自考商务英语翻译
自考电子商务英语英译汉.doc
电子商务英语英译汉以A开头automatic replenishment .自动再补给apples-to-apples comparison .同类比较automated reports .机器自动生成的报告AT&T electronic statements .AT&T电子结算清单account data .账户数据algorithm .算法availability check .有效性核查approval cycle/channels .受理周期/渠道automotive industry . 汽车工业advertising medium . 广告媒介以B开头business model 商务模式bandwidth .宽带balance sheet .资产负债表；资金平衡表business reengineering .业务重组broadband technology .宽带技术Business unit(BU) .经营单位business process re-engineering(BPR) .过程创新/流程再造business-to-business(B2B) .企业对企业营销模式business-to-consumer(B2C) .企业对客户营销模式brick-and-mortar enterprise .实体企业buy-in .买进brick-and mortar business .现实生活中的商店）Backorder .拖欠订货；延期交货best-price guarantee .最佳价格保障billing department .票据中心buying leverage .购买杠杆back-end integration .后台整合Business-to-business barter . 企业对企业实物交易以C开头customer service 客户服务customer relationship management 客户关系管理customs clearance .清关credit card verification .信用卡鉴别cash-flow .现金周转；现金流量customer relationship management(CRM) .客户关系管理channel effectiveness chart .渠道效率图customer service . 顾客服务commercial suicide .商务自杀；生意自杀customer base .顾客群CyberCash .电子货币公司（网络银行）cataloger .邮购商(公司) chief technology officer(CTO) .首席技术官client .顾客客户customized software .按顾客要求制作的软件customer information .客户信息customers’buying preference .顾客的购物喜好customer support .用户支持customer care .客户关怀cross-sell . 交叉销售customer relations . 客户关系credit card .信用卡cost savings .节约成本centralized system .中央系统；集成系统cross language search engine .跨语言搜索引擎customer loyalty .客户忠诚comsumer protection law .消费者保护法checockout process .结账过程cerate an account .建立账户cash register . 收银机credit card number .信用卡号码consumer market .消费者市场cost-effective and efficient .经济适用以D开头dispute resolution 解决争端distribution channel .分销渠道discounted price .折扣价格database .数据库do the trick .解决问题direct billing .直接结算data collection . 数据收集Database management systems .数据库管理系统directory .姓名地址本database integration .数据库集成domain name .域名data protection laws .数据保护法data ownership .数据所有权以E开头e-business process 电子商务程序electronic billing and payment system 电子兑账和支付系统extranet .企业外联网end user .最终用户earning per share .每股收益enterprisewide .整个企业范围的eCRM .电子商务客户关系管理e-money .电子货币electronic bill presentment and payment(EBPP) .电子账单付兑与支付eProcurement .电子采购ERP software/system .企业资源管理软件/系统enforceable transaction .可执行交易electronic payment . 电子支付electronic signature . 电子签名e-comerce site .电子商务网站e-business space .电子商务商业空间以F开头financial transaction 财务往来final customer .最终客户Federal Express .联邦快递公司follow-up calls售后服务电话field technician .实地技术人员frequently asked questions(FAQ) .经常提到的问题fix the error .更正first-movers .先驱者以G开头global marketplace .全球市场growth rate .增长率以H开头human resources .人力资源holiday revenues .假日收入以I开头Intranet .企业内部互联网Intangible benefit .无形利益information network .信息网information technology(IT).信息技术IP address .IP地址in-house program .内部流程individual spending habits .个人购物习惯；个人消费习惯Internet billing and customer management .因特网结算与客户管理intelligent search engines .智能收缩引擎information retrieval .信息检索image . 图像Image Search Engine .图像搜索引擎information privacy .信息隐私inrellenctuai property .智力资产ineffective error messagees .无效错误信息in vain .徒劳interactive TV .交互式电视(技术以J开头joint venture .合资企业；联合经营以K开头key issues .焦点以L开头local store pricing .当地商店定价Legal counsel .法律顾问legal environment .法律环境legal issue . 法律争端liability risk .责任风险legal intervention .司法干预lost sales .未实现交易以M开头market niche .市场领域multi-media .多媒体market share .市场份额market segmentation .市场分割mail-order operation .通过邮购运作生意的方法mail-order pricing .邮购定价multiple servers .多个服务器marketing .市场营销，销售multilingual searches .多语言搜索maverick purchasing .个性化购买mobile telephony .移动电话技术market share . 市场份额maximum value .最大价值marketing department .营销部门以N开头new economy .新经济net loss .净亏损national catalog .全国的商品目录natural language processor(NLP) . 自然语言处理器neural networks .神经网络node .节点Natural Language Searches .自然语言搜索network economy .网络经济以O开头online marketing 在线营销on-line order .在线订购on-line payment .在线支付online and offline .线上和线下/网上和网下/虚拟和现实Online information .线上信息/网络信息online venturn .网络公司one-time start-up fee . 一次性启动费overhead .营业费用order initialization .订单初始化online seller .在线买方online retailer .网络零售商out of business .破产以P开头profit/loss statement .损益账pro forma .形式发票；估价单planning horizon .规划周期profit margin .利润product return .产品回转privacy policy .保护隐私的措施product description .产品描述product line .产品系列particular file foemat .特殊文件格式prototyoe .原型purchase requisition cycle .购货请购周期purchase order tracking . 订单跟踪potential sales .潜在销售purchase attempts .够没企图passive registration .被动注册place an order .订购以R开头return on investment .投资回报率return rate .退货率real-time communication . 实时交流retrieval and classification technologies .检索和分类技术Rogue/off-contrack buying .非契约购买review and approval process .检查批准流程regulatory risk .管制风险“Return”and “New”customer paths .老顾客和新顾客通道以S开头shipping document 运输单software module.软件模块strategic objective .战略目标search engines .搜索引擎site traffic .站点访问量sales figures .销售金额sales tax .销售税sales projections . 销售预测solution .解决方案sales-force automation software .销售人员自动化软件Statements and payments .结算清单与支付spending analysis .开支分析supply chains .供应链status tracking .状态跟踪sound clip .声音载录site traffic .网络交通shopping cart .购物车shipping method .交货方式smart cards . 智能卡，智能插件；灵便卡以T开头tangible benefit.有形利益；target-market .目标市场timely delivery .及时的送货top seller .最畅销的货品toll-free telephone .免费电话transfer funds .基金转移text documents .文本文件textual information .文本信息trending tools .流行手段telecommunications .电信technology trends .技术趋势transaction platforms .交换平台以U开头up-sell .上行销售以V开头vitual private network(VPN) .虚拟专用网virual world .真实世界value chain .价值链以W开头World-Wide-Web interface万维网接口Web srte .网站Web server .网络服务器Web technology .互联网技术workflow .工作流程web page . 网页winners and losers .赢家和输家以大写开头的EDI.电子数据交换B2B .企业与企业之间B2C .企业与消费者之间Just-In-Time(JIT) .准时生产制；及时供应制URL .统一资源定位器DigiCash .电子现金R&D .研究与开发CEO(Chief Executive Officer) .总裁；首席执行官UPS:United Parcel Service .联合包裹快递公司Metcalf’s Law .麦特卡尔副定律。
自考商务英语信函翻译
offer you woolen carpets with traditional patterns in a variety of colors at prices ranging from $100 to $150 per square foot .These prices are 5% below current wholesale prices.
• 商品编号
品名
上海离岸价格
•
• OR-89-10
罐头橘子
每打11.70美元
• PE-89-09
罐头鸭梨
每打11.30美元
• MU-89-05
罐头蘑菇
每打15.50美元
• AS-89-03
罐头芦笋
每打13.30美元
• FI-89-07
罐头鱼
每打16.40美元
• PO-89-11
罐头猪肉
每打15.60美元
• We are pleased to announce our appointment as exclusive export agent for SHANGHAI CANNED FOOD CORPORATION who is the manufacturer of a complete
line of canned food. Under this arrangement we will now be able to give you the very best service at the lowest direct factory prices.
• Yours faithfully,
• 敬启者， • 我们从纽约的AIG公司得知你方是贵国的主要
出口商。
• 目前，我们有意进口你方的商品，希望寄来产 品目录，样品书，若有可能请寄样品。
自考中英合作商务英语单词必记V、W、Y、Z
自考中英合作商务英语单词必记 V 、 W 、 Y 、 Z V vacancy n. 空缺vacant adj. 空缺的value n./v. 价值,估价valuation n. 价值value-added n. 增加值variable n. 可变物variation n. 变化,变更variety n. 多样化a variety of 多种多样的vary v. 改变,修改VAT Value Added Tax 增值税vendor n. 卖主(公司或个人venture n. 冒险,投机venue n. 地点,集合地点viable adj. 可行的viability n. 可行性vision n. 设想,公司的长期目标vocation n. 行业,职业vocational adj. 行业的,职业的Wwage n. (周工资wage freeze n. 工资冻结warehouse n. 仓库,货栈wealth n. 财富,资源wealthy adj. 富裕的,丰富的welfare n. 福利white-collar 白领阶层white goods n. 如冰箱和洗衣机等用在厨房中的产品 wholesale n./adj./adv. 批发wholesaler 批发商*wind up v. 关闭公司withdraw v. 拿走,收回,退出withdrawal n. 拿走,收回,退出wholesale n./a. 批发;批发的wholesaler n. 批发商work n. 工作working conditions n. 工作条件work-in-progress n. 工作过程workload n. 工作量work order n. (包括原料、半成品、成品的全部存货总量 work station 工作位置*working capital n. 营运资本,营运资金write off v. 取消write-off n. 债务的取消Y*yield n. 有效产量Z*zero defect n. 合格产品*zero inventory n. 零存货。
自考电子商务英语英译汉
电子商务英语英译汉以A 开头automatic replenishment.自动再补给apples-to-apples comparison.同类比较automated reports .机器自动生成的报告AT&T electronic statements .AT&T 电子结算清单account data .账户数据algorithm .算法availability check.有效性核查approval cycle/channels .受理周期/渠道automotive industry . 汽车工业advertising medium.广告媒介以B 开头business model 商务模式bandwidth .宽带balance sheet .资产负债表；资金平衡表business reengineering.业务重组broadband technology .宽带技术Business unit(BU) .经营单位business process re-engineering(BPR).过程创新/流程再造business-to-business(B2B) .企业对企业营销模式business-to-consumer(B2C) .企业对客户营销模式brick-and-mortar enterprise .实体企业buy-in .买进brick-and mortar business .现实生活中的商店）Backorder.拖欠订货；延期交货best-price guarantee .最佳价格保障billing department .票据中心buying leverage .购买杠杆back-end integration.后台整合Business-to-business barter. 企业对企业实物交易以C 开头customer service 客户服务customer relationship management客户关系管理customs clearance.清关credit card verification .信用卡鉴别cash-flow .现金周转；现金流量customer relationship management(CRM) .客户关系管理channel effectiveness chart .渠道效率图customer service . 顾客服务commercial suicide .商务自杀；生意自杀customer base .顾客群CyberCash .电子货币公司（网络银行）cataloger .邮购商(公司) chief technology officer(CTO).首席技术官client .顾客客户customized software .按顾客要求制作的软件customer information .客户信息customers’buying preference.顾客的购物喜好customer support .用户支持customer care .客户关怀cross-sell . 交叉销售customer relations .客户关系credit card .信用卡cost savings .节约成本centralized system .中央系统；集成系统cross language search engine .跨语言搜索引擎customer loyalty .客户忠诚comsumer protection law .消费者保护法checockout process .结账过程cerate an account.建立账户cash register. 收银机credit card number .信用卡号码consumer market .消费者市场cost-effective and efficient .经济适用以D 开头dispute resolution 解决争端distribution channel .分销渠道discounted price .折扣价格database.数据库do the trick .解决问题direct billing .直接结算data collection . 数据收集Database management systems .数据库管理系统directory.姓名地址本database integration .数据库集成domain name .域名data protection laws .数据保护法data ownership.数据所有权以E 开头e-business process 电子商务程序electronic billing and payment system 电子兑账和支付系统extranet .企业外联网end user .最终用户earning per share .每股收益enterprisewide .整个企业范围的eCRM .电子商务客户关系管理e-money .电子货币electronic bill presentment and payment(EBPP).电子账单付兑与支付eProcurement.电子采购ERP software/system .企业资源管理软件/系统enforceable transaction .可执行交易electronic payment. 电子支付electronic signature . 电子签名e-comerce site .电子商务网站e-business space .电子商务商业空间以F 开头financial transaction 财务往来final customer .最终客户Federal Express .联邦快递公司follow-up calls售后服务电话field technician.实地技术人员frequently asked questions(FAQ) .经常提到的问题fix the error .更正first-movers.先驱者以G 开头global marketplace.全球市场growth rate.增长率以H 开头human resources.人力资源holiday revenues.假日收入以I 开头Intranet .企业内部互联网Intangible benefit .无形利益information network .信息网information technology(IT).信息技术IP address .IP 地址in-house program .内部流程individual spending habits .个人购物习惯；个人消费习惯Internet billing and customer management .因特网结算与客户管理intelligent search engines . 智能收缩引擎information retrieval .信息检索image . 图像Image Search Engine .图像搜索引擎information privacy.信息隐私inrellenctuai property .智力资产ineffective error messagees .无效错误信息in vain .徒劳interactive TV.交互式电视(技术以J 开头joint venture.合资企业；联合经营以K 开头key issues .焦点以L 开头local store pricing .当地商店定价Legal counsel .法律顾问legal environment .法律环境legal issue. 法律争端liability risk .责任风险legal intervention.司法干预lost sales .未实现交易以M 开头market niche .市场领域multi-media .多媒体market share .市场份额market segmentation .市场分割mail-order operation .通过邮购运作生意的方法mail-order pricing .邮购定价multiple servers . 多个服务器marketing .市场营销，销售multilingual searches .多语言搜索maverick purchasing .个性化购买mobile telephony.移动电话技术market share . 市场份额maximum value .最大价值marketing department.营销部门以N 开头new economy .新经济net loss .净亏损national catalog .全国的商品目录natural language processor(NLP).自然语言处理器neural networks .神经网络node .节点Natural Language Searches .自然语言搜索network economy.网络经济以O 开头online marketing 在线营销on-line order .在线订购on-line payment .在线支付online and offline.线上和线下/网上和网下/虚拟和现实Online information .线上信息/网络信息online venturn .网络公司one-time start-up fee . 一次性启动费overhead.营业费用order initialization .订单初始化online seller .在线买方online retailer .网络零售商out of business.破产以P 开头profit/loss statement .损益账pro forma .形式发票；估价单planning horizon .规划周期profit margin.利润product return .产品回转privacy policy .保护隐私的措施product description .产品描述product line .产品系列particular file foemat .特殊文件格式prototyoe .原型purchase requisition cycle .购货请购周期purchase order tracking. 订单跟踪potential sales .潜在销售purchase attempts .够没企图passive registration .被动注册place an order.订购以R 开头return on investment .投资回报率return rate .退货率real-time communication . 实时交流retrieval and classification technologies .检索和分类技术Rogue/off-contrack buying .非契约购买review and approval process .检查批准流程regulatory risk.管制风险“Return”and“New”customer paths .老顾客和新顾客通道以S 开头shipping document 运输单software module.软件模块strategic objective .战略目标search engines.搜索引擎site traffic .站点访问量sales figures .销售金额sales tax .销售税sales projections . 销售预测solution .解决方案sales-force automation software.销售人员自动化软件Statements and payments .结算清单与支付spending analysis .开支分析supply chains .供应链status tracking .状态跟踪sound clip.声音载录site traffic.网络交通shopping cart .购物车shipping method.交货方式smart cards . 智能卡，智能插件；灵便卡以T 开头tangible benefit.有形利益；target-market .目标市场timely delivery .及时的送货top seller .最畅销的货品toll-free telephone .免费电话transfer funds .基金转移text documents .文本文件textual information .文本信息trending tools.流行手段telecommunications.电信technology trends.技术趋势transaction platforms.交换平台以U 开头up-sell.上行销售以V 开头vitual private network(VPN) .虚拟专用网virual world.真实世界value chain .价值链以W开头World-Wide-Web interface 万维网接口Web srte .网站Web server .网络服务器Web technology.互联网技术workflow.工作流程web page.网页winners and losers .赢家和输家以大写开头的EDI.电子数据交换B2B .企业与企业之间B2C .企业与消费者之间Just-In-Time(JIT) .准时生产制；及时供应制URL.统一资源定位器DigiCash.电子现金R&D.研究与开发CEO(Chief Executive Officer).总裁；首席执行官UPS:United Parcel Service.联合包裹快递公司Metcalf’s Law.麦特卡尔副定律。
