIAO LIU JI FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF REGISTER THEORY..214.1The Analysis of Field (21)4.1.1Lexical choice (22)4.1.2Transitivity analysis of the source text and the target texts (28)4.2The Analysis of Tenor (39)4.2.1Mood system (40)4.2.2Modality system (46)4.3The Analysis of Mode (55)4.3.1Thematic and information structure (55)4.3.2Cohesion system (64)Chapter Five CONCLUSION (72)5.1Major Findings (72)5.2Limitations (77)REFERENCES (78)Chapter OneINTRODUCTION1.1Research BackgroundGan Xiao Liu Ji is written by Yang Jiang who is an outstanding writer, playwright and translator in China,after her return from the cadre school to Beijing. Gan Xiao Liu Ji is composed of six chapters which records that Yang Jiang and her husband Qian Zhongshu were forced to devolve to the cadre school from November 1969to March1972.In the Cultural Revolution,the cadre school(that is,the“May7”cadre school)is nominally a cadre school with labor and study as its main task,but in fact,it is a reform-through-labor farm that punishes revolutionary cadres and persecutes intellectuals.This event itself belongs to the absurd life in turbulent times, which contains the destruction and torture of cadres and intellectuals from the body to the spirit by far-left politics.However,the work does not straightforwardly describe the main content of life in the cadre school——to carry out endless political movements and struggles but takes the initiative to get away from political events, describing the trifles of life,comradeship and spousal love.Gan Xiao Liu Ji was serialized in China-Hong Kong Wide Angle magazine in1981,a single edition was published by SDX Joint Publishing Company in July of the same year.Soon after the publication of Gan Xiao Liu Ji,it was translated into Japanese by Japanese sinologist Nakajima,published by installments in Water Yan magazine in Japan in1982,and published in separate booklets.The three English versions were respectively translated by American sinologist Howard Goldblatt,Chinese scholar Djang Chu who was living in the United States and Australian scholar Geremie Barme.And the two French versions were published in Paris.In The History of Contemporary Chinese Literature,Hong Zicheng made comments on Gan Xiao Liu Ji,“Yang Jiang’s words are simple and implicit.Her tone is gentle.And She keeps a moderate distance to historical events and makes a calm examination of them.She focuses on the episodes of the events of the great age.In the account of her own experiences and feelings,shecan also see the times.”Gan Xiao Liu Ji is regarded as one of the most remarkable proses which describe the Cultural Revolution artistically.Based on the translators’different nationalities and linguistic backgrounds,this thesis makes a comparative study of two English versions of Howard Goldblatt and Djang Chu.Both Howard Goldblatt and Djang Chu have rich experience in translation.While the former is a translator of Chinese literature with high status in the world,the latter is a Chinese translator who has been working in the United Nations for many years.Howard Goldblatt’s English version was evaluated as“the most prominent English translation of Chinese literature in the20th century”by the Times Literary Supplement.The two translators Howard Goldblatt and Djang Chu represent the East and the West cultures.There are many differences in their educational backgrounds,views and values,their translation motivations and translation strategies so that the styles of their English versions of Gan Xiao Liu Ji are distinct.But each has its own virtues.It should be more appropriate to use these two English versions of Gan Xiao Liu Ji to examine the translation events from the perspective of the register theory.Register theory originates from Malinowski’s thought of ter,Halliday, the founder of Systemic Functional Linguistics,put forward his thoughts of context and register,and incorporated register analysis into the theoretical system of the Systemic Functional Linguistics.Register refers to language variation determined by three situational context variables:field of discourse,tenor of discourse and mode of discourse,which are respectively called field,tenor and mode for short.Field refers to what happens in the world,including the topic,participant,time,place,etc.Tenor refers to the relationship between participants,including the status and role of participants.Mode refers to the role of language in communication,including communication channels(spoken/written),media,rhetorical way,etc.For the Systemic Functional Linguistics,the change of any situational factor will give rise to different language variation and different types of register.The differences between registers determine the grammatical and lexical selection.The three elements of situational context are respectively associated with three strands of meanings,or “discourse semantics”,in the text.These three strands are known as“metafunctions”,which are the experiential function,the interpersonal function and the textual function. Specifically,the discourse of field,the discourse of tenor and the discourse of mode respectively stimulate the experiential meaning,the interpersonal meaning and the textual meaning in the semantic system.In other words,the discourse of field,the discourse of tenor and the discourse of mode are realized by the experiential function, the interpersonal function and the textual function of language in the discourse, respectively.Correspondingly,these three functions are embodied in the system and structure of the lexico-grammatical level,such as transitivity,mood and thematic structures(Halliday,1985,1994).1.2Research ObjectiveThe purpose of this thesis is not to find out the pros and cons of the two English versions,but to explore the characteristics of the two versions from the perspective of register and which version achieves register equivalence to a greater extent. Meanwhile,this thesis discusses the contents and methods of register analysis, specifically,from the perspective of the Systemic Functional Linguistics,which discusses the method of register analysis of the English translation of Gan Xiao Liu Ji, as well as the direction and standard of evaluation of the translation.1.3Research MethodologyThe analytical method used in this study is a combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis.First of all,the lexico-grammatical analysis of the source text and the two target texts is carried out,that is,the functional grammatical analysis is carried out in the unit of clauses at the semantic layer.Through the analysis