现在,过去进行时讲义

现在,过去进行时讲义

动词时态讲义（三）

现在进行时：表示现在的某一时刻或现阶段内正在发生或进行的动作或存在的状态。

例：1）I am studying in Chang Jiang Middle School now.

2）The students are having lunch at school.

3）We are working hard.

4）They are singing an English song happily.

（一）现在进行时的构成

现在进行时的句子构成:“主语﹢助动词be (am, is, are) ﹢现在分词(v.﹣ing)”。动词的现在分词是由动词加-ing构成。动词的现在分词的构成有以下规则：

1.一般在动词后直接加-ing

例：

work—working study—studying drink—drinking stay—staying ask—asking see—seeing kick—kicking send—sending look—looking cry—crying call—calling jump—jumping

2.若动词是以不发音的e结尾，则要去e加-ing.

例：

give—giving live—living have—having write—writing ride—riding take—taking close—closing operate—operating translate—translating 3.以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，要先双写最后的辅

音字母再加-ing.

例：

sit—sitting shop—shopping run—running swim—swimming cut—cutting drop—dropping begin—beginning put—putting

4.以ie结尾的动词，若ie所在的音节是重读音节，则要把ie变为y再加-ing. 例：

tie—tying lei—lying die—dying

5.以er结尾的动词，若er所在的音节是重读音节，则要先双写r 再加-ing, 若

er所在的音节是非重读音节，则直接在其后加-ing.

例：

refer—referring prefer—preferring water—watering wonder—wondering （二）现在进行时的句式转换

现在进行时的句子中有助动词be (am/ is/ are ).因此变成疑问句时应把be动词提到主语前，变成否定句时在be动词后加否定词not.

例：

Jack is wearing a red jacket and a pair of blue jeans.

→Is Jack wearing a red jacket and a pair of bl ue jeans?

Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.

→Jack isn’t wearing a red jacket and a pair of blue jeans.

→What is Jack wearing?

（三）现在进行时的用法

1.表示说话时正在进行的动作，通常与now, look, listen, at the moment等词连用。

例：

Look! The students are skating happily on the ice.

What are the dogs barking at?

Listen! Your mother is calling you.

Please wait for a while. I’m doing my homework at this moment.

Look! It’s raining heavily. You should take your rain coat.

We are watching TV now.

John is playing the piano.

Are you waiting for me now?

2.表示现在一段时间内正在进行着的动作或所处的状态，常与these days（这几

天），all the time/ at present（目前），this week （本周），this month (本月)等时间词连用。

例：

We are learning Lesson Eight this week.

The young man is teaching at school these years.

The boys are running and singing all the time.

I am worrying about you these days.

We are making model planes this month.

3. 现在进行时可以表示经常反复的动作，常与always, continuously等频度副词连用，突出表现喜欢、赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。

例：

He is always asking me the same questions.

He is always doing everything very carefully.

Mom is continuously blaming me.

My God! I am always losing my pen.

4. 现在进行时还可以用来表示发展变化中的情况或状态。

例：

The day is getting longer and longer and the night is getting shorter and shorter in spring.

The lady is getting older and older. She is very sad because of it.

The hole is getting bigger and bigger.

5. 一些常见的表示具体行为的动词(如come / go / leave / start / do / arrive / reach / stay / have / hold / catch / buy等)用于进行时态时可能表示按照安排将要发生的动词或状态。

例：The headmaster is leaving here for Australia soon.

Are you buying this tie?

Where are you going tomorrow?

Stop talking! The teacher is coming.