商务英语自考 第1-2单元 关于商务英语和商务英语翻译
商务英语翻译（英译汉）
本文摘自学培网
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I. Multiple choice (20 points, 2 points for each) 1. In addition to visible trade, which involves the importing and exporting of tangible goods, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. A. 除了这种进出口商品的可视贸易以外，还有一种国与国 之间进行交换服务的无形贸易。 B. 除了这种进出口商品的有形贸易以外，还有一种国与国 之间进行交换服务的看不见贸易。 C. 除了这种进出口商品的看得见贸易以外，还有一种国与 国之间进行交换服务的难捉摸贸易。 D. 除了这种进出口商品的有形贸易以外，还有一种国与国 之间进行交换服务的无形贸易。
本文摘自学培网
1.2 商务英语的语言特点
3) 商务英语词汇中，一词多义现象普遍； Concern lingers that the bank could experience a shortfall in capital (资本) in the future. The banks is expected to allocate part of the capital (资金) to repay its debts. The major four banks view the reduction in capital (股本) as necessary to help prevent Daiei’s stock price from plunging(急降).
自考国际商务英语考试必备-自己整理
自考国际商务英语考试必备-自己整理英译汉1.Domestic business国内商务2.economic globalization经济全球化3.host country东道国 intellectual4.property知识产权5.non-tariff barriers非关税壁垒6.national product国民产值7.per capita GDP人均国内生产总值8.Durable equipment耐用设备9.Staple goods大路货10.Creditor country债权国11.Customs union关税同盟12.Dual-Ministerial meetings 双部长会议13.European Commission欧盟委员会anization of Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC)石油输出国组织15.North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)北美自由贸易协定16.Board of directors董事会17.day to day running日常管理18.the parent MNE 多国公司目公司19.national economic welfare国家经济利益20.the legal jurisdiction法律经管范围21.self-sufficient 自给自足的22.farm produce农农品23.the endowments of nature自然禀赋24.perfect competition完全竞争25.output per many-year of labour人均年产量26.production capability生产能力27.consumption preference消费偏好28.cost advantage成本优势rge-scale production大规模生产30.tariff barrier关税壁垒31.International Chamber of Commerce国际商会32.customs clearance结关33.EDI电子数据交换34.Incoterms国际贸易术语解释通则35.destination port目的港36.binding obligation有约束力的义务37.international trunk call国际长途38.the business line业务范围39.force majeure不可抗力40.cross-border contract进出口合同41.clearing system清算系统42.leverage杠杆作用43.trade credit account贸易信贷往来账户44.centrally planned economy中央计划经济45.financial status财务状况46.to open account开立账户47.Consignment transaction寄售交易48.a usance draft远期汇票49.documentary collection跟单托收50.impeccable documents正确无误单据51.correspondent bank往来行52.confirming bank保兑行53.transportation clause运输条款54.clean credit即期信用证55.deferred payment credit不可转让信用证56.freight prepaid运费预付57.prepare documents缮制单据58.consignor托运人59.consular invoice领事发票60.notify party被通知人61.contract carriers契约承运人62.intermediate product半成品63.ultimate consumers最终消费者64.natural product province产品自然领域65.time lag时差66.claim on goods对货物的索赔67.premium保险费68.insurer承保人69.insurable interest可保利益70.settlement of a claim理赔71.freight forwarder货运代理行72.utmost good faith最大诚信原则73.valued policies有价保单74.exchange rate买入价75.balance of payment收支平衡76.direct quote直接标价77.buying rate买入价78.financial policies金融政策79.financial policies资金80.retained capital预留资金81.grace period优惠期82.a specialized mandate特殊使命83.direct investment直接投资84.tax holiday免税期85.greenfield strategy绿地战略86.customer mobility客户流动87.investment return投资回报88.start from scratch政府债券89.market maker股票经营商90.standing committee常务委员会91.underlying securities基础证券92.global trade rules世界贸易规则93.the reciprocal tariff concession list互惠关税减让表94.a uniform tariff system统一关税体系95.the non-discrimination principle非歧视原则96.escape clause豁免条款97.a new economic order新经济秩序98.trade concession贸易减让99.Special Drawing Rights特别提款权100.maturity 到期日101.certificate of deposit 大额102. cartel 卡特尔汉译英1.国际商务international business2.无形贸易invisible trade3.国内生产总值gross domestic products4.证券投资portfolio investment5.交钥匙工程turnkey project6.国民生产总值Gross National product（GNP）7.收入分配income distribution8.经济合作与发展组织the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development9.基础储备infrastructure10.外汇储备foreign currency reserves11.区域经济一体化regional economic integration12.自由贸易区free trade area13.欧盟European Union14.亚太经合组织Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)16.部长理事会Council of Ministers17.经济全球化Economic Globalization18.跨国企业multinational economic environment19.生产设施manufacturing facilities20.自然资源分配the distribution of nature resources21.初级产品the primary commodities22.比较优势论the theory of comparative advantage23.互利贸易the mutual beneficial trade24.资源储备 the reserves of natural resources25.技术创新technology innovation26.贸易方式patterns of trade27.关税区customs area28.自动出口限制voluntary export restraint29.名胜古迹places of historical interest30.贸易条款trade terms31.修改信用证amendment to the letter of credit32.集装箱运输container transport33.运费付至CPT34.报价quotation35.有效期the validity period36.付款方式modeOf payment37.仲裁arbitration38.对销贸易cunter trade39.实际头寸net positions40.双边协议bilateral agreement41.易货贸易barter42.垂直合并，纵向组合vertical combination43.汇率浮动变化exchange rate fluctuation44.资信状况credit standing45.分期付款payment by installments46.即期汇票sight draft47.付款交单document against payment（D/P）48.商业信用证commercial letter of credit49.开证行the opening bank50.受益人the beneficiary51.统一惯例the uniform customs and practice52.循环信用证revolving credit53.保兑信用证confirmed credit54.远期信用证usance credit55.票面价值face value56.资金周转capital turnover57.空运提单airway bill58.产地证书certificate of origin59.运输标记shipping marks60.装运港port of shipment61.原始的生产方式primitive mode of production62.竞争机制competition system63.运输体系transportation system64.公共承运人common carriers65.保证金margin66.股票投资investment in stocks67.货物保险cargo insurance68.外汇储备foreign exchange services69.共同基金the common pool70.代位追偿subrogation71.近因原则the doctrine of proximate cause72.预约保单open policy73.平安险F.P.A74.水渍险W.P.A75.金本位制gold standard76.平价par value77.布雷顿森会议the Bretton Woods Conference78.间接标价indirect quote79.储备货币reserve currency80.世界资本市场World capital market81.借贷成本the cost of borrowing82.产权(股票)投资equity investment83.经济结构调整economic restructuring84.合资公司joint venture85.并购acquisition86.生物遗传学biogenetics87.自动出口限制Voluntary Export Restriction（VER）88.证券交易所the Stock Exchange Market89.普通股ordinary share90.补偿基金compensation fund91.金边债券gilt92.期权option93.协商机制a consultative mechanism94.双边谈判bilateral negotiation95.签约国the signatory countries96.充分就业full employment97.多边贸易体制multilateral trade system98.国际组织international organizations99.技术转让technology transfer100.商品协议commodity agreement101.国际货币体系international monetary system 102.优惠关税preferential（customs）tariff103.承包生产Contract manufacturing104. tariff rates关税率105. settlement 协议106.Shareholders股东107.board of directors董事会108.parent company母公司109.affiliate子公司110.day-to-day running日常管理101.multinational corporation跨国公司102.home country母公司所在国103.host country东道国术语解释1.affiliate MNC: a MNC which is associated or controlled by its parent MNC without losing its own identity.2.Absolute advantage: an advantage possessed by a country engaged in international trade when, using a given resource input, it is able to produce more output than other countries possessing the same resource input.3.Arbitration: the setting of a dispute by means of a neutral third party rather than by a court of law.4.A correspondent bank: a bank which acts as an agent for another bank.5.All risks: extensive insurance coverage of cargo, including coverage due to external causes such as fire, collision, pilferage etc., but usually excluding ”special” risk such as those resulting from acts of war, labor strikes and the perishing of good, and from internal damage due to faulty packaging, decay or loss of market.Buyback: an agreement by an export of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.Bill of exchange: a signed document that orders a person or an organization, such as a bank, to pay a fixed sum of money on demand or on a certain date to the person specified. Capital: the contribution to productive activity made by investment in physical capital and in human capital. Customs clearance: the formalities necessary to satisfy the customs officers before they will allow goods to the cleared from customs for dispatch or delay elsewhere.Banknotes circulation: movement of the printed paper money issued by a bank, usually the country’s central ban k. Contract: a legally binding agreement made between two or more people.Clause: part of a legal document that deals with a particular item or condition in it.Confirmed credit: a letter of credit to which a number of other document such as shipping documents have been joined by the exporter to obtain payment from the bank.Commission: the amount paid to an agent, which may be an individual, a broker, or a financial institution, for consummating a transaction involving sale or purchase of assets or services.Commercial invoice: a document identifying numbers such as invoice number, date, shipping date, mode of transport, delivery and payment terms, and a complete listing and description of the goods or services being sold including prices, discounts and quantities.Common pool: a fund contributed by all insured parties in the name of premium against certain risk, out of which the claims if those suffering losses are paid.capital infrastructure: the basic physical requirements, without which the industry cannot function effectively, water and electricity installations, qualified and killed professionals in technology and administration.Capital market: markets where corporations and governments sell securities to investors in order to raise funds for long or short periods.Consumerism: considerable desire to make purchase for consumption.Distributor: a person who sends goods from those who produce them to them to those who use them.Documents against acceptance(D/A): documents are handed over to the importer upon his acceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the importer upon his acceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the exporter. Payment will be paid on a laterdate.Documentary credit: a letter of credit to which a number of other documents such as shipping documents have been joined by the exporter to obtain payment from the bank. Devaluation: the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies.Envisage: picture in the mind as a future possibility; imagine Economic of scale: the long-run reduction in average costs that occurs as the scale of the firm’s output is increased./the reduction in unit cost and increase in profit obtained when goods are produced in large quantities.EDI: an electronic system that sends specially-prepared document direct from the computer of one company to that of another, so avoiding delays and improving services to customers.Equity investment :a type of investment by buying the ordinary shares of a company.Exchange rate: the ratio between one currency unit and the number of units of another currency at which it is possible to exchange the two at a given time.Economic integration: economic integration is a term used to describe how different aspects between economic are integrated. As economic integration increase, the barriers of trade between markets diminishes. The most integration economy today, between independent nations, is the European Union and its euro zone.FOB: in foreign trade contracts, the seller’s delivers the goods on board the ship named by the buyer at the named port of shipment. From that point, all charges and risks have to be borne by the buyer.Fair trade: in international trade, the principle that maintains that there should only be free trade with those countries