2019届高考语文二轮复习文学类文本阅读 作业(全国卷用)
【语文】江西省丰城四中2019届高三下学期二轮复习测试试题(解析版)
江西省丰城四中2019届高三下学期二轮复习测试语文试题一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
虽然有关《诗经》如何成书的问题仍待细究，但我们有理由认定，“王官采诗”的说法值得注意。
“采诗”是从上古传下的制度，周王朝的统治者派出专门人员到各地采集歌谣，以此观风俗、察得失。
也正因为如此，《诗经》作为“王官学”的重要组成部分，是贵族教育和培养体系中的一门课程和一部教材，它能够在贵族子弟尚未广泛深入接触社会之前，丰富和健全他们的知识和情感。
孔子在谈到读《诗经》的益处时，特别提到它可使读者“多识于鸟兽草木之名”，足见已将《诗经》当作一部博物学著作甚至百科全书来看待。
《汉书·艺文志》著录的《毛诗故训传》对诗中提及的动植物加以注解，这为人们理解《诗经》及产生它的时代提供了一种路径。
受前贤著述启发，三国吴人陆玑撰成《毛诗草木鸟兽虫鱼疏》，不仅提拈出《诗经》中动植物的名称，还附述其样貌、形态、功用和生长环境，有时更综合对比不同地域的不同称呼以丰富人们对该物之认知。
比如《秦风・蒹葭》中第一句“蒹葭苍苍”，陆疏云：“蒹，水草也。
坚实，牛食之令牛肥强。
青、徐州人谓之蒹，兖州、辽东通语也。
葭，一名芦菼，一名薍，薍或谓之荻，至秋坚成，则谓之萑，其初生三月中，其心挺出，其下本大如箸，上锐而细，扬州人谓之马尾，以今语验之，则芦薍别草也。
”明人毛晋据陆疏所作《毛诗陆疏广要》，其中辨蒹、葭之别，并录别名十五种。
如此详细的分辨考证，既存注疏者本人的见闻，也有他们思考判断（“验之”）后所得出的结论。
在这类路径的解析之下，《诗经》成了一种“博物志”。
很显然，熟读《诗经》者更易成为博识之人，但绝非仅仅识于“物”而已，先秦以至后世的贵族，还会依据《诗经》所述来传递信息、理解隐义，因识于“事”而做到“迩之事父，远之事君”。
汉代的刘向在《说苑》中就记录了一则与《诗经》有关的“父慈子孝”的故事，魏文侯将自己不太钟爱的太子击封于中山，三年间都很少往来，一次太子击遣舍人赵仓唐向文侯进献礼物，文侯问太子平常读什么书，赵答《诗经》，文侯又问太子读哪些篇章，赵答《晨风》《黍离》。
全国卷用2019届高三语文二轮复习语言综合运用专项突破作业
语言综合运用专项突破作业（15）一、语言运用阅读下面的文字,完成1～3题。
(9分)近日,湖北省武汉市汉阳区的一批垃圾桶有了专属“身份证”。
管理部门为辖区内部分餐馆的餐厨废弃物专用桶加装了电子芯片,借助芯片,管理部门得以监控和有效避免餐厨垃圾的去向、来源和这些垃圾半路失踪进入黑作坊的问题。
目前,全区已安装“身份证”的商家达到800家。
餐厨废弃物经过油水分离、无害化处理等一系列技术环节后,实现了__________的功效,可用于提炼生物柴油、沼气发电等多个领域。
我国每年餐厨废弃物产生量高达9 000多万吨,是一笔可以再利用的资源,然而废弃物实际处理率不足20%,效率低下的局面,在媒体的广泛科普之下,早已__________,为人所诟病。
另一方面,由于缺乏监管,不法分子介入其中,餐厨废弃物去向“成谜”。
通过安装“身份证”,( ),同时也提升了餐厨废弃物的回收利用效率,变废为宝,产生了理想的经济效益。
一枚电子芯片,也植入了城市管理者__________的责任。
面对地沟油猖獗的严峻形势,城市管理者只有换位思考、主动作为,才能________,为老百姓提供更多实实在在的获得感。
1．文中画横线的句子有语病,下列修改最恰当的一项是( )(3分)A．管理部门得以监控餐厨垃圾的来源、去向,来有效避免这些垃圾半路失踪进入黑作坊的问题。
B．管理部门得以监控餐厨垃圾的去向、来源,并有效避免这些垃圾半路失踪进入黑作坊的问题。
C．管理部门得以监控餐厨垃圾的去向、来源及这些垃圾半路失踪进入黑作坊的有效避免的问题。
D．管理部门得以监控和有效避免餐厨垃圾的来源、去向与这些垃圾半路失踪进入黑作坊的问题。
答案 A解析原句有两处语病：一是“监控和有效避免”与后文搭配不当,二是“去向、来源”语序不当。
2．依次填入文中横线上的成语,全都恰当的一项是( )(3分)A．推陈出新众目昭彰义不容辞推己及人B．新陈代谢众目睽睽责无旁贷推己及人C．新陈代谢众目昭彰义不容辞以己度人D．推陈出新众目睽睽责无旁贷以己度人答案 A解析“推陈出新”“新陈代谢”都有以新的代替旧的之意,前者强调主观努力的结果,后者强调事物的客观规律。
2019年全国卷Ⅱ语文高考试题文档版含答案【精选文档版】
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文本试卷共22题，共150分，共10页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
2．答题时请按要求用笔。
3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。
杜甫之所以能有集大成之成就，是因为他有可以集大成之容量。
而其所以能有集大成之容量，最重要的因素，乃在于他生而禀有一种极为难得的健全才性——那就是他的博大、均衡与正常。
杜甫是一位感性与理性兼长并美的诗人，他一方面具有极大极强的感性，可以深入到他接触的任何事物，把握住他所欲攫取的事物之精华；另一方面又有着极清明周至的理性，足以脱出于一切事物的蒙蔽与局限，做到博观兼美而无所偏失。
这种优越的禀赋表现于他的诗中，第一点最可注意的成就，便是其汲取之博与途径之正。
就诗歌体式风格方面而言，古今长短各种诗歌他都能深入撷取尽得其长，而且不为一体所限，更能融会运用，开创变化，千汇万状而无所不工。
我们看他《戏为六绝句》之论诗，以及与当时诸大诗人，如李白、高适、岑参、王维、孟浩然等，酬赠怀念的诗篇中论诗的话，都可看到杜甫采择与欣赏的方面之广；而自其《饮中八仙歌》《曲江三章》《同谷七歌》等作中，则可见到他对各种诗体运用变化之神奇工妙；又如从《自京赴奉先县咏怀五百字》《北征》及“三吏”“三别”等五古之作中，可看到杜甫自汉魏五言古诗变化而出的一种新面貌。
就诗歌内容方面而言，杜甫更是无论妍媸巨细，悲欢忧喜，宇宙的一切人物情态，都能随物赋形，淋漓尽致地收罗笔下而无所不包，如写青莲居士之“飘然思不群”，写空谷佳人之“日暮倚修竹”；写丑拙则“袖露两肘”，写工丽则“燕子风斜”；写玉华宫之荒寂，予人以一片沉哀悲响；写洗兵马之欢忭，写出一片欣奋祝愿之情、其涵蕴之博与变化之多，都足以为其禀赋之博大、均衡与正常的证明。
2019届高三语文二轮复习阅读大题特训：(11)文言文阅读二
文言文阅读二1、阅读下面的文言文,完成问题。
李迪字复古,其先赵郡人。
曾祖避五代乱,徙家濮。
迪深厚有器局,尝携其所为文见柳开,开奇之,曰:“公辅才也。
”举进士第一,擢知制诰。
真宗幸亳,为留守判官,遂知亳县。
亡卒群剽城邑,发兵捕之,久不得。
迪至,悉罢所发兵,阴听察知贼区处,部勒晓锐士,擒贼,斩以徇。
尝归沐,忽传诏对内东门,出三司使马元方所上岁出入材用数以示迪。
时蝗旱,问何以济,迪请发内藏库以佐国用。
帝曰:“朕欲用李士衡代元方,俟其至,当出金帛数百万借三司。
”迪曰:“天子于财无内外,愿下诏赐三司,以示恩德,何必曰借。
”帝悦。
初,上将立章献后,迪屡上疏谏,以章献后起于寒微,不可母天下,上大寤,由是独诛怀政。
仁宗即位,章献太后预政,贬寇准雷州,以迪朋党傅会,贬衡州。
丁谓使人迫之,谓败,知河南府。
来朝京师,时太后垂帘,语迪曰:“卿向不欲吾预国事,殆过矣。
今日吾保养天子至此,卿以为何如?”迪对曰:“臣受先帝厚恩,今日见天子明圣,臣不知皇太后盛德,乃至于此。
”太后亦喜。
知徐州,迪欲行县因祠岳为上祈年,仁宗语辅臣曰:“祈祷非迪所宜,其毋令往。
”元昊攻延州,武事久弛,守将或为他名以避兵,迪愿守边,诏不许,然甚壮其意。
李迪,贤相也。
方仁宗初立,章献临朝,颇挟其才,将有专制之患,迪正色危言,能使宦官近习不敢窥觎。
而仁宗君德日就,章献亦全令名,古人所谓社稷臣于斯见之。
(选自《宋史·李迪传》,有删改)1.下列对文中画框部分的断句,正确的一项是( )A.天禧中/拜给事中/周怀政之诛/帝怒甚/欲责及太子群臣/莫敢言迪/从容奏曰/陛下有几子/乃欲为此计/B.天禧中/拜给事中/周怀政之诛/帝怒甚/欲责及太子群臣/莫敢言/迪从容奏曰/陛下有几子/乃欲为此计/C.天禧中/拜给事中/周怀政之诛/帝怒甚/欲责及太子/群臣莫敢言/迪从容奏曰/陛下有几子/乃欲为此计/D.天禧中/拜给事中/周怀政之诛/帝怒甚/欲责及太子/群臣莫敢言迪/从容奏曰/陛下有几子/乃欲为此计/2.下列对文中加粗词语的相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是( )A.“进士”,古代科举制度中通过最后一级中央政府朝廷考试者。
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十七(20页word版含有答案解析)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十七[一]As the world’s urban population gets bigger, cities are struggling to provide the basic services that their residents need. One of the most pressing problems is public transport. Take a look at the crisis facingthe city of London. At no time in history has there been such a mass migrationof people from countryside to city as is happening now. By the year 2030,it’s estimated that more than two thirds of the world’s population willbe living in cities—twice as many as today. This means that the problemsfaced by cities today—overcrowding, poor housing, unemployment, poverty,and lack of food and water—will be twice as bad in the next century, unlesswe find solutions soon.London is a good example of the problems facing many major urban centers.It was the world’s first megacity—the first with a population of a million people. Its expansion was made possible by the invention of the steam engine,which , among other things, powered the world’s first underground railway.Today, London has one of the world’s most extensive transport systems.But, because it was the first city to build a railway network, much of the infrastructure—the trains and buses, the tracks and tunnels—is now hopelessly out-of-date, and needs urgent modernisation.London’s future success depends very much on transport. The city liesat the heart of Britain’s road and rail networks and problems in Londoncan rapidly affect other areas of the country. On an average morning, overground trains bring passengers to stations on the outskirts of the city,and they then continue their journeys by underground, bus or taxi.1. More than two thirds of the world’s population will be living in citiesin years.A. 30B. 23C. 17D. 20072. With the development of society is becoming one of the most serious problems of cities.A. poor housingB. povertyC. unemploymentD. public transport3. The underlined word “megacity” in paragraph two means .A. a city with a population of a million people.B. a city with the problem of public transport.C. a city with a lot of car factories.D. a city with much pollution.4. The railway network of London is .A. very helpfulB. in good useC. behind the timesD.first-class5. If London wants to develop fast, it should solve the problem of first.A. transportB. housingC. water and electricityD. the working conditions of workers参考答案：1. C 数字计算题。
