英语新闻报道的结构
Structure of English News__ Reporting
Structure of English News Reporting (英语新闻报道的结构)1 What makes news?（新闻的构成特点）---- proximity 接近性，地域性----- prominence 重要性，显著性-----timeliness 及时性，实效性-----impact 影响，效果-----conflict and controversy 冲突和争议性-----uniqueness 独特性---human interest 人情味（报纸杂志新闻中）2 the components of news英语新闻报道在写作形式上和中文新闻报道可以说完全不一样，通常采用“倒金字塔”结构，即新闻写作按照新闻事件的重要性依次排列。
A news story may include:（1）Headline 标题（4）Dateline 电头(可省略)（2）Lead 导语（3）The body 主体（5）The closing paragraph （可省略）Most news stories have a very clear style. They give the main points at the top in the headline and the lead paragraph. The body of the story then adds details, statements and comments from people involved in the story, plus any background the writer feels in necessary.3 Headline (大写标题) （Phrase headline；Sentence headline）揭示新闻内容的简明醒目的文字,是新闻内容的概括U.S. ATTACKED (from New York Times)A Day of Terror (Washington Post)Day of Terror (The Dallas Morning News)Terror Strikes Heart of US (From China Daily)A headline is a sentence, phrase, word, or group of words set in large, bold type on a newspaper front page or above a body of text on any page of a newspaper or magazine. The purpose of a headline is to attract attention and usually to encourage the reading of the following copy. Headlines may be written in bold, and are written in a much larger size than the article text. Headline conventions include normally using present tense, omitting forms of the verb “to be” in certain contexts, and removing short articles like “a” and “the”.Headlines pack a great deal of information into a limited space, so a good headline is usually simple and direct.France boosting U.N. troops--- France will send a total of 2,000 soldiers for the UN peacekeeping force in Lebanon.Air marshals to casual------- Air marshal will be allowed to dress the way they want.(1) Sentence headlines and phrase headlinesThere are two types of headlines. Some news stories use sentence headlines while others are shortened by omitting certain words.Sentence headlines:Apple Recalls Laptop BatteriesFrance Will Send Troops To Southern LebanonPluto’s demotion rocks our worldFire damages a famous landmark in Russia9 Die in Hostage CrisisChina revises criminal law1/2 disagree inheritance taxPhrase headlines:New Call For Ban On Junk Food AdsExtinction of 31 Bird Species PreventedArmy Reviewing Casualty ReportsA Thaw between India and ChinaPlastic Surgeries Urged 整容手术受鼓励(2) The function of news headlines: hint, lead attract, beautify提示（hint）、导向（lead）、吸引（attract）、美化（beautify）（3）Grammatical and lexical characteristics of news headlinesEllipsis; tense; voice; abbreviations and acronyms; extensive use of nouns and midget words; punctuation; rhetoric devicesA Ellipsis(省略)A headline may------ omit articles (a, an, the) as much as possible------ omit the verb “to be” wherever possible----- omit the auxiliary verbs-----omit the possessive pronouns------ omit the conjunctions, e.g. andPlane Crash Kills 18 on board (A plane crash kills 18 on board)Forecast of Turkey earthquake accurate(The forecast of Turkey earthquake is accurate)China, France set up partnership(China and France set up partnership)China: an Engine for RecoveryEgypt to turn desert into parks (Egypt is to turn desert into parks)Global environmental protection to be discussed in London (Global environmental protection is to be discussed in London)Lushan (is) listed on World HeritageSuccessful launching (is) applaudedJapan’s run for UN (is) criticized人称代词和语法引导词的省略Teenager kills (his) father(Is there) cure for cancer?B Tense (时态)Most headlines use the present tense despite the fact that they generally describe past events. The present tense gives the subject a sense of freshness and immediacy, making it more interesting to read. It can give prominence to the happened event, shortening the distance between the readers and the reading object. The present tense used in press i s called “journalistic present tense ”（1）Killer bees injure 60 at burialMexico city-killer bees disrupted the burial of a man in the western Mexican state of Nayarit on Tuesday and stung 60 people, official news agency Notimex reported…….(2) Iran arrests 98 policemenTeheran-Iranian security forces have arrested 98 policemen for their role in a brutal raid on a student dormitory which led to riots in the capital last month, Iran’s police chief said in remarks published yesterday……(3) PLA speeds technical innovationThe Chinese army is developing new technology for its battle tanks to allow them to go through water to improve their use as assault vehicles.(4) Charity party raises RMB 130mBut when the time of the action or event is given, or when the writer wants to convey a special affection, the past tense is sometimes used.Oil Price Soared 20% in OctoberChang Hsueh-liang passed away in USIn phrase headlines, infinitives are sometimes used to indicate a future action or event and present participles used to indicate an action or event that is under wayMore rural Chinese to benefit(will benefit) from basic living allowance systemEurope to send(will send) thousands of troops to Lebanon（1）Efforts to promote standard ChineseChina has launched a survey on the utilization of the Chinese language and characters across the country in an effort to promote the use of standard Chinese, or Putonghua.Arafat to meet opposition leaderRamallah. West Bank-Palestinian President Yasser Arafat will hold reconciliation talks this month with a leader of the Damascus-based radical group, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), a DFLP official said.Success of Tokyo will benefit HKHONG KONG (Xinhua)---- Hong Kong will benefit from the emergence of Tokyo as a financial centre in Asia, said a senior vice president of the Bank of America.(2) Promoting high-techBeijing customs is taking active steps to promote Zhongguancun High-tech development area. East Asia’s tourism recovering from crisisMANILA (Xinhua)---- After being severe ly hit by a financial crisis, East Asia’s tourism industry is beginning to pick up, and the pace is expected to quicken in the months ahead with the regional economy continuously turning around.C Voice (语态)一般来说，英文报纸标题偏于采用主动语态，。
新闻报道英语作文
新闻报道英语作文格式1.新闻通讯的第一句往往为全文的中心句(topic sentence),因此这个句子中主要讲清what (事件), when (时间), where (地点) 和who (人物),而在下文则要补充事件的过程和细节,往往包括why(目的或原因)和how(具体过程)等。
2.注意新闻类型题材的一些常用语,如It is reported that..., As is reported..., According to the report...; It is estimated that...等。
3.新闻通讯亦为记叙文，时态一般要用过去时，注意句子结构；主句，从句结构要清晰，语言要客观平时，不必追求过分花哨的词汇和过于复杂的句型。
新闻报道英语作文题目与范文一、假设你是一名新闻记者，请根据以下表格信息给英语报社写一篇新闻报道。
