初高中英语衔接系列讲与练之二句子成分分析
初高中英语衔接课程讲义句子的成分和基本句型
第四章句子的成分和基本句型句子成分:组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同,可分为:主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补语。
一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是:“什么人”或“什么物”,主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
例如:Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。
He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。
To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。
二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,英语中谓语只能用动词..充当。
例如:We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is my father. 他是我父亲。
They all look fine. 他们都很好。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
例如:I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading.三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。
由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当,和及物动词一起构成谓语,说明主语“做什么”。
例如:Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。
I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。
He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。
直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
合称双宾。
例如:He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。
间接宾语直接宾语Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。
初高中英语衔接系列讲与练之二句子成分分析
初高中英语衔接系列讲与练之二简单句的句子成份剖析( 主语、谓语、宾语、定语 )句子的基本成份剖析是高中英语语法学习的基础准备。
不会剖析句子成份,高中阶段的主要语法的学习如定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语等就会显得十分困难。
一.句子的主要成份与次要成份[ 解说]句子成分是句子中起必定功用的构成部分。
句子的主要成份由主语和谓语部分部分构成。
句子的次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语等。
此中,补语与同位语在高中阶段较常有。
比如:The trees on the mountain grow green in the spring(主语)(定语修饰主语 ) (系动词)( 表语)(状语 )Who left the guest waiting in the meeting so long.?(主语)(谓语 )(宾语 )(补语 )(状语 )[ 练习]在括号内写出以下句子划线部分的基本成份are workers from China.() () ()()2. The singer made himself known.()()()()classmates sent their best wishes to me.() ()()( )() () ( )二、主语及充任主语的词性、形式、短语或句子[ 解说 ] 主语是句子的主体,是谓语陈说或说明的对象。
正常语序的句子的主语在谓语动词前方或系动词前方。
充任主语的词性闻名词、代词、数词等。
这一点我们在初中阶段较为熟习。
比如:Deer are animals.(主语由名词deer 来充任 )Everything goes well.(主语由代词everything来充任)99 is larger than 98. (主语由数词99 来充任 )以下充任主语的状况在高中阶段较为常有。
他们是:不定式、动名词等形式充任主语,动名词短语、不定式短语、介词短语充任主语以及充任主语从句充任主语。
初高中英语衔接之句子成分教学(30张)
初高中英语衔接之句子成分教学(30张 )
三、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示: 1. He is a teacher. ( 名词 ) 2. My idea is this.( 代词 ) 3. She was the first to arrive.( 数词 ) 4. I feel much better today./I must be off now.
John often came to chat with me.
(程度
目的)
As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
(原因)
She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.
(地点
伴随)
My father worked in this school ten years ago.
初高中英语衔接之句子成分教学(30张 )
初高中英语衔接之句子成分教学(30张 )
二、宾语 宾语可以用下面这些东西表示: 1.She lived a happy life.(名词 ) 2.I love you.( 代词) 3.We need two.( 数词 ) 4.Do you mind my opening the door?(动名词) 5.He began to learn English a year ago.(不定式) 6.He did not know what to say.(疑问词+不定式) 7.Did you write down what she said? ( 从句 ) 8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them. ( It作形式宾语,不定式是真正的宾语 )Fra bibliotek句子成分3
初高中英语衔接课程讲义句子的成分和基本句型
第四章句子的成分和基本句型句子成分:组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同,可分为:主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补语。
一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是:“什么人”或“什么物”,主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
例如:Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。
He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。
To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。
二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,英语中谓语只能用动词..充当。
例如:We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is my father. 他是我父亲。
They all look fine. 他们都很好。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
例如:I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading.三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。
由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当,和及物动词一起构成谓语,说明主语“做什么”。
例如:Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。
I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。
He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。
直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
合称双宾。
例如:He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。
间接宾语直接宾语Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。
英语句型结构与句子成分划分复习过程
英语句型结构与句子成分划分高一英语初高中衔接练习第二讲英语句型结构与句子成分划分一、句子类型(1)、简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语动词)构成的句子。
1) 简单句的类别1.陈述句(肯定句、否定句)2.疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意3.祈使句4.感叹句(How + adj. ( +S + V) ! What + n. ( +S + V) !2) 简单句的基本词序主语谓语宾语状语I bought a hat yesterday.The children ran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently on the stage.(2)、并列句:由两个或两个以上等立而又相互独立的简单句构成,两个简单句由并列连词连在一起。
其结构是:简单句+并列连词+简单句1. I help him and he helps me .2. He failed many times but he wasn’t discouraged.3. We must hurry, or we shall miss the train.4. Not only did he write to us but also he came here yesterday.or I didn’t hear well.5. Either he didn’t speak clearly(3)、复合句:简单句中的某一个成分由一个句子来充当。
1.名词性从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句1) What he said just now is right. 2) He said that he had seen the film.3) This is why he didn’t go to school.4) The news that he has passed the exam made me happy.引导名词性从句的连词有:that, which, if, whether, who, whom, whose, when