which themselves extend free trade.Full employment: an economic situation in which all persons physically and mentally capable of doing some kind of work,can find employment.Gold reserves: the stock of gold coin and bullion held by a note-issuing bank in country on the gold standard.GNP: refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy GDP: refers to the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.Host country: in international trade, the country in which a multinational corporation is active, but which is not the home country of that corporation.Hyperinflation: an extreme form of inflation; the situation that exists in a Economy when the money supply is being increased very rapidly, resulting in an increase of over 20%in the annual growth of the money supply or of the price level. Infrastructure: large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communication, etc. needed to support economic activity, esp. industry, trade and commerce.Integration: combine into a whole.Inflation: a general rise in prices within an economy, accompanied by a reduction of the value of money. International trade: the exchange of goods and services between countries through exports and imports.Irrevocable credit: a letter of credit to which the paying bank has added its guarantee that payment will be made against presentation of certain documents.Intermediate products: goods that enter into the production of other goods. In the manufacturing process, goods and materials pass through various states of production, frequently requiring transfer from one plant to another or sale by one firm to another.Indemnity: a basic idea in all branches of insurance that the insured should be in the same position after a loss as he as be was before it, i.e. neither richer nor poorer as a result of loss.Intellectual property: certain non-tangible assets held,principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trade marks and designs, and copy right.Joint venture: a commercial undertaking by two or more people, differing from a partnership in that it relates to the disposition of a single lot of goods or the termination of a specific project.just-in-time inventory: making or ordering only just enough parts or materials for the factory’s immediate needs, so avoiding the expense of keeping stocks.Liberalize: of trade, the act of government in lifting control over import and exports.Letter of credit: A written instruction by a bank or some other financial institution. To its agent or another bank, either local or aboard, to lend the bearer of the letter certain sums of money for a fixed period of time.Loan: a commercial transaction between two legal entities whereby one party, known as lender agrees to put at the disposal of another known as a borrower certain property, usually money , for its temporary use, with am understanding by both parties that the property will be returned.Money circulation: money in the hands of the public and being used to pa for goods and services.Most-favored nation clause: an understanding principle of the WTO whereby each country undertakes to apply the same rate of tariff to all its trade partners.Negotiable transport document: transport document can be transferred from one person to another by endorsement.Non-tariff barriers: all public regulations and government practices that introduce unequal treatment for domestic and foreign goods of the same or similar production.North American free trade agreement(NAFTA北美自由贸易协定):NAFTA is a trade agreement between Canada, Mexico, the united states, which entered into force on january1,1994. It was preceded in 1988 by a trade agreement covering Canada and the U.S.—the Canada –U.S. free trade agreement, which served as a negotiating framework for the expanded agreement.Option: a contractual agreement between a buyer and a seller to buy or sell a particular security commodity or currency at a specific price within a pre-determined period of time. Partnership: a contractual relationship undertaking by two or more people, differing from a partnership in that it relates to the disposition of a single lot of goods or the termination of a specific project.PPP: purchasing power parity.Protectionism: the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers.Productivity: the relation between the output or amount produced in a given period and one unit of the factors of production employed in producing that output.Preferential customs tariff: a lower (or zero) tariff on a product from one country than is applied to imports from most countries. This violation of the MFN principle is permitted in special cases.Per capita income: It is calculated by dividing its national income by its populationQuota: a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity.Revenue: the money received by a firm from selling its output of goods or services or money earned by government from taxation.Reserves: in a business, amount set aside from profits to meet contingencies or for future investment.Specialization: to restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular field.Subrogation: the legal right of an insurer to receive any money obtained by the insured as a result of his making use of his rights against third parties; this reduces the cost of the loss to the insurer and prevents the insured from obtaining more than his full indemnity.Stock exchange: a markets where stocks and shares are boughtand sold under fixed rules, but at princes controlled by supplyand demand.Settlement: a payment of money claimed.Tariff: a form of tax that occurs as the scale of the firm’soutput is increased./the reduction in unit cost and increasein profit obtained when goods are produced in large quantities.Terms of payment: the terms agree upon between a sellers anda buyer regarding a transaction with respect to the mode andtime-table of payment.Trade fair: a big exhibition where manufactures and sellersand a similar or related products display their goods, meetcustomers and each other.Transfer of technology: a complicated aspect of internationalbusiness. Technology can be divided into two types: non-tacitand tacit. It can be transferred through various modes, eitherexport of products and goods or though service. The mostimportant feature of technology transfer is it is a transferof the right to use, not the right to ownership.Terms of trade: a measure of the trading success of a countryby comparing the prices of its imports with the prices of itsexports.Triad and Quad: A. United States B. WesternEurope C. Japan D. CanadaW.P.A: a wider coverage than the F.P.A. partial loss of ordamage to the insured goods is excluded only where the lossto the insurer and prevents the insured from obtaining morethan his full indemnity.简答1.Major difference between international business anddomestic business: A. differences in legal system; B.differences in currencies; C. differences in cultural background; D. differences in natural and economic conditions.2.Major types of international business: A. tradea. Commodity tradeb. Service tradeB. investmenta. foreign direct investmentb. portfolio investmentC. other typesa. licensing and franchisingb. management contract and contract manufacturingc. turnkey project and BOT3.Explain the concepts of GNP and GDP respectively and point out their major difference. Can we use them interchangeably? GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy. GDP measure the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy. The difference between GNP and GDP is that the former focuses om ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes place. We can use them interchangeably.4. what is the free trade area? And what is Customs union? In what way is a customs union different from a free trade area. Free trade area is the first and loosest form of regional economic integration. Members of a free trade area area removes barriers to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regards to trade with outsiders. Custom Union is the second form of regional economic integration that goes a step farther by adopting the same trade policy for all the members toward countries outsides their organization in addition to abolishing trade barriers among themselves . Since imports from other countries are subject to the same tariff no matter which member they export to, it is impossible for non-members to get into the market of the customs union in a detour as they possibly do in the case of trade with a free trade area.5. Describe briefly the characteristics of MNEs.①they are usually enormous in size in terms of the amount ofannual sales and of resources it controls.②they have a wide geographical spread, and seek to set up an integrated production and distribution network in the world.③MNEs enjoy longevity and rapid growth. They have a long development history and rapid growth record.6. how are MNEs usually operated? And how are important decision made?①the operation of MNES is under the control of parent MNE at their home countries.②the affiliate MNEs also have their own decision making mechanism, however the major decision, such as those on corporate goals, new investment and their location are made by parent MNEs.8. Which theory makes more sense, absolute advantage or comparative advantage.Comparative advantage sound more plausible .As it is very difficult to find for a country a product with absolute advantage, and also, a country still gains from trade for its products with comparative advantages.9. What are the important factors that one has to take into account when talking about the possibility of international specialization?Whether the internationalization will happen or not is decided by trade patterns, economic of scale, innovation. The production capacity and conditions decide what a country can produce and trade, the economies of scale decides if a country has a cost advantage for the traded product, and the innovation decides if the traded product is competitive in the foreign market.10. Why is it necessary to have Incoterms? And what is the purpose of making amendments and additions to Incoterms?The purpose of Incoterms is to provide a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade term in foreign trade, thus, the uncertainties of different interpretation of such terms in different countries can be avoided or at least reduced to a considerable degree.And the purpose of making amendments and additions is in order to bring the rules in line with current international trade practices.11. What contents should be included in a firm offer?A firm offer s a promise to sell goods at a stated price. The major terms include time of shipment, made of payment, description of goods and validity period.12.Give the major item of the contract proper.This includes four major parts: the full name and address of the buyer and seller; the description of the commodities; the terms and conditions for the transaction; indication of the number of original copies of the contract and other additional terms.13. Please define counter trade. What are the possible reasons for its attraction.An umbrella term for several sorts of trade in which the seller is required to accept goods or other instruments or trade, in partial or whole payment for its products. Counter trade transactions include barter, buyback, or compensation, offset requirements, and clearing agreements. Counter trade is allegedly popular in less development countries and in planned economies, it attracted much interest in the past. Now as the landscape od economic system drastically changed recently, it attracts much more attention.14.What is the difference between a clean draft and a documentary draft?For a clean draft, it is a draft without attached additional documents; for a documentary draft, it is a draft supported by title documents, such as an invoice, bill of lading or insurance policy. In fact everything having a real commercial value is know as a documentary draft.15.How dose L/C offer security to the buyer and the seller?①it enable exporters obtain, through a correspondent bank,duarantees that the invoice for goods sent by them will actually be paid by the buyer—the importer.