【写作内容】A possible version：The H1N1 flu broke out in Mexico in April this year and it has spread quickly to many countries in the world. To our disappointment, by the afternoon on August 30 , 80 confirmed cases of H1N1 flu had been reported in a school in He’nan province,resulting in the fact that all the middle schools there had to delay the new term. Fortun ately, it is estimated by the experts that the death rate of the H1N1 flu virus is lower than 1%, still lower when compared with that of SARS and bird flu. The best way they give the public to prevent it is to wash hands more often,drink more water and have enough sleep.With the help of our government, we believe that we are able to win the battle against the disease.二、大河中学(Dahe High School)近期举行了一次登山活动。
英语新闻倒金字塔结构
英语新闻倒金字塔结构
新闻报道的倒金字塔结构（Inverted Pyramid Structure）是一种常见的新闻写作方式，它将最重要的信息放在文章开头，然后逐渐向下展开，呈现逐渐细节化的内容。
下面是英语新闻倒金字塔结构的基本要点：
1. 标题（Headline）：标题应简明扼要地概括新闻内容，吸引读者的注意力。
2. 引导段（Lead Paragraph）：引导段是新闻报道的开头部分，也是最重要的部分。
它通常回答了谁、什么、在哪里、何时和为什么这些基本问题，并提供了关键信息。
引导段的目的是吸引读者继续阅读。
3. 主体段落（Body Paragraphs）：接下来的几个段落会逐渐展开并提供更多细节。
这些段落按照重要性递减的顺序组织，每个段落都包含一个独立的主题或事件，并提供相关的细节和背景信息。
4. 支撑性细节（Supporting Details）：在主体段落中，逐步提供支撑性细节，如事件的过程、涉及的人物、相关背景信息等。
这些细节有助于读者更好地理解新闻报道的背景和全貌。
5. 结尾段（Conclusion）：新闻报道的结尾段通常是较少重要的细节和背景信息，可以提供一些额外的信息或观点，或总结整个新闻报道。
倒金字塔结构的好处在于它能够迅速传递新闻的核心信息，读者可以通过阅读开头的引导段了解到最重要的内容，即使读者只阅读了开头部分，也能够获取到关键信息。
这种结构也适合于新闻报道的编辑和截取，方便在有限的版面上进行调整。
需要注意的是，倒金字塔结构并非适用于所有类型的新闻报道。
对于某些特定的报道，如故事性报道或调查性报道，可能会采用其他结构和写作方式。
英语新闻报道的结构
lead英语新闻报道的结构
• 硬新闻关系到国计民生以及人们切身利益 的新闻。包括党和国家的重大方针、政策的 制定和改变，时局变化，市场行情，股市涨 落，银根松紧，疾病流行，天气变化，重大 灾难事故等等。这类新闻为人们的政治、经 济、工作、日常生活的决策提供依据。
• Soft news is a term for all the news that isn’t time-sensitive（时效性）, including profiles of
• This upside down triangle serves as a guide for how you include information in the story.
• Using the inverted pyramid means starting with the most important information, then giving the next most important information and so on.
• DENVER, Colorado (AP) A lightning strike at a golf course driving range Saturday killed a man and injured his 16-year-old son, a fire department spokeswoman said
A. Identify news categories
• the nature of the reported events 1. hard news 2. soft news
• Hard news is how journalists refer to news of the day. It is a chronicle of current events / incidents and is the most common type of news printed on the front page of a typical newspaper.
新闻英语写作结构
新闻英语写作结构
1.标题（Headline）：标题是新闻的第一眼吸引读者的部分，要简洁
明了，能够概括新闻要点并引发读者的兴趣。
2.导语（Lead）：导语是新闻开篇的几句话，用来引导读者进入新闻
的主题和内容。
导语通常包括新闻的最关键、最重要的信息，要简洁明了，展示新闻的独特价值。
3.正文（Body）：正文是新闻报道的主要内容，包括了事件经过、相
关细节、见解和观点等。
正文需要遵循倒三角原则，即先交代最重要的信息，然后逐步展开，最后补充次要细节。
4.引用（Quote）：引用是新闻中的直接引述，用来展示新闻事件的
各方观点和陈述。
引用要准确、客观，不对原意进行扭曲或歪曲。
5.背景（Background）：背景部分是对新闻事件的背景信息进行阐述，包括相关历史、政治、经济、文化等方面的背景知识。
背景信息有助于读
者对新闻事件有更全面的了解和认知。
7.注脚（Footnote）：注脚部分是对新闻中的一些专有名词、术语、
数据等进行解释和注解的地方，帮助读者更好地理解新闻内容。
除了以上基本结构，新闻英语写作还需要遵循以下一些原则：
2.客观性（Objectivity）：新闻报道应该客观中立，不带个人偏见
和立场，尽量以客观的角度呈现事件，让读者自行判断。
3.简洁性（Conciseness）：新闻报道要简洁明了，避免冗长的叙述
和重复的表达。
语言要简练、清晰，让读者能够迅速理解新闻内容。
4.新闻价值（News Value）：新闻报道应该具有一定的新闻价值，即能够引发读者的兴趣和关注。
新闻价值包括时效性、接近性、冲突性、人情味等方面。
英语新闻报道的结构PPT课件
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• 软新闻：人情味较浓的社会新闻（社会花 边新闻、娱乐新闻、体育新闻、服务性新闻 等），形式上通俗，注重趣味性。它没有明 确的时间界定，多属于延缓性新闻，无时间 的紧迫性。它和人们的切身利益无多大关 系，向受众提供娱乐、开阔眼界、增长知 识、陶冶情操。
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• the content of the reported events
2. News is anything timely that interests a number of persons, and the best news is that which has the greatest interest of the greatest number. 凡是及时的、能引起一部分人兴趣的东西, 便是新 闻。而最好的新闻则是那种能够激起最大多数人最 大兴趣的东西。
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• the issuing medium of the reported events
e.g. print news, broadcast news, TV news, online news, etc.
