第十一章 被动语态和虚拟语气
被动语态、虚拟语气 演示文稿
被动语态的用法 (1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night.
(2)没有必要或不愿意指出谁是动作的执行者。 Paper is made of wood.
(3)强调动பைடு நூலகம்的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 The window was broken by Mike. This book was written by him.
注意:1)主动语态变为被动语态,原句的时态、句式不变。 2)被动语态的谓语动词单复数随新主语的变化而变化 3)被动语态中的by短语,若by后为代词,要用宾格形式。
使用被动语态应注意的问题: 1.不及物动词(词组)不能用于被动语态: 常见的动词(词组)有happen, last, cost, appear, belong to,
3.一般将来时的被动语态构成:will/shall be+done A meeting will be held next Tuesday.
4.过去将来时的被动语态构成:would be+done She told us that those flowers would be moved to the park.
break out, take place ,consist of , add up to ,occur等,
The sweater cost me 80 yuan.
The war broken out in 1941. 2. 系动词不能用于被动语态: taste , feel , look , smell , sound ,
You should pay attention to your pronunciation.
高一英语直接引语和间接引语,被动语态,虚拟语气,定语从句语法知识总结和练习
一.直接引语和间接引语(一)直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。
间接引语一般构成宾语从句。
直接引语必须放在引号内,间接引语则不用引号。
直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
1.时态的变化:直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态,即把原来的时态向过去推,也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,等等。
例如:Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.2.人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化:根据意义进行相应的变化,例如:She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”→She asked Jack where he had been.He said,“These books are mine.”→He said that those books were his.(二)直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是因为原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
直接引语如果是一般疑问句,用连接词whether或if;如果是特殊疑问句,则用疑问词引导间接引语。
转述的动词一般用asked,可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。
如:She said,“Is your father at home?”→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.直接引语如果是祈使句,改为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气(即请求或命令)加上ask, tell, order 等动词,如果祈使句为否定式,则在不定式前加not。
被动语态 虚拟语气
【被动语态】(一)简介在英语中,语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语的关系。
英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态(active voice) 表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态(passive voice)表示主语是动作的承受者。
如: Saddam is being tried. 萨达姆正在接受审判。
The Iraqi government is trying Saddam. 伊拉克政府正在审判萨达姆。
More and more people use computers now.(主动语态)Computers are more and more widely used now.(被动语态) English is spoken all over the world. (被动语态)(二)英汉两种语言在表达被动方式上的差异汉语表达被动语态非常简单明了,用“被”“遭”“受”等词来表示,如“被捕”、“被杀”、“受到凌辱”等。
而英语表达被动的方式也不复杂,用“助动词be+动词的过去分词”表示。
其中助动词be有人称、数量和时态的变化,而这正是英语被动语态的难点。
(三)被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
这里要强调一定是及物动词的过去分词,因为不及物动词不能带宾语,也就不可能有被动语态。
英语主动语态有16个时态;被动语态常用的有8个,以give 为例说明如下:时态动词形式一般现在时 Am/is/are given 一般过去时 Was/were given一般将来时 Shall/will be given 现在进行时 Am/is/are being given过去进行时 Was/were being given 过去完成时 Had been given过去将来时 Should/would be given现在完成时 Has/have been given 被动语态的疑问句是将第一个助动词移到主语之前、句末用问号;否定式是在第一个助动词后加not或never等否定词、句末用句号。
英语被动语态(高中虚拟语气知识点总结)
原创不容易,【关注】店铺,不迷路!初中英语被动语态的特点及用法第一,被动语态的形式1.被动语态的基本时间变化被动语态通常是十时态的被动形式,由be的过去分词组成,be随着时态的变化而变化。
以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式有:1)am/is/aredone(过去分词)一般现在时参观者请勿触摸展品。
2)已经/已经完成现在完成时这项任务的所有准备工作已经完成,我们准备开始了。
现在进行时这里正在建一座新电影院。
4)was/aredone简单过去式我有十分钟的时间来决定什么时候应该拒绝这个提议。