2019届高三语文二轮复习阅读大题特训：(8)文学类文本阅读(外国小说)
文学类文本阅读（外国小说）1、阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题。
车祸(日本)东野圭吾事情发生前,没有任何预感。
那天早上8点半,平介下了夜班,回到家中,他马上打开了电视。
其实也没什么特别想看的,只是想知道昨天相扑比赛的结果。
今年已经步入40岁的平介相信,今天也一定和之前的39年一样,是个平淡无奇的日子。
有一个频道是他每次下夜班后必看的。
那是个对文艺界丑闻、体育比赛结果等集中播报的频道,内容很浅,但是涉及面很广。
但是,今天画面上出现的,并不是平日里播音员的笑脸,而是一个积雪的山地。
出什么事了?平介心里闪过一个念头,不过他并不想详细了解事由。
此刻他最想知道的是他所关注的力士赢了没有。
平介在一家汽车零件加工厂的生产车间工作。
一年前,他被提升为组长。
这周轮到他们组上夜班了。
这一年,平介的工厂经营状况出奇地好,像平介这样身在第一线的人变得忙碌不堪,加班一两个小时是家常便饭,有时甚至会加班3个小时,有时加班费比基本工资还多。
但是,在工厂里待的时间长,就意味着在家待的时间短,平介很难和妻子直子、女儿藻奈美一起吃晚饭。
如果是夜班的话,早上8点钟就能到家,正好赶上藻奈美吃早餐的时间。
边和马上要升入小学6年级的独生爱女聊着天真的话题,边享受着妻子亲手做的饭菜,这对平介来说是一种无法取代的快乐。
下夜班后的疲惫,在看到女儿的笑容后马上就烟消云散了。
正因如此,下夜班后一个人吃早餐让他觉得没有味道。
这样无聊的早餐从今天起要持续3天,因为直子带着藻奈美回长野的娘家去了。
她堂兄病故了,她要赶去参加堂兄的葬礼。
本来说好是她一个人去长野的,但就在快出发时,藻奈美忽然嚷着也要去。
她说她想在那边滑雪。
女儿好不容易有了个春假,可自己工作太忙,一直没能陪家人游玩。
因此,对平介来说,这未尝不是个补偿的机会。
于是他决定一个人忍受寂寞,让藻奈美和妻子一起去。
他一边享受着熟悉的味道,一边调高了电视的音量。
画面中那个主持人在说着什么,但是,他脸上却不见了平日的笑容。
(全国卷用)2019届高三语文二轮复习成语、病句辨析专项突破作业(24)
成语、病句辨析专项突破作业( 24)一阅读下面的文字，完成后面的题目。
云南遗存历史资料不足，一方面由于唐代它“不在文化区域之内”，而又被宋代划出国境之外造成的， 免不了没有受了历史记载的冷落。
另一方面，恐怕是因为中国传统的历史记载，原本就只关注汉族中心区 域的朝代更迭、风云变幻，常常并不很留意隔山限水的边陲，所以在常见历史文献中，这一区域的记载总 是显得 。
特别是那些非汉族人的生活世界，除了好奇或者猎奇的“采风者”，或者奉命巡视边疆的官吏，偶尔写一些“竹枝词”，画一些“蛮夷图”之外，很少有人真的对它做过深入考察和仔细描述。
可是随着西风东渐，二十世纪上半叶，西洋和东洋的学者 _______________________ ，对中国学术形成了巨大冲击。
为 什么？因为他们的关注重心与传统中国学者 ____________________ 。
他们不仅对“中心”的汉族中国有别出心裁的解释，( ) ；虽然对“主流”的儒家 ______________________________ 地研究，但对“支脉”的佛教、道教、三夷教、天主教更有巨大的热情；对历史叙述中通常占据显著位置的“上层”文化有新的论述，但对过去历史文献中往往缺席 的“下层”却更为关注。
这种对于“边缘”“支脉”和“下层”的研究，特别表现在宗教学、人类学、地 理学、语言学等领域中。
1．依次填入文中横线上的成语，全都恰当的一项是 (3 分 )( )解析：选 D 支离破碎：形容事物零散破碎，不成整体。
四分五裂：形容分散、不完整、不团结。
修饰记载”，用“支离破碎”合适。
至此可利用排除法初步排除 A 、C 两项。
纷至沓来：形容纷纷到来，连续 不断地到来。
摩肩接踵： 形容人多拥挤。
这里是指“西洋和东洋的学者”纷纷到来，并非人多拥挤， 用“纷至沓来”合适。
至此可初步判定 D 项恰当。
大相径庭：表示相差很远或矛盾很大。
迥然不同：形容差别很 大，一点儿也不相同。
2019届二轮复习 古代文化常识要点 作业(全国卷用)
2019届二轮复习古代文化常识要点作业（全国卷用）典例1 下列有关文化常识的表述。
错误的一项是（）A．“社”是土地神，“稷”是谷神，古代文化中，常用社稷作为国家的代称。
这样的代称还有很多，比如：桑梓代指家乡，庙堂代指朝廷，汗青代指史册。
B．古人对自己的谦称有“愚、鄙、敝、子”等，称对方或对方亲属有“令、尊、贤、仁”等，对尊长者的称谓有“足下、先生、大人”等。
C．“六书”指古人分析汉字而归纳出来的六种构成方式，即象形、会意、指事、形声、转注、假借；《诗经》中的“六义”指风、雅、颂、赋、比、兴。
D．中国文化中，有许多与“三”有关的称谓，如“三皇五帝”“岁寒三友”“三教九流”“无事不登三宝殿”等，其中，“岁寒三友”指的是松、竹、梅。
【参考答案】B典例2 从传统文化的角度来看，下列说法不正确的一项是A．古时候，用“令尊”“君尊”尊称对方的父亲，用“家严”“家君”谦称自己的父亲。
B．中秋节又称团圆节，主要习俗有赏月、祭月、吃月饼等。
C．小华属“猴”，小明比小华小一岁，小明应该属“羊”。
D．“立”是开始的意思，古代以立春、立夏、立秋、立冬为四季的开始。
【参考答案】C【试题分析】本题考查文化常识中的生肖，按照顺序：鼠牛虎兔龙蛇马羊猴鸡狗猪，可知小明既然比小华小一岁，那他因该是属“鸡”的，而不是属“羊”。
所以C项是应选答案。
其他各项均没有错误。
文化常识是中学阶段都非常重视的试题类型，主要考查学生对古典的文化知识的积累。
在中考试卷中，多以单道选择题的形式出现，题目也比较简单。
而在高考试卷中，则作为文言文阅读的一个重要知识点进行考查的，比如2018年高考新课标全国Ⅰ卷所考查的“坟籍”“阙”“践祚”“逊位”。
考文化知识，关键是懂文化知识。
学生要注意平时的学习积累，可采取分门别类的识记法记忆，在答题时运用课内知识回顾法来判断对错。
高考中的古代文化知识主要分为如下几大类：一、姓名称谓，二、古代官职，三、科举制度，四、风俗礼仪，五、文史典籍，六、饮食器用，七、音乐文娱，八、天文历法，九、古代地理，十、古代服饰，十一、古代刑罚，十二，目录辞书。
2019届高考语文大二轮复习精品练习：第二版块 文学类文本阅读 散文 巩固练2 含答案
文学类文本阅读·散文巩固练(二)一、(2018·陕西一检)阅读下面的文章，完成后面题目。
唐诗几男子(节选)余秋雨生为中国人，一辈子要承受数不尽的苦恼、愤怒和无聊。
但是，有几个因素使我不忍离开，甚至愿意下辈子还投生中国。
其中一个，就是唐诗。
这种说法可能得不到太多认同。
不少朋友会说：“到了国外仍然可以读唐诗啊，而且，别的国家也有很多好诗！”因此，我必须对这件事情多说几句。
我心中的唐诗，是一种整体存在。
存在于羌笛孤城里，存在于黄河白云间，存在于空山新雨后，存在于浔阳秋瑟中。
只要粗通文墨的中国人一见相关的环境，就会立即释放出潜藏在心中的意象，把眼前的一切卷入诗境。
心中的意象是从很小的时候就潜藏下来的。
也许是父母吟诵，也许是老师领读，反正是前辈教言中最美丽的一种。
父母和老师只要以唐诗相授，也会自然地消除辈分界限，神情超逸地与晚辈一起走进天性天籁。
于是，唐诗对中国人而言，是一种全方位的美学唤醒：唤醒内心，唤醒山河，唤醒文化传代，唤醒生存本性。
而且，这种唤醒全然不是出于抽象概念，而是出于感性形象，出于具体细节。
这种形象和细节经过时间的筛选，已成为一个庞大民族的集体敏感、通用话语。
有时在异国他乡也能见到类似于“月落乌啼”、“独钓寒江”那样的情景，让我们产生联想，但是，那种依附于整体审美文化的神秘和诗境，却不存在。
这就像在远方发现一所很像自己老家的小屋，或一位酷似自已祖母的老人，虽有一时的喜悦，但略加端详却深感失落。
失落了什么？失落了与生命紧紧相连的全部呼应关系，失落了使自己成为自己的那份真实。
当然，无可替代并不等于美。
但唐诗确实是一种大美，不管在什么情况下一读，都能把心灵提升到清醇而又高迈的境界。
回头一想，这种清醇、高迈本来就属于自己，或属于祖先秘传，只不过平时被大量琐事掩埋着。
唐诗如玉杵叩扉，叮叮当当，嗡翁喤喤，一下子把心扉打开了，让我们看到一个非常美好的自己。
这个自己，看似稀松平常，居然也能按照遥远的文字指引，完成最豪放的想象，最幽深的思念，最入微的观察，最精细的倾听，最仁爱的同情，最洒脱的超越。
2019届二轮复习 文言文阅读专项突破 作业(全国卷用) (11)
2019届二轮复习文言文阅读专项突破作业（全国卷用）一、阅读下面文章，完成下面小题。
芝阁记王安石①祥符时，封泰山以文天下之平，四方以芝来告者万数。
其大吏，则天子赐书以宠嘉之，小吏若民，辄锡金帛。
方是时，希世有力之大臣，穷搜而远采，山农野老，攀缘狙杙，以上至不测之高，下至涧溪壑谷，分崩裂绝，幽穷隐伏，人迹之所不通，往往求焉。
而芝出于九州、四海之间，盖几于尽矣。
②至今上即位，谦让不德。
自大臣不敢言封禅，诏有司以祥瑞告者皆勿纳。
于是神奇之产，销藏委翳于蒿藜榛莽之间，而山农野老不复知其为瑞也。
则知因一时之好恶，而能成天下之风俗，况于行先王之治哉？③太丘陈君学文而好奇。
芝生于庭，能识其为芝，惜其可献而莫售也，故阁于其居之东偏，掇取而藏之。
盖其好奇如此。
噫！芝一也，或贵于天子，或贵于士，或辱于凡民，夫岂不以时乎哉？士之有道，固不役志于贵贱，而卒所以贵贱者，何以异哉？此予之所以叹也。
④皇祐五年十月日记。
1．祥符年间，芝“几于尽”的原因是什么？2．分析第②段的作用。
3．下列对陈君建阁藏芝的原因的推测，合理的一项是（）A．不满皇帝迷信祥瑞粉饰太平。
B．进献朝廷颂扬今上谦让有德。
C．为芝草不遇于时而感到惋惜。
D．先居为奇货再伺机高价出售。
4．对第③段画线句理解恰当的一项是（）A．作者认为应以士人际遇的贵贱来区分是否有道。
B．作者把士人不应为贵贱所役使作为文章的主旨。
C．作者为士人的际遇为何有贵贱之分而感到困惑。
D．作者认为士人和芝草贵贱有别的原因是一样的。
5．清人沈德潜评价《芝阁记》“用意多在题外”。
请对此加以赏析。
二、阅读下面语段，完成问题。
游凌云图记刘大櫆①知者乐水，仁者乐山，非山水之能娱人，而知者仁者之心常有以寓乎此也。
②南方固山水之奥区，而巴蜀峨眉尤为怪伟奇绝，昔苏子瞻浮云轩冕①，而愿得出守汉嘉，以为凌云之游②。
古之杰魁之士，其纵恣徜徉而不可羁縻以事者，类如此欤！③吾友卢君抱孙以进士令蜀之洪雅，地小而僻，政简而明，民安其俗，从容就理。
2019届高考语文二轮复习文学类阅读 作业(全国卷用)
2019届二轮复习文学类阅读作业（全国卷用）一、【2019届江苏徐州高三上期中】阅读下面的作品，完成小题。
穿白衬衫的老黄陈年喜我现在打工的地方，当地人采买生活日用品时使用的背篓非常有特点，竹篾编织，圆筒形，很高，上至肩头下到屁股，方便行走也方便就着地坎歇息，不占双手还能负重。
市场上，乡下来赶集的人们都背着背篓。
背篓里装着辣椒、白菜、竹笋、李子、葡萄、黄瓜……早市时县城的巷头巷尾，是一片背篓的世界。
出蓝天菜市场东门往左拐不远，是白马市场，在拐弯的地方，我邂逅了老黄，准确地说是先邂逅了他的一篓黄瓜。
这是一篓带着顶花、来自乡下的黄瓜，浑身沾满了乡间的露水。
采花的土黄蜂大概离开花蕊不久，嫩黄的花粉溢出了蕊心。
这是真正的黄瓜，老品种，在很多地方已经失种。
一半绿一半黄，黄绿纠缠在一起，咬一口，脆，脆里有一股香。
大多黄瓜本来无味，因为这一股香，这黄瓜味道复杂无尽，它不像新式品种，粗而短，无刺，简单。
黄瓜的主人穿一件白衬衫，干净、齐整，和市场的纷杂，和他的一篓黄瓜显得很不搭调。
“给我来五斤。
”我的北方普通话让他一愣：“你一个人吃？”我说是。