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B. Identify news styles
There are mainly four news styles which are (1) news reporting (消息报道 ) (2) feature (特写) (3)editorial (社论) (4)advertisement (广告)
英语新闻倒三角结构范文
英语新闻倒三角结构范文英语新闻通常采用倒三角结构，也称为倒金字塔结构，其特点是将最重要的信息首先呈现，然后按照重要性递减的顺序逐步展开。
以下是一篇符合倒三角结构的英语新闻范文：Major Earthquake Hits California, Causing Widespread DamageA powerful earthquake rocked California early morning today, causing significant damage and leaving residents in shock. The tremor, measured at a magnitude of 7.4 on the Richter scale, struck at approximately 3:45 a.m. local time.The epicenter of the earthquake was located near the town of San Juan, where several buildings collapsed and roads were severely damaged. Initial reports indicate that several injuries have been reported, but no fatalities have been confirmed at this time.Emergency services are on the scene, working to rescue trapped residents and provide medical assistance to the injured. The Red Cross has also set up shelters for those displaced by the disaster.The earthquake has disrupted power supplies in several areas, and phone lines are also down in some parts of the region. Officials are urging residents to stay indoors and avoid damaged areas until further notice.The National Earthquake Information Center is monitoring the situation and expects aftershocks to continue in the coming hours. Residents are advised to remain vigilant and prepared for further tremors.This earthquake is the latest in a series of seismic events that have occurred in California in recent years, highlighting the need for continued vigilance and preparation for such disasters.这篇新闻首先以标题突出了最重要的信息——加利福尼亚州发生大地震。
英语报道格式
英语新闻报道的格式通常遵循一定的结构，以确保信息清晰、准确和易于理解。
以下是一个基本的英语新闻报道格式：
1. 标题（Headline）：标题应该简洁、吸引人，并概括报道的主要内容。
2. 日期（Date）：在标题下方或旁边注明报道的日期。
3. 导语（Lead Paragraph）：导语应概述整篇报道的核心内容，引导读者继续阅读。
4. 背景（Background）：提供与报道主题相关的背景信息，帮助读者更好地理解事件或趋势。
5. 主体（Body）：详细阐述报道的主要内容，包括事件的时间、地点、人物、经过和结果等。
6. 结尾（Conclusion）：总结报道的主要观点或提出建议，也可以提供一些与报道相关的额外信息或引用。
7. 引用（Quotes）：在报道中引用相关人士的话语，以增加报道的可信度和说服力。
8. 附加信息（Additional Information）：可以提供一些与报道相关的补充资料或链接，以便读者深入了解。
需要注意的是，具体的格式可能因不同的媒体机构或报道类型而有所差异。
因此，在实际写作中，最好遵循目标媒体的格式要求或咨询相关编辑人员。
英语新闻报道的语篇结构和文体特征
英语新闻报道的语篇结构和文体特征
英语新闻报道的语篇结构一般包括标题、导语（也称引语）、正文、结语（也称尾语）和附注等几个部分。
其中，标题起着概括主题和引起读者兴趣的作用；导语用来简要介绍新闻事件的背景和重要性；正文是新闻报道的主要内容，通常按照时间或主题分段，每段包括一个主题句和若干个支持句，以此展开细节和分析；结语用来总结新闻事件的影响和发展趋势；附注用来提供一些相关信息或注释。
英语新闻报道的文体特征主要包括客观性、简洁性和准确性。
新闻报道应以客观、中立的态度进行，避免主观情感和价值观的干扰，力求真实、全面、客观地反映事实。
同时，新闻报道要求语言简洁明了，避免冗长和复杂的句子结构，以易于理解和传播为主要考虑。