of the transitivity system,mood system and modality system,theme system and information system of the source text and the target texts,it will be clear that what forms of expression are chosen and what meanings are expressed in the three texts,that is, experiential meaning,interpersonal meaning and textual meaning.And then to compare the meanings conveyed by the three texts can reveal whether the two target texts are“equivalent”or“deviated”from the source text.Then based on the analysis of experiential meaning,interpersonal meaning and textual meaning of the source text and the two translated texts,the thesis will analyze the situational context of the three texts,that is,field of discourse,tenor of discourse and mode of discourse.In other words,the content,the participants and their relationships which are expressed in the text outside the language,and the linguistic medium,channel,rhetorical devices in which the original author chooses to express social meaning in the communication are analyzed.Finally,according to the analysis of the register of the source text and the two target texts,and the final judgment is made on whether the register of the two translated texts are equivalent to that of the source text or not.1.4Research SignificanceIn this study,the Systemic Functional Linguistics is used to study translation practice.The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the English versions of Howard Goldblatt and Djang Chu from the perspective of the register theory,and to obtain the register analysis methods of translation studies including Gan Xiao Liu Ji, and to evaluate the criteria and principles of the translation.In practice,this thesis has reference significance for translation practice,discourse analyses and translation studies related to Gan Xiao Liu Ji.In general,the register theory links the context and the various levels of the language system,which is conducive to comprehensively interpreting the circular process between the context and the language in the process of translation.Register theory provides a theoretical platform for comparison between the source text and the source context,the target text and the target context of Gan Xiao Liu Ji.1.5The Layout of the ThesisAccording to the nature and content of the study,this thesis is divided into five parts.Chapter one is a brief introduction to the background,object,significance and framework of the study.Chapter two is a literature review,summarizing the previous studies on theregister theory,translation practice based on the register theory,as well as the source text and two English versions of Gan Xiao Liu Ji.Chapter three is the theoretical framework on which this research relies,that is, the description of the register theory.Chapter four is of great significance in the thesis,which is the author’s comparative analysis of the two English versions of the Gan Xiao Liu Ji using the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis under the register theory.Chapter five is the conclusion made from the above analysis and the limitations of this study.Chapter TwoLITERATURE REVIEW2.1Previous Studies on Translation Based on Register TheoryThis part focuses on the studies at home and abroad of register theory and the combination of register theory and translation practice.2.1.1Previous studies on translation based on register theory abroadThere are many scholars studying translation from the perspective of register analysis abroad.Catford(1965)tried to establish a new theory of translation by analyzing the discourse involved in translation based on Halliday’s theory of Scale and Category Grammar.He also discussed the language variants in translation and introduced dialect,register,language type and way of language,and then put forward the concept of translation shift and classified the shift in translation.Ure(1971) initially defined the concept of the register from the perspective of lexical grammar, trying to distinguish the categories of register according to lexical categories.As far as Gregory(1988)concerned,in the translation studies,the research of the translatability can not leave the register equivalence alone.From the perspective of language use, Bell(1991)analyzed the three elements of the discourse:field,tenor and mode.He believes that social factors are closely related to the discourse,and the translator should analyze the original text based on the three parameters——field,tenor and mode before translating.As a translation theorist,Mona Baker(1992)investigated discourse analysis from a functional perspective.In her exploration of translation,she put emphasis mainly on the textual function of texts.Hatim and Mason(1990,1997) paid special attention to the meaning of context analysis.They studied the context from three aspects:communicative process,pragmatic behavior and symbolic communication.Among them,communicative process refers to the content of discourse theme,participants and their relationship,means of discourse and so on, which is actually the content of Halliday’s register analysis.House(1997,1981)putforward a systematic model of translation quality assessment based on register analysis.Steiner(1997)began to study translation from the perspective of the register in1997.Based on register analysis,Steiner(1998)explored the methods of analysis and evaluation of translation and put forward some new interpretations of some translation problems.Munday(2001)introduced and analyzed the main translation theories up to the end of the20th century.Among them,he analyzed and commented on the translation studies of House,Baker,Hatim and Mason whose studies were based on Halliday’s discourse analysis and register analysis.Matthiessen(2001) studied the translation in context,arguing that context is the greatest environment for translation and the value of the translation can be determined by using the field,the tenor and the mode.However,they only analyze the situational variables involved in the source text and lack systematic analysis of the target text.In recent years,the rise of Corpus Linguistics has provided a new tool for translation studies based on register theory. For example,Kruger(2012)focused on the register of the translated texts and found that there was relatively few register variation in the target text compared with the source text.Kreinkühle(2014)explored register shifts in scientific and technical translation.Neumann(2014)discussed the analysis of cross-linguistic register in translation studies at the theoretical and methodological level.These studies have achieved good results to a certain