5)过去完成时到去年年底,北京又建成了一个新的东北。
过去进行时我在那里的时候,正在开会。
7)将来时如果工厂关闭,工作的孩子将会失去。
应该/将要做过去和将来时态消息一到达就会被发送给士兵的母亲。
9)将来应该/将要完成(很少使用)这个项目将在7月前完成。
2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带有情态动词的被动结构。
它的形式是:情态动词be过去分词。
婴儿应该由保姆好好照顾。
2)有些动词可以有两个宾语。
在被动结构中使用时,主动结构中的一个宾语可以变成主语,而另一个宾语保留在谓语后面。
通常成为主语的是间接宾语。
他妈妈送给他一份生日礼物。
可以改成他生日时妈妈送了他一份礼物。
3)“动词宾语补足语”的结构变成被动语态时,宾语变成被动结构中的主语,其余部分不动。
有人抓住了那个抽烟的男孩。
可以改成那个男孩抽烟被抓了。
4)当使役动词后面的不定式have、make、get和感觉动词see、watch、notice、hear、see、feel、observe用作宾语补足语时,主动结构中的不定式to应该省略,变成被动时再加。
有人看见一个陌生人走进大楼。
可以改成有人看见一个陌生人走进大楼。
5)有些相当于及物动词的动词短语,如“动词介词”、“动词副词”等,也可以用在被动结构中,但要作为一个整体,不能割裂开来。
介词或副词不能省略。
会议将推迟到星期五。
3.非谓语动词的被动语态动词(verb的缩写)ing形式和不定式do也有被动语态(一般时和完成时)。
语法被动语态虚拟语气宾语从句等
语法被动语态虚拟语气宾语从句等语法中的被动语态、虚拟语气和宾语从句是英语学习中非常重要的知识点。
它们在句子中扮演着不同的角色,帮助我们表达出各种不同的语意。
在接下来的文章中,我们将详细探讨这些语法规则以及它们的正确使用方法。
被动语态(Passive Voice)被动语态是一种常用的句式,在英语中常用来强调动作的承受者而非执行者。
一般而言,被动语态的构成是由“be”动词的不同时态加上过去分词构成的。
例如:1. The book was written by John.(这本书是由约翰写的。
)2. The car will be repaired tomorrow.(这辆车明天将被修理。
)3. The cake has been eaten.(蛋糕已经被吃掉了。
)虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)虚拟语气是一种用来表达假设、建议、愿望、命令等意思的语气。
在虚拟语气中,动词的形式通常不是直接以其字面意义使用。
下面是几个常见的虚拟语气用法:1. 假设:If I were you, I would study harder.(如果我是你,我会更加努力学习。
)2. 建议:I suggest that he go to bed early.(我建议他早点上床睡觉。
)3. 愿望:I wish I could speak Spanish fluently.(我希望我能流利地说西班牙语。
)4. 命令:It's essential that you be on time for the meeting.(你准时参加会议是很重要的。
)宾语从句(Object Clauses)宾语从句是一个在主句中作为宾语的完整句子。
宾语从句通常以连接词引导,常见的连接词包括“that”、“whether”、“if”、“why”、“when”等。
以下是一些宾语从句的例子:1. She doesn't know if/whether he will come or not.(她不知道他是否会来。
被动语态、虚拟语气
被动语态(be + 动词过去分词)(句子时态不改变)By表示被,后接人,人可以省略1、一般现在时am/is/are+动词过去分词He often cleans the classroom on Sunday. The classroom is often cleaned by him on Sunday.The worker repairs those machines at home. Those machines are repaired by the worker at home.2、一般过去式was/were +动词过去分词We built a new library in 1990. A new library was built by us in 1990.She gave me some papers when she came in. Some papers were given by her when she came in.3、一般将来时Will/shall/be + 动词过去分词We will/shall give a party on next Friday. A party will/shall be given by us on next Friday.Lucy will cook some meals for us as a reward of our help. Some meals will be cooked for us by Lucy as a reword of our help.4、现在进行时am/is/are + being + 动词过去分词The manager is making a working plan in his office, so don't disturb him.A working plan is being made by the manager, so don't disturb him.5、过去进行时was/were + being + 动词过去分词They were talking about a new movie when I entered the room. A new movie was being talked by them when I entered the room.6、现在完成时Has/have + been + 动词过去分词Our country has introduced more new technologies since the reform and opening policy.More new technologies have been introduced by our country since the reform and opening policy.7、过去完成时Had + been + 动词过去分词I had learned 5000 words by the age of 15. 5000 words had been learned by me by the age of 15.虚拟语气:由if,wish 等词引导,虚拟部分时态要比句子时态向前推一个,即与现在相反的假设,虚拟部分用过去式;与过去式相反的,虚拟部分用过去完成时I will I were _____________ If I were you, I would go aboard.If I had finished these work yesterday, I would have go for a picnic now.。
高考英语:写作中的高级表达+妙记11+用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型
