现在,过去进行时讲义

现在,过去进行时讲义动词时态讲义（三）现在进行时：表示现在的某一时刻或现阶段内正在发生或进行的动作或存在的状态。

例：1）I am studying in Chang Jiang Middle School now.2）The students are having lunch at school.3）We are working hard.4）They are singing an English song happily.（一）现在进行时的构成现在进行时的句子构成:“主语﹢助动词be (am, is, are) ﹢现在分词(v.﹣ing)”。

动词的现在分词是由动词加-ing构成。

动词的现在分词的构成有以下规则：1.一般在动词后直接加-ing例：work—working study—studying drink—drinking stay—staying ask—asking see—seeing kick—kicking send—sending look—looking cry—crying call—calling jump—jumping2.若动词是以不发音的e结尾，则要去e加-ing.例：give—giving live—living have—having write—writing ride—riding take—taking close—closing operate—operating translate—translating 3.以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，要先双写最后的辅音字母再加-ing.例：sit—sitting shop—shopping run—running swim—swimming cut—cutting drop—dropping begin—beginning put—putting4.以ie结尾的动词，若ie所在的音节是重读音节，则要把ie变为y再加-ing. 例：tie—tying lei—lying die—dying5.以er结尾的动词，若er所在的音节是重读音节，则要先双写r 再加-ing, 若er所在的音节是非重读音节，则直接在其后加-ing.例：refer—referring prefer—preferring water—watering wonder—wondering （二）现在进行时的句式转换现在进行时的句子中有助动词be (am/ is/ are ).因此变成疑问句时应把be动词提到主语前，变成否定句时在be动词后加否定词not.例：Jack is wearing a red jacket and a pair of blue jeans.→Is Jack wearing a red jacket and a pair of bl ue jeans?Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.→Jack isn’t wearing a red jacket and a pair of blue jeans.→What is Jack wearing?（三）现在进行时的用法1.表示说话时正在进行的动作，通常与now, look, listen, at the moment等词连用。

例：Look! The students are skating happily on the ice.What are the dogs barking at?Listen! Your mother is calling you.Please wait for a while. I’m doing my homework at this moment.Look! It’s raining heavily. You should take your rain coat.We are watching TV now.John is playing the piano.Are you waiting for me now?2.表示现在一段时间内正在进行着的动作或所处的状态，常与these days（这几天），all the time/ at present（目前），this week （本周），this month (本月)等时间词连用。

例：We are learning Lesson Eight this week.The young man is teaching at school these years.The boys are running and singing all the time.I am worrying about you these days.We are making model planes this month.3. 现在进行时可以表示经常反复的动作，常与always, continuously等频度副词连用，突出表现喜欢、赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。

例：He is always asking me the same questions.He is always doing everything very carefully.Mom is continuously blaming me.My God! I am always losing my pen.4. 现在进行时还可以用来表示发展变化中的情况或状态。

例：The day is getting longer and longer and the night is getting shorter and shorter in spring.The lady is getting older and older. She is very sad because of it.The hole is getting bigger and bigger.5. 一些常见的表示具体行为的动词(如come / go / leave / start / do / arrive / reach / stay / have / hold / catch / buy等)用于进行时态时可能表示按照安排将要发生的动词或状态。

例：The headmaster is leaving here for Australia soon.Are you buying this tie?Where are you going tomorrow?Stop talking! The teacher is coming.They are having a meeting this afternoon.The film is starting in a few minutes.6.若主句是一般将来时态，其条件、时间状语从句有时可以用现在进行时态表示将来正在进行的动作。

Mom will prepare food while I am doing my homework.If she is still having class, I won’t c all him.（四）一般不用进行时态的动词1、一些表示心理情感的动词或状态的动词一般不用进行时态。

如: love, like, know, understand, forget, remember, believe, think, want, mind, wish, need, agree, hate, prefer, wonder, suppose, hope, doubt, seem, have, belong to, own, stay，remain, lie等。

如：I love my school.I wish you a merry Christmas.I prefer swimming to skating.Japan lies to the east of China.He seems rather angry with you.I still remember the days when we studied together.I am happy.He's tired.It's hot today但是，如果以上动词用了现在进行时态，则表现出说话人很有礼貌，带有较强的感情色彩。

如：She is hoping to see you soon.I am wondering if you can come to meet me and play together.2、表示感觉的动词：see, hear, smell, taste, feel，sound，notice等。

The apples taste good. 这些苹果尝起来不错。

This flower smells nice. 这花闻上去很香。

Your suggestion sounds reasonable. 你的建议听上去有道理。

注意：如果这些动词表示一种有意识的行为，则可用进行时态。

She is tasting the apple. 她正在尝苹果。

The dog is smelling the footprints. 狗正在嗅脚印。

3.表示一次性动作的动词没有进行时态如decide，receive，allow，give, accept, promise等。

We decide to form a school football team.My parents promised to send me to the best university.（五）现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态的结构是：主语+ am / is/ are + being+动词的过去分词+ 其他例:His house is being painted white.A new bridge is being built over the river.They are being asked by the policeman.动词时态讲义（四）过去进行时：过去进行时表示在过去的某一时刻或某段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或存在的状态。

When you phoned yesterday, I was playing computer chess.We are working from two to four yesterday afternoon.（一）过去进行时的构成主语﹢助动词be (was\were) ﹢现在分词(v.﹣ing)例如：I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night.It was raining heavily when we left the school.（二）过去进行时的句式转换过去进行时中也有助动词be(am\is\are)，因此变成疑问句时应把be动词提到主语前，变成否定句时在be动词后加not.例：They were talking noisily in the classroom when the teacher came in.→They weren’t talking noisily in the classroom when the teacher came in.→Were they talking noisily in the classroom when the teacher came in?（三）过去进行时的用法过去进行时主要用来表示在过去的某段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或存在的状态，特别强调动作的正在进行，常用于以下情况：1、表示在过去的某一时刻正在进行的动作，一般要和过去特定的时间状语（如：at that time, at this time yesterday\last week\ last month…, at 8:00 yesterday等）或由when, while, as等词引导的时间状语从句连用。