extent which provide a reference basis and direction for register research and make a certain contribution to the development of register theory.As for the related research of combining register theory and translation practice,it has gradually increased in recent years.However, more systematic methods that are used to analyse translation from the perspective of register theory need to be further improved,and the operational level of elaboration and examples need to be explored.2.1.2Previous studies on translation based on register theory at homeThe introduction of register theory into China was first done by Zhang Delu.He (1987)explained the status of this theory in the systemic functional grammar,thecharacteristics and functions of register.Guo(1989)also discussed the register theory in terms of the lexical level of language and language style.He introduced this theory into the Chinese to English translation and developed the application of this theory. Hu(2005)conducted the study on the equivalence of register in translation study.The equivalence in both the source and target text can be realized in both the form and content.Wu(2002)proposed how to grasp the register at the same time of “agreement”,and then achieve“fitness”in translation.Specifically,the target text is not only faithful to the content of the source text,but also faithful to the style of the source text.Tang(2002)elaborated on a combination of traditional stylistics with modern approaches to the analysis of language varieties and registers at various levels of comprehension of translation.Wang and Chai(2009)intended to integrate the concept of“register”in the Systemic Functional Linguistics into“transformation”, and put forward the concept of“register transformation”to expand the connotation of “transformation”at the level of pure language and connect the study of culture, context and text in the analysis of corresponding texts.Wang(2009)put forward the concepts of semantic drift and intertextual interference and analyzed the semantic drift and intertextual interference of polysemy.By comparing the Olympic slogan of China,the slogan of Asian Games in China and the slogan of Asian Games in Korea, Wang discussed how to evaluate the risk of translation choices in the context of semantic evolution to avoid possible negative intertextuality.Cao(2007)believes that in the process of translation,the translator’s grasp of the register of the original text helps the translator to understand the stylistic characteristics of the original text,so it is necessary to rebuild the register of the translated text corresponding to that of the original text.Then he(2016)chose specific examples in the translation of children’s literature to analyze and explore how the translator reproduces the register of the original text and what the suppositional social role of the translator acts in the context of the target text.While agreeing with Halliday’s thought of register,Gao(2013) found that register not only has the characteristics of situational context,but also has the characteristics of language.He(2014)applied the register analysis to the translation study and put forward the three-level model of register analysis oftranslation study.Then he(2015)proposed that the register has two sides,which provides the basis for the new concept of register reconstruction.Chen(Chen,Wang, &Zhang,2014)combined with the specific examples of Yang Xianyi’s and Hawkes’translation of Hong Lou Meng,exploring the correspondence of the register(field, register,tenor)of address translation in literary works,to ensure that the target text is faithful not only to the conceptual meaning of the original address,but also to the typological meaning of the potential structure of the text determined by the functional domain,in order to achieve its communicative and rhetorical functions.Liu(2016) compared the register space of English and Chinese with a qualitative method, concluding that the register level of Chinese is narrower than that of English.The root of the narrowing of register level in Chinese probably has a close relationship with the May4th Movement.From the perspective of register theory,Jing(Jing,&Duan,2017) discussed the equivalence of culture-loaded words in translation shift.Huang(Huang, &Sun,2017)conducted the research on the causes and methods of the register transformation in textual translation based on the register theory.And they put forward the strategy and type of three-step register transformation.Also,in recent years,many graduate students have written master’s degree theses in register and translation.These studies analyze different texts from the perspective of the register which have certain value and significance and provide different degrees of reference for further research.However,these studies are still in the introductory stage or primary stage in terms of research methods and perspectives.Most of these studies analyze different corpus based on the concept of three variables of situational context in the Systemic Functional Linguistics.The combination of register theory and analysis is not very close,that is,some analyses of translation are not built on lexical grammar which embodies the three language meta-functions,but on personal subjective impressions so that most of the analyses are interpreted at the linguistic level of words, sentences and so on.Some research is not deep and specific enough.2.2Previous Studies on Gan Xiao Liu Ji and Its English VersionsThis part combs the research thread of the source text and the two target texts of Gan Xiao Liu Ji at home and abroad.2.2.1Previous studies on Gan Xiao Liu Ji and its English versions abroadHowever,according to the literature the author holds,few scholars are studying the translating characteristics of the English versions of the Gan Xiao Liu Ji,let alone studying that from the perspective of the register.The story itself is more welcome abroad.2.2.2Previous studies on Gan Xiao Liu Ji and its English versions at homeGan Xiao Liu Ji is an outstanding work in the setting of the Cultural Revolution. It describes what the author Yang Jiang and her husband Qian Zhongshu saw,felt and realized in the special period of the Cultural Revolution,which not only shows people their difficult experiences,but also directly provides people with real and valuable materials for understanding this history.Yang Jiang has always enjoyed a high reputation in the Chinese literary world,and her literary attainments are quite high. The style of her article is unique,especially prose.Therefore,most of the domestic studies on