“黄瓜不过当天，过了就蔫了，二斤够你一天了。
”他用老式盘子秤称了二斤给我。
那天，知道了他姓黄，家住在有些路程的乡下。
三天一集，老黄几乎一集不落，卖些别的，多数还是卖黄瓜。
我们渐渐熟悉起来。
他不是本地人，是南方人，因为做生意亏得血本无归，老家回不去了，经人介绍，在这边乡下买了农村的老房子，落了户。
没了本钱，种些菜卖。
人活着，得吃饭。
“原来姹紫嫣红开遍，似这般都付与断井颓垣，良辰美景奈何天，赏心乐事谁家院。
”有一回喝酒，三杯下肚，他突然唱起了《牡丹亭》。
不知道他突然想起了什么，那婉约的唱腔吓我一跳。
人声鼎沸的饭店大厅，他一件白衬衫，与时令已然不相宜，只有头上渐白的头发与早到的秋天有些相配。
有一段时间，老黄不卖黄瓜菜果了，他到城里做装修。
似乎做得还不错，手下有了十多个工人，单子接得很大，业务扩大到水暖、基建，买了辆二手皮卡车。
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之一(13页word版)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之一[一]There is almost no gun control in the United States. Almost anybody can buy and carry a gun, without having to register with the police. And guns are cheap. For as little as＄5.00 you can buy a “Saturday Night Special”. This little gun got its name because more murders happen on Saturday night than at any other time. Because it is so easy to get a gun, there are more than 40 million handguns in the United States. This number is increasing by 2.5 million every year. Some of these guns will protect businessmen from being robbed. But others will have killed over 10,000 Americans this year.In the cities, more and more crimes are committed with guns. People are frightened and worried. They are asking for more government control of guns. The House of Representatives Sub-committee on Crime is looking at more than a hundred and fifty bills to control guns. Probably, none of these bills will become law.There are a number of reasons for this. Americans have always been allowed to own guns. When the country was young, guns were necessary tools. The first settlers had to hunt for their food and protect themselves from Red Indian’s attacks. They also had to protect themselves from thieves and killers; there was no police force in the “Wild West”. America grew up with guns, and now it seems that it will also die with guns, but many people want to keep them. Guns are important to many Americans. They do not want laws to stop them from owning guns. They do not even want gun-owners to have to register their names with the police. They say that laws like this limit their freedom too much.Many citizens belong to hunting clubs and shooting clubs. They use their guns for sport and target practice. The National Rifle Association has over a million members. This organization does not want any laws passed against guns of any kind. Many members of the Association are bank presidents and top executives in big companies. They have a lot of money, power and influence in Washington. They have stopped a lot of laws even against handguns. This is a strange attitude for a sporting club. As Mayor Richard Daley of Chicago says：“You don’t see someone shooting rabbits with a handgun. The only thing you hunt is human beings.”21. Saturday Night Special is .A. the name of a night club.B. the name of an evening schoolC. the name of an animal.D. the name of a little gun.22. If there were 40 million handguns in 1980, there would be handguns the next year.A. 4,250,000B. 40,000,000C. 42,500,000D. 420,500,00023. Which is NOT the reason why Americans are allowed to own guns?A. The country was young.B. The first settlers had to hunt for their food.C. They had to protect themselves from Red Indian’s attack.D. They had to protect themselves from thieves and killers.24. They use a handgun to .A. shoot rabbitsB. shoot other peopleC. practice shootingD. shoot the enemy in the war25. There is no law to control guns. The reason is probably that .A. Many presidents are against the law.B. Guns cost a lot of money.C. Guns have much power.D. Some important people stopped a lot of laws against handguns.参考答案：21. D 细节理解题。
文学类文本之小说阅读把握叙事技巧,分析文本特征精准突破-高考语文二轮复习之现代文阅读(全国通用)
2024高考二轮复习现代文阅读II文学类文本之小说阅读把握整体叙事技巧,分析文本特征精准突破分析小说的文本特征题型归类文本特征题主要针对某一文本的整体特点提出,或是内容上的特征,或是情节上的特征,或是叙述手法的特征等。
这类题目分成两类:1.整体叙事技巧题:此类题考查偏多,命题者有时会指明文章所用某种手法或技巧,让分析某种手法在文本中的具体体现,有些甚至还需分析其艺术效果;有时会让围绕某一文本特征去找寻文本如何体现这一特征,此类题目难度更大。
即使没有要求分析技巧手法带来的效果,实际作答时也需加上效果分析。
2.文本特征分析题:此类题大多只停留在分析层面,命题者常指出两两相对的特征,要求结合内容分析其体现。
另外还有一种是根据相同内容在不同文体中的不同表现分析其异同。
审题示范第一步:抓题干关键点第二步:分析关键点[2022·全国甲卷,T9]这两个内容相近的文本文体不同,因而艺术表现也有差异。
请比较并简要分析。
(6分)[王愿坚《支队政委(节选)》、哈里森·索尔兹伯里《长征:前所未闻的故事(节选)》] ①“内容相近”“文体不同”——文体特征②“艺术表现也有差异”——相近内容在不同文体的表达效果③“比较”——分别说明[2020·全国卷Ⅰ,T9] 海明威的“冰山”理论将文学作品同冰山类比,他说:“冰山在海面移动很庄严宏伟,这是因为它只有八分之一露在①“冰山”理论——需理解的内涵②“本小说正是只描写了这露出水面的八分之一”——从整个思想内容来看,水面上。
”本小说正是只描写了这露出水面的八分之一。
请据此简要说明本小说的情节安排及其效果。
(6分)(海明威《越野滑雪》) 文本内容只显示了一小部分③“情节安排”——情节如何体现“冰山”理论④“及其效果”——运用这种方式有什么效果[2020·浙江卷,T12] 作者用了哪些手法使小说结构紧凑?(6分)(康斯坦丁·帕乌斯托夫斯基《雪》) ①“哪些手法”——思考叙事技巧②“结构紧凑”——结构上的文本特征[2019·全国卷Ⅰ,T9]《理水》是鲁迅小说集《故事新编》中的一篇,请从“故事”与“新编”的角度简析本文的基本特征。
2019届高三语文二轮复习阅读大题特训5实用类文本阅读传记含解析
实用类文本阅读（传记）1、阅读下面的文字,完成问题。
徐芑南一生情系深蓝梦“蛟龙号”初次下水,在海面打出漂亮的蝴蝶水花;“蛟龙号”用机械臂灵活地把一面钛合金五星红旗插到了海底;1000米、5000米,直到7062米,“蛟龙号”成为目前世界上下潜深度最大的作业型载人潜水器……当人们为“蛟龙号”的每一次进步欢呼雀跃时,有位老人默默流下了喜悦的泪水。
他是徐芑南,中国工程院院士,“蛟龙号”总设计师。
作为我国深潜技术的开拓者,他用一辈子的辛勤耕耘、执着奉献,实现了中华民族“下五洋捉鳖”的深蓝梦。
徐芑南说过,他对大海是有感情的,他的一生都与大海紧密相连。
怀着强烈的报国热情,1958年从上海交大造船系毕业的徐芑南,到了中船重工集团七〇二所开始了潜艇结构的研究工作。
20世纪80年代,徐芑南积极投身于海洋装备的研制工作,先后担任了四项潜水器的总设计师。
他创造性地研制了多型载人潜水器和水下机器人,潜水器工作深度由300米、600米、1000米发展到6000米。
20世纪末,随着中国大洋协会在国际海底调查研究工作的深入,国家对载人深潜器应用需求越越迫切。
经过一系列论证、研究,2002年大深度载人潜水器终于正式批准立项。
选总设计师时,大家不约而同地想到了徐芑南,作为业内公认的载人潜水器领路人,他是总设计师的最合适人选。
此时,徐芑南已经退休六年,深受高血压、心脏病等疾病的困扰,但徐芑南还是毫不犹豫地答应了。
他心底始终有一个愿望,就是看到中国人独立自主研制的大深度载人潜水器能够在深海遨游。
“蛟龙号”立项之前,我国研制过的最深潜水器只有600米。
从600米到7000米,是非常大的技术跨越,深度每增加100米,海水的压力就会增加10个大气压,难度可想而知。
并且,作为一项大的系统工程,“蛟龙号”涉及耐压结构和密封技术设计、高比强度合金材料的加工成形技木、航行性能优化、水下定位、水下通信、自动控制等多个领域的最前沿技术,需要联合国内上百家科研机构集智攻关。
2019届二轮复习 写作专项突破 作业(全国卷用) (7)
2019届二轮复习写作专项突破作业（全国卷用）1、阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。
传说，佛祖的前身是位国王。
有一回，他看见一只饥饿的老鹰正在追捕一只鸽子，慈悲心起，把鸽子藏进怀里。
老鹰说：“那你就忍心看着我饿死吗?”佛祖命人取来天平，他愿意从自己身上割下一块与鸽子同等重量的肉还给老鹰。
