英语语法----直接引语和间接引语

直接引语和间接引语

一、定义：

直接引语：使用引号引出别人的原话。

间接引语：用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。

二、直接引语和间接引语的转换

直接引语变间接引语时，要注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化。

1.人称变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不变化。

一随主：即把直接引语中的第一人称变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。

He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。

→He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变)与主语一致

二随宾：即把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人)相一致的人称。

She said to Mary ,”How do you ?”go to work everyday?”

→She asked Mary how she went to work everyday.

与宾语一致

第三人称不变化：即直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。

He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”

He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。（She’s→she had，her不变，your→my）

2.时态变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的时态相应的向过去推一个时态。

He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”

→He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。

注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老师说：“地球是圆的。”

→The teacher said that the earth is round.老师说地球是圆的。

1、句式变化

①接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。

如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."

→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

②接引语如果是反意疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语

从句。选择疑问句必须用whether…or…

如：He said, "Can you swim, John?"

→He asked John if he could swim.

"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked.

→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"

→He asked me whether I went to school by bus or by bike.

③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"

→ She asked me when they had their dinner.

④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb.(not) to do sth."句型。如："Don’t make any noise," she said to the children.

→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.

"Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.

→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

⑤直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：

He said, " Let’s go to the film."

→He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.

2、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化

John said,” this is my cellphone”.

John said (that)that was his cellphone.

注意：说话者在当时、当地转述别人的话时，时间状语和地点状语不变。