Gan Xiao Liu Ji focus on its plain and simple writing style and its historical or cultural significance.Zhang(1994)believes that Yang Jiang’s placid narration is to convey her inner feelings and depict her painful soul with moderation.Her self-soothing and self-deprecating words express the irony of this historical event.Li (2009)combed the process of publishing Gan Xiao Liu Ji and its increasing popularity in the literary circles at home and abroad and praised Yang Jiang’s plain and simple writing style and her pure and unfiltered aesthetic realm.Wu(1991) considers that it is narrow to put Gan Xiao Liu Ji into the type of“optimism”prose because there is the protest in calmness and sympathy.Thus,the author called it “indefinite-form prose”.Wei(2012)interpreted Gan Xiao Liu Ji from Yang Jiang’s female perspective and intellectual standpoint.Under the method of10“society-literature,”Zhu(2019)tried to utilize the theory of cultural memory to show how the memory of intellectuals was edited by the literature of that period in the Gan Xiao Liu Ji.These studies are based on Yang Jiang’s writing style and the deep implication conveyed in her writing,which slightly involves in the language level,but not in-depth.Since the publication of Gan Xiao Liu Ji,it has aroused widespread concern in Chinese academic circles.However,there is not much research on the English translation of the book.Chen(2010)explored the translation strategies adopted in the three English versions to reflect the salient meaning of reduplicative words and the translation model embodied by these translation strategies.Zhang(2010)pointed out that interpretation on the part of the translators could work out well only when it complied with the intention of the source texts and the authors by quoting examples of amplification from the two English versions(respectively translated by Goldblatt and Djang Chu)of Yang Jiang’s Gan Xiao Liu Ji.Deng(2011)tried to analyze the two English versions respectively translated by Djang Chu and Geremie Barme from three aspects:the translator’s interpretation of the source text,the translator’s translation strategy and translation style,in order to explain the embodiment of the translator’s subjectivity in the target text.Xu(2016)studied the translation process of Goldblatt’s English versions of Gan Xiao Liu Ji based on83letters between Goldblatt and editors, publishers,authors,scholars and readers in the period of translating Gan Xiao Liu Ji, which were collected by the Archives of Chinese Literature Translation at the University of Oklahoma.Besides,this topic has aroused many graduate students’attention in recent years. On the basis of the German scholar Albrecht Neubert’s viewpoint on the theory of translation competence,Wu(2017)made a comparative study of two English versions of Gan Xiao Liu Ji which were respectively translated by Howard Goldblatt and Djang Chu from aesthetic,thematic,linguistic,cultural,textual and transformational aspects combined with the characteristics of the source text.Based on the theory of adaptation,Wang(2018)discussed the adaptation made in the process of translating Gan Xiao Liu Ji by Howard Goldblatt,the corresponding translation methods and thefactors that affect the author’s choice of adaptation from four aspects:contextual relationship,structural object,the dynamics of adaptation and the degree of consciousness in the process of adaptation.Han(2018),from the perspective of social semiotics,studied the difficulties encountered in the process of the translation of the language meaning,and the compensation strategy adopted by Howard Goldblatt to minimize the loss of meaning in the translation process.There are not many pieces of research on the English versions of the Gan Xiao Liu Ji in China.Moreover,the above researches on the translation phenomena in the translated texts of the Gan Xiao Liu Ji is not thorough and comprehensive,and there are few examples revealing the characteristics of the translated texts.However,the above researches are of great significance to the study of the English versions of the Gan Xiao Liu Ji,which can enlighten future scholars.The author finds that no one has studied the translated texts of the Gan Xiao Liu Ji from the perspective of the register theory of the Systemic Functional Linguistics,and the results of the comparative study of Howard Goldblatt and Djang Chu are rare.Most domestic scholars tend to study Howard Goldblat’s English translation and his translation ability and style.Chapter ThreeTHEORETICAL FRAMEWORK3.1Brief Introduction to Register TheoryThe research of register analysis originated from Malinowski’s related researches.He put forward the concept of situational context in1923,he thought that language activities of human always occur in a specific context,and the use of language should consider the context in which it is located(Malinowski,1923). However,to succeed in verbal communication,especially when communicative activities occur between people who speak different languages,the role of culture can not be ignored,so Malinowski proposed the concept of cultural context in1935 (Malinowski,1935).The initial development of register analysis benefits from Firth. He incorporated Malinowski’s thought of situational context into his linguistic theory. In his opinion,linguistics is the study of meaning of language which is the function of language in context(Firth,1935).The concept of the register was first put forward by Reid when he studied bilingual phenomena in1956(Reid,1956).In the early1960s, Halliday,the funder of the Systemic Functional Linguistics,inheriting and developing the concept of situational context raised by Malinowski and relation theory of meaning presented by Firth,held that language varies with its function,and this linguistic variant distinguished by function was register.In1964,Halliday summarized that the situational context consists of three elements or variables,namely, field of discourse,mode of discourse and style of discourse.In1978,for the sake of avoiding ambiguity,Halliday transformed“style of discourse”into“tenor of discourse”(Halliday,1978).And these three situational variables are called the field, tenor and mode for short.Meanwhile,Halliday found that these three situational variables were related to the three metafunctions of language(experiential, interpersonal and textual function).He believed that a particular register was a given type of situation,which acted on the semantic system and selected and activated a specific semantic network.The meaning potential determined by this process is the。