②it also provides the buyer with a guarantee that goods willbe received in good order, for L/Cs are subject to appropriate insurance coverage and documents.③the bank is protected in case of loss or damage b its insurance policy.16.How many times and to how many parties can a credit be transferred? In what situation is a revolving letter of credit most useful.It can only be transferred once, to more than one party at the same time provided partial shipments are permitted. When the buyer and seller have regular trading relationship and deal in a specific quantity of goods each month or any particular period of time.17.what are the main features of a commercial invoice? What’s the relation between the commercial invoice and other documents?Commercial invoice is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price. It constitutes the basis on which other documents are to be prepared.18.What main function does the bill of lading have?Bill of lading serves as a cargo receipt signed by the carrier and issued to the shipper; it constitutes a contract of carriage between the carrier and consignor; it is a document of title to the goods, and the legal holder is the owner of the goods.19.why the author says that transportation is fundamental to the development and operation of an industry society?Geographically distant resources becomes accessible with transportation. The economic growth of any society in any part of the world is directly related to the availability of transportation.20. what is the purpose of cargo insurance?Cargo insurance is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of exporters and importers and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriters.21. What roles does transportation play in production process?It permits manufacturers to get materials and labor easily, to move intermediate goods to other producers for use in production process, and to deliver finished products to customers.22.what factor is crucial to the question of insurable interest? why?Time. Because the insurance company can work out who will suffer loss by discovering at what point the ownership of the goods passes from one person to another.23.what does it mean that the person who is going to suffer the loss is the one who has the insurable interest at any moment?This means that goods any be shipped at the port of origin by a shipper or freight forwarder under a policy taken out to cover them, and the buyer takes over the policy which has been issued when he takes over the ownership of the goods. If they fail to complete the voyage undamaged. He can claim on the insurance even though it was not in his name.①international balance of payment. The value of one’s own currency will go up with favorable balance of payment and drop with BOP deficit.②inflation. When inflation intensifies, the value of the currency will drop relative to foreign currencies and vice versa.③interest rate. High interest rate will increase the exchange rate and vice versa.24.what are the major factors that may influence the exchange rate? Explain briefly.Factors influencing the exchange rate: international balance of payment; inflation; interest rate.25.what are the basic rules for IBRD to guide its lending operation?The lending operation is basically directed at the developing countries based on: economic consideration; productive purpose.The expected result must: stimulate economic growth; pay due regard to the prospects of payment; get the guarantee from。
自考05844国际商务英语(真题-翻译)
1有形贸易 visible trade visible trade 2无形贸易 invisible tradeinvisible trade3证券投资 Portfolio Investment portfolio investment 4大额存单 Certificate of depositcertificate of deposit 5管理合同 management contract management contract 6价值链 value chainvalue chain7承包生产 contract manufacturing contract manufacturing 8交钥匙工程 turnkey project turnkey project 9国民收入 national income national income 10人均收入 per capita income per capita income 11基础设施 infra structureinfra structure1213收入分布 income distribution income distribution 14债权国 creditor countrycreditor country15经济一体化 economic integration economic integration 16自由贸易区 free trade area free trade area 17关税税率 tariff rates tariff rates 18关税同盟 custom union custom union 19关税联盟 customs union customs union 20共同市场 common market common market 21主权国家 sovereign state sovereign state 22政治实体 political entity political entity 23行政机构 executive bodyexecutive body24欧盟委员会 European commission European commission 25部长理事会 council of ministers council of ministers 26多极化 multi-polarization multi-polarization27双部长会议 dual-Ministerial meeting dual-Ministerial meeting 28分委员会 Sub-committeeSub-committee 2930技术进步 technical improvements technical improvements 31自然资源 natural resources natural resources 32初级产品 primary commodities primary commodities 33绝对利益 absolute advantage absolute advantage 34比较利益 comparative advantage comparative advantage 35进口关税 import duty import duty 36出口关税 export dutyexport duty 37混税,复合关税 compound dutycompound duty3839税率表,税则 tariff schedule tariff schedule 40关税壁垒 tariff barriertariff barrier41非关税壁垒 non-tariff barrier non-tariff barrier 42运输工具 means of transport means of transport43古迹 places of historical interest places of historical interest 44货仓 cargo compartment cargo compartment 45关税区 customs area customs area 46从价税 advalorem dutiesadvalorem duties独立国家联合体 commonwealth of independent 国际经济环境 international economic environment 最惠国待遇 most-favoured nation (MFN) treatment47贸易术语 trade terms trade terms48贸易惯例 trading practices trading practices49商品交易会 trade fairs trade fairs50长途电话 trunk call trunk call51有效期 validity period validity period52还盘 counter offer counter offer53销售合同 sales contract sales contract54销售确认书 sales (purchase) confirmation sales (purchase) confirmation55缔约方/合约各方 contracting parties contracting parties56不可抗力 force majeure force majeure57货号 article number article number58棉布 cotton piece goods cotton piece goods59棉纱 cotton yarns cotton yarns60对销贸易 counter trade counter trade61欧洲支付联盟 European payment union European payment union62竞争性贬值 competitive devaluation competitive devaluation63加工贸易 processing trade processing trade64清算系统 clearing system clearing system65实际头寸 net positions net positions66贸易信贷往来帐户 trade credit accounts trade credit accounts67反向购买 counter purchase counter purchase68回购交易 buyback buyback69租赁贸易 leasing trade leasing trade70财务状况 financial standing financial standing71资信可靠情况 credit worthiness credit worthiness72分阶段付款 periodic payments periodic payments73预付现金 cash in advance cash in advance74汇票 draft / bill of exchange draft/bill of exchange75远期汇票 usance draft usance draft76跟单汇票 documentary draft documentary draft77提单 bill of landing bill of landing78货物所有权 title to goods title to goods79保险单 insurance policy insurance policy80跟单托收 documentary collection documentary collection81付款交单 documents against payment (D/P)documents against payment (D/P) 82承兑交单 documents against acceptance (D/A)documents against acceptance (D/A) 83光票 clean draft clean draft84开证银行opening bank opening bank85往来行 correspondence bank correspondence bank86通知行 advising bank advising bank87保兑行 confirming bank confirming bank88分批装运 partial shipment partial shipment89保兑信用证 confirmed letter of credit confirmed letter of credit90价格条款 price term price term91光票信用证 clean credit clean credit92非贸易结算 non-trade settlement non-trade settlement93可撤销信用证 revocable credit revocable credit94不可撤销信用证 irrevocable credit irrevocable credit95双重保障 double assurance double assurance96即期信用证 sight credit sight credit97远期信用证 usance credit usance credit98面值 face value face value99可转让信用证 transferable credit transferable credit100不可转让信用证 non-transferable credit non-transferable credit101无汇票信用证 non-draft credit non-draft credit102推迟付款 deferred payment deferred payment103循环信用证 revolving credit revolving credit104唛头 shipping marks shipping marks105被通知人 notify party notify party106货运收据 cargo receipt cargo receipt107发运港 port of shipment port of shipment108海关发票 custom invoice custom invoice109领事发票 consular invoice consular invoice110装船通知 shipping advice shipping advice111产品自然领域 natural product provinces natural product provinces112公共承运人 common carrier common carrier113契约承运人 contract carrier contract carrier114自有承运人 private carrier private carrier115中间产品 intermediate product intermediate product116制成品 finished products finished products117最大诚信原则 utmost good faith utmost good faith118货物原产地港口 port of origin port of origin119交货费用 forwarding charges forwarding charges导致损失的直接原因 proximate cause of the loss120121汇率 exchange rate exchange rate122金本位制 gold standard gold standard123平价 par value par value124储备货币 reversed currency reversed currency125清洁浮动 clean float (free float-自由浮动)clean float 清洁浮动 (free float 自由浮动) 126肮脏浮动 dirt float (managed float-管理浮动)dirt float 肮脏浮动 (managed float 管理浮动) 127(汇率)直接标价 direct quote direct quote128(汇率)间接标价 indirect quote indirect quote129买入价 buying rate buying rate130卖出价 selling rate selling rate131中间价 medial rate medial rate132大萧条 Great Depression great depression133特别提款权 special drawing right special drawing right134国际收支赤字 BOP deficit BOP deficit135国际收支盈余 favorable balance of payment favorable balance of payment136贴现率 discount rate discount rate137外汇管制 foreign exchange control foreign exchange control138游资 idle funds (hot money)idle funds (hot money)139世界银行集团 word bank group word bank group140资本市场 capital market capital market141优惠期 grace period grace period142私营经济 private sector private sector143股权投资 equity investment equity investment144经济结构调整 economic restructuring economic restructuring145投票权 voting power voting power146黄金份额 gold tranche gold tranche147备用(信贷)安排 standby arrangement standby arrangement148客户流动 customer mobility customer mobility149免税期 tax holiday tax holiday150合资企业 joint venture joint venture151绿地战略 the greenfield strategy the greenfield strategy152战略联合 the strategic alliance the strategic alliance153知识产权 intellectual property intellectual property154常务委员会 standing committee standing committee155证券交易所 stock exchange stock exchange156长期资本 long-term capital long-term capital157二级资本市场 secondary capital market secondary capital market158交易场地 market floor (trading floor)market floor (trading floor)159挂牌证券交易市场 listed market listed market160所得税 income tax income tax161平衡帐目 balance the books balance the books 公共部门借贷需求 the public sector borrowing requirement162163金边证券 gilt-edged stocks / securities gilt-edged stocks/securities164事业机构投资商 institutional investors institutional investors165期权 options options166套期保值 hedge hedge167具体事场 particular market area particular market area168普惠制 generalized system of preferences generalized system of preferences 169关税减让 tariff concession tariff concession170制度力量 institutional strength institutional strength171反贴补措施 counter-veiling measures counter-veiling measures172反倾销 anti-dumping anti-dumping173国民待遇 national treatment national treatment174关税配额 tariff quota tariff quota175充分就业 full employment full employment176公平贸易 fair trade fair trade177贸易条款 term of trade term of trade178免责条款 escape clauses escape clauses179行动纲领 action programme action programme180联合国大会 united nations general assembly united nations general assembly 181较不发达国家 less-developed countries less-developed countries182无差别待遇 non-discrimination principle non-discrimination principle183差别待遇 differential treatment differential treatment184贸易条件 terms of trade terms of trade185186特惠税 preferential customs tariffs preferential customs tariffs 187技术转让 transfer of technology transfer of technology188金融市场 financial market financial market189中期贷款 extended fund facility extended fund facility190双边谈判 bilateral negotiation bilateral negotiation191特约条款 special clause special clause192董事会 board of directors board of directors193生产方式 production approach production approach194可保利益 insurable interest insurable interest195缓冲库存贷款 buffer stock financing facility buffer stock financing facility 196跨国公司母公司 parent MNC parent MNC197记帐交易 open credit open credit198滚装滚卸范畴运输 roll-on and roll-off traffic roll-on and roll-off traffic199规模经济 economies of scale economies of scale200有价保单 valued policy valued policy201从量税 specific duty specific duty202业务范围 business line business line203基础设施 capital infrastructure capital infrastructure204布雷顿森林会议 the Bretton woods convention the Bretton woods convention 205保证金 margin margin206统一关税制度 uniform tariff system uniform tariff system207208209210211212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224电子数据交换EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)购买力平价PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)增值税VAT (value added tax)国际经济新秩序 new international economic order石油输出国组织OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)东南亚国家联盟ASEAN (Association of SouthEast Asian Nations)北美自由贸易协定NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)多边投资担保机构MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency)经济及社会理事会ECOSOC (economic social council)国际开发协会IDA (International Development Association)国际货币基金组织IMF (International Monetary Fund)经济合作与发展组织OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development)零库存 just-in-time delivery (JIT)自动出口限制VER (Voluntary Export Restriction)投资交易所RIE (Recognized Investment Exchange)国际复兴开发银行IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)国际金融公司IFC (International Finance Corporation)。