此外，新闻报道的准确性也是非常重要的，需要经过多次核实和验证，确保信息的正确性和可靠性。
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新闻英语写作结构
新闻英语写作结构
1. 标题（Headline）：标题应简洁明确，能够准确地概括新闻内容，吸引读者阅读的兴趣。
通常可以借助特写字或粗体字等方式进行突出。
标
题可分为主标题和副标题，主标题一般位于较显著的位置，副标题则附加
于主标题之后，为主题提供进一步的解释或背景信息。
2. 导语（Lead）：导语是新闻的开篇部分，也是最能吸引读者注意
的内容之一、导语应简明扼要地概括新闻要点，并引起读者的兴趣，使读
者能够快速了解新闻的重点内容。
导语通常包括5W1H（Who, What, When, Where, Why, How）的要素。
3. 正文（Body）：正文是对新闻事件进行详细报道的部分。
正文应
按照重要性和新闻价值进行组织，通常采用倒金字塔式写作结构，即将最
重要的信息放在开头，按照重要程度逐渐减小。
每个段落应包含一个独立
的主题，并通过事实和证据进行支撑。
4. 结尾（Conclusion）：结尾对新闻事件进行总结性陈述，重申新
闻的重要性或对未来可能发展的预测。
结尾部分可以对新闻事件进行评论、引用专家观点、强调新闻的影响等。
需要注意的是，在新闻英语写作中，一些重要的原则也需要遵循，例
如准确性、客观性、简洁明了等。
此外，写作时也应尽量避免使用复杂的
句子结构和术语，以确保读者能够容易理解和接受新闻内容。
总之，新闻英语写作结构需要具备简洁明了的标题、吸引人的导语、
详实的正文、总结性的结尾，并配以明确的署名，以达到准确传达新闻信息、吸引读者、提供重要内容的目的。
新闻英语写作结构分析解析
• 新闻报道的基本结构： • headline、lead、body、 • dateline(位于标题下，报纸写明的发稿日 期及地址)、byline（位于标题下，署名）
• 新闻写作由于记者写作风格不同，文体结构无定格。但大 体上说新闻文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、正文三部分 组成。 • 标题（headline）：浓缩概括全文的中心实质问题。 用来说明消息内容，通常以醒目的文字出现在消息之上的 简短文字，能简明扼要地向读者揭示新闻的主要内容，使 其在最短的时间内获取最多的信息。 • 导语（lead or introduction）：通常为文章的第一段。 文章的第一段提供主要话题和最主要的事实。它是新闻文 体区别于其他文体的特有概念。通常包含5W和1H. • 正文（body）：在导语的基础上，引入更多的与主题 相关的事实，使之更加详实、具体，并展开评论，进而得 出结论。
• • • • • • • •
Healthcare 医疗保健 grievance 抱怨，委屈 Soaring 高耸的，不断上升的 asset 资产 Medical care 医疗护理 property财产，所有权 Commercialization 商品化 respondent应答者 Outweigh 超过，胜过 incline to 趋向，倾向于 Inflation 通货膨胀 ascribe to 归因于 The State Statistics Bureau 国家统计局 The All-China Federation of Trade Unions 中华 全国总工 hype 大肆宣传 • Civil Affairs 民政局 premiere 首映 • Negligible 微不足道的 tot up 合计 • Pension system 退休金制度
英语报道作文格式
英语报道作文格式1、新闻要素：不可忽略5W1H。
（Who、What、When、Where、Why、How）2、新闻构成：题、文、图、表。
3、题：简要、突出、吸引人。
4、文：导语100至200字：开宗明义，人事时地物。
5、主体300至500字：深入浅出，阐扬主旨。
6、结语100字：简洁有力，强调该新闻的意义与影响，或预告下阶段活动。
7、图：视需要加入有助于读者理解的图片。
8、表：视需要加入有助于读者理解的表格。
9、写作要律：具有新闻价值、正确的格式、动人的标题。
简洁切要的内容、平易友善的叙述、高度可读性、篇幅以1至2页为宜（一页尤佳）。
写作技巧：清晰简洁、段落分明、使用短句、排版清爽。
切忌偏离事实、交代不清、内容空洞。
一篇好的新闻稿除了必须具有新闻价值、把握主诉求与正确的格式外，行文应力求简洁切要，叙述应有事实基础，文稿标题则以简要、突出、吸引人为原则，用字要避免冷僻艰深，以提高文稿的可读性。
此外，篇幅也不宜长篇大论，一般以1至2页为原则，必要时可以加入图表，增加文稿的专业性，切忌内容空洞、语意不清、夸大不实。
倒金字塔结构是绝大多数客观报道的写作规则，被广泛运用到严肃刊物的写作中，同时也是最为常见和最为短小的新闻写作叙事结构。
内容上表现在在一篇新闻中，先是把最重要、最新鲜、最吸引人的事实放在导语中，导语中又往往是将最精彩的内容放在最前端；而在新闻主体部分，各段内容也是依照重要性递减的顺序来安排。
犹如倒置的金字塔，上面大而重，下面小而轻。
此种写作方式是目前媒体常用的写作方式，亦即将新闻中最重要的消息写在第一段，或是以“新闻提要”的方式呈现在新闻的最前端，此种方式有助于媒体编辑下标题，亦有助于阅听人快速清楚新闻重点。
基本格式（除了标题）是：先在导语中写一个新闻事件中最有新闻价值的部分（新闻价值通俗来讲就是新闻中那些最突出，最新奇，最能吸引受众的部分），比如一场球赛刚刚结束，观众/读者/听众们最想知道的是结果，或者是某个球员的发挥情况，就先从这里写起。
英语新闻知识
