高考英语书面表达讲解与训练——开放性写作

高考英语书面表达讲解与训练——开放性写作

一. 教学内容：

书面表达讲解与训练

开放性写作（北京卷）

开放性写作是北京卷近两年增加的第二篇作文，英文为open-ending composition。它所给提示比较简单，要求学生根据提供的情景，写一段接续文字。这篇作文要求学生充分发挥想象力和创造力，自己拓展主题，组织篇章结构，既能体现出学生活跃的思维，又能表现出他们的逻辑思维能力和灵活运用英语的能力。它要求学生必须在短时间内写出一篇内容充实新颖、思想健康、符合逻辑、交际得体的，字数不少于50个字的作文。

写作注意要点：

1. 审题要准，定位要清。

即：审语境、审人称、审时态。注意写作对象和语言风格，要有读者的意识，看文章是以第几人称出现；说话的对象是谁；看清题目要求。

2. 逻辑清晰，合情合理。

要做到思想健康，积极向上。要力求内容新颖，必须符合逻辑。

要把理由说充分，是在现实生活中可能会发生的事情。内容要新颖、健康、乐观向上，（所表述的内容、观点是主动、积极向上的），我们在写作时要注意的是求新并不等于求怪，并不是说越希奇古怪、越离谱越好。内容新颖并非是别人完全没提过的、全新的想法，而是别人在相同的情景之下讲得比较少的，又不违背逻辑的想法。新颖的思路能够充分表现学生的创造力。

3. 内容充实，详略得当。

要有主次之分，详略得当。要进行细致描写，有细节的支撑。

考查的目的---能否正确使用英语达到交际的目的。（语言要口语化）把事情说具体，缺少细致的描写，就像建房只搭架子不用砖一样，显得空洞无味。英语写作有一条座右铭，那就是“show more than tell”，意思是细节表达一定要多于抽象陈述，也就是写作要细节化或举例说明。我们尽量用看得见、摸得着的东西来具体表达思想。才能使文章充实、有趣，符合开放作文的要求。

4. 内容完整、首尾呼应。

要紧扣主题，符合要求，首尾呼应

有头有尾；展现给读者一个完整的画面。

【典型例题】

［开放性写作分类与解析：］

1. 逻辑性思维(logical thinking ) 给出结果猜测可能性（cause and effect）

根据下面提供的情景，写一段接续文字。

注意：词数不少于30。

You and your friend ar e in your room. He finds one of the windows is broken and says, “Your window is broken. What happened?”

You tell him what happened.

Possible version:

I guess it was all my fault. My mother was doing some reading by the window yesterday, and

she asked me to get a book from the bookshelf for her. It was a hardcover and a little thick. I got the book and decided to throw it to her. But she missed it, and it broke the window.

Cause and effect type：

•Now please tell us why you have refused it.

•You tell him what happened.

2. 2003高考北京试卷

聚集性思维（convergent thinking）

给出语境陈述计划、打算(planning )

根据下面提供的情景，写一段接续文字，词数不少于30。

You are talking with one of your close friends about your plans for the summer vacation. You say to him, “I’m going to enjoy myself in the vacation.” He asks, “What exactly are you going to do to have fun?”

You tell him what you want to do to make your vacation great fun. Be sure to use one or more examples to show what you mean.

Possible version:

I’ll go to a beach to see the seabirds flying in the dark-blue sky and drive a motorboat, sailing through clear water toward the rising sun. Then I’ll surf the “” website, play games on “FreeEnglish. com”,or chat with friends online about hot movies like “The Lord of the Rings” and “Harry Potter”.

Planning type:

•Your parents suggest that you stay in Beijing for your advanced education. Do you agree with them? Explain your reasons.

•What would you take and why?

•Tell at least two or three choices

•Tell what you will choose and why.

3. 2004 春季高考北京试卷

发散性思维（divergent thinking）

给出问题寻找解决方法(problem solving)

根据下面提供的情景，写出你的想法。词数不少于50。

On a sunny morning, Xiao Hong from Orange Town was on her way to her friend’s house in Green Hill, a small town she had never been to before. At a crossroads, she found the signpost (路标) showing the directions had fallen over. She got lost.

How could she find out which way to go? Consider two or three different ways of working out the problems.

附图画

Possible version:

First of all ,Xiao Hong could ask a passer-by for directions. Since it was a sunny day, she could also use the position of the sun to tell the directions. And finally she could replace the