可无论佛祖割多少肉都无法与鸽子的重量相等。
最后，佛祖亲自跳上天平，天平的两端终于相等了。
读了以上材料，你有何感悟?请自选角度，自定立意，自选文体，自拟标题，写一篇不少于800字的文章。
2、阅读下面的材料，按要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。
美国作家格拉德威尔在自己的书中提出了著名的“一万小时定律”：“只要经过一万小时的正确练习，普通人也能成为某个领域的顶尖专家。
”有人质疑：“既然诀窍这么简单，为什么多数人仍然是普通人而无所成就？”格拉德威尔回答说：“诀窍虽然简单，但很少有人能够做到。
”以上材料引发了你哪些体验与思考？请联系实际，自选角度，自拟题目，自选文体（诗歌除外），写一篇不少于800字的文章。
3、阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。
不少人每到一个新地方，总爱用数码相机或手机将风景拍下来，事后却很少用心去欣赏这一大堆照片。
看风景如此，买书、看书也如此。
买了大量的书，却没看过几本；有时借来的一本书，却仔仔细细阅读了。
读了这段话，你有什么所思所感。
请写一篇不少于800字的文章。
要求选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭。
4、阅读下面材料，根据要求作文。
10月20日下午，家电维修员陈先生赶往一顾客家帮他做灶台保养。
刚到顾客所在小区，发现一名3．4岁大的小女孩被卡在小区燃气管道与墙体夹缝中。
小区电工提议用切割机切管道救人，因考虑切割燃气管道危险，陈先生赶紧制止这一方案。
经观察，陈先生发现管道上的螺丝可以拧掉，于是果断疏散人群，取扳手拆卸螺丝。
由于螺丝锈迹斑斑，用了十多分钟才拧掉，众人合力把管道扳开，小女孩成功得救。
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十二(12页word版)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十二[一]Eudaimonia is an ancient Greek word, particularly stressed by the philosophers Plato and Aristotle, which deserves far more attention than it has because it corrects the shortfalls(缺失) in one of the most central, but troubling words in our modern language:happiness.When we nowadays try to clearly express the purpose of our lives, it is the word “happiness” that we commonly turn to. We tell ourselves and others that the most important principle for our jobs, our relationships and the conduct of our day-to-day life is the pursuit of happiness. It sounds like an innocent enough idea, but too much reliance on the term means that we frequently unfairly tend to quit or, at least, heavily question a great many challenging but worthwhile situations. The ancient Greeks did not believe that the purpose of life was to be happy;they proposed that it was to achieve Eudaimonia, a word which has been best translated as “fulfilment”. What distinguishes happiness from fulfilment is pain. It is very possible to be fulfilled and—at the same time—under pressure, suffering physically or mentally, overburdened and, quite frequently, in an irritable (易怒的) mood. This is a slight psychological difference that is hard for the word “happiness”to capture, for it s tricky to speak of being happy yet unhappy, or happy yet suffering. However, such a combination is readily accommodated within the respected and noble idea of Eudaimonia.The word encourages us to trust that many of life s most worthwhile projects will sometimes be in conflict with contentment, and yet will be worth pursuing. Properly exploring our professional talents, managing a household, keeping a relationship going, creating a new business venture or engaging in politics... none of these goals are likely to leave us cheerful and grinning on a daily basis. They will, in fact, involve us in all manner of challenges that will deeply exhaust and weaken us, provoke (激怒) and wound us. And yet we will perhaps, at the end of our lives, still feel that the tasks were worth undertaking. Through them, we ll have achieved something deeper and more interesting than happiness.With the word Eudaimonia in mind, we can stop imagining that we are aiming for a pain-free existence—and then blaming ourselves unfairly for being in a bad mood. We ll know that we are trying to do something far more important than smile all the time:we re striving to do justice to our full human potential.1. What do we know about “Eudaimonia” from the passage?A. It was first created by two Greek philosophers.B. It has received a lot of attention from the public.C. It still has some shortfalls that need to be corrected.D. It was regarded as the purpose of life in ancient Greece.2.According to Paragraph 3, happiness.A.is opposite to fulfilmentB.is free from physical or mental painC. stresses the psychological differenceD. serves as a respected and noble life goal3.We learn from the passage that.A. aiming for happiness may lead to wrong self-blamingB. goals that wound and weaken us result in happinessC. challenges leading to contentment are worth undertakingD. feeling fulfilled means we should avoid tough situations4.The passage encourages the readers to.A. find fulfilment with all effortsB. seek for a pain-free existenceC. keep optimistic whatever happensD. balance happiness and suffering答案1.D 2.B 3.A 4.A[二]Comedy and PsychologyEarlier this year I did a part-time comedy course. The class was taught by Ryan, a professional comedian. I had performed a show, which wasn t originally meant to be a comedy. However, the audience laughed at my first joke, then continued to laugh throughout the routines that were meant to be serious. So it was the audience who told me I was funny, but I didn t understand why or how to control the comic (滑稽的) moments. So, I joined the course to learn.“Turn off your editor that makes you say the right thing and remember how to be a child,”explained Ryan. “Don t try to be clever. Don t try too hard to be funny...and knowing all about the theory of humor is unlikely to help you much. Just behave in a silly way. That s what people want to see on stage.”Ryan would help us loosen up by saying things like, “Wander around talking to others, but make sure that you re the lowest status person here.”I d say that understanding the psychology of humor has actually helped. Recently I came across the book Inside Jokes:Using Humor to Reverse-Engineer the Mind. Its main idea is that any self-directed intelligent system will need to correct its own fault. There s a risk that the occasional error will be made. If this was boring or burdensome, we d be less willing to do it. However, evolution has made the process fun.Here s a joke in the