自考商务英语词汇
Lesson 1exacerbated=deteriorated 恶化came into force=took effect 生效objective=purpose 目标buoyant=brisk 上涨的scope=opportunity 机会accelerating=speeding up 加速outcome=result 结果breakdown=analysis record 分类overhang=threat 威协reinforce 加强concessionary 优惠的减让的recognition=realization 认识到surplus=excess 盈余industrialization programme 工业化项目national income 国民收入volume of foreign trade 对外贸易额visible trade account 有形贸易收支invisible trade account 无形贸易收支growth rate 增长率foreign exchange 外汇trade fair 贸易展览会trade surplus 贸易顺差compensation trade 补偿贸易joint venture 合资企业planned economy 计划经济export quota 出口定额growth point 增长点high tech industries 高科技产业most favored nation status/treatment最惠国地位/待遇current account 经常项目stock taking=evaluating 盘点Production goods 生产资料customs duties 关税capital stock 实际资本infrastructure 基础设施foreign trade reserves 外汇储备customer goods 消费品saturation point 饱和点showpiece 优秀样品industrial crops 经济作物special economic zone 经济特区income tax rate 所得税税率technology transformation 技术改造technology transfer 技术转让capital equipments 资本设备preferential tax rate 优惠税率cooperative enterprise 合作企业imports of capital 资本进口services industry 服务业foreign exchange control 外汇管制capital intensive investment 劳动密集型投资Lesson 3farfetched=improbable 不大可能的nose=move slowly 缓慢的bound=heading 满载dynamic=booming 有活力的radiates=spreads 辐射bustling=booming 繁荣的surpass=exceed 超越slight=neglect 轻视bloc=group 集团laggard=backward 落后的per capita 人均preferred status 优先权competitive advantage 竞争优势trade bloc 贸易集团newly raising enterprise 新兴企业container plant 集装箱工厂consortium 国际财团bounce back 反弹free market 自由市场Lesson 4stagnated=stopped 停滞的aggregate=total 总计robust=strong 强健的meun=arrangements 安排adverse=unfavorable 不利的dampened=reduced 减小降低slackened= weakened 变缓慢deflator=index 指数curtailing=cutting off 消减catch up=competition 竞争in a row= in succession 连续的per capita income 人均收入hard currency 硬通货commodities market 商品市场portfolio investment 证券投资nominal terms 名义价constant terms 不变价debt restructuring 债务调整deinflationary policies 反通胀政策anti-inflationary monetary policy 反通胀货币政策industrial and agricultural productiobnuoyed=supported 支撑domestic demands 国内需求工农业生产Lesson 2assembled=formed 形成incentives=inducements 诱因promulgated=announced 发布couple with=together with 结合cope with=deal with 处理，应付uniform=same 统一的waive=exempt 免除afflicting=troubling 困扰的deftly=cleverly 巧妙地passage=pass 通过reaping=harvesting 收获gross national product 国民生产总值economic power 经济强国punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税securities and real estate markets 证券和房地产市场conglomerate 跨行业工公司private business 私人企业high tech，high wage econom高y科技高薪经济commercial hub 商业中心transfer component 资本转移部分direct investment 直接投资budget deficit 预算赤字interest rate 利率primary commodity price 初级产品价格high rates of growth 高增长率the group of seven 7 国集团workers remittance 工人侨汇monetary policies 货币政策primary goods 初级产品per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值Lesson 5retaliating=taking revenge 报复sanctions=punishments 制裁misgivings=doubt 疑惑expires=become due 期满underpinnings=evidence 根据，证据divergent=different 有分歧的seething=troubled 困惑的peeved=irritated 恼怒的mollify=relieve 减轻amenable=responsive 有责任的trade sanctios 贸易制裁trade barriers 贸易壁垒trade agreements 贸易协议government procurement 政府采购North America Free Trade Agreement 北美自由贸易协定trade priority 贸易优先权trade partner 贸易伙伴trade in deficit 贸易赤字trade discrimination 贸易歧视trade concession 贸易让步unblock 扫除……障碍stall 拖延turn up 升级live with consequence 承担后果bully 威吓instigate 挑动Lesson 6dour=severe 严厉的soured=worsened 恶化directive=instructions 指令over-nigh=suddenly 突然justifications=reasons 正当的理由wind up=end 结束skidding=reducing suddenly 急剧下降breach=breaking 违反European community 欧共体European union 欧盟the single market 统一大市场free trade zone 自由贸易区plant modernization 工厂现代化European integration 欧洲一体化economic integration 经济一体化political integration 政治一体化barrier-freed market 无壁垒市场economic benefits 经济利益anticipate 预料accomplish 完成实现stake 利害关系merger 兼并Lesson 7die down=disappear 消失foreshadows=predicts 预示capitulating=giving in 屈服geared=adapted 使……适应amplified=strengthened 增强的withstood=resisted 经受misconceived=misunderstood 设想错误的caved in=given in 屈服come up with=put forth 拿出obtain access to a market 获得市场准入机会trade reprisal 贸易报复trade representative 贸易代表import targets 进口指标fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划multilateral rules 多边规则quantifiable results 定量结果managed trade 管理贸易trade balance 贸易差额trade deficit 贸易赤字market share 市场份额white paper 白皮书bilateral surplus 双边顺差be bound to 肯定be opposed to 反对compound 加重Lesson 8poised=ready 作好准备的delve=study 钻研puts=expresses 解释trendy=fashionable 时髦的volatile=changeable 不稳定的clout=influence 影响力shuddered=trembled 战栗edge=advantage 优势eroding=disappearing 消融beset=troubled 困扰bolstered=supported 支撑siphon=draw out 抽取state of the a rt=markedly advanced 目前最先进的sprawl 规模庞大petrochemical complex 石油化工综合企业glistening 闪闪发光的jostle with 贴近eke out 勉强维持routinely 按常规chaebol 大企业集团know how 技术技能leviathan zaibatsu 大财团The lion ’s share 最大的份额antidumping 反倾销annual growth rates 年增长率investment capital 投资资本tax breaks 税额优惠financial system 金融体制embargo 禁运economic liberalization 经济自由化market force 市场力量Lesson 9was outed from=was d riven out 离开soaring=rising 上涨wary=cautious 谨慎的compromise=harm 妥协、危害materialise=realize 实现impressive=great 印象深刻unduly=excessively 过份地seesawed=rised and fell 动荡head off =prevent 阻止capacity expansion 生产能力扩张loss leader 亏本出售的商品carbon tax 双重税CECF 中国出口商品交易会impose import surcharge 征进口附加税re-export 再出口certifications of origin 产地证明书Lesson 10spur=promote 促进squandered=wasted 浪费bedeviled=perplexed 困惑的allowing for=taking … …intoconsideration 考虑到detached=disconnected 分离的pose a threat=form 形成一种威胁sensible=reasonable 合理的awkward=improper 不适宜的countervailing duty 反补贴税intellectual property rights 知识产权trade in service 服务贸易common agriculture polic共y 同农业政策on a conservative estimate据保守估计economic growth 经济增大the Uruguay round talk 乌拉圭回合谈判farm protection 农业保护Lesson 11proceeds=earnings 收入steered=introduced 引导convertible=exchangeable 可变的antiquated=old fashioned 过时tap=choose 选择camouflage=disguised 违装的perpetuate=make everlasting 持续的access=opportunity 机会convertible currency 可兑换货币debt service 偿还贷款counterpurchase 反向购买debtor nations 债务国creditor nations 债权国reformulation 重新配方franchise 特许经销权coupons 优惠券exclusive contract 独家经销合同bottler 经销商test market 试销市场market share 市场份额Lesson 13eightfold=eight times 八倍outlets=markets 市场promote sales 促销商品USDA 美国农业部luck dray 幸运抽奖competitive edge 竞争优势Lesson 14yields=profits 利润elapsed=passed 时间消逝tumble=slump 下降boost=accelerate 促进impeded=hindered 阻碍的offset=balance 分支volatility=fluctuation 价格变化spin-offs 副产品liquid assets 流动资产surplus produce 生产过剩financial futures 期货currency movements 货币流通price index 价格指数soft commodities 软商品UNCTAD 贸发会incentive=stimulus 激励monopolize= dominate 垄断discrimination=prejudice 偏见located=found 建立balance of payment 国际收支closing price 收盘价merge of banks 银行兼并brain trust 智囊团good resistance 良好的性耐性cash crops 经济作物equivalent value 等值short supply 供应短缺the world bank 世界银行productivity 生产力exchange revenue 外汇收入import duty 进口税profit remittance 利润汇款vested interests 既得利益buzzword 专业术语insolvency 破产take title 取得所有权market regulation 市场规则public tender 公开投标market power 市场动力transferor/assignor 转让人entrepreneurship 企业家精神headquarters 总部the new and expanding industry新兴工业trade balance 贸易平衡/差额The international financial institutiop n rice cutting war削价战国际金融机构currency reserves 货币储存currency exchange 货币交换clearing agreements 清算协定compensation agreements 补偿协定leverage 杠杆机构Lesson 12live up to=tally with 符合precipitate=accelerate 促成flagship=no.1 佼佼者poses=offerspony up=pay 付账gauge=judge 衡量take it hands down 轻易接受niches=status 合适的地位soft drink 软饮料retail sales 零售investment funds 投资基金export quota system 出口配额制度Lesson 15aggravated=worsened 恶化prompted=exacerbate 加剧rallied=increase after a fall 渐缓eased=fell 下跌dampened=reduced 挫伤undertone=underlying trendat origin=at the place of origin underpinned=supported 支撑spot market 现货市场futures market 期货市场base metal 贱金属precious metals 贵金属discount rate 贴现率历年。
自考国际商务英语汉译英
自考国际商务英语汉译英（一）1.国际贸易一般指不同国家当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素。
因而比国内Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are 5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国际市场的一种方式。
贸易要复杂的多。
International business refers to transaction between parties from different some times taken as a means of entering a foreign market.（二） countries. It involves mort factors and thus is more complicated than 1.国民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念，区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。
domestic business.GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicate a country’s 2.随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。
因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展，又有益income. The difference between GNP and GDP is that the former focuses on 于个人的进步。
With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some place where production takes place.2.要估评某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的购knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and 买力高低提供了线索。
自考电子商务英语语句翻译
自考电子商务英语语句翻译1、她已成为各种贸易与商务的强有力的手段It has 26、评价一个人要充分考虑她的成绩We should take full become a powerful medium and business account of his achievements while evaluating transactions of all kinds someone2、电子贸易指网上财务往来电子商务则指有形式的网上27、有时可以创立一个内在电子商务单位,然后把这单位交易E-commerce refers to financial transactions 分割出去成为独立的法人In some cases it may be over the Web and e-business refers to all forms desirable to create an internal e-business unit of transactions over the Wed and then spin off the unit as a separate legal3、客户服务已经就是并将继续就是一个主要的竞争因素entity Customer service has been and continues to be a 28、这一前景理论上可行但实际上吹嘘过度While major competitive factor possible in theory the promise was clearly 4、电子商务的交易通常涉及几个互动的步骤E-business oversold transactions often involve several interactive 29、这当然就是重要的,但就是董事会层面却远远不能理解steps While that is certainly important the 5、那将给您以极大的竞争优势That will give you a understanding needed at the board level goes well serious advantage over your competition beyond that 6、当您的公司电子商务化后,您与客户之间的关系就改30、为了获得市场份额,她们必须竭尽全力To gain market 变了When you become an e-business you transform share they will go to great lengths your relationship with your customers 31、然而,她解释说,设立两种对立的定价系统在某些时7、客户关系管理在您的商务程序中起决定作用Your most 候可能导致不良企图的滋生However he explains that critical businessprocess is customer setting up two separate pricing systems is likely relationship management to generate ill will at some point 8、我们必须尽最大可能的利用我们已有的资源We must 32、守住承诺适用于客服务过程的每一步Following make the best possible use of the resources we have through on your promises applies to every step of 9、男孩子们依次被召入会见考官The boys were summoned the customer-service process in turn to see the examiner 33、这就解释了顾客通过同类比较发现的任何差别This 10、她做一切事情都不考虑后果He does everything will account for any differential a customer regardless of the consequences uncovers using an apples-to-apples comparison 11、这部分我们讨论企业的产品与服务以及行业与因特网34、我们要事先准备所有申请材料We must have all the 的信息In this section we discuss the firm’s application materials prepared in advance product or service along with information about 35、您需要确定顾客需要您的某种产品的原因与您的电脑the industry and internet 怎样才能满足那种需求You need to identify why your 12、客户将能够舒舒服服的在家里享用信息,产品与服务customer needs your specific computer and how your Customers will be able to consume information computer