语域理论研究

国内基于语域理论的ESP研究 • 北大外语类12种核心期刊刊登的有关语域研究的论文共：37篇。包括： 80年代：7篇以引入国外的语域理论的文章为主，主要介绍语域的理论框架以及介绍语域理论在教学以及在文学、翻译中的应用。
• 90年代：11篇 • 对语域理论的介绍更为深入细分，如通过对比研究语境、语域、语体，和语篇的文体分析、语域分析和体裁分析，研究语域变异等；语域理论的应用范围也越来越广，如广告、科技英语、翻译、教学、文学等。
ESP分类 • Strevens(1977)把ESP分为： “occupational”ESP和“educational”ESP. • Occupational ESP：29篇
• Educational ESP：8篇
•
ESP分类：三大类： ESS(English for Social Science),
2006
翻译：4篇
编号
1
篇名
浅谈文学翻译的语言学原理——语域理论试从语域的角度探讨《印度之行》两种译本的得失语体、语域与翻译—— 英汉翻译风格纵横谈口语体及书面语体的语域标记与翻译
期刊名
外语学刊
年份
1989
作者
郭著章;
2
四川外语学院学 2000 报外语与外语教学 2002
王苹; 刘文捷;
• Halliday从无数个具体情景中发掘出三个可比较的变量：
1)发生了什么事;2)谁参与了这件事;3)语言起什么作用。
这三个变量共同决定了意义选择的范围和表达内容的语言形式。这是一个概括性极强的理论模式,这一模式与语言的元功能、语言组织形式之间十分吻合。这是Halliday对语域理论的伟大贡献所在。近年来它已广泛地应用于语篇分析、文体分析、翻译以及教学之中,功能语言学家也在不断地探讨和发展语域理论。（谢建平，2008：54）