book:Two fish are in a tank. One says to the other, “Do you know how to drive this thing?”It works on the principle that we have started to imagine one thing—that the tank is the typical container people keep fish in—and, just in time, the following words tell us that our first assumption was wrong—it s a heavy vehicle. For correctly figuring out the error, we are rewarded with a pleasurable feeling. The joke is an efficient way of encouraging this natural reaction, and comedians have become experts in slightly touching this mental funny bone in order to make us laugh.Ryan was right when he said that knowing the theory of humor wouldn t help us that much as a comedian. During one exercise in the course, four of us were told to perform an opera. Susan and Caroline sang earnestly on either side of the stage, andI brought Henry to the floor, where we wrestled (摔跤) each other like out-of-control teenagers. The rest of the group was in uncontrollable fits of laughter. As a performer, I ll never appreciate just why it seemed so funny. But the point is that I would never have written this on the paper. It was a joyous, found moment.1. Why did the author attend the comedy course?A. He wanted to see how the theories worked in practice.B. He discovered he had some natural ability in comedy.C. He worried about how other performers would find him.D. He got unpleasant experiences when performing a comedy.2.Ryan required the people on the comedy course to.A. copy their favorite performanceB. imagine other people s reactionsC. help themselves feel comfortableD. behave in a more playful manner3. What is the purpose of the joke mentioned in Paragraph 4?A. To discuss what humor brings about exactly.B. To give an example of another kind of humor.C. To prove the point about psychology of humor.D. To show why some people are funnier than others.4. What view does the author put forward in the end?A. Visual humor is what appeals to people most.B. What people find funny is often unpredictable.C. Theories explaining humor tend to be mistaken.D. Learning comic skills proves to be a difficult task.答案1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B[三]Dear child,Take a seat. Daddy has something to share with you. I would like us to have a heart-to-heart—even though, over the years, you have slowly broken mine. Oh shut up;you so have! If you go out and ask any mother or father out there, I guarantee they ll say the same thing:All children break their parents hearts. It s just what children do. In fact, it s what Daddy s own mother continues to remind him still, to this very day, every time they speak on the phone.In your baby years, you vomited(呕吐), pooped and peed all over me. In your teen years, you came home from parties and vomited red wine all over my already-dirty carpets. There was a time you experimented with drugs and all those things I hate. Where does the heartbreak end?Still, I want you to know you are loved, because various parenting magazines insist that s my responsibility to make you feel special and valued and so on. And of course Daddy loves you! Don t you see?And Daddy values you. Very much so. How could he not value you, when you, as a test-tube baby, cost so much to come into this world?Now you re old enough to hear the truth about parenting. And it s this:all kids annoy their parents. Like you, I started off adorable. Then I went through my weird-body-shape-and-acne years, lost all my cuteness, developed an attitude and never once did I apologize to my parents for stealing the best years of their lives. When you become a parent yourself, here are some parenting skills you might want to try that have been passed down from countless generations of angry Asians before me. Passive aggression is always welcome. Regular scream “I WISH YOU HAD NEVER BEEN BORN” w ill help keep your own kid s self-respect in check. But whatever happens, ensure you earn enough money in your adult life. Then give it to me, so I can go on expensive international tours. If you do this I promise I ll stop complaining and leave you alone, because we both know that s what we really want. Love you lots, Cutie-Pie.Daddy1.The letter is probably written to.A. a young adultB. a little babyC. a parentD. a grandparent2.The letter discusses all the topics EXCEPT.A. babyhoodB. teenage problemsC. parentingD. death3.According to the letter, the author.A. used to take drugsB. regrets getting marriedC. broke his parents heartsD.was born as a test-tube baby4. Why does the author write the letter?A. To ask his child to earn more money.B. To encourage his child to be independent.C. To communicate to his child love and hope.D. To stop his child from being a troublemaker.答案1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C[四]Four years ago, we asked ourselves: what if we could create a shopping experience with no waiting in line and no checkout? Or could we create a physical store where customers could simply take what they want and go? Our answer to those questions is Amazon Go, where you could experience the idea of “just walk out shopping”. Amazon Go is a new kind of store with no checkout required. We created the world s most advanced shopping technology, so you never have to wait in line. With our “just walk out shopping”experience, simply use the Amazon Go app to enter the store, take the products you want, and go! No lines, no checkout.Our checkout-free shopping experience is made possible by the same types of technologies used in self-driving cars: computer vision, sensor fusion, and deep learning. Our “just walk out technology” automatically detects when products are taken