meets that need product and service from the comfort of the homes 36、在商业中,客户服务对于其成长与繁荣至关重要In any 13、在因特网上可以直接得到信息产品与服务,这就省掉business customer service is vital to growth and 了中间商,还会引起经济萎缩The internet allows prosperity direct access to information product and service 37、网络让您们建立起确实的一对一的动态关系The which cuts out middlemen and causes economic internet permits you to build a dynamic deflation relationships that are really one onone 14、投资于该计划的机构在审核该商务计划时会有兴趣了38、它确实需要您重新思考您的整个经营方式与管理企业解公司任何在竞争中取胜Institutions financing 的策略It really involves rethinking the entire the project which going through the business plan way you do business and how you run your will be very interested in knowing how the company organization is going to beat the competition 39、钱本身并不重要,重要的就是钱的用途Money is not the 15、该计划应对如何达到目标市场做出描述The plan end in itself but the application of it is most should describe how the target markets are to be important reached 40、一旦有人跟您联系就要回应Once you’re contacted 16、如果产品就是在因特网上提供的无形信息就应该创造某be responsive 种定价模式来调节价格If the product is intangible 41、一开始,这个公司没有管理与业务计划,到现在为止information delivered overthe internet one 一切进展顺利At the outset the company had no shouldtry to create some sort of pricing model management and operations plan in place and things to justify its prices have worked out just fine so far 17、网站最初将包含哪些特点及未来的扩展计划就是怎样的42、我们在销售厂家的婴儿产品的同时也提供生活方式与What features will beincorporated in the site 健康方面的信息We provide lifestyle andinitially and what are the plans for future healthcare information along with baby products enhancement or expansion that we sell for manufacturers 18、您必须有计划的安排这些步骤以便将您的提议变成现43、这家公司预期1999年实现每月50%的增长The company 实You must lay out the steps to make your proposal expected a mouth-to-month growth rate of 50 a reality percent 1999 19、务必打个电话让我们知道您已安全的回家Be sureto 44、预测存货需求最初对这个公司来说就是件棘手的事情,ring and let us know you’ve got back safely 但公司仅仅用了几个月时间就在网上找到了销售与存20、这家旅馆可以为80位客人提供住宿,此外还有几个可货的感觉Predicting inventory needs was tricky for 供客人自己开火的套间The hotel itself can the company at first though it only took it a few accommodate 80 guests and in addition there are months online to develop a sense of sales and several self-catering apartments inventory 21、需要12个月来实施的战略也不可能成功A strategy 45、现在,这家公司在刚刚建立自己的网站之后,正在寻that requires more than 12 months to execute is 求在其她玩具制造商曾经失败过的网上玩具商务中取also unlikely to succeed 得成功Now with its newly launched Wed site the 22、当一个企业准备建立电子商务时她应该考虑清楚实现company ia looking to succeed in the online toy 其战略目标的其她可选择的途径When preparing to business where others have failed establish an e-business presence enterprises 46、网络圣杯就是导致实际良好利润的专利内容The Holy should explicitly consider alternative ways to Grail on the internet is proprietary content that attain the strategic objectives leads to really good margins 23、我们要在出发前把一切规划好We should get 47、在求学的道路上,我们准备克服很多的困难On the way everything planned out before our departure of study we must be ready to grapple with many 24、正如把电子商务战略融入整体电子商务战略中就是重要difficulties 的一样,把商务评价系统融入进来也同样重要Just as 48、至于在竞争中保持领先地位的问题,我们公司以产品it is important to integrate the e-business 挑选余地大与有两的服务与信息而引人注意When it strategy into the overall business strategy it is comes to staying aheadof the competition our equally important to integrate business model company distinguishes itself through a broad product selection and excellent service and 25、那样,最好的途径可能就是开发新的潜能,改善现存的information 商业过程去实施新的商业模式In such instances the 49、网络就是一个及时的媒体,它让人为之兴奋,因为她迫best approach may be to build new capabilities and 使我们保证尽快送货The internet is a very timely transform existing business processes to medium which is exciting because it puts pressure implement a new business model on us to make sure we’re delivering as quicklyas possible 14 文本信息嵌入到了特殊文件格式的二进制结构中 The 50、我们必须想办法进入敌人的电脑获得情报We have to textual information is embedded into the binary manage to get access to engmy’s computer and then structure of the particular 、 15您这些乱糟糟的东西占用了太多的空间 Your clutter get the intelligence 51、 CRM的目标就是在企业的销售市场与顾客服务等活动之takes up far too much space、间建立一种协作,已获得与保持客户群CRM’s goal is 16 它就是便宜的,但在另一方面,质量很差It’s cheap , but to create a synergy among sales marketing and on the other hand , the quality is poor、 customer-service activities within an 17 在网上手动分类导致极少的搜索结果 Manual process of organization in order to obtain and retain classifying on the web result in very few search results、 customers 18 那些不说英语或不以英语为本族语的人在互联网上受到52、在许多公司里,部门之间的业务就是不同的,所以您需很大的限制 People who do not speak English or who are 要与您的业务相匹配的软件The lines between non-native English speakers have many disadvantages ondepartments are different in many companies and the web 、 you want the software to match your business 19 按照信息的重要性进行分类也非常有必要It is 53、 90年代早期这些公司摒弃了办公室哦写形式而进入了necessary to rank information by importance、电子邮件与自动报表时代They abandoned 20 那机会太好了,不能错过That’s too good an opportunity to miss、carbon-paper forms and dove into e-mail and automated reports in the early 1990’s 21要在电子商务新时代获得成功,企业必须最大限度地扩大54、因为您无需定制软件包,所以您的公司只需几个礼拜雇员在电子商务活动中的参与程度 To be successful in the 而不就是几个月的时间就可以实现电子化Because you new age of electronic commerce, commerce , enterprises don’t need to customize these packages they can must be able to maximize the participation of their employees in e-commerceinitiatives、 get you online within weeks instead of months 55、严寒使水结冰Frost turns water into ice 22愿意买该产品或服务的人越多,价格就降的越多The more 56、这常常需要定制软件It often calls for customized people willing to buy the product or service , the further the price drops、 software 57、选择一个CRM解决方案也就是一次检验您业务的机会Choosing a CRM solution is also an opportunity 23 与过去两年相比,我们几年的销售额增加了一倍 Compared with last two years , we have doubled the sales examine your business practices 58、许多公司把eCRM瞧做就是她们呼叫中心的自然扩充Many figure this year、 companies see eCRM as a natural extension of their 24 各种各样规模的企业正加入到互联网经济中来,因此电子call centers 商务正迅速地改变着商业 Enterprises of all size are joining the Internet economy and thus electronic 59、每一个销售商都拥有庞大而稳固的技术支持力量与能帮助安装设备的合作伙伴Each of the vendors has a commerce is rapidly transforming business、 large established base of supporting and partners 25 现在出现的一个焦点领域就是间接采购,它就是一项与用于企业经营的货物与服务的购买关联的开支 Presently an that can assist with installations 60、小企业也可以利用那些致力于销售自动化的网络公司emerging area of focus is indirect procurement , which 的服Smaller organizations can also take advantage is the spending associated with acquiring the goods and services required to run the enterprise、 of the services of dot-com companies which focus on sales-force automation 26 互联网采购自动化能够减少每一订单70%的申请费用 Internet procurement automation has the potential to reduce requisition processing costs by 70% per order、 27 规模经济得到乐实现,从而降低乐产品的成本,增加了购1 不论您业务的规模大小,全新的电子化结算与支付方式将买组织投资的整体回报率Economies of scale are realized , 使您无须再打印结算清单与支付邮资,也无须再投入大量的enabling lower cost of goods and increasing the buying 人力处理支付过程No matter what size your business is, organization’s overall return on investment 、 emerging alternatives will save you from having to point 28 个人并不就是利用实物交易的惟一实体 Individuals statemen ts, pay for postage, and dedicate large numbers aren’t the only ones taking advantage of s、 of people to processing payments、 29 我怎么也意想不到那个时候她会突然出现 I never 2客户可以在线审核结算清单、即刻完成转账 Customers thought that he would pop up then、 can review statements online and transfer funds 30 这不仅可以给您带来一些本不可能的新买卖,而且还有助instantly、于您生意的发展 Not only can it 31 bringnew sales that 3 该报告声称价值源于业务的改进而非成本的节约 The you never would have had , but it helps promote your report states that the value comes from business business improvement rather than cost savings、 32所有这些趋势都毫无疑问地对电子商务市场产生着深远的4 edocs意识到此类技术具有更大的使用范围,因而避免使用影响。
05355自考--广东商务英语翻译复习资料
5355商务英语翻译复习资料1.词汇1. CEO ( Chief Executive Officer) 首席执行官2. Customer Service Section 客户服务部3. APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经合组织4. L/C (letter of credit) 信用证5. FOB (free on board) 离岸价6. packing list 装箱单7. export license 出口许可证8. commercial contract 商业合同9. non-firm offer 虚盘10. port of shipment 装运港11. insurance policy 保单12. confirmed letter of credit 保兑信用证13. shipping documents 装运单据14. draft/bill of exchange 汇票15. marks and nos. 唛头及编号1. COO (Chief Operating Officer) 首席运营官2. After-sales Dept. 售后服务部3. OPEC (organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) 石油输出国组织4. import license 进口许可证5. loan agreement 贷款协议6. documentary L/C 跟单信用证7. port of loading 装货港8. insurance premium 保费9. to enter into a contract 签订合同10. bill of lading 提单11. L/C (letter of credit) 信用证12. draft/bill of exchange 汇票13. marks and nos. 唛头及编号14. sight draft 即期汇票15. international conventions and practice 国际惯例2.句子翻译We shall give prompt and best attention to any inquiries and provide adequate information as well.译文：任何询盘我们都会迅速而完善地处理，并提供足够的信息。
自考商务英语翻译词汇
• Coverage险别 • Premium 保险费 • Underwriter保险人 • Establishment开立 • Counter-offer还盘 • Counter-suggestion反还盘 • Bid递盘 • Surcharges附加费 • Proforma invoice形式发票
• Packing list 装箱单 • Inspection certification检验证书 • Force majeure不可抗力 • Property rights知识产权 • Royalty提成费 • Trimming charges平仓费 • Insurance policy保险单 • Open policy预约保单 • Accessory risk附加险
• Commission agent 佣金代理商 • Commission sale代售 • Volume of sales销售量 • Different specification规格不符 • Incomplete packing包装不全 • Counter-claim反索赔 • Mala fide claim骗赔 • Diversified enterprise多角经营的企业
• Irrevocable letter of credit不可撤销 信用证
• Clearance sale清仓削价销售 • C.B.D付现提货 • CIF到岸价 • FOB离岸价 • Floating policy统保单 • Turnover营业额 • Foreign exchange外汇 • Barter易货贸易
• Commercial world商界 • Demand over supply供不应求 • Depressed market萧条市场 • End-products制成品 • Direct sales直接销售 • Credit man信用调查员 • Corner the market垄断市场 • Consumer price index物价指示
自考商务英语翻译知识点
自考商务英语翻译知识点自考商务英语翻译有哪些重要的知识点呢?接下来店铺为你整理了自考商务英语翻译知识点，一起来看看吧。
自考商务英语翻译知识点(一)1. Enclosed please find a copy of our price list.随函附上我方价目表一份，请查收。
2.However，up to the present writing, we have not had the pleasure of hearing from you. 然而，迄今为止未见贵方赐复。
3. We should be much obliged if you could make us a firm offer for 100 tons. 如能报给我方一个100的实盘，我方将不胜感激。
4.Your early reply will be highly appreciated.Your prompt cooperation will be highly appreciated.5. If you will kindly inform us as to his financial standing, reliability andreputation for paying bills, we shall greatly appreciate the favor. 如蒙贵方将他的信用状况及付款方面的信誉状况告知我方，我方将非常感激。
6....fall/come within the scope of our business activities...是我们的业务范围7.....enter into/establish direct business relations 建立直接的业务关系8.FOB：Free on Board 离岸价 CFR;Cost and FreightCIF;Cost，Insurance and Freight9. pay on demand 见票即汇 at a future fixed timeBearer 持票人 at a 60 days sightSight bill 即期汇票 time bill 远期汇票Seventy-five thousand only(整)Negotiable 转让 drawer 出票人 drawee 授票人 endorsement 背书10.Collection 托收 Document Against Payment D/P 付款交单Document Against Acceptance D/A 承兑交单Shipping documents货运单据： Performa invoice 形式发票，Commercial invoice商业发票， Bill of landing提单(B/L)Inspection certificate 商检证 Shipping advice 装运通知Policy of insurance 保险单 Customs declaration 报关单Bill of exchange 汇票(Draft) Letter of Credit 信用证(L/C)Certificate of origin 产地证明 Clean bill 清洁提单 Unclean bill12.Effect/make paymentThe full payment is effectedEffect/make shipment (of the ordered goods)13. PS: Poster Script 备注14.Rules in Business English(5C)Clear. Concise. Complete. Correct. Concrete.15. Irrevocable L/C 不可撤销的L/CRevocable L/C 可撤销的L/C16.词语叠用Sole and exclusive Effective and efficient Final and conclusive True and correct Force and effect Type and kind Power and authority Obligation and responsibilityBind and obligate Finish and completeRelieve and discharge Request and demand自考商务英语翻译知识点(二)1. This company specialized in importing textile.我们公司专营纺织品的进口业务。
自考-电子商务英语-语句翻译大全