浅谈语用学理论在语文教学中的实践

浅谈语用学理论在语文教学中的实践作者：张丽嫚来源：《初中生世界·初中教学研究》2018年第08期韩雪屏在《言语知识新视点》一书中说：“语文课程与教学，实质上是一种言语教育，应当属于语用研究的范畴。

语文教学离不开语言的语音、语义、词汇和语法规则系统，但是语文课程的根本目的不是培养学生去研究语言，而是培养学生具有理解和运用祖国语言文字去进行交际的言语能力。

”教师如果能够灵活运用语用学理论去指导课堂，对学生进行语言文字运用能力的培养，就会使语文教学变得越来越有“语文味”。

2018年5月，在薛城名师工作室主办的第一届全国“语用”教学论坛上，南京市优秀青年教师汪晓春执教了《叶圣陶先生二三事》一课。

汪老师的课堂教学设计，恰如其分地贯彻了语用理论对语文教师、语文教学的要求。

下面，笔者将结合《叶圣陶先生二三事》一课，具体分析话语要素以及构成语用活动主体的语用方式、语用策略。

一、话语与语文教学话语是语用的基本单位。

小到一个词，大到一本书，只要在具体语境中参与、完成了交际和认知，就能成为理解文本的阶梯。

例如，《叶圣陶先生二三事》第5段的最后一句话为：“我看了信，也很悲伤，不是为自己的颠沛流离，是想到十年来的社会现象，像叶圣陶先生这样的人竟越来越少了。

”这句话的最后一个字是“了”。

如果将“了”字略去，句子语意并没有太大变化。

但是，略去“了”字的句子，更多凸显的是作者对文人颠沛流离这一社会现象的出乎意料，也就是说句子重点落在了“竟”字上。

而加了“了”字的句子，不仅表现了作者出乎意料的感受，更用舒缓的语气表现了他对这种现象的感慨；同时，有了这个“了”字，更突出了对叶圣陶先生关爱他人、待人宽厚的赞赏，毕竟文章的写作目的是表达对叶圣陶先生的追思。

带领学生学习这一段文字时，教师如果能从这一个小小的“了”字入手，阅读教学就会有大的突破。

二、语用方式与语文教学语用方式是实施语用的基本方式。

汪老师的课堂讲求的语用方式就是对话——教师与学生对话，学生与作者、文本对话。

从语域理论角度分析湖北安陆方言

从语域理论角度分析湖北安陆方言作者：高丹来源：《文教资料》2017年第15期摘要：语域理论是韩礼德系统功能语言学中的重要理论之一，具体包括语场、语旨和语式。

本文试从这三方面分析湖北安陆方言的特征，并探讨语域分析对方言理解的启示。

关键词：语域理论语场语旨语式方言一、引言方言是语言的变体，湖北安陆方言是一种典型的地域方言。

安陆市地处湖北省东北部，其方言属于湖北境内的江淮官话区，亦即楚语区，跟西南官话、赣语紧邻，因而方言内部许多问题都比较复杂，既有安陆方言特有的语言现象，又有与其他方言一致或交叉的语言现象，但是总体来说安陆方言活泼、俏皮、娱乐、生动。

因为方言受制于特定的地域场合，是一定交际环境、交际对象的产物。

本文试图以韩礼德的语域理论为基础，从语场、语旨和语式三个方面分析湖北安陆方言的特点，指出语域分析对方言理解的启示。

二、语域理论语域这个概念最初由Reid在研究双语现象时提出。

1961年，韩礼德等人在研究“语言规划框架”时，对语域进行了进一步研究，他们认为：“语言将随着其功能的变化而变化，情景不同，语言不同。

这种由用途区分的语言变体就是语域。

”[1]韩礼德将决定语言特征的情景因素归纳为三方面：语场（Field）、语旨（Tenor）和语式（Mode）。

语场是指实际发生的事情，指语言发生的环境，包括谈话话题，讲话者及其他参与者所参加的整个活动；语旨指参与者之间的关系，包括参与者的社会地位及他们之间的角色关系；语式指语言交际的渠道和媒介及修辞[2]。