from or returned to the shelves and keeps track of them in your virtual cart. When you re done shopping, you can just leave the store. Shortly after, we ll charge your Amazon account and send you a receipt.We offer delicious ready-to-eat breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack options made fresh every day by our on-site chefs and favorite local kitchens and bakeries. Our selection of foodstuff ranges from bread and milk to cheeses and locally made chocolates. You ll find well-known brands we love, plus special finds we re excited to introduce to customers. For a quick home-cooked dinner, pick up one of our chef-designed Amazon Meal Kits, and you can make a meal for two in about 30 minutes.Our 1,800-square-foot shopping space is conveniently compact(紧凑的), so busy customers can get in and out fast. It is located at 2131,7th Ave, Seattle, WA, on the corner of 7th Avenue and Blanchard Street. All you need is an Amazon account, a supported smartphone, and the free Amazon Go app.Amazon Go is currently only open to Amazon employees in our testing program, and will be open to the public soon.1.From the passage, we can learn that Amazon Go.A.is a checkout-free storeB.sells all kinds of goodsC.is open to the publices unknown technologies2. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 3?A. When Amazon Go charges.B. How Amazon Go works.C. Where Amazon Go lies.D. What Amazon Go sells.3.Customers pay for the products from Amazon Go by.A. paying cash at the counterB. walking out of the storeC. using their Amazon accountsD. scanning smartphones when leaving4.The main purpose of the passage is to.A. encourage people to shop onlineB. advise people to work for AmazonC. inform people of a new concept storeD. tell people the shopping experience答案1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C[五]The fight is on to get rid of air pollution in our cities. While the best solution in the long-term would be to ban fossil-fueled cars, that won t help the millions who are dying in the meantime, and so some high-tech solutions are now on the cards.In March 2016,ten London pigeons became famous. These pigeons were set free from Primrose Hill in north London, wearing backpacks monitoring air pollution. Once in the air, the backpacks sent live air-quality updates to the smartphones of the Londoners below.The pigeons and their backpacks were just the latest in a series of increasingly desperate attempts to monitor and control air pollution. London s air pollution problem has been getting worse for years, and it often rises to more than three times the European Union s legal limit.Another promising approach can be found in Beijing, after China declared a “waragainst pollution”in 2014.A seven-metre-high “Smog Free Tower”, designed by a Dutch scientist, Daan Roosegaarde, opened in Beijing s 751D•Park in September 2016.It is a huge, outdoor air purifier. Airborne particles(颗粒)are sucked into the tower where they receive a positive charge. The particles are then caught by a negatively charged dust-removal plate and clean air is blown out of the other end. “Changing smog p articles does not take much current,” Roosegaarde said.As for what to do with the collected PM waste, he has currently set up a business making jewellery out of the waste. Prince Charles owns a set of “smog free”cuff links(袖扣). If the waste is collected on a big scale, Roosegaarde believes it could even be used as a building material.Mexico City has an alternative solution. Looking to Nature to maximize the surface area of a building, Allison Dring, a Berlin-based architect, managed to catch light and wind from all sides. She is now making a building material by burning agricultural crop by-products in the absence of oxygen. “It means that you are actually taking carbon(碳)out of the sky, transforming it into a material, and then using it to build,”says Dring.The fight against outdoor air pollution is really just starting. Even if none of the ideas take off, at least Prince Charles cuff links, the special building surface and pigeons wearing backpacks will have brought the issue more to the public s attention.1.The ten pigeons in London were used to.A. monitor air pollutionB. warn LondonersC. update weather forecastD. promote backpacks2. What can we learn about the Smog Free Tower?A. Its power consumption is high.B.PM waste from it can be reused.C. It is built of agricultural by-products.D. It can attract light and wind from all sides.3. What s the best title for the passage?A. When can humans get rid of smog?B. Why is technology used to fight smog?C. How are the world s cities fighting smog?D. What makes smog a worldwide problem?答案1.A 2.B 3.C[六]The British love word-play and they re enthusiastic about defending the use of their language. In recent years, books about the grammar, pronunciation and punctuation(标点符号)of English have been written by the dozen, and sold extremely well, reflecting people s love of the English language. People want to defend the “correct”use of their language, but also to preserve its ability to evolve along with society. Lynne Truss s book Eats, Shoots & Leaves is an excellent exampleof these two opposite ideas. Its title shows the way that punctuation can change the meaning of a sentence. “Eats shoots and leaves”is a perfectly normal description of a panda s diet: he eats the shoots and leaves of bamboo trees. But the position of the comma(逗号)turns those nouns into verbs, and makes up a ridiculous little story:the panda eats(his dinner), he shoots(a gun), and he leaves(the building). It s a silly joke, but it shows how changing something as simple