动词不定式何时不带to
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动词不定式何时不带to?
在英语中,常见的不定式是带to的不定式,但在某些情况下,要使用不带to的不定式。关于这类不带to的不定式,在使用时极易出错,因此,只有经常注意分析此类语言现象,才能达到正确理解的目的。现将不带to的不定式的几种情况列举如下:
一、在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中,如果动词是表示感官意义的,如see,feel,hear,observe,notice,watch,
listen to,look at等等,其后作宾语补足语的动词不定式结构不带to。例如:
Did you see him go into the house?你看到他进入那座房子了吗?
She looked at(watched)other people play basketball.她在观看别人打篮球。
I didn't notice anyone enter the room.我没注意到有人进入那房间。
He listened to us talk.他听我们谈话。
二、在使役动词make,let,have等之后,作宾语补足语的不定式结构不带to。例如:
John made her tell him everything.约翰叫她把一切事情都告诉他。
The soldier had him stand with his back to his
father.士兵要他背对他父亲站着。
Let me do it.让我来做。
注意:当这类动词转换为被动语态时,后面不带to的动词不定式要转换为带to的动词不定式(但have一般不用于被动句)。但当句子的动词为let时,to仍可省略。例如:
The boy was seen to go into the house.有人看到那男孩走进那座房子。
They were made to work day and night.他们被迫日夜干活。
The prisoners were let go.罪犯被释放了。
三、在help后面可以接带to或不带 to的不定式。例如:
Can I help(to)carry it for you?我可以帮你拿这个吗?
They helped(to)carry the boxes upstairs.他们帮忙把箱子搬上楼去。
四、当介词except,but后接不定式时,如果except,but前面含行为动词do或do的各种词形时,不定式一般不带
to。例如:
There was nothing to do but wait till he came back.没有办法只好等他回来。
He will do anything except lend you money.他决不会借钱给你。
如果except,but前面没有do这一动词或do的各种词形时,不定式一般都带 to。例如:
There's no choice but to wait for the rain to
stop.没有别的选择,只好等雨停下来。
五、在“Why...?”或“Why not...?”结构中,紧
接其后的动词不定式总是不带 to。例如:
Why not give Mary some flowers?为什么不给玛丽一些花呢?
Why spend so much money?为什么花这么多钱?
Why not let me do as I like?为什么不让我按照自己的意愿去做?
六、动词之后接一系列动词不定式,除第一个不定式用to外,后面的不定式通常都不用to。例如:
She told the child to stay there and wait till she came
back.她告诉孩子呆在那儿等她回来。
Dare to think,speak and act.敢想,敢说,敢做。
七、在固定词组 had
better,would(had)rather(宁愿),would(had)rather...than...(宁愿……而不……)等之后,通常接不带to的不定式。
例如:
You had better come earlier.你最好早点儿来。
I would rather not go.我宁愿不去。
He would rather stay at school than go home.他宁愿呆在学校而不回家。
八、不定式作表语时,如果前面主语或主语从句中有动词do或do的各种词形,那么不定式一般不带to。例如:
All I could do was go home.我只能回家。
The best way for us to do is(to)wait our chance.我们最好的办法就是等待机会。
What the plan does is(to)improve our living
conditions.这项计划的作用是改善我们的生活条件。