语境的这三个组成部分决定着语言意义系统的三个组成部分：概念意义、人际意义和语篇意义。

其中任何一项的改变都会引起参与者所交流的意义的变化，从而引起语言的变异，产生不同类型的语域[3]。

语域理论不仅是研究语言学本身的重要方法，而且具有广泛的应用潜力。

三、安陆方言的语场语场指正在谈论的事情，换言之，指的是话题或言语交际的范围，可分为专业性的和非专业性的。

方言属于后者。

范畴化理论视阈下“X＋族”新词衍生的认知机制解读

Interpretation of Cognitive Mechanisms of Derivations of ＂X ＋ zu＂ Neologisms from the Perspective of Categorization Theory 作者：郑珂[1];汪少华[2]
作者机构： [1]台州学院外国语学院,浙江临海317000;[2]南京师范大学外国语学院,江苏南京210097
出版物刊名：外国语文
页码： 88-93页
年卷期： 2014年第1期
主题词： “X+族”新词;范畴化;隐喻;转喻;类比
摘要：人们在对新生群体进行范畴化形成词汇的过程中,会运用到隐喻、转喻、连续转喻、隐转喻和类比等多种认知机制.其中转喻占70％,发挥着最重要的功能.在这些认知机制的综合作用下,语义原型范畴得到了扩展,不同范畴之间产生了互动,有些词汇还需经历再范畴化过程.。

语域理论新探_汪少华

山东外语教学2000年第2期(总第79期)语　域　理　论　新　探汪少华摘要:语域理论是系统功能语言学中的一个重要组成部分。

不少系统功能语言学家纷纷从不同的视角对语域进行了深入细致的探讨。

本文首先概述了Halliday的语域理论模式;然后在此基础之上,着重分析了Martin和Leckie-Tarry对语域理论的新拓展;接着对上述两种模式一一作出了评析;最后文章阐明了作者自己对语域理论的一些看法。

关键词:语域理论;语场;语旨;语式中图分类号:H0-06　文献标识码:A　文章编号:1002-2643(2000)02-0006-05 一、引言语域理论是系统功能语言学的重要理论之一,也是系统功能语言学家经常探讨的重大课题。

语域理论发端于“英国的语境主义”。

人类学家M alinowski在30年代提出了情景语境和文化语境,后来Firth将语境概念发展为“语义存在于语境”的理论(Eggins,1994)。

60年代Halliday继承并发展了Firth的语境理论。

他指出,在任何一个情景的语境中,都会有三个变量影响语言的使用。

这三个变量为语场、语旨和语式,这就是H alliday语域理论的雏形。

其实,“语域”这一术语最早是由Reid(1956)提出用来描述语言运用变体的。

Halliday等人(1964)在Hill(1958)的“机制语言学”框架内发展了语域分析。

70年代Halli-day明确了语域与情景语境的关系:语域是情景语境的具体表现。

80年代他进一步将语域理解为“与某一情景组成(situational configu-ration)语场、语旨、语式有关的语义组成(se-mantic co nfiguration)”,即:1)情景语境包含三个变量;2)语域是这三个变量组成产生的语义集合(Halliday&Hasan,1985:35)。

到目前为止,从事语域理论研究的学者主要有Ure&Ellis(1977),Gregory(1967),Greg ory&Car-roll(1978),Faw cett(1980),Halliday(1964, 1978,1985,1989),Ellis&Ure(1969),H asan (1985),Ghadessy(1988,1993),M attin (1982,1992,1997),Eg gins(1994,1997), Leckie-Tarry(1995)等。

隐喻推理机制的认知性透视

作者：汪少华
作者机构：复旦大学外文系，上海200433
出版物刊名：外语与外语教学
页码： 14-17页
主题词：隐喻;源域;目标域;映射;合成空间理论
摘要：本文从认知的角度来探讨隐喻现象。

作者首先概述了莱考夫和弗科尼亚的隐喻解释方案。

接着文章运用两种理论分析了隐喻现象，特别是隐喻的推理机制。

然后作者对这两种隐喻解释方案一一作出了评析，并针对如何理解和阐释隐喻的推理机制阐明了自己的观点：1)围绕层创结构这一核心，依照层创逻辑进行推理；2)联系语境，在推理过程中充分发挥认知能动性；3)把握映射的灵活性。

进行动态性推理。

“一带一路”话语建构策略的架构理论透视

A Framing Theory Perspective of the Construction Strategies of "Belt and Road Initiative" Discourses 作者：张薇[1,2];汪少华[3]
作者机构： [1]上海外国语大学博士后流动站,上海200083;[2]南京审计大学外国语学院,江苏南京211815;[3]南京师范大学外国语学院,江苏南京210097
出版物刊名：外语研究
页码： 38-43页
年卷期： 2019年第4期
主题词： """一带一路"";隐喻性架构;非隐喻性架构;架构整合;架构连贯"
摘要：研究"一带一路"话语的建构策略是推动我国"一带一路"建设的基本保障。