as a comma can change the entire meaning of a sentence.Published in 2003, Eats, Shoots & Leaves was an unexpectedly huge success. It is easy to assume the typical reader of this kind of book as the humourless type. However, the book has sold thousands and thousands of copies—it must be appealing to a wide range of people. The book s winning secret is this: it makes some serious points about language and punctuation, but also has a light-hearted dimension, and uses stories and jokes to show its points. It has invited some tough criticism, too, especially from the US. On a broader range, Eats, Shoots & Leaves has opened up a lot of public debate on Truss s ideas. Whether they agree with her or not, punctuation and grammar has become a popular topic to discuss.In every generation there will be people who think that the standard of language is in decline, and who are more than happy to write to the newspapers to express their concern and opinions. Truss s book also appeals to those who think that texting and blogging(博客)is lowering the standard of literacy. Whether the standard of the English language is decreasing, or simply evolving into new forms, the success of Eats, Shoots & Leaves proves that this is a subject that many English speakers find interesting and important.1.The title of the book Eats, Shoots & Leaves is a joke which shows.A. a funny feelingB. a trend in writingC. a grammatical pointD. a fact about animals2.The book has been successful because.A.it presents the new research on EnglishB.it solves a serious English language problemC.it shows the British like to teach English to other peopleD.it causes concern for proper use of language in a fun way3. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The English language was better in the past.B. The English language is being improved by technology.C. There is often dissatisfaction with the standard of English.D. There have always been debates on the use of punctuation.4. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Difference a Comma Made.B. The Problem Punctuation Created.C. Proper Understanding of Silly Jokes.D. Public Debate about Language Standards.答案1.C 2.D 3.C 4.A[七]Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,”she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply“millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”1.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. take plastics as their everyday food.B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to.A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might.A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future4.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.答案1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C[八]It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn t know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground. “Paris s eyes rolled back,”Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?”CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between l ife and death,”says Taylor.Taylor s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris s heartbeat returned.“I know I was really lucky,”Paris says now. “Most people don t survive this. My team saved my life.”Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I knowI can act under pressure in a scary situation.”1.What happened to Paris on a March day?A. She caught a bad cold.B. She had a sudden heart problem.C. She was knocked down by a ball.D. She shivered terribly during practice.2.Why does Paris say she was lucky?A. She made a worthy friend.B. She recovered from shock.C. She received immediate CPR.D. She came back on the softball team.3.Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?A. Enthusiastic and kind.B. Courageous and calm.C. Cooperative and generous.D. Ambitious and professional.答案1.B 2.C 3.B[九]Hollywood s theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.”However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may.A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to.A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB. achieve their original goals independentlyC.do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to.A. help super intelligent machines work betterB.be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots affecting the world4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade.答案1.A 2.A 3.D 4.C[十]California Condor s Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North America s largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night, they just don t see the power lines,”says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced,66% of set-free birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los。
全国卷用2019届高三语文二轮复习成语蹭辨析专项突破作业22
成语、病句辨析专项突破作业（22）一、语言文字运用(20分)阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
“蛟龙号”载人深潜器是我国自主研制集成、自主设计的首台深海作业型载人潜水器，设计最大下潜深度为7 000米级，也是目前世界上下潜能力最深的作业型载人潜水器。
“蛟龙号”可在占世界海洋面积99.8%的广阔海域中使用，对于我国开发利用深海的资源有着重要的意义。
中国是继美、法、俄、日之后世界上第五个掌握大深度载人深潜技术的国家。
在全球载人潜水器中，“蛟龙号”________。
目前全世界投入使用的各类载人潜水器约90艘，其中下潜深度超过1 000米的仅有12艘，更深的潜水器数量更少。
除中国外，其他4国的作业型载人潜水器最大工作深度为日本深潜器的6 527米，因此“蛟龙号”载人潜水器在西太平洋的马里亚纳海沟海试成功到达7 020米海底，创造了作业类载人潜水器新的世界纪录，取得了________的成绩。
“蛟龙号”自2012年6月3日出征以来，已经________地书写了5个“中国深度”新纪录，尤其是在2012年6月27日11时47分，中国“蛟龙”再次刷新“中国深度”——下潜7 062米。
下潜至7 000米，标志着我国具备了载人到达全球99%以上海洋深处进行作业的能力，标志着“蛟龙”载人潜水器集成技术的成熟，( )，标志着中国海底载人科学研究和资源勘探能力达到国际领先水平。
2013年6月17日16时30分左右，中国“蛟龙”号载人潜水器从南海一冷泉区海底回到母船甲板上，三名下潜人员出舱，标志着“蛟龙”号首个试验性应用航次首次下潜任务________。
1.文中画横线的句子有语病，下列修改最恰当的一项是( )(3分)A.“蛟龙号”载人深潜器是我国自主设计、自主集成研制的首台深海作业型载人潜水器B.“蛟龙号”载人深潜器是我国首台自主研制集成、自主设计的作业型深海载人潜水器C.“蛟龙号”载人深潜器是我国首台自主设计、自主集成研制的作业型深海载人潜水器D.“蛟龙号”载人深潜器是我国自主集成研制、自主设计的首台深海作业型载人潜水器解析全句为“‘蛟龙号’载人深潜器是……的潜水器”的判断句，“首台”为数量词，应置于修饰部分的最前面，“自主设计”和“自主集成研制”具有先后的事理逻辑关系，“作业型”是功能定位，属于名词性短语，应该放在“深海”这个两字的简短修饰语之前。