妙记11 用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型等在书面表达中都属于高级句式,它们的合理运用都能给文章增色添彩。
一、用英文思维的被动语态英文中被动语态的使用比汉语更多、更普遍。
一般说来,当强调动作的承受者、不必说出动作的执行者或执行者不明确时,多用被动语态。
被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。
所以同学们在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态,以赢得更高的分数。
1.主动语态变被动语态①We can borrow at most five books at a time, and we can keep them for ten days.→At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days.②When we put some waste chemicals into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.→When some waste chemicals are put into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.2.写作中常见的被动语态(1)be+过去分词(be可使用各种时态)①The exhibition will be held from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm the day after tomorrow in the artgallery.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)展览将于后天上午9时至下午5时在美术馆举行。
②Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language.(2014·江苏高考书面表达)当今,越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。
英语语法练习中的虚拟语气与被动语态应用
英语语法练习中的虚拟语气与被动语态应用在学习英语语法的过程中,虚拟语气和被动语态是两个常见的语法现象。
虚拟语气用于表达一种假设、愿望或建议,而被动语态则用于强调动作的承受者。
在实际应用中,我们常常会遇到虚拟语气和被动语态的练习题,下面就让我们来看看这两个语法现象在练习中的应用。
一、虚拟语气的练习应用1. 条件虚拟语气条件虚拟语气用于表示与事实相反的假设情况。
在练习题中,我们常常会遇到与现实相反的条件,需要用虚拟语气来表达。
例如:If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.(如果我是一只鸟,我会在天空中飞翔。
)这个句子中,使用了条件虚拟语气来表达与现实相反的情况,即“我不是一只鸟,但是如果我是一只鸟,我会飞翔”。
2. 愿望虚拟语气愿望虚拟语气用于表达对现实的愿望、期望或建议。
在练习题中,我们常常会遇到需要用虚拟语气来表达愿望的情况。
例如:I wish I could speak fluent English.(我希望我能说一口流利的英语。
)这个句子中,使用了愿望虚拟语气来表达对现实的愿望,即“我现在不能说流利的英语,但是我希望我能说”。
二、被动语态的练习应用被动语态用于强调动作的承受者,而不是执行者。
在练习题中,我们常常会遇到需要转换为被动语态的句子。
例如:The book was written by Mark Twain.(这本书是马克·吐温写的。
)这个句子中,使用了被动语态来强调动作的承受者,即“这本书是被马克·吐温写的”。
被动语态还可以用于强调某个事物的重要性或普遍性。
例如:English is spoken all over the world.(英语在世界各地都被使用。
)这个句子中,使用了被动语态来强调英语的普遍性,即“英语被全世界使用”。
三、虚拟语气与被动语态的综合应用在练习题中,我们还经常会遇到虚拟语气和被动语态的综合应用,需要根据语境进行分析和判断。
语法进阶讲解小学六年级被动语态与虚拟语气
语法进阶讲解小学六年级被动语态与虚拟语气在小学六年级的语法学习中,被动语态与虚拟语气是比较复杂的语法知识点,需要同学们有一定的基础才能够理解和掌握。
本文将对小学六年级被动语态与虚拟语气进行进阶讲解,帮助同学们更好地掌握这些知识。
被动语态(Passive Voice)一、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be(am、is、are、was、were等)加上及物动词的过去分词形式构成。
例如:- 主动语态:Tom eats an apple.- 被动语态:An apple is eaten by Tom.在被动句中,动作的承受者(即主语)成为句子的主语,而动作的执行者(即宾语)变成句子的宾语,通过be动词与过去分词进行连结。
二、被动语态的应用场景被动语态常用于以下情况:1. 当不知道或者没有必要提及执行者时。
例如:The book was written in 1920.(书是在1920年写的。
)2. 当强调动作的承受者时。
例如:The cake was made by my mom.(这个蛋糕是我妈妈做的。
)3. 当背景描述中的主语变化时。
例如:The trees were chopped down by the workers.(树木被工人们砍伐。
)三、被动语态的形式转换在使用被动语态时,需要注意主动语态中的主语是否为第三人称单数。
如果是,则be动词需要变成is或者was;如果不是,则使用are或者were。
四、被动语态的时态转换在将主动语态转换为被动语态时,需要同时改变时间和人称。
例如:- 主动语态:He cleans the room.(他打扫房间。
)- 被动语态:The room is cleaned by him.(房间被他打扫。
)虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)一、虚拟语气的构成虚拟语气用于表达与事实相反、与现实不符或者只是一种假设的情况。
在英语中,虚拟语气主要通过动词的形态和结构来表示。
英语成人高考复习-被动语态和虚拟语气
Note:
带情态动词的句子变为被动语态时,情态动词一般不变 而是将其后的动词变为被动式。
She could smell something burning in the next room. Something could be smelt burning in the next room. 闻得出隔壁房间里有什么东西着火了。
被动语态的时态
过去完成时:
(They had operated on him twice since then. →) He had been operated on twice since then. 我的车停在我家附近。
Note:
接不带to的不定式短语做宾语补足语的动词,如:see , hear , observe , notice , make , have 等,若变为被动 语态,不定式前通常要加to ,否则是错误的。
