英语各句子成分

the countryside. • It is the reason why he didn’t go to school. • I like the village where I spent my childhood.
状语
adverbial
一、时间状语 She is to be married next month. 她预定在下个月 结婚。 I’ll meet you at 4 o’clock. 我将在4点钟和你见面。 A lot of students missed my lecture yesterday. 昨 天许多学生误了我的课。
六、目的状语 They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 He stood aside for her to pass. 他靠边站让她过 去。 He cupped his ear to hear better. 他的手捂着耳 朵，以便听得更清楚。
七、条件状语 Can you see without your glasses? 你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗？ United, we stand；divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。 With more money I would be able to buy it. 钱多一点的话，我就买得起。
三、名词定语
The boy needs a ball pen. The woman doctor is my mother.
四、副词定语
The boy there needs a pen. The best boy here is Tom. Read the paragraph below. We had to get off and take the bus behind.
二、名词 At the meeting we elected him monitor. At the meeting we elected him a new monitor. I think your brother a clever boy.
The rumor proved false. The search proved difficult. His plan turned out a success.
同位语
appositive
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother’s. He told me that his brother John was a worldfamous doctor. We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
十二、比较状语 Lesson Two is not as difficult as Lesson One. Our class is bigger than yours.
十三、评注性状语 To be honest, I don’t like him at all. 老实说，我根本不喜欢他。 Generally speaking, men can run faster than women. 一般说来，男人比女人跑得快一些。 Perhaps it will, perhaps it won’t. 也许会，也许不会。
主语、谓语、宾语
subject
predicate
object
direct object (直接宾语) indirect object (间接宾语）
主语
谓语 宾语
The pretty girl sings songs on the stage
every Sunday.
Mum bought my sister a present. 间接宾语 直接宾语
二、持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, stand。
He always kept silent at meeting. This matter remains a mystery. I can't stay awake any longer. The house stands empty for a long time.
英语句子成分
Office of WPS
Professor Laura Amrkhoul,2012
英语的 5 种基本句型
主语+谓语+宾语
一、主语+谓语 二、主语+谓语+宾语 三、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
I give him a book. 四、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
I want you to go with me. 五、主语+系动词+表语
It smells good. She is a teacher.
英语的 8 大句子成分
主语：subject 谓语：predicate 宾语：object
direct object (直接宾语) indirect object (间接宾语）
定语：attributive 状语：adverbial 补语：object complement 表语：predicative 同位语：appositive
三、表像系动词
用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。
He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.
四、感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。
This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet.
八、让步状语 For all his money, he’s a very lonely man. 他虽然富有，可是非常寂寞。 Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill. 卡洛尔尽管感到不舒服仍去上了班。
九、程度状语 I don’t like coffee very much. 我不太喜欢咖啡。 To a great extent, it is not fair. 在很大程度上，这是不公平的。 The system which is used in this school is very successful. 这个学校所施行的制度是非常成功的。
mother. • We must adapt our thinking to the changed
conditions. • They built a highway leading into the
mountains. • The swimming pool is over there.
七、定语从句 • I like the book that / which Tom is reading. • Henry is the boy who / that is reading a book. • We are helping the man whose car had broken down. • He is the man whom / that I saw yesterday. • I used to play with him in the years when I lived in
十、方式状语 We came on the bus. 我们坐公共汽车来的。 You must pay the bill in cash. 你必须用现金付账。 I watched the game on television. 我在电视上收 看了那场比赛。
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十一、伴随状语 I slept with the window open. 我开着窗睡觉。 She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着 泪水说再见。 He ran up to her breathing heavily. 他气喘吁吁地 跑到她跟前。
五、不定式定语
The boy to write this letter needs a pen. There is nothing to do today. He is the best man to do the job.
六、分词定语 • The smiling boy needs the pen bought by his
补语
object complement
定义：置于宾语之后补充说明宾语 的叫做宾语补语。
一、不定式 Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 We believe him to be guilty. 我们认为他是有罪的。 We made him copy the sentence. He is made to copy the sentence.
四、原因状语 He was surprised at what she said. 听到她说的话， 他很吃惊。 He succeeded by hard work. 他由于努力工作而 成功。 He was sent to prison for robbery. 他因为抢劫而 坐牢。
五、结果状语 He talked his wife into buying a car. 他说服他妻 子买一辆小汽车。 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。
定语
attributive
一、介词短语定语
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. The boy in blue is Tom. There are two boys of 9, and three of 10.
二、形容词定语
所有的形容词，只要后面加名词，都是定语。 She is a beautiful girl. You are all hard-working students.
The sun gives us light and warmth.
间接宾语
直接宾语
表语
predicative
定义：系动词后面的成分叫作表语。
一、状态系动词
用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。
He is a teacher. These desks are yellow. I am all right. We are happy now.
三、方面状语 She is very weak in physics. 她物理很不行。 China is very rich in natural resources. 中国自然 资源丰富。 This is better in every way than that. 这个在哪一 方面都比那个要好。 The bridge is 2500 meters in length and 150 meters in height. 这座桥长2500米，高150米。
五、变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。
He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time.
六、终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证 实”“变成”之意。
二、地点状语 I first met him in Paris. 我初次见到他是在巴黎。
注： 地点状语除表位置外，还可以表“出发”“去向”“距离”等。如：
Are you glad to be going back to school? 返回学 校你感到高兴吗? They lived many miles from the town. 他们住的地 方离镇子好几英里远。