通用版2019版高考语文二轮复习第一板块专题三小说阅读(附答案)
小说阅读(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
(15分)微纪元(节选)刘慈欣先行者知道，他现在是全宇宙中唯一的一个人了。
那事已经发生过了。
其实，在他启程时人类已经知道那事要发生了。
人类发射了一艘恒星际飞船，在周围100光年以内寻找带有可移民行星的恒星。
宇航员被称为先行者。
飞船航行了23年时间，由于速度接近光速，地球时间已过去了两万五千年。
飞船继续飞向太阳系深处。
先行者没再关注别的行星，径直飞回地球。
啊，我的蓝色水晶球……先行者闭起双眼默祷着，过了很长时间，才强迫自己睁开双眼。
他看到了一个黑白相间的地球。
黑色的是熔化后又凝结的岩石，白色的是蒸发后又冻结的海洋。
飞船进入低轨道，从黑色的大陆和白色的海洋上空缓缓越过，先行者没有看到任何遗迹，一切都熔化了，文明已成过眼烟云。
这时，飞船收到了从地面发来的一束视频信号，显示在屏幕上。
先行者看到了一个城市的图像：先看到如林的细长的高楼群，镜头降下去，出现了一个广场，广场上一片人海，所有的人都在仰望天空。
镜头最后停在广场正中的平台上，那儿站着一个漂亮姑娘，好像只有十几岁。
她在屏幕上冲着先行者挥手，娇滴滴地喊：“喂，我们看到你了！你是先行者？”在旅途的最后几年，先行者的大部分时间是在虚拟现实的游戏中度过的。
在游戏里，计算机接收玩者的大脑信号，构筑一个三维画面，画面中的人和物还可根据玩者的思想做出有限的互动。
先行者曾在寂寞中构筑过从家庭到王国的无数个虚拟世界，所以现在他一眼就看出这是一幅这样的画面，可能来自大灾难前遗留下来的某种自动装置。
“那么，现在还有人活着吗？”先行者问。
“您这样的人吗？”姑娘天真地反问。
“当然是我这样的真人，不是你这样的虚拟人。
”姑娘两只小手在胸前绞着，“您是最后一个这样的人了，如果不克隆的话……呜呜……”姑娘捂着脸哭起来。
先行者的心如沉海底。
“您怎么不问我是谁呢？”姑娘抬头仰望着他，又恢复了那副天真神色，好像转眼就忘了刚才的悲伤。
2019届高考语文二轮复习文言文阅读专项突破作业(全国卷用)24
2019届二轮复习文言文阅读专项突破作业（全国卷用）一、阅读下面的文言文，完成下列小题。
三槐堂铭并序苏轼天可必乎？贤者不必贵，仁者不必寿。
天不可必乎？仁者必有后。
二者将安取衷．哉？吾闻之申包胥曰：“人定者胜天，天定亦能胜人。
”世之论天者，皆不待其定而．求之，故以天为茫茫。
善者以怠，恶者以肆。
盗跖之寿，孔、颜之厄，此皆天之．未定者也。
松柏生于山林，其始也，困于蓬蒿，厄于牛羊，而其终也，贯四时、阅千岁而不改者，其天定也。
善恶之报，至于子孙，则其定也久矣。
吾以所见所闻考之，而其可必也审矣。
国之将兴，必有世德之臣，厚施而不食其报，然后其子孙能与守文太平之主，共天下之福。
故兵部侍郎晋国王公，显于汉、周之际，历事太祖、太宗，文武忠孝，天下望以为相，而公卒以直道不容于时。
盖尝手植三槐于庭，曰：“吾子孙必有为三公者。
”已而其子魏国文正公①，相真宗皇帝于景德、祥符之间，朝廷清明天下无事之时，享其福禄荣名者十有八年。
今夫寓物于人，明日而取之，有得有否。
而晋公修德于身，责报于．天，取必于数十年之后，如持左契，交手相付，吾是以知天之果可必也。
吾不及见魏公，而见其子懿敏公。
以直谏事．仁宗皇帝，出入侍从将帅三十余年，位不满其德。
天将复兴王氏也欤？何其子孙之多贤也。
世有以．晋公②比李栖筠者，其雄才直气，真不相上下。
而栖筠之子吉甫，其孙德裕，功名富贵，略与王氏等。
而忠恕仁厚，不及魏公父子。
由此观之，王氏之福盖未艾．也。
懿敏公之子巩与吾游，好德而文，以世其家，吾以是录之。
铭曰：“呜呼休哉！魏公之业，与槐俱萌；封植之勤，必世乃成。
既相真宗，四方砥平。
归视其家，槐阴满庭。
吾侪小人，朝不及夕。
相．时射利，皇恤厥德？庶几侥幸，不种而获。
不有君子，其何能国？王城之东，晋公所庐。
郁郁三槐，惟德之符。
呜呼休哉！”（注）①魏国文正公：指王旦，封魏国公，谥文正。
②晋（国）公，王佑。
1．对下列句子中加点的词的解释，不正确的一项是（）A．二者将安取衷．哉衷：中心B．以直谏事．仁宗皇帝事：侍奉C．王氏之福盖未艾．也艾：停止D．相．时射利，皇恤厥德相：察看2．下列各组句子中，加点的词的意义和用法相同的一组是（）A．皆不待其定而．求之德不厚而．望国之治B．此皆天之．未定者也哀斯墓之．徒有其石也C．责报于．天以勇气闻于．诸侯D．世有以．晋公比李栖筠者处涸辙以．犹欢3．把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
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2019届二轮复习文学类文本阅读作业（全国卷用）
一、
形势越来越紧。
我们隔壁住着一位年老的工商业者，原先是某工厂的老板，住屋是他自己修建的，同我的院子只隔了一道竹篱。
有人到他家去抄“四旧”了。
隔壁人家的，我们听得，从篱笆缝里也看得见一些情况。
这个晚上附近小孩几次打门捉小狗，幸而包弟不曾出来乱叫，也没有给捉了去。
这是我六十多年来第一次看见抄家，人们拿着东西进进出出，一些人在，有人坛坛罐罐。
这情景实在可怕。
十多天来我就睡不好觉，这一夜我想得更多，同萧珊谈起包弟的事情，我们最后决定把包弟送到医院去，交给我的大妹妹去办。
包弟送走后，我下班回家，听不见狗叫声，看不见包弟向我作揖、跟着我进屋，我反而感到轻松，真有一种甩掉包袱的感觉。
但是在我吞了两片眠尔通、上床许久还不能入睡的时候，我不由自主地想到了包弟，想来想去，我又觉得我不但不曾甩掉什么，反而背上了更加沉重的包袱。
在我眼前出现的不是摇头摆尾、连连作揖的小狗，而是躺在解剖桌上给割开肚皮的包弟。
我再往下想，不仅是小狗包弟，连我自己也在受解剖。
不能保护一条小狗，我感到羞耻；为了想保全自己，我把包弟送到解剖桌上，我瞧不起自己，我不能原谅自己！我就这样可耻地开始了十年洁劫中逆来顺受的苦难生活。
一方面责备自己，另一方面又想保全自己，不要让一家人跟自己一起堕入地狱。
我自己终于也变成了包弟，没有死在解剖桌上，倒是我的幸运。
……
1．为引文的空格处选出最合适的一组词语（）
A．一动一静清清楚楚大声叱骂摔破
B．一动一静仔仔细细大声吆喝摔破
C．一举一动清清楚楚大声嚷嚷敲打
D．一举一动清清楚楚大声叱骂摔破
2．理解下列词语的含义。
①有一种甩掉包袱的感觉
②反而背上了更加沉重的包袱
3．巴金对送走包弟感到轻松吗？在看到这段文字之前，你能够预测到作者送走包弟后的心情吗？
4．应如何理解划线句子“我自己终于也变成了包弟，没有死在解剖桌上，倒是我的幸运”。
5．作者说，“不能保护一条小狗，我感到羞耻；为了想保全自己，我把包弟送到解剖桌上，我瞧不起自己，我不能原谅自己！”你能体会到作者这样说的心情吗？你怎么理解？
二、
阅读下面的文章，完成问题。
遥远的向日葵地
李娟
就算是在鬼都不路过的荒野里，我妈离开蒙古包半步都会锁门。
我妈锁了门，发动摩托车，回头吩咐：“赛虎看家。
丑丑看地。
鸡好好下蛋。
”然后绝尘而去。
我妈此去是为了打水。
门口的水渠只在灌溉期的日子里才来几天水，平时用水只能去几公里外的排碱渠取。
她每天早上骑车过去打一次水，每次载两只二十公升的塑料壶。
我说：“那得烧多少汽油啊？好贵的水。
”
我妈细细算了一笔账：“不贵，比矿泉水便宜。
”
可排碱渠的水能和矿泉水比吗？又咸又苦。
然而总比没水好。
这么珍贵的水，主要用来做饭、洗碗，洗过碗的水给鸡鸭拌食，剩下的供一大家子日常饮用。
再有余水的话我妈就洗洗脸。
脏衣服攒着，到了水渠通水的日子，既是大喜的日子也是大洗的日子。
当然，我妈也没有多少衣服可洗。
她说：“天气又干又热，稍微干点活就一身汗。
比方锄草吧，锄一块地就脱一件衣服，等锄到地中间，就全脱没了……好在天气一热，葵花也长起来了，穿没穿衣服，谁也看不到；如果真来个人，离老远，赛虎丑丑就叫起来了。
”
于是整个夏天，她赤身扛锨穿行在葵花地里，晒得一身黢黑，和万物模糊了界线。
叶隙间阳光跳跃，脚下泥土暗涌。
她走在葵花林里，如跋涉大水之中，努力令自己不要漂浮起来。
大地最雄浑的力量不是地震，而是万物的生长啊……她没有衣服，无所遮蔽也无所依傍。
快要迷路一般眩晕。
目之所及，枝梢的手心便冲她张开，献上珍宝，捧出花蕾。
她停下等待。
花蕾却迟迟不绽。
赴约前的女子在深深闺房换了一身又一身衣服，迟迟下不了最后的决定。
我妈却赤身相迎，肝胆相照。
她终日锄草、间苗、打杈、喷药。
无比耐心。
浇地的日子最漫长。
地头闸门一开，水哗然而下，顺着地面的横渠如多米诺骨牌般一道紧挨着一道淌进纵向排列的狭长埂沟。
渐渐地，水流速度越来越慢。
我妈跟随水流缓缓前行，凝滞处挖一锨，跑水的缺口补块泥土，并将吃饱水的埂沟一一封堵。
那么广阔的土地，那么细长的水脉。
她几乎陪伴了每一株葵花的充分吮饮。
地底深处的庞大根系吮吸得滋滋有声，地面之上愈发沉静。
她抬头四望。
天地间空空荡荡，连一丝微风都没有。
世上只剩下植物，植物只剩下路。
所有路畅通无阻，所有门大打而开。
整整三天三夜，整面葵花地都均匀浸透了，整个世界都饱和了。
花蕾深处的女子才下定决心，选中了最终出场的一套华服。
即将开幕。
大地前所未有地寂静。
我妈是唯一的观众，不着寸缕，只踩着一双雨靴。
她双脚闷湿，浑身闪光。
再也没有人看到她了。
她脚踩雨靴，无所不至。
像女王般自由、光荣、权势鼎盛。
她是最强大的一株植物，铁锨是最贵重的权杖。
很久很久以后，当她给我诉说这些事情的时候，我还能感觉到她眉目间的光芒，感觉到她浑身哗然畅行的光合作用，感觉到她贯通终生的耐心与希望。
水渠通水那几天跟过年似的。
不但喂饱了葵花地，还洗掉了所有衣服，还把狗也洗了。
家里所有的盆盆罐罐大锅小锅都储满了水。
幸亏我家家什多，可省了好多汽油钱。
那几天鸭子们抓紧时间游泳，全都变成了新鸭子。
放眼望去，天上有白云，地上有鸭子。
天地间就数这两样最锃亮。
大约渠水流过的地方水气重，加之天气也渐渐暖和了，到第二次通水时，渠两岸便有了杂草冒头。
而水渠之外，除了作物初生的农地，整面大地依旧荒凉粗砾。
鸡最爱草地，整天乐此不疲。
一个个信步其间，领导似的背着手。
我猜草丛的世界全部展开的话，可能不亚于整个宇宙。
鸡如此痴迷，这瞅瞅，那啄啄。
有时突然歪着脑袋想半天，再单脚撑地沉默不语。
它不管看到什么都不会说出去。
天苍野茫，风吹草低见芦花鸡。
两只狗默默无言并卧渠边。
鸭子没完没了地啄洗羽毛。
在荒野中，窄窄一条水渠所聚拢的这么一点点生气，也丝毫不输世间所有大江大河湖泊海洋的盛景。
面对这一切，唯有兔子无动于衷。
每天瓜分完当天的口粮，它们就一个个尾随我妈进了葵花地。
太阳下山还不回家，显得比我妈还忙。
我妈说：“兔子，快看！水来了！”人家耳朵
都不侧转一下。
……
后来我离开了。
我常常会梦到秋天来临的时候，我们的葵花地金光灿烂、无边喧哗，无数次将我从梦中惊醒，却没有一次惊醒过它的故乡。
（选自《读者》，有删改）6．简要概括文中“母亲”的形象特点。
7．谈谈你对文中画线句子的理解。
（1）赴约前的女子在深深闺房换了一身又一身衣服，迟迟下不了最后的决定。
（2）那几天鸭子们抓紧时间游泳，全都变成了新鸭子。
8．试分析最后一段在文中的作用。
9．作者于文章中寄寓了深沉丰厚的情感，请分点加以概述。
1．A
【解析】第一空从“我们听得”看得出是“动静”和“清清楚楚”，“摔破”坛坛罐罐，故选A。
4．在那段动乱的日子里，最后自己也成了任人宰割的一只狗，没有了自由和尊严只是没有被折磨死，这是不幸中的万幸。
【解析】联系文章写作背景可以得出，在那个动乱的年代里，人也像狗一样，任人宰割。
5．这是作者发自内心的自责，当年像甩掉包袱一般将包弟送到医院的解剖桌，终于成为作者心上永远也无法卸却的重负。
这样的自责一方面是解剖自己，具有震慑人心的力量；
另一方面，又为将来人提供了一面值得借鉴的镜子。
【解析】这是作者的反思，反思自己，代表着整个社会的反思。
6．①谨慎、精打细算，如：离开蒙古包半步都会锁门，对水的价钱细细算了一笔账。
②勤劳能干，有顽强生命力，如：辛勤劳作等待葵花开。
③乐观、坚忍，如：文中表现的“贯通终生的耐心与希望”。
【解析】本题考查鉴赏作品人物形象的能力。
做此题，要从文中找到有关“母亲”
的句子，然后分析概括其形象特点，如“离开蒙古包半步都会锁门”，可概括出“谨慎”
的特点，“细细算了一笔账”可概括其“精打细算”的特点等。
7．（1）运用拟人的手法，把葵花将开而未开的状态比拟成赴约前总对自己服装不满意而迟迟不出门的女子，生动形象而又非常贴切地呈现出葵花盛开前的美丽姿态。
这是对葵花的赞美，更是对辛勤劳作的母亲的赞美。
（2）运用拟人的手法，生动形象地写出了通水后鸭子们的欢快、干净，也衬托出水渠通水时家乡的人、物都焕然一新、心情愉悦的特点。
【解析】本题考查赏析文中重要句子的含意的能力。
分析这两句话所用的修辞手法，结合其深意阐述即可。