虚拟语气-were型虚拟语气
这种虚拟语气表示并非事实的假设和主观愿望,多用于正式 文件,现代日常英语中已经很少用。
动词be用were(但越来越被陈述语气形式was所取代,仅If I were you 中必须用were),其他动词用其各种过去时、在虚拟条件句中:
Note:
接宾语从句的及物动词变被动语态可有两种方式:
People believe that he is right. It is believed that he is right. He is believed to be right. 大家相信他是对的。
电大英语unit 11语法详解
一、被动语态英语中的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。
英语中只有及物动词才能构成被动语态。
被动语态的构成形式为“be+动词的过去分词”。
在下列情况下用被动语态:不知道或不必要提出动作的执行者;强调动作的承受者。
被动语态的构成被动语态的构成形式为“be+动词的过去分词”,随时态的不同,“be”发生相应的变化,下表是be在英语八种被动时态中的变化形式Activity 1 被动语态专项练习请写出被动语态的基本结构:________________________________A.一般现在时的被动语态结构:is /am/are +及物动词的过去分词1.Football (play)all over the world。
2.Many trees (plant)in North China.3.Rice (grow)in South China.4.A camera (use)for taking photos5.I often (ask)to do this work.B.一般过去时的被动语态结构:was /were+及物动词的过去分词1.The house (build)in 1978.2. All the students _____________ (ask) to bring a kite with them lastSunday3. The car (clean) by Dad yesterday.4. I (tell)to wait for him right here.5. When the present (give)to him by his mother?C. 你能试着做一做含有其它时态的被动语态吗?1. The letter (write) by Lin Tao now. (现在进行时)2. The CD-ROMs (sell) already. (现在完成时)3. The blackboard (clean) when I came in. (过去进行时)参考答案:A.1. is played 2. are planted 3. is grown 4. is used 5. am…asked B. 1. was built 2. were asked 3. was cleaned 4. was told 5. was…givenC. 1. is being writen 2. have been sold 3. was being cleaned二、直接引语变间接引语引述别人的话有两种方式:一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语;一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语。
第十一章 被动语态和虚拟语气
例 句 People consume over 40,000,000 cases of tomato juice. → Over 40,000,000 cases of tomato juice are consumed. 人们消费的番茄汁超过了4 000万箱。 The message was passed from person to person until it reached the front of the bus. 消息从一个人传到另一个人,一直传到公共汽车的前部。
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构 成 说 明 4. 从句中的情况与过去 的事实相反,主句中 的情况与现在事实相 反时,if 从句的谓语动 词用过去完成时, 主 句的谓语动词用should, would, could, might 等 加动词原形;从句中 的情况与现在事实
例
句
I would have never been able to finish those two miles if I were you. 如果我是你的话,我绝不可能跑 完那两英里。 (从句中用过去时,表示事实与 现在相反;主句用过去完成时, 表示事实与过去相反。)
shall will
}
be asked be asked
}
have been asked
过去 将来
should would
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should have been would asked
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被动语态的用法
用 法 1. 把SVO(主动-宾)句型的 主动句转换成 被动句,原句 中的宾语作被 动句的主语。 2. 把SVoO(主动-间宾-直宾) 的主动句转换 成被动句,常 用原句中的间 接宾语作被动 句中的主语。
语法专题7—被动语态和虚拟语气
Practice 1--Turn the following sentences into passive voice: 1. People grow rice in South China. ----Rice is grown in South China. 2. Helen broke the glass yesterday. ---The glass was broken by Helen yesterday. 3. Doctor Smith is carrying out medical research now. ----Medical research is being carried out by Doctor Smith. 4. Workers were building this road this time last year. --- This road was being built this time last year by workers. 5. They will send Lily to study abroad next term. --- Lily will be sent to study abroad next term. 6. The boss said he would deal with the problem right away. ---The boss said the problem would be dealt with right away. 7. People have translated “Harry Porter” into many languages. ---”Harry Porter” has been translated into many languages.
