动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气

5.在“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that„„”结构中，主语从句的谓语也用“should+原形动词“表虚拟语气
美国英语中省去should,常用的形容词和过去分词有：
表示“要求”的：
required, demanded, requested, desired。
表示“建议”的：
表示“迫切、紧近、重要”的：
例1：Christiestaredangrilyatherbossandturnedaway,asthough__outoftheoffice.
A. went
B. gone
C. to go
D. would go
[答案]
C. to go
[注释] as though或as if引导的状语从句中,从句主语和主句主语相同时,从句中可省略主语和部分谓语,如：1) She paused, as if to let the painful memories pass. (省略she wanted)2)From time totimeJasonturnedround as though searching for someone. (省略he were)3)Theboystarted,asifawakenedfromsomedream.(省略hewere)由此可见,本题中省略shewanted。
Theoldmanlookedatthepicture,hefeltasthoughhehadgonebacktotime20yearsago.（用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实）
They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+动词原形，表示与将来事实相反)
4.在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气
常用的此类动词有：
表示“要求”的：
ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg
表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：
decide, order
表示“主张”的：
maintain, urge
7)由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order that”引导的条件从句或目的从句，根据情况，可用虚拟语气。（有时也可用陈述语气）
They are willing surrender provided they are given free passage.
IwishIhadn'thurthim so much。
3)用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。其句子结构为宾语从句的结构，谓语为would/could/might+动词原形。例：
2.用在一般虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气
1)表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设
①与现在事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为：
从句：
if+主语+动词的过去式（be变were）+其他
D. had gone
[答案]
C. went
[注释]主语+would rather后接宾语从句,从句中谓语须用虚拟语气：
用一般过去时表示希望现在或将来实现的行为或状态,用过去完成时表示希望过去实现的行为或状态。本题中原因状语从句用一般现在时,暗示希望现在或将来发生的行为动作,故选
C. went。
[译文]我宁愿你乘火车去，因为我无法想象在如此恶劣的天气你呆在飞机里。
③从句表示过去，主句表示将来。
Ifwehadn'tmadequatepreparations,weshouldn'tdaretodotheexperimentnextweek。
④从句表示将来，主句表示现在。
If we shouldn’t have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.
A. could lose
B. would have lost
C. might lose
D. ought to have lost[答案]
B. would have lost
[注释]从句是省略if的虚拟条件句,谓语部分倒装,故主句谓语为would have+过去分词。
[译文]所涉及到的数百万次计算，如果用手工操作，到它们完成时已失去全部实用价值。
例：
If he were to go tomorrow, he might tell you.
2.)从句和主句要根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式
①从句表示过去，主句表示现在。
If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.②从句表示将来，主句表示过去。
imperative, urgent, necessary, essential, important, vital表示“适当、较好”的：
appropriate, advisable, better, preferable
表示“可能”的：
probable, possible
表示“命令”的：
ordered
5)在“Itis（high/about）time+that”引导的定语从句中，定语从句的主谓语用一般过去时，偶尔也可以用would(或should)+动词原形，或had rather (would rather)+动词原形。It is high (about)time that we left/should leave/ had better leave/had rather leave/ wereleaving.(注意与“This is the first/second„time”后从句中用现在完成时的区别。
I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past.
4)用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。
I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stayin China.
例：
It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.It is required that nobody (should)smoke here.
6.由下列名词或短语引导，或含有某些词的从句中应用的虚拟语气
1) “Iest以免、惟恐”引导的从句用“should+动词原形”。
[译文]要不是老百姓的及时投资，我们的公司不会像现在这样兴旺。
例4: The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practicalvalue__ by the time they were finished.
He took a map with him lest he (should ) lose his wag there.
2) “whether不管、无论”引导的让步状语从句，有时用动词原形。
All things, whether you know or don' t know, exist in the world.
表示“同意、坚持”的：
consent, insist
例：
The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.
The advice is that we (should) leave at once.
例5: A safety analysis__ the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was neverdone.
A. would identify
3.可以引起与事实相反的方式状语从句，用虚拟语气;由asif、asthough引起的与事实相反的句子，不论主句的谓语是现在时或者说过去时，其谓语表示的时间概念和句子结构，都基本上与wish后的宾语从句相同。例：
Johnpretendsasifhedidn'tknowthethingatall,butinfactheknowsitverywell.(用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设)
A. Had it not been
B. Were it not
C. Be it not
D. Should it not be
[答案]
A. Had it not been
[注释]本题测试交错时间的虚拟语气。从句是表示过去时间的虚拟条件，if省略，主语it与助动词had倒装。虚拟条件句也可写成这样：
Ifithadnorbeenforthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneral public。这是重点句型，在各类测试中常考。
虚拟语气与习题
1.动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1)用wish表示现在的祝愿和抱歉。
其句子结构为：
宾语从句的谓语be用were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：
Iwishtheywereathome this time.
2)用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
其句子结构为：
宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或could+现在完成时。例：
3)用“would rather/had rather' wouldjust as soon"表示“宁愿、但愿”，后面的宾语从句谓语用过去式或动词原形表示对将来的要求，用过去时表示对现在的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去做的事的懊悔。
Don' t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die.I would rather you go tomorrow.
6)用“without/butfor/intheabsenceof”表示“要不是”，“如果没有”（相当于ifitwerenot for„）表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。（也可用陈述语气）
Without your help, I couldn' t finish my work on time.
In the absence of water and air, nothing could live
[译文]克里斯蒂愤怒地盯了老板一眼并转过身去，似乎想走出办公室。
例2:I'dratheryou__bytrain,becauseIcan'tbeartheideaofyourbeinginairplanein such bad weather.
A. would go
B. should go
C. Βιβλιοθήκη Baiduent
例：
If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam.③表示对将来事实实现的可能性不大的假设。
其句子结构为：
从句：
If+主语+should (were to )+动词原形+其他
主句：
主语+would (could, should, might)+动词原形
8)在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were, had, should,在书面语中可省去if ,将were等提到主语前，形成倒装。
Should there be a good film tomorrow. I would go to the theatre with you.Were it not for your help. I wouldn' t be succeed.
主句：
主语+would(should, could, might)+动词原形+其他
例：
If I were you, I would go with him.
②与过去事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为：
从句：
If+主语+过去完成时+其他
主句：
主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他。