Structure of the News Report 新闻报道的结构The inverted pyramid(倒金字塔法) & the chronological style（时间顺序法）绝大多数的新闻都会采取倒金字塔法，这种结构的特点是按新闻内容的重要性递减的顺序安排全文段落：将最重要、最精彩、最吸引人的事实放在最前面，一般称为导语；其次的放在后面，依次排列，最次要的置于末尾。
The inverted pyramid is a metaphor used by journalists and other writers to illustrate the placing of the most important information first within a text. It is the most widely preferred method in writing news stories.The "inverted" or upside-down"pyramid" can be thought of as a simple triangle with one side drawn horizontally at the top and the body pointing down. The widest part at the top represents the most substantial, interesting, and important information the writer means to convey, illustrating that this kind of material should head the article, while the tapering lower portion illustrates that other material should follow in order of diminishing importance. It is sometimes called a "summary news lead" style.The format is valued because readers can leave the story at any point and understand it, even if they don't have all the details. It also allows less important information at the end to be more easily removed by editors so the article can fit a fixed size.Other styles are also used in news writing, including the "anecdotal lead," which begins the story with an eye-catching tale or anecdote rather than the central facts; and the Q&A, or question-and-answer format.'Who,' 'when', 'where', 'what' and 'how' are addressed in the first paragraph. As the article continues, the less important details are presented. An even more pyramid-conscious reporter or editor would move two additional details to the first two sentences: That the shot was to the head, and that it was expected to prove fatal. The transitional sentence about the Grants suggests that less-important facts are being added to the rest of the story.News Lead 新闻导语The structure of the news from VOA generally consists of the news lead, body, and the background information, in which the first two parts are necessary. News lead is the first sentence in each piece of news, the key sentence that domains the whole news and conveys important information.新闻导语的特点是简明扼要，突出要素，大都会交代人物who、时间when、地点where、事件what，关于时间的前因后果why/how放在导语后，即本体中作进一步报道。
英语新闻稿格式
If you insist, you will shine. Time is an invincible weapon. It can gather arms and sand into towers, making theimpossible in life possible.同学互助一起进步（页眉可删）英语新闻稿格式英语新闻稿格式【1】新闻写作由于记者写作风格不同，文体结构无定格。
但大体上说新闻文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、正文三部分组成。
标题(headline)：浓缩概括全文的中心实质问题。
正文(body)：在导语的基础上，引入更多的与主题相关的事实，使之更加详实、具体，并展开评论，进而得出结论。
