1动词不定式用法小结
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动词不定式用法小结
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式。其结构是“to+动词原形”,否定形式为“not+to+动词原形”。动词不定式在句中不充当谓语,不受主语的限制,但有时态和语态的变化。但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。动词不定式是中考的必考点之一。现结合最近几年的中考真题,全面梳理动词不定式的考点.
一、动词不定式做主语
1. 动词不定式直接做主语,谓语动词用三单。如:
To swim in the river is dangerous.在河里游泳是很危险的。
To ask the teacher for help is necessary.向老师寻求帮助是有必要的。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实
2.下列特殊句型中的动词不定式做真实主语。
不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.
▲“It is+形容词+for sb.to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。其中句中的形容词多为描述性的词语,不对人或物的品格进行评价,如difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,impossible等。
例1:It is important ____ us ________ English well.
A. for;to learn
B. of;to learn
C. for;learn
D. of;learn
▲“It is+形容词+of sb.to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。其中句中的形容词用于描述人的性格、品质,如kind,good,nice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。
例2:—Let me help you carry the box,Granny.
—Thank you,Li Lei. It’s very nice________ you ____________me.
A. of;to help
B. for;to help
C. of;helping
D. for;helping
小结:It’s +clever,wise, kind, good, right, nice (of + sb.) + to do .
sth.wrong, bad, cruel silly, stupid, foolish careful, careless It’s +difficult, hard, easy,+ ( for + sb. ) + to do sth.
possible, impossibl ,important,`
3. “It’s a/one’s+n.(task/duty/job)...+to do sth.”意为“做某事是……的任务/职责/工作”。如:
It’s my duty to save patients.治病救人是我的职责。
例3:—It’s our duty __________our city clean and beautiful.
—Yes.We should do something for it.
A. to keep
B. keep
C. keeping
4.It takes sb time to do sth . 汉译英:每天步行上学花费我十分钟。
_________________________________________________________
二、动词不定式做表语
动词不定式做表语,一般用于be动词或seem等系表动词后面。主语通常是wish,idea,works,task,job,aim等词。如:
My work is ___________ the room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。
He seemed ____________ nothing.他似乎什么也没有听到。
三、动词不定式做宾语
动词不定式做宾语是中考常考考点之一,具体用法分为两种情况:
1. 一些动词必须接动词不定式做宾语,这类动词有want(想要),decide(决定),ask(问、寻求),learn(学习),tell(告诉),teach(教、讲授),hope(希望),plan(计划),refuse(拒绝),expect(期待、期望),afford(负担得起),warn(警告),invite(邀请)等。
例4:They decided _____________a bridge over the river.
A. build
B. to build
C. building
例5:— Some children can’t afford ________________ dictionaries.
—Let’s donate our pocket money to them.
A. buy
B. buying
C. to buy
D. be bought
2.think,find,feel,make,believe等动词可用于“动词+it+形容词+to do sth.”结构。在此句型中,it做形式宾语,而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
例6:I found _________ necessary _______him..
A. that;talk
B. it;to talk
C. that;to talk
You helped _______________________________________________________
(使我拥有幸运成为可能) (make )
4.有些动词接动词不定式与接动名词有区别
mean to do sth 打算干某事 mean doing sth 意味着干某事
forget/remember to do sth 忘记/记得要做某事
forget/remember doing sth 忘记/记得已做过某事
stop to do sth 终止一件事,去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止做某事
try to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing sth尝试做某事
四、动词不定式做宾语补足语
The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.
I expect you to give me some help.