自考-电子商务英语-语句翻译大全1.他已成为各种贸易和商务的强有力的手段It hasbecome a powerful medium and businesstransactions of all kinds2.电子贸易指网上财务往来电子商务则指有形式的网上交易E-commerce refers to financial transactionsover the Web and e-business refers to all formsof transactions over the Wed3.客户服务已经是并将继续是一个主要的竞争因素Customer service has been and continues to be amajor competitive factor4.电子商务的交易通常涉及几个互动的步骤E-businesstransactions often involve several interactivesteps5.那将给你以极大的竞争优势That will give you aserious advantage over your competition6.当你的公司电子商务化后，你与客户之间的关系就改变了When you become an e-business you transformyour relationship with your customers7.客户关系管理在你的商务程序中起决定作用Your mostcritical business process is customerrelationship management8.我们必须尽最大可能的利用我们已有的资源We mustmake the best possible use of the resources we have 9.男孩子们依次被召入会见考官The boys were summonedin turn to see the examiner10.他做一切事情都不考虑后果He does everythingregardless of the consequences11.这部分我们讨论企业的产品和服务以及行业和因特网的信息In this section we discuss the firm’sproduct or service along with information aboutthe industry and internet12.客户将能够舒舒服服的在家里享用信息，产品和服务Customers will be able to consume informationproduct and service from the comfort of the homes 13.在因特网上可以直接得到信息产品和服务，这就省掉了中间商，还会引起经济萎缩The internet allowsdirect access to information product and servicewhich cuts out middlemen and causes economicdeflation14.投资于该计划的机构在审核该商务计划时会有兴趣了解公司任何在竞争中取胜Institutions financingthe project which going through the business planwill be very interested in knowing how the companyis going to beat the competition15.该计划应对如何达到目标市场做出描述The planshould describe how the target markets are to bereached16.如果产品是在因特网上提供的无形信息就应该创造某种定价模式来调节价格If the product is intangibleinformation delivered over the internet oneshould try to create some sort of pricing modelto justify its prices17.网站最初将包含哪些特点及未来的扩展计划是怎样的What features will be incorporated in the siteinitially and what are the plans for futureenhancement or expansion18.你必须有计划的安排这些步骤以便将你的提议变成现实You must lay out the steps to make your proposala reality19.务必打个电话让我们知道你已安全的回家Be sure toring and let us know you’ve got back safely 20.这家旅馆可以为80位客人提供住宿，此外还有几个可供客人自己开火的套间The hotel itself canaccommodate 80 guests and in addition there areseveral self-catering apartments21.需要12个月来实施的战略也不可能成功 A strategythat requires more than 12 months to execute isalso unlikely to succeed22.当一个企业准备建立电子商务时他应该考虑清楚实现其战略目标的其他可选择的途径When preparing toestablish an e-business presence enterprisesshould explicitly consider alternative ways toattain the strategic objectives23.我们要在出发前把一切规划好We should geteverything planned out before our departure 24.正如把电子商务战略融入整体电子商务战略中是重要的一样，把商务评价系统融入进来也同样重要Just asit is important to integrate the e-businessstrategy into the overall business strategy it isequally important to integrate business model25.那样，最好的途径可能是开发新的潜能，改善现存的商业过程去实施新的商业模式In such instances thebest approach may be to build new capabilities andtransform existing business processes toimplement a new business model 26.评价一个人要充分考虑他的成绩We should take fullaccount of his achievements while evaluatingsomeone27.有时可以创立一个内在电子商务单位，然后把这单位分割出去成为独立的法人In some cases it may bedesirable to create an internal e-business unitand then spin off the unit as a separate legalentity28.这一前景理论上可行但实际上吹嘘过度Whilepossible in theory the promise was clearlyoversold29.这当然是重要的，但是董事会层面却远远不能理解While that is certainly important theunderstanding needed at the board level goes wellbeyond that30.为了获得市场份额，他们必须竭尽全力To gain marketshare they will go to great lengths31.然而，他解释说，设立两种对立的定价系统在某些时候可能导致不良企图的滋生However he explains thatsetting up two separate pricing systems is likelyto generate ill will at some point32.守住承诺适用于客服务过程的每一步Followingthrough on your promises applies to every step ofthe customer-service process33.这就解释了顾客通过同类比较发现的任何差别Thiswill account for any differential a customeruncovers using an apples-to-apples comparison 34.我们要事先准备所有申请材料We must have all theapplication materials prepared in advance35.你需要确定顾客需要你的某种产品的原因和你的电脑怎样才能满足那种需求You need to identify why yourcustomer needs your specific computer and how yourcomputer meets that need36.在商业中，客户服务对于其成长和繁荣至关重要In any business customer service is vital to growth and prosperity37.网络让你们建立起确实的一对一的动态关系The internet permits you to build a dynamicrelationships that are really one on one38.它确实需要你重新思考你的整个经营方式和管理企业的策略It really involves rethinking the entireway you do business and how you run your organization39.钱本身并不重要，重要的是钱的用途Money is not the end in itself but the application of it is mostimportant40.一旦有人跟你联系就要回应Once you’re contactedbe responsive41.一开始，这个公司没有管理和业务计划，到现在为止一切进展顺利At the outset the company had no management and operations plan in place and things have worked out just fine so far42.我们在销售厂家的婴儿产品的同时也提供生活方式和健康方面的信息We provide lifestyle andhealthcare information along with baby productsthat we sell for manufacturers43.这家公司预期1999年实现每月50%的增长The company expected a mouth-to-month growth rate of 50 percent 199944.预测存货需求最初对这个公司来说是件棘手的事情，但公司仅仅用了几个月时间就在网上找到了销售和存货的感觉Predicting inventory needs was tricky forthe company at first though it only took it a fewmonths online to develop a sense of sales and inventory45.现在，这家公司在刚刚建立自己的网站之后，正在寻求在其他玩具制造商曾经失败过的网上玩具商务中取得成功Now with its newly launched Wed site the company ia looking to succeed in the online toy business where others have failed46.网络圣杯是导致实际良好利润的专利内容The Holy Grail on the internet is proprietary content that leads to really good margins47.在求学的道路上，我们准备克服很多的困难On the way of study we must be ready to grapple with many difficulties48.至于在竞争中保持领先地位的问题，我们公司以产品挑选余地大和有两的服务和信息而引人注意When it comes to staying ahead of the competition our company distinguishes itself through a broad product selection and excellent service and information49.网络是一个及时的媒体，它让人为之兴奋，因为他迫使我们保证尽快送货The internet is a very timely medium which is exciting because it puts pressureon us to make sure we’re delivering as quicklyas possible50.我们必须想办法进入敌人的电脑获得情报We have to manage to get access to engmy’s computer and then get the intelligence51.CRM的目标是在企业的销售市场和顾客服务等活动之间建立一种协作，已获得和保持客户群CRM’s goal isto create a synergy among sales marketing andcustomer-service activities within anorganization in order to obtain and retaincustomers52.在许多公司里，部门之间的业务是不同的，所以你需要与你的业务相匹配的软件The lines betweendepartments are different in many companies andyou want the software to match your business 53.90年代早期这些公司摒弃了办公室哦写形式而进入了电子邮件和自动报表时代They abandonedcarbon-paper forms and dove into e-mail andautomated reports in the early 1990’s54.因为你无需定制软件包，所以你的公司只需几个礼拜而不是几个月的时间就可以实现电子化Because youdon’t need to customize these packages they canget you online within weeks instead of months55.严寒使水结冰Frost turns water into ice56.这常常需要定制软件It often calls for customizedsoftware57.选择一个CRM解决方案也是一次检验你业务的机会Choosing a CRM solution is also an opportunityexamine your business practices58.许多公司把eCRM看做是他们呼叫中心的自然扩充Manycompanies see eCRM as a natural extension of theircall centers59.每一个销售商都拥有庞大而稳固的技术支持力量和能帮助安装设备的合作伙伴Each of the vendors has alarge established base of supporting and partnersthat can assist with installations60.小企业也可以利用那些致力于销售自动化的网络公司的服Smaller organizations can also take advantageof the services of dot-com companies which focuson sales-force automation1 不论你业务的规模大小，全新的电子化结算与支付方式将使你无须再打印结算清单和支付邮资，也无须再投入大量的人力处理支付过程 No matter what size your business is, emerging alternatives will save you from having to point statements, pay for postage, and dedicate large numbers of people to processing payments.2客户可以在线审核结算清单、即刻完成转账Customers can review statements online and transfer funds instantly.3 该报告声称价值源于业务的改进而非成本的节约The report states that the value comes from business improvement rather than cost savings.4 edocs意识到此类技术具有更大的使用范围，因而避免使用EBPP这一术语而倾向于称其为因特网结算与客户管理Recognizing the large scope of these technologies , edocs eschews the term EBPP in favor of Internet billing and customer management.5 她说出了种种理由，但没有一条令人信服She presented a variety of reasons ,but none was convincing6 电子化结算能简化你绝大部分支付程序You’ll be able to streamline most of the process by billing your customer electronically.7 EBPP能降低你公司用于客户支持的费用EBPP can cut down the cost of your company’s customer support.8 传统的兑换方式惟有通过在结算单上填塞广告而获利Traditional billing methods present lucrative opportunities to stuff statements with ads.9 对客户而言，EBPP意味着随时随地可以了解账户数据T o the customer, EBPP means access to account data at any time , from anywhere.10 最妙的是，消费者无需再料理一大堆乱糟糟的账单 Best of all ,customer don’t have to deal with the clutter of bills.11 需要新的搜索方法以及能够将Web站点自动分类的软件New paradigms of searching are needed as well as new software that is able to categorize web sites automatically.12 信息和数据检索技术研发的目的在于提高检索的功用和效率The research and development in information and date retrieval is aimed at improving the effectiveness and efficiency of retrieval13 为了得到更好的检索结果，不仅需要提高检索引擎的技术，而且需要改进用户界面 In order to review better search results, it is not only necessary to improve the search engine technology , but also the user interface.14 文本信息嵌入到了特殊文件格式的二进制结构中 Thetextual information is embedded into the binary structure of the particular file format.15你这些乱糟糟的东西占用了太多的空间 Your cluttertakes up far too much space.16 它是便宜的，但在另一方面，质量很差It’s cheap , buton the other hand , the quality is poor.17 在网上手动分类导致极少的搜索结果Manual process of classifying on the web result in very few search results.18 那些不说英语或不以英语为本族语的人在互联网上受到很大的限制 People who do not speak English or who are non-native English speakers have many disadvantages on the web .19 按照信息的重要性进行分类也非常有必要It is necessary to rank information by importance.20 那机会太好了，不能错过That’s too good anopportunity to miss.21要在电子商务新时代获得成功，企业必须最大限度地扩大雇员在电子商务活动中的参与程度 To be successful in thenew age of electronic commerce, commerce , enterprisesmust be able to maximize the participation of their employees in e-commerce initiatives.22愿意买该产品或服务的人越多，价格就降的越多The more people willing to buy the product or service , the further the price drops.23 与过去两年相比，我们几年的销售额增加了一倍Compared with last two years , we have doubled the sales figure this year.24 各种各样规模的企业正加入到互联网经济中来，因此电子商务正迅速地改变着商业 Enterprises of all size arejoining the Internet economy and thus electronic commerce is rapidly transforming business.25 现在出现的一个焦点领域是间接采购，它是一项与用于企业经营的货物和服务的购买关联的开支Presently an emerging area of focus is indirect procurement , which is the spending associated with acquiring the goods and services required to run the enterprise.26 互联网采购自动化能够减少每一订单70%的申请费用Internet procurement automation has the potential toreduce requisition processing costs by 70% per order.27 规模经济得到乐实现，从而降低乐产品的成本，增加了购买组织投资的整体回报率 Economies of scale are realized ,enabling lower cost of goods and increasing the buying orga nization’s overall return on investment .28 个人并不是利用实物交易的惟一实体Individualsaren’t the only ones taking advantage of swapping. 29 我怎么也意想不到那个时候他会突然出现 I never thought that he would pop up then.30 这不仅可以给你带来一些本不可能的新买卖，而且还有助于你生意的发展Not only can it 31 bring new sales that you neverwould have had , but it helps promote your business 32所有这些趋势都毫无疑问地对电子商务市场产生着深远的影响。
自学考试国际商务英语必背重点翻译
1、国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易,它涉及到许多因素,因而此国内贸易要复杂得多。
International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is morecomplicated than, domestic business.2、有形贸易是指将在一国生产或制造的商品,出口或进口到另一国消费或转售。
Visible trade refers to exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in an-other.3、外国直接投资,简称FDI。
投资者通过控制其投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。
Foreign direct investments of FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.4、国民生产总值指一个经济体凭借其居民拥有的资产和劳动力所生产的货物和服务的市场价值。
GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.5、日本和中国是重要贸易伙伴,两国经济互补,又是一衣带水的近邻。
中日贸易关系对两国都有重要的意义。
With mutually complementary economy, Japanand China are major trade partners, and the two countries are close neighbours separated only by a strip of water. Sino-Japanese relationsare therefore of great importance to both countries.6、加拿大和美国有很长的共同边境,而且大部分加拿大居民居住在边境地区。
自考商务英语翻译