在此我们以消息为例，详细分析一下它的基本结构。
消息类新闻属于“硬新闻”，是广泛采用的一种新闻体裁。
消息报道中的导语十分重要，它位于第一段或第一、二段。
通过它点出新闻的主题，这是消息这种新闻文体区别于其它文体的一个重要特征。
五个W和一个H(When? Where? Who? What? Why? 和How?)是构成一则完整消息不可缺少的要素。
直接的消息报道或纯消息报道一般采用“倒金字塔形式”(the Inverted Pyramid Form)，其特点是按新闻报道最重要的`五个W和一个H头重脚轻地安排材料，把新闻的高潮和结论放在最前面的导语里，然后以事实的重要性递减的顺序来安排(in the order of descending importance)材料。
在报纸、广播、电视等新闻媒体每天刊载和播发的新闻中，百分之九十是用倒金字塔结构写成的。
对于报纸来说，倒金字塔结构的新闻有自己的优势。
主要是可以使读者很快得到新闻的精华部分;在生活节奏越来越快的今天，一般读者很少把一条新闻从头到尾读完，他们可能随时放下报纸，因此，报纸有必要让读者首先读到最重要的新闻内容。
为了帮助读者了解这种倒金字塔式结构，请见西方新闻学著作中的图表说明：The Inverted Pyramid FormIntroduction containing most important or most interesting information 导语(包括最重要或最吸引人的消息)为了帮助读者了解这种倒金字塔式结构，请见西方新闻学著作中的图表说明：The Inverted Pyramid FormIntroduction containing most important or most interesting information 导语(包括最重要或最吸引人的消息)首先要注意消息报道导语(第一段)里的“电头”(dateline)“FILADELFIA, Colombia(AP)”即“美联社发自哥伦比亚费拉达菲亚的消息”。
英语新闻报道的结构
英语新闻报道的结构一.新闻标题HEADLINE标题短而精，不好懂。
但标题是理想的“向导”它是新闻内容的集中和概括，用简练的语言浓缩新闻中最主要或最值得关注的内容。
使读者尽量“一见钟情”。
In short, it has 4 functions:1. Summarizing the story2. Arousing the reader`s interest3. Beautifying the newspaper page4. Indicating how much importance each news item has(一)标题的类型（省略、时态、语态）英语新闻标题可按形式与意义进行分类。
根据形式分类1.左齐头式标题（Flush Left Headline）IMFWillHaveSay2.通栏式标题（Banner Headline）又叫做头号大标题House Passes Obama Plan to Cut Taxes3．阶梯式标题（Drop Form Headline）形态美观，赏心悦目F．B．I. Agrees to CeaseIts Illegal SurveillanceOf the Research Institute4．倒金字塔式标题（Inverted Pyramid Headline）Factory WalkoutThreat OverSacking5. 双标题\复合式标题(Double Headline)此类标题通常出现在对重大事件的报道中，其形式为两行标题，有主标题与副标题。
Example 1：Expected to go to USCastro to Free Thousands of PrisonersExample 2：It Isn`t the Cow That Are MadIt`s the People That Are Going Mad6．转页式标题（Jump Head Headline）Example：Pentagon PlansSystem to FightRussia Satellites(Original)U.S. Plans WeaponAgainst Satellites(Jump Head)根据意义分类直接类标题（Straight Headline）此类标题开门见山，直接告诉我们报道的主题，是最常见的标题形式，也非常易于理解。
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5. If a dog bites a man, it is not news; if a man bites a dog, it's (big) news. 狗咬人并非新闻，人咬狗才是（大）新闻。 ……
News is an account of what is happening around us. It may involve current events, new initiative or ongoing projects or issues. But news is not only about what’s taking place of the day, it also concerns background analysis, opinions, human interest stories, etc.
Who is involved? Who made a scientific discovery? Who’s speaking at a forum? Who made the donation? Who organized the new staff group? (Not just names, but titles and brief backgrounds if necessary.)
