2020年最新初三英语总复习
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初三英语总复习
一、名词:
1、名词的概念:名词是指表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。
2、名词的分类:专有名词:China, Mike, English, the Great Wall…
普通名词:可数名词(有单、复数之分, 在可数名词单数之前要用a/an) table, life, tomato…
不可数名词(无复数形式)food, duty, news, knowledge…
3、可数名词复数的构成:
⑴一般情况是在名词后加-s
⑵以s, x, sh, ch结尾的加-es
⑶以辅音字母+ y结尾的,要变y为i再加-es,如:city -- family –
以元音字母(Aa ,Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu )+ y结尾的,加-s, 如:boy--
⑷以f /fe 结尾的变f/fe为v再加-es,如:half-- self-- shelf--
leaf-- knife-- wife-- life--
⑸以o结尾的,只有tomato和potato是加-es,其余的都加-s,如:photo--
radio-- kilo-- zero-- zoo--
⑹特殊情况:man-- woman-- policeman--
Englishman-- Frenchman-- 但:German--
child-- foot-- tooth--
⑺单、复同形:Chinese-- Japanese-- sheep--
⑻形式上是单数,实际上表复数概念:people,police
如:The people / police are working hard.
⑼有两种形式的:fish作“鱼”时,可数,其复数是fish或fishes
作“鱼肉”时,不可数。
⑽复合名词的复数形式:man player--men players ,woman doctor--women doctors ,apple tree--apple trees 4、不可数名词:无复数形式,不能与a /an或数词连用,必须用a cup of… , a piece of …, a pair of… , some ,
much , so much , too much , little , a little , a lot of , lots of…等表数量。如:much work, a little money, two bags of rice…
注:一条裤子 a pair of trousers is… The trousers are…
一双袜子/鞋子 a pair of socks / shoes is… My new shoes are…
一副眼镜 a pair of glasses is…
数杯橘子汁glass es of oranges 数张纸piece s of paper
如果这些短语中需要用形容词,形容词应该放在冠词后。
a full bottle of milk ten big piece s of paper
如果…of 短语后的名词为可数名词时,必须用复数。
a bag of book s a basket of apple s a box of pen s
5、名词的所有格:
⑴单数名词的所有格:①加’s the student’s book
②以s结尾的单词, 加’James’ book
⑵复数名词的所有格:①以s结尾的, 加’the student s’ books
a few year s’ time twenty minute s’ walk
②不以结尾的,加’s children’s dolls men’s shoes
⑶以and连接的:①共同拥有,共同一个’s Lily and Lucy’s father is
②分别拥有,每个名词后加’s Li Lei’s and Jim’s father s
⑷无生命名词的所有格:①表时间、距离、重量、世界、国家、城镇等的加’s 或s’
an hour’s walk , ten minutes’ talk , China’s capital , (in) today’s newspaper
world’s population
②用of短语。(语序与汉语不一致)
a picture of my family , the classroom of our school , teachers of Class 1
二、代词:
⑴人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
注:1)主格作主语,放在句首。如果主语是几个并列代词时,You最前,I最后(你在前,我在后)。如:You, he and I a re … 但在表抱歉的句子中,I放在前,如:Sorry, I and Li Lei broke the glasses.
3)形容词性物主代词后必须加名词。
4)名词性物主代词后不能加名词,但相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。如:my book = mine
his book = his her book = hers
5)反身代词于固定短语中。如:enjoy oneself=have a good time=play happily
be alone = all by oneself
teach oneself sth. = learn sth. (all) by oneself
leave sb. by oneself
help oneself to sth.
⑵指示代词:近指this →复these 远指that →复those
注:1)打电话时用this 代替自己,that 代替对方。
如:Hello! This is …. Is that …speaking?
2)that / those可以用来代替前面提到过的人或物。
如:This story is more interesting than that one.
⑶疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词:
指人:who(主语) whom(宾语) whose(谁的)
指物:what who’s(谁是)
指人/物:which
注:1)The bag on the desk is Lucy’s. →Whose is the bag on the desk?
Lucy’s bag is on the desk. →Whose bag is on the desk?
2)What也可对人的职业、身份提问:What do you do? = What are you? What does she do? = What is she?
3)对某人的身高胖瘦提问用What:He is thin and tall.
→What is he like?
③each强调个体,+名单(谓动:单) 两个或两个以上的每一个。