本文选取官方媒体中有关"一带一路"倡议的报道60篇,基于架构理论做具体分析,研究发现:(1)成功的架构策略在于报道中表层架构的优选和整合,以及篇章内部和篇章之间在表层架构和深层架构之间实现的连贯。

(2)有待于完善之处在于有少量报道或使用引起消极情感的架构;或简单否定对我方不利的架构;或生搬硬套我们的架构。

本研究建议多使用积极友善的架构;重塑对我方不利的架构或建立新架构;发掘能在不同国家受众中产生共鸣的架构。

认知视域下的句法最简性研究_张松松_汪少华_沈菲菲

ａｃｋｅｎｄｏｆｆ教授启发颇多，特此深表谢忱。 ① 本文受Ｊ
·１１８·
存在一个移位过的名词短语，即使事实上他们什么都没听见。结果，普遍语法必须并入这些子虚乌有的空语类及其移位操作。其次，在进行移位操作时不考虑句子和单词的意思。（）／／＊ｕ／＊２ａ．Ｔｈｅｂｅｄｗａｓｓｌｅｔｉｎｏｎｎｄｅｒｐ
［２］Βιβλιοθήκη （把汉语被动句命名为 “ 假被动句” Ｐｓｅｕ－
），即指没有施事主语的句子。这种句ｄｏａｓｓｉｖｅｓ－ｐ。子又称之为 “ 受事主语句 ” （）手帕哭湿了。６气球吹破了。汉语 “ 假被动句 ” 是由一个及物的主目语结构通过驱除施事的主目语而推导出来的。在这个结）构中，通过名词词组移位受事（主目语在ａｔｉｅｎｔｐ表层结构中成为主语。（）［］施事［动词受事］７［］动词受事］ｅ［［］］受事［动词ｔ）：这个句法推导过程如（８）［［［］］］（８ｅＤＰＶｔＤＰ，在这个结构中ＤＰ是受事主目语而空语类ｅ则是施事主语。同样的问题出现了，也就是说她们假设了一个题元角色是施事的空语类充当主语。再如，汉语也存在远距离依存关系（主要通过 “ 。所不同的是汉语允许 “ 自己 ” 实现）自己” 有一个非局部性的先行词，而英语则不可以。（９）Ｊｏｈｎｈｉｎｋｓ［Ｔｏｍｎｏｗｓ［Ｂｉｌｌｉｋｅｓｉｔｋｌｊｋ］／＊／ｈｉｍｓｅｌｆ．ｉｋ］＊ｊ张三ｉ认为［李四ｊ知道［王五ｋ喜欢自］。己ｉ／／ｋ］ｊ。当然，汉语也存在 “ 阻碍效应 ” （张三ｉ认为［王五ｊ知道［我ｋ喜欢自１０）］。己＊ｉ／＊／ｋ］ｊ） “ 如（所示，自己” 的先行词必须是整个句１０，子的枢轴（即第一／第二人称阻碍第三ＰＩＶＯＴ）人称的先行与 “ 自己” 形成同指关系，即使这个枢。轴本身并不成分统领 “ 自己 ”

高中语文文本言语的逻辑探问

高中语文文本言语的逻辑探问
龚春华
【期刊名称】《课堂内外·教师版》
【年(卷),期】2017(000)008
【摘要】目前,高中语文教学中存在着重文本解读,忽视言语教学的误区,进而导致教师对文本存在过度解读的现象,也导致了正常语文教学语言逻辑的缺失.合理的语文教学,应该回到言语教学和文学鉴赏的双重层面上来,才有助于学生语言思维和文学审美双向能力的提升.
【总页数】2页(P29-30)
【作者】龚春华
【作者单位】重庆南开中学,重庆沙坪坝 400030
【正文语种】中文
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您在思考些什么——华中理工大学新闻系主任汪新源答问

您在思考些什么——华中理工大学新闻系主任汪新源答问方墅
【期刊名称】《新闻知识》
【年(卷),期】1989(000)003
【摘要】问:您近来在思考些什么问题? 答:考虑得最多的是新闻教育改革,怎样为新闻实际工作和深化新闻改革服务的问题。

问:集中点在哪里? 答:要逐步改变学生(未来记者)的知识结构,改变单纯的社会科学知识结
【总页数】1页(P4-4)
【作者】方墅
【作者单位】
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】G210
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5.解读“天书”,为患者贴上“基因标签”——访华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院内科学系主任汪道文教授 [J], 刘志学
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