• 硬新闻关系到国计民生以及人们切身利益 的新闻。包括党和国家的重大方针、政策的 制定和改变，时局变化，市场行情，股市涨 落，银根松紧，疾病流行，天气变化，重大 灾难事故等等。这类新闻为人们的政治、经 济、工作、日常生活的决策提供依据。
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• Soft news is a term for all the news that isn’t time-sensitive, including profiles of people, programs or organizations, etc.
Why is the story newsworthy? Tell readers why they should care. Who will be affected by this news and how? In other words, what distinguishes the story or event from others? How usually describes the manner in which the action occurs.
e.g. economic news, political news. Sports news, entertainment news, technology news, obituary, etc. • the region of the reported events e.g. international news, domestic news, local news, etc.
• By EMMA ROSS, AP Medical Writer BANGKOK, Thailand-Asia’s bird flu death toll rose to 12 with the announcement Monday of two additional deaths, while China said it suspected the virus has reached poultry in one of its most remote corners • When Monday, • Where Thailand • What Bird flu death toll rose to 12 • Who Thailand and China
• NEW YORK (Reuters Health) Teenagers who spend 3 hours a day or more in front of the television are at risk of developing sleeping problem later in life, new research reports. • Who Teenagers • What Teenagers may develop sleep problems • When Later in their life • How • Spending three hours or more in front of TV
A. Identify news categories
• the nature of the reported events 1. hard news 2. soft news
• Hard news is how journalists refer to news of the day. It is a chronicle of current events / incidents and is the most common type of news printed on the front page of a typical newspaper.
B. The 5 “W’s” and the H News articles, especially a hard news story, always include the essentials—who, what, where, when, why and how. Good news writing attempts to answer all the basic questions about any particular event in the first two or three paragraphs.
3. News is any event, idea or opinion that is timely, that interests or affects a large number of people in a community and that is capable of being understood by them. 新闻是指人们能及时获悉的事件、观点或见解， 它能吸引或影响社会上的许多人，并能为他们所 理解。 4. News is the reporting of anything timely which has importance, use, or interest to a considerable number of persons in a publication audience. 新闻是对任何事物的及时报道，对于读者群体中 的许多人来说，这类报道具有重要性、实用性或 趣味性。
• DENVER, Colorado (AP) A lightning strike at a golf course driving range Saturday killed a man and injured his 16-year-old son, a fire department spokeswoman said • When Saturday • Where At a golf course • Who A man and his son • What Lightning killed the man and injured his son
新闻导语是新闻报道开头的第一段文字，也是最重 要的部分，通常是标题的展开形式，记者必须把新 闻时间的主要情节用一两句化概括在新闻导语的第 一段里。这是新闻报道的精华所在。按照新闻报道 的要求，导语尽可能回答５个Ｗ和一个Ｈ即Ｗhat （何事）、Ｗho（何人）、Ｗhere（何地）、Ｗhy （为何）和Ｈow（如何）。这个观点曾被西方新闻 界视为金科玉律，但是由于新闻导语趋于愈来愈 短，因此，新闻导语现在一般未必包含所有的新闻 要素，而是突出其中最重要的新闻要素，其他要素 可放在以下的段落。
• the issuing medium of the reported events e.g. print news, broadcast news, TV news, online news, etc.
B. Identify news styles
There are mainly four news styles which are
• 软新闻：人情味较浓的社会新闻（社会花 边新闻、娱乐新闻、体育新闻、服务性新闻 等），形式上通俗，注重趣味性。它没有明 确的时间界定，多属于延缓性新闻，无时间 的紧迫性。它和人们的切身利益无多大关 系，向受众提供娱乐、开阔眼界、增长知 识、陶冶情操。
• the content of the reported events
• In a soft news story , however , the lead should present the subject of the story by allusion (暗示; 引喻 ) . This type of opening is somewhat literary (文学的 ). Like a novelist (小说家) , the role of the writer is to grab the attention of the reader.
What is the nature of the news story or event? Is it about a scientific discovery, an economic conference, a delivered speech, a heavy flood or casualty in the Middle East? Where is the news or event taking place? When will (or did) the event take place? What time and date is the event, or when will someone be available for an interview if needed?