I. Multiple Choices 20 points; 2 points for each1.It is not surprising; then; that the world saw a return to afloating exchange rate system. Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies.A.在这种情况下;世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了..各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了..B.不足为奇;全世界看到了汇率的回归;因此各国中央银行无需维持本币的汇价了..C.此时此刻;世界各国又恢复了移动的交换比率;因此各国中央银行无需维持本币汇价..D.在这种情况下;全世界又恢复了浮动交换率;这已不足为奇了;因此各国中央银行也就无需维持本币价格了..2．Assuming the laboratory tests go well; and you can quote us a competitive price; we would certainly be able to place more substantial orders on a regular basis.A.假定实验室检验顺利;并且你的报价有竞争力;我们会大量向贵公司订货的..B.若实验室检验合格;且你们给我们的报价具有竞争力;我们一定会定期大量订货的..C.若实验室检验良好;且你们给出的报价具有竞争性;我们一定会定期定量订货的..D.假定实验室发展良好;且你们的报价具有竞争力;我们一定会大量定期订货的..3．Chinese researchers have made a breakthrough in developing new materials for nickel-hydrogen batteries used in low temperatures;Inhaul reported.A.中国研究者已经在开发新材料用于低温下使用的镍氢电池方面有了突破;据新华社报道..B.新华社报道;中国科学家在从事新材料制造低温镍氢电池方面有了突破..C.新华社报道;中国研究人员在开发利用新材料制造在低温下使用的镍氢电池方面已有了突破..D.中国研究者在开发新材料制造低温镍氢电池有了重大突破;这是新华社报道的..4. Since the initiation of economic reforms in the late 1970s;China has achieved impressive economic growth coupled with significant structural transformation.A.自从20世纪70年代末中国的经济改革以来;获得了很大的经济增长;并转变了经济结构..B.20世纪70年代中国首创经济体制改革;取得了巨大经济增长和结构调整..C.中国自从20世纪70年代末开始经济改革以来;经济增长显而易见;结构调整也日新月异..D.中国自从20世纪70年代末开始经济改革以来;已取得了令人瞩目的经济增长和重大的结构转变..5．The financial information provided by an accounting system is needed by managerial decision makers to help them plan and control the activities of the economic entity.A.会计系统提供的金融信息对于帮助管理层决策人员制定计划和控制该经济实体的活动而言是不可或缺的..B.金融信息是由会计系统提供;它对于管理决策者是必须的;能制订计划和提供经济活动..C.会计系统提供的金融信息对于帮助管理决策者计划和控制经济部门非常重要..D.金融信息由会计师提供;对于管理部门制定计划和控制经济部门非常重要..6．Unemployment in America as of mid-1990 was running near 5.25 percent .That is somewhat higher than used to be considered full employment; but it is not a serious figure in the aggregate.A.失业在美国达 5.25%;比以前认为的高一些;但问题不严重;虽没有充分就业..B.1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25%..按以往的标准;这个比例偏高;没有达到充分就业..但就整体来说问题并不严重..C.失业率在美国达5.25%;超出历届比率;但整体不严重..D.1990年年中美国失业高达5.25%..比过去计划的比例高..没有达到充分就业..但这并不严重..7. Nations will usually produce and export those goods in which theyhave the greatest comparative advantage; and import those items in which they have the least comparative advantage.A.国家将通常生产和出口那些产品;他们最有竞争力的;进口那些最无竞争力的产品..B.国家通常生产出口最有竞争力产品;进口最无力竞争产品..C.各国通常都生产和出口那些他们最具有比较优势的产品;而进口那些他们最不具备比较优势的产品..D.各国将总是生产和出口那些最有竞争力产品;而往往进口最无力竞争产品..8．This contract is made by and between the buyers and the sellers;whereby the buyers agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.A.本合同是在买方和卖方之间订立的;买方愿意买;卖方愿意卖;他们同意订立以下规定的条款..B.这个合同是被买方和买方即它们之间订立的;买卖双方同意照下列条款订立合同内容..C.本合同由买卖双方共同订立;并按照下列条款设定内容及买卖商品..D.本合同由买卖双方订立;因此买卖双方同意按照下面规定的条款购买以下商品..9．Multinational bank’s services include issuing letter of credit;buying and selling foreign exchange; issuing banker’s acceptances; accepting Eurocurrency deposits; making Eurocurrency loans; and assisting in the marketing of Eurobonds.A.跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券..B.跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开立银行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行欧洲货币债券..C.跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外币、开立银行承兑、接受欧洲各国存款、提供贷款及援助债券..D.跨国银行提供的服务如下：开立信用证、买卖外币、开立银行承兑、接受欧洲货币存储、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券..10．Lucas film; for example; receives a percentage of the sales made by companies marketing Star War; thus Lucas film’s revenues increase with each additional toy that Parker Kenner’s sells in the United Kingdom.A.举例来说;卢卡斯制片公司承担了影片星球大战的部分销售任务..因此该公司在英国的代理帕克肯勒公司每销售出一部拷贝;就能使该公司的收益增加..B.举例来说;卢卡斯制片公司通过其他公司推销星球大战的拷贝从销售额中按一定比例抽成;这样帕克肯勒公司在英国每销售一部拷贝就能使卢卡斯公司增加收入..C.举例来说;卢卡斯制片公司通过比例抽成的办法让其他公司推销星球大战;这样帕克肯勒公司在英国每卖一部盗版牒就能使卢卡斯公司受益..D.举例来说;卢卡斯电影公司通过其他公司推销星球大战的拷贝从销售额中抽成获益;这样帕克肯勒公司在英国每售出一部拷贝就能使卢卡斯公司增加收入..Ⅱ. Phrase Translation from English to Chinese 20 points; 1 point for each11.Canton Fair 广交会12.Discount for cash 贴现mission sale 代售14.CIF net 到岸净价15.Actual price 实价16.Beat the price down 压价17.Decline an offer 拒绝发盘18.Initial payment 首期付款19.Accessory risk 附加险20.Cargo in drum 桶装21.Bale packaging 打包22.Master package 外包装23.Shipping advice 装船通知24.over shipment 溢装25.Partials shipment 分批装运26.Demand bill 即期汇票 sight bill/draft at sight27.Aggregate amount 总金额28.Advising bank 通知行29.Amount in figures 小写金额30.Circular credit 循环信用证Ⅲ. Translation Improvement from English to Chinese .For each English sentence; there is one or more errors in the translation provided .Please write the whole of your improved version in the space provided. 20 points; 2 points for each31.原文:If a firm anticipates the future imposition of quotas;its strategy will be to gain as much market share as possibleregardless of profitability.译文：如果公司预计未来会对配额征税;该公司就会不考虑赢利性而是尽可能实施拓宽市场的策略..改进的译文：......而是实施尽可能拓展市场的策略..32.原文：The corporate charter also authorizes the corporationto issue and sell shares of stock; or ownership in the corporation; to enable the corporation to raise money.译文：公司营业执照授权公司发行和销售股票;认购公司的所有权为公司筹措资金..改进的译文：公司章程授权公司发行和销售股票的份额或在该公司的的所有权为公司筹措资金..33.原文：The seller must deliver goods which are of the quantity;quality and descriptions required by the contract and whichare contained or packed in the manner required by the contract.译文：卖方交付的货物必须与合同所规定的数量、质量和描述一致;并按照合同的方式装箱或包装..改进的译文：描述改为规格34.原文：The financing of the sale often involves bills ofexchange and documentary credits.译文：商品销售的金融状况包括:汇票和跟单信用证..改进的译文：商品买卖的货款收付情况体现在......35.原文：Over the period from 1978 to 1996; many of thedistortions and rigidities of the former central planningsystem were eliminated and market forces came to play anincreasingly important role in economic decision making.译文:自1978到1996年这段时间里;在中央计划经济体制下过去的扭曲和死板被抛弃了;市场力量在经济决策中起了越来越重要的作用.改进的译文:在扭曲和死板的后面加上“的做法”36.原文: All services in business —such as giftwrapping ;delivery ;and credit—have some amount of costs associated with them; and these costs must be covered by higher prices.译文: 商业中所有的服务—--诸如礼品包装、送货以及帐----都有相应的成本;而这些成本要靠较高的价格来覆盖.改进的译文: 帐改为赊账37.原文: The United State systems work by means of a series ofclosely tabulated favors and obligations carefully doled out where they will do the most good.译文:美国的制度是在一系列周密安排的恩惠和义务的基础上来运行的;而且施予恩惠和承担义务都必须以获取最大的利益为前提.改进的译文: 美国的制度是在一系列安排周密的恩惠和义务的基础上来运行的;而且施予恩惠和承担义务都必须以获取最大的利益为前提.38.原文:A developing economy with an impressive development planrequires large imports of capital goods; technology; raw materials and other inputs and consumer goods to carry out the plan effectively.译文:一个具有宏伟发展计划的发展中国国家;为了有效地实施其发展计划;可能需要大量进口资本货物、技术、原材料;消费品和其它输入品..改进的译文:可能需要改为必须39.原文:International trade occurs when a country does not haveenough of a particular item to meet its needs.译文:国际贸易发生在一个国家没有足够的特定项目满足自己的需求..改进的译文:当一个国家没有足够的特定项目满足自己的要求时;就会产生国际贸易..40.原文:A firm’s involvement in exporting products can rangefrom a minimal commitment all the way to considering exports as necessary for the firm’s survival and growth.译文:一个公司在产品出口中卷入各不相同;从最低程度的参与一直到将出口视为公司生存和发展必要条件的参与都会存在..改进的译文: 各公司在出口产品中参与的程度各不相同;从最低程度的参与一直到将出口视为公司生存和发展必要条件的参与都会存在..Ⅳ. Business Letter Translation from English to Chinese 20 points 41.Dear Sirs;We have just bought from the producers a large quantity of highquality rugs and carpets at low prices.As you are one of our regular customers; we would like you to share in the excellent opportunities our purchase provides.We can offer you woolen carpets with traditional patterns in a variety of colors at prices ranging from $100 to $150 per square foot .These prices are 5% below current wholesale prices.This is an exceptional opportunity for you to buy a stock of high quality products at prices we cannot repeat and we hope you will take full advantage of it. If you are interested; please contact our representative in Shanghai; not later than next Friday; March of 6th.Sincerely yours;Ⅴ. Contract translation from English to Chinese 20 points42.(1)Terms of payment : By 100% confirmed; Irrevocable;Transferable and Divisible Letter of Credit to be available by sight draft and to remain valid for negotiation in China until the 15th day after the aforesaid time of shipment.(2)Quality Discrepancy :In case of quality discrepancy ;claimshould be filed by the buyers within 3 months after the arrival of the goods at port of destination; while of quantitydiscrepancy; claim should be filed by the Buyers within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination .It is understood that the sellers shall not be liable for any lost of the goods shipped due to causes for which the Insurance Company ;Shipping Company ;other transportation organization or Post Office are liable.(3)Shipping Documents: The seller shall present the followingdocuments to the bank of China for negotiation of payment:1.Invoice in triplicate the invoice shall bear thecontract’s number;2.Clean on board Bill of Lading in duplicate;3.Certificate of quality and weight issued by the China Import＆Export Commodity Inspection Bureau each in triplicate;4.Insurance policy.。
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第二套试卷1.Often an individual must supply personal accountinginformation in order to buy a car or home, to qualify for a college scholarship, to secure a credit card, or to obtain a bank loan. Large corporations are accountable to their stockholders, to governmental agencies, and to the public.A.通常，个人为了买车，买房，为了获得大学奖学金，申请信用卡或从银行贷款，都必须出具本人的财务资料，大公司有责任向其股东，政府机构和广大公众说明公司的财务状况。
B.一般来说，个人为了买车,房和奖学金，信用卡或从银行贷款,都必须出具证明，大公司必须出具财物证明给政府代表和大众。
C.通常, 个人为房为车会向银行贷款，并提供财务资财，而公司出具财产说明给股东和政府机关。
D.通常，个人为了买车,买房,为了获得大学奖学金，申请信用卡或从银行贷款，都必须出具本人的财务资料，大公司有责任向股东,政府代表和广大公众说明公司的财务状况。
2.Should for certain reasons the Buyers not be able to informthe Seller of the foregoing details 10 days prior to the arrivalof the vessel at the port of loading or should the carrying vessel be advanced or delayed, the Buyer or their chartering agent shall advise the Sellers immediately and make necessary arrangement.A.由于某种原因，买方不能于装运轮抵达装运港十天前，将有关详情通知卖方或装运轮提前或推迟到达，买方或其运输代理人须立刻通知卖方做出必要的安排。
B.由于某种原因买方不能于装运轮到达装运港10天前将上面具体内容通知卖方或装运轮提前或推迟到达，买方或其运输代理人需立刻通知卖方并做出必要的安排。
C.若买方由于某种原因不能于装运轮到达装运港10天前将上面的内容通知卖方，或装运轮提前或推迟到达，买方或其运输代理人须立刻通知卖方并做出必要的安排。
D.若买方由于某种原因不能于装运轮到达装运港10天前将有关内容通知卖方，或装运轮提前或推迟到达，买方或其运输代理人需马上通知卖方并做出必要的安排。
3.All the banking charges incurred in Licensee’s Bank shall beborne by Licensee while those incurred outside Licensee’s Bank shall be borne by Licensor.A.所有在许可方银行发生的费用均由其承担，所由在许可方银行外发生的银行费用由许可方承担。
B.所有在被许可方银行发生的费用均由被许可方承担，所有在被许可方银行外发生的银行费用由许可方承担。
C.所有在许可方银行发生的费用均由被许可方承担，所有在被许可方银行外发生的银行费用由被许可方承担。
D.所有在被许可方银行发生的费用均由被许可方承担，所有在许可方银行外发生的银行费用由被许可方承担。
4.It was found that a country benefits more by producing goodsit can make most cheaply and buying those goods that other countries can make at lower costs than by producing everything it needs within its own border.A.人们发现，一个国家只生产成本耗费最低的产品，而从其他国家出售它们用较低成本生产的产品，这比在国内生产自家所需要的一切产品要划算得多。
B.人们发现，一个国家只生产成本耗费最低的产品，而从其他国家购买它们用较低成本生产的产品，这比在国内生产自家所需要的一切产品要划算得多。
C.人们发现，一个国家只生产成本耗费较低得产品，而从其他国家购买它们用较低成本生产的产品，这比在国内生产自家所需要的一切产品要划算得多。
D.人们发现。
一个国家只生产成本耗费最低的产品，而从其他国家购买它们用最低成本生产的产品，这比在国内生产自家所需要的一切产品要划算的多。
5.This Convention does not prevail over any internationalagreement which has already been or may be entered into and which contains provisions concerning the matters governed by this Convention.A.本公约并不优先于业已缔结或可能缔结并载有与本公约范围内事项有关的条款的任何国际协定。
B.本公约并不优先于业已缔结或可能缔结并载有与本公约有关条款的任何国际协定。
C.本公约并不优先于业已缔结或可能缔结并载有与属于本公约事项有关条款的任何国际协定。
D.本公约并不优先于业已缔结或可能缔结的与本公约有关条款的任何国际协定。
6.Floating policy is of great importance for export trade; it is, infact, a convenient method of insuring goods where a number of similar export transactions are intended, e.g. where the insured has to supply an overseas importer, under an exclusive sales agreement or maintains sales representativesor subsidiary companies abroad.A.统保单对出口贸易至关重要.它实际上是货物保险中的一种便利的方法，特别适合于分不同的时间出口的一批类似货物，如当被保险方根据独家代理协议书向国外的进口方供货,或在国外委任了销售代表，设立分支机构时用之。
B.流动性对出口贸易至关重要.它实际上是货物保险中的一种便利的方法，特别适合于分不同的时间出口的一批类似货物，如当被保险方根据独家代理协议书向国外的进口方供货，或在国外委任了销售代表，设立分支机构时用之。
C.流动基金对出口贸易至关重要，它实际上是货物保险中的一种便利的方法，特别适合于分不同的时间出口的一批类似货物, 如, 当被保险方根据独家代理协议书向国外的进口方供货, 或在国外委任了销售代表,设立分支机构时用之。
D.流动政策对出口贸易至关重要.它实际上是货物保险中的一种便利的方法，特别适合于分不同的时间出口的一批类似货物, 如, 当被保险方根据独家代理协议书向国外的进口方供货, 或在国外委任了销售代表, 设立分支机构时用之。
7.A foreign business representative, neither overly sympathetictoward China nor overly disposed against it, would need to be convinced on a number of scores before he could responsibly commit his firm to taking an equity position in a Chinese enterprise.A.一个对中国既无过度好感又无过度恶感的企业代表,在代表公司在华投资,与一定中国企业形成平等股权关系之前,必须考虑许多因素。
B.一个对中国既无同情感又无过度丑感的企业代表, 在代表公司在华投资, 与一定中国企业形成平等股权关系之前, 必须考虑许多因素。
C.一个对中国既无过度感情又无过度感觉的企业代表,在代表公司在华投资, 与一定中国企业形成平等股权关系之前, 必须考虑许多因素。
D.一个对中国既无过度谅解又无过度反对的企业代表,在代表公司在华投资, 与一定中国企业形成平等股权关系之前, 必须考虑许多因素。
8.The underwriter realizes this and certainly does not set out tomake life difficult for his agency colleagues. However, he hasa job to do .Part of that job is to ensure that people whoattempt to buy policies because they expect to ‘die’ soon do not succeed in fooling him and his company.A.核保人认识到这一点，当然不会给他的代理同事出难题，但是他又有工作要做，其中部分工作是，确保那些因预期很快死亡而想方设法去购买保单的人其欺骗自己和公司的企图不能得逞。
B.写字人认识到这一点, 当然不会给他的代理同事出难题, 但是他又有工作要做, 其中部分工作是, 确保那些因预期很快‘死亡’而想方设法去购买保单的人其欺骗自己和公司的企图不能得逞。
C.核保人认识到这一点, 当然不会给他的代理同事出难题, 但是他又有工作要做, 其中部分工作是, 确保那些因预期很快死亡而想方设法去购买保单的人其欺骗自己和公司的企图不得成功。
D.核保人认识到这一点, 当然不会给他的代理同事出难题, 但是他又有工作要做, 其中部分工作是, 确保那些因预期很快消沉而想方设法去购买保单的人其欺骗自己和公司的企图不能得逞。
9.Shipping details, including whether transshipments areallowed. Also recorded should be the latest date for shipment and the names of the ports of shipment and discharge.A.装船细节: 包括是否允许转运以及装船的最后日期和装船，卸货的港口名称。