托福阅读笔记之TPO9 夏威夷植物的到来

托福阅读笔记之TPO9 夏威夷植物的到来说到托福阅读备考，TPO是必不可少的备考神器，通过TPO练习来更好的适应阅读考试的节奏。本文小编带来的托福阅读笔记是TPO9 The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii的内容，希望能够与正在备考的大家一起进步。

TPO9 The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii

文章题材：自然科学——植物如何传播种子

常见词汇：

dormant['dɔ:mənt]adj. 睡眠状态的，静止的[计算机] 静止的

sheer[ʃiə]adj. 纯粹的，全然的，陡峭的

phrase[freiz]n. 短语，习语，个人风格，乐句vt. 措词

supply[sə'plai]n. 补给，供给，供应，贮备vt. 补给

formation[fɔ:'meiʃən]n. 构造，编队，形成，队形，[地]地层

maintenance['meintinəns]n. 维护，保持，维修，生活费用

credit['kredit]n. 信用，荣誉，贷款，学分，赞扬，赊欠，贷方

illustrate['iləstreit]v. 举例说明，(为书)作插图，图解

survival[sə'vaivəl]n. 生存，幸存者

buoyant['bɔiənt]adj. 有浮力的，心情愉快的，趋于上涨的

易错题解析：

Paragraph 4 Many millions of years after ferns evolved (but long before the Hawaiian Island were born from the sea), another kind of flora evolved on Earth: the seed-bearing plants. This was a wonderful biological invention. The seed has an outer coating that surrounds the genetic material of the new plant, and inside this covering is a concentrated supply of nutrients. Thus, the speed's chances of survival are greatly enhanced over those of the naked spore. One type of seed-bearing plant, the angiosperm, includes all forms of blooming vegetation. In the angiosperm the seeds are wrapped in an additional layer of covering. Some of these coats are hard-like the shell of a nut-for extra protection. Some are soft and tempting, like a peach or a cherry. In some angiosperm the seeds are equipped with gossamer wings, like the dandelion and milkweed seeds. These new characteristics offered better ways for the seeds to move to new habitats. They could travel through the air, float in water, and lie dormant for many months.

8. According to paragraph 4, why do seeds have a greater chance of survival than spores do? To receive credit, you must select TWO answer choices.

○Seeds need less water to grow into a mature plant than spores do.

○Seeds do not need to rely on outside sources of nutrients.

○Seeds are better protected from environmental dangers than spores are.

○Seeds are heavier than spores and are therefore more likely to take root and grow.

题型：事实信息题。答案是(BC)

解析：双选题，需在原文中找到确切信息，并且核实与选项的对应关系。通过the speed’s chances of survival定位至第四句，而thus提示我们使得种子比孢子生存机会更大的原因应该在前一句寻找。第三句后半部分内容a concentrated supply of nutrients 与B选项对应，前半部分内容说The seed has an outer coating, 并结合第四段第七句和之后关于angiosperm的内容对应C选项。A和D选项原文未提及。

语法点：被动语态。

Paragraph 3：Lichens helped to speed the decomposition of the hard rock surfaces, preparing a soft bed of soil that was abundantly supplied with minerals that had been carried in the molten rock from the bowels of Earth. Now, other forms of life could take hold: ferns and mosses (two of the most ancient types of land plants) that flourish even in rock crevices. ■These plants propagate by producing spores-tiny fertilized cells that contain all the instructions for making a new plant-but the spores are unprotected by any outer coating and carry no supply of nutrient. ■Vast numbers of them fall on the ground beneath the mother plants. ■ Sometimes they are carried farther afield by water or by wind. ■But only those few spores that settle down in very favorable locations can start new life; the vast majority fall on barren ground. By force of sheer numbers, however, the mosses and ferns reached Hawaii, survived, and multiplied. Some species developed great size, becoming tree ferns that even now grow in the Hawaiian forests.

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

So since the chances of survival for any individual spore are small, the plants have to produce many spores in order to propagate.

Where could the sentence best fit?

题型：句子插入题。答案是(B)

解析：插入句是一个因果关系句，说明因为单个孢子的成活率低，因此植物需要大量产生孢子以保证繁衍，此句之前应该谈及了spore，此句之后应该谈及产生的大量孢子。第二个位置前句首次提及spore，后句主语是vast numbers of them, 这个them指代的是spores, 所以第二个位置是正确位置。

易错选项：(A)。

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