虚拟语气讲解(整理)
(3)虚拟语气在 在主语从句中
A.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词 用: should + 动词原形
1. 我们有必要出去散散步。 It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.
We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
7. It is of the utmost importance that you ______ here on time. a. be b. shall be c. are to be d. must be
三、虚拟语气在其他从句中
1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓 语动词用过去式或should+动词原形,should 不能省略. It is high time that you went / should go to school.
I would rather you told me the truth. I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.
4. as if ( as though) 看起来 常用虚拟形式,即 表示与现在事实相反,用过去式;与过去事实相反 用过去完成式 (had done).
英语被动语态+虚拟语气
英语被动语态+虚拟语⽓英语被动语态动词的被动语态⼀般⽤于强调受者,做题时谓语动词后通常不再有名词或宾语。
动词的被动语态⼀般不单独考,⽽是和时态、语⽓和⾮谓语动词⼀起考,需要注意以下考点。
考点⼀:不能⽤于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong to, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed.It took place before liberation.考点⼆:下列动词的主动语态表⽰被动意义,⽽且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连⽤:lock, wash, sell, read, wear, blame, ride , writeGlass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。
The car rides smoothly. 这车⾛起来很稳。
The case locks easily. 这箱⼦很好锁。
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
注意: 被动语态句⼦仍然有各种时态变化。
由于构成被动语态的⾏为动词变成了动词-ed形式,所以被动语态句⼦的时态都要体现在助动词be上。
1. be + done2. may/can/must + be done3. be being + done4. have been done使⽤被动语态应注意下⾯⼏点:1. 短语动词的被动语态,要保持短语动词的完整性,动词后⾯的介词或副词切记不可遗漏。
如:put on, put up, take care of, call on, depend on, make use of, pay attention to, etc.eg: These books must be taken good care of.The children were well looked after.2. 带双宾语的动词( give, send, take, bring, teach, tell, offer, sing, promise, make, write, ask, lend, show, pay等)的被动语态:将其中⼀个宾语变成主语,另⼀个宾语作为保留宾语,或变为介词宾语,作状语。
虚拟语气,被动语态详解
虚拟语气,被动语态详解1 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类⑴、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如:①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗?③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊!⑵、祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如:①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
⑶、虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如:①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功!虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。
让我们就从最简单的开始吧。
第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。
如:⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运!⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐!⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就!⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
英语的虚拟语气知识点讲解
英语的虚拟语气知识点讲解一、虚拟语气的概念。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,表示所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、推测或与事实相反的情况等。
二、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法。
1. 与现在事实相反。
- 条件从句的谓语动词用一般过去式(be动词一般用were),主句的谓语动词用“should/would/could/might + 动词原形”。
- 例如:If I were you, I would take an umbrella.(实际上我不是你)2. 与过去事实相反。
- 条件从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”,主句的谓语动词用“should/would/could/might+have +过去分词”。
- 例如:If he had taken my advice, he would have passed the exam.(实际上他没听我的建议,也没通过考试)3. 与将来事实相反。
- 条件从句的谓语动词有三种形式:一般过去式、“should+动词原形”、“were to+动词原形”,主句的谓语动词用“should/would/could/might +动词原形”。
- 例如:If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, we would not go out.三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。
1. wish后的宾语从句。
- 表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用一般过去式(be动词用were)。
例如:I wish I were a bird.(实际上我不是鸟)- 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。
例如:Iwish I had seen the film yesterday.(实际上昨天没看这部电影)- 表示与将来事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
例如:I wish I could fly to the moon tomorrow.2. 在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的动词后的宾语从句中(如suggest, advise, demand, require, order等)- 从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
