资料NO.2 托福写作常见语法及高分句型 改错练习

资料NO.2 托福写作常见语法点讲义

一、从句

英文的句子分为三种基本类型：简单句、并列句、复合句

逗号不可以连接两个句子

My name is sherry, i graduated from ZJ university（*）

Some prefer to leave their phones at home, they don’t want to be bothered when they are enjoying rest time. (*)

并列句是几个简单句用连词连接而成

常见连词：and, but, or, nor, so, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, notwithstanding, whereas...

1、简单句的五种基本类型

英语句子有长有短，结构有简有繁。从表面上看虽然千变万化，但从本质上说却有其内在的结构规律——简单句的五种基本句型。

主语+系动词+表语

主语+谓语

主语+谓语+宾语

主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

2、所有的长难句都是由这五种基本句型转化而来

一般来讲，一个句子除了有主语和谓语之外，其他可能包含的成分还有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语。

其中，谓语比较特殊，只能由动词来充当。而其他成分则可以由词、短语、句子来充当。

当用一个完整的句子来充当另一个句子的某个成分时，即构成相应的从句。

●主语从句

What i am reading is interesting. 完整的句子what i am reading 做主语

●宾语从句

No one knows exactly whether there is life on other planets. 完整的句子whether there is life on other planets做宾语

●表语从句

English is what i like most among all subjects. 完整的句子what i like most among all subjects.

●同位语从句

I love the saying that love, not time heals all wounds. 完整的句子love, not time heals all wounds做saying 的同位语

*idea，fact, belief等名词后常常带同位语从句

一个世纪以前，弗洛伊德阐述了他具有革命性的理论，即梦是一种对我们潜意识里的欲望和恐惧所产生的内心深处的反映。

A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our subconscious desires and fears.

●定语从句

先行词：被定语从句修饰的对象叫先行词（可以是单词、短语、句子）

关系词：重复指代先行词、起连接主句和从句的作用，并且在定语从句中充当一定成分的连接词称为关系词。

限定性定语从句VS 非限定性定语从句

Smart card, which can carry as much as 80 times more information on them than conventional cards with a magnetic stripe, are already widely used in European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a nationwide basis.

Behaviorists suggests that the child who is raised in an environment where there are

many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

●状语从句

9类状语从句：时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、让步、比较、目的、条件

表示“一……就……”

as soon as, once, the minute, the moment, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly...

hardly...when, scarcely...when, no sooner...than

表示原因

in that，seeing that, now that, considering that, given that

due to, owing to，result from, because of

Result in, lead to, contribute to

表示目的

lest（以免），for fear that（生怕），in case

表示结果

to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, to such an extent that

表示条件

suppose (that ), supposing that, providing/provided that, so long as, as long as, on condition that.

表示让步

for all，while置于句首，as倒装句

二、非谓语动词