初中语法复习被动语态与虚拟语气
初中语法复习被动语态与虚拟语气初中语法复习:被动语态与虚拟语气在初中英语学习中,被动语态和虚拟语气是两个需要重点掌握和复习的语法知识点。
本文将介绍被动语态和虚拟语气的基本概念、构成方式以及在实际运用中的注意事项。
一、被动语态(Passive Voice)被动语态是英语中常用的一种语态形式,用来描述动作或者状态施加于主语而产生的结果。
在被动语态中,动作的承受者成为主语,而动作的执行者则变成介词"by"加上执行者。
被动语态的构成方式为:被动助动词 + 过去分词。
被动语态的使用需要注意以下几点:1. 当强调动作的承受者时,使用被动语态:例如:The book was written by Tom.(这本书是汤姆写的。
)2. 当不知道或者不重要动作的执行者时,使用被动语态:例如:The window was broken.(窗户被打破了。
)3. 当描述自然法则或者客观情况时,使用被动语态:例如:Water is heated at 100 degrees Celsius.(水在100摄氏度被加热。
)二、虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)虚拟语气是英语中用来表达假设、愿望、建议、要求等非真实情况的一种语气形式。
虚拟语气的构成方式多种多样,下面将介绍几种常见的虚拟语气用法。
1. 虚拟语气用于假设情况下:当表达与现实事实相反的假设情况时,通常使用"were"代替"was",并配合动词的原型形式。
例如:If I were you, I would study harder.(如果我是你,我会更加努力学习。
)2. 虚拟语气用于愿望或者建议:当表达对现实的愿望或者建议时,使用"should"或者"would"加动词的原型形式。
例如:I wish she would come to my party.(我希望她能来参加我的聚会。
高考英语:写作中的高级表达+妙记11+用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型
妙记11 用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型等在书面表达中都属于高级句式,它们的合理运用都能给文章增色添彩。
一、用英文思维的被动语态英文中被动语态的使用比汉语更多、更普遍。
一般说来,当强调动作的承受者、不必说出动作的执行者或执行者不明确时,多用被动语态。
被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。
所以同学们在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态,以赢得更高的分数。
1.主动语态变被动语态①We can borrow at most five books at a time, and we can keep them for ten days.→At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days.②When we put some waste chemicals into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.→When some waste chemicals are put into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.2.写作中常见的被动语态(1)be+过去分词(be可使用各种时态)①The exhibition will be held from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm the day after tomorrow in the artgallery.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)展览将于后天上午9时至下午5时在美术馆举行。
②Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language.(2014·江苏高考书面表达)当今,越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。
中考被动语态与虚拟语气中的时态与语态转换
中考被动语态与虚拟语气中的时态与语态转换中考英语中,被动语态和虚拟语气是考察的重点之一。
准确理解和掌握时态与语态的转换对于正确运用被动语态和虚拟语气是至关重要的。
本文将探讨中考英语中被动语态和虚拟语气的时态与语态转换。
一、被动语态的时态转换被动语态是描述句子的主语是动作的承受者的一种语态。
在时态转换时,我们要根据主动语态的时态和语态进行转换。
1. 一般现在时的转换一般现在时的被动语态由“am/is/are + 过去分词”构成。
例如,“They clean the classroom every day.”(他们每天清扫教室。
)的被动语态为“They are cleaned by them every day.”(每天都由他们清扫。
)2. 一般过去时的转换一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were + 过去分词”构成。
例如,“She wrote a book last year.”(去年她写了一本书。
)的被动语态为“A book was written by her last year.”(一本书去年被她写了。
)3. 一般将来时的转换一般将来时的被动语态由“will + be + 过去分词”构成。
例如,“They will build a new house.”(他们将建造一座新房子。
)的被动语态为“A new house will be built by them.”(一座新房子将被他们建造。
)4. 现在进行时的转换现在进行时的被动语态由“am/is/are + being + 过去分词”构成。
例如,“He is painting the wall now.”(他正在刷墙。
)的被动语态为“The wallis being painted by him now.”(墙正在被他刷。
)5. 过去进行时的转换过去进行时的被动语态由“was/were + being + 过去分词”构成。
例如,“They were cleaning the house yesterday.”(昨天他们正在打扫房间。
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时间
状态
现在
过去 将来
一 般 am is asked are was asked were
} }ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
进 行 am being is are asked was being were asked
完 have has
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been asked
had been asked shall will
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5. If his uncle were / was (be) still alive, he would be a _________ hundred years old today. 6. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ had driven (drive) a few more kilometers. ______________________ 7. If you were to come tomorrow, I might / should / would have (have) time to see you. 8. You would be (be) much better now if you had taken my _______ advice. 9. What would you do if you saw (see) an injured bird? ____
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例 句 People consume over 40,000,000 cases of tomato juice. → Over 40,000,000 cases of tomato juice are consumed. 人们消费的番茄汁超过了4 000万箱。 The message was passed from person to person until it reached the front of the bus. 消息从一个人传到另一个人,一直传到公共汽车的前部。
Indians found the first tomatoes growing wild in Peru and Ecuador thousands of years ago. → The first tomatoes were found growing wild by Indians in Peru and Ecuador thousands of years ago. 最早的番茄是 几千年前印第安人在秘鲁和厄瓜多尔发现的野生番茄。 The student was called Clever Hans. 学生名叫聪明的汉斯。 They looked after the children well. →The children were well looked after. 孩子们受到悉心的照料。 The meeting has been put off till next week. 会议已被推迟到下周。
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Grammar Review
非真实性条件句(The Subjunctive Mood) 虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的愿望、假设、 怀疑、猜测、建议等。虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在 的事实。在非真实性条件句中,假设的条件与事实相反,或 实现的可能性很小,或讲话人主观上对此表示怀疑,谓语动 词使用虚拟语气。
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构 成 说 明 相反,主句中的情况 与过去的事实相反时, if从句的谓语动词用一 般过去时,主句的谓 语动词用should, would, could, might 等 加动词完成时。
例
句
If the doctor had been called earlier, she would still be alive today. 要是当时早一点去请医生的话, 她今天仍然会活着。 (从句中用过去完成时,表示事 实与过去相反;主句用过去时, 表示事实与现在相反。)
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构 成 说 明 2. 表示与过去事实相反, if 从句的谓语动词用过 去完成时,主句的谓语 动词用should, would, could, might 等加动词 完成时。
例
句
If I had been without you, I should never have got a ticket. 要是没有你,我决不会弄到一张 票的。 If I had known how difficult the job was, I wouldn’t have taken it. 我当时要是知道这项工作有多么 困难,我就不会接受它了。
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构 成 说 明 3. 表示与将来事实相反, if从句的谓语动词用 were to + V,主句的 谓语动词用would等加 动词原形。
例
句
If she were to try harder, she would pass the examination. 如果她再努力些,她会通过考试 的。 If the police were to catch him, he’d spend at least seven years in prison. 如果警察捉住他,他至少要蹲7年 监狱。
They gave her a prize. → She was given a prize. 她被授奖。 Xiao Li was taught English by his brother. 小李的英语是他哥哥教的。
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用
法
例
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3. SVOC(主-动宾-宾-补)句型 转换为被动句 时,原句中的 宾语补语就成 为主语补语。 4. 短语动词转换为 被动态时,通常 被看作是一个动 词,后面的介词 或副词不能拆开 或省略。
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6. They found him innocent of all charges. was found innocent of all charges He ______________________________________. 7. I have told you the truth. have been told the truth You ____________________. 8. Tom will send you my report. will be sent to you by Tom My report _____________________________ . 9. People speak English almost all over the world. is spoken almost all over the world English ______________________________________. 10. You have to pay a fine if you don’t return the books to the library on time or renew (续借) them before they are due. are not returned to the to be paid A fine has ___________ if the books ________________________ library on time or renewed before they are due ____________________________________________________.
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2013年11月13日星期三
Complete each of the following sentences with the correct form of the verb given.
____ 1. If I were (be) you, I would reconsider their proposal. 2. It’s good that Tom reminded me about the party. I _________________ would have forgotten (forget) if he hadn’t mentioned it. 3. If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t have failed (not fail) ________________ the examination. 4. I’d have sent you a postcard while I was on holiday if I _____________ (have) your address. had had(’d had)
shall will
}
be asked be asked
}
have been asked
过去 将来
should would
}
should have been would asked
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}
2013年11月13日星期三
被动语态的用法
用 法 1. 把SVO(主动-宾)句型的 主动句转换成 被动句,原句 中的宾语作被 动句的主语。 2. 把SVoO(主动-间宾-直宾) 的主动句转换 成被动句,常 用原句中的间 接宾语作被动 句中的主语。
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2013年11月13日星期三
构 成 说 明 4. 从句中的情况与过去 的事实相反,主句中 的情况与现在事实相 反时,if 从句的谓语动 词用过去完成时, 主 句的谓语动词用should, would, could, might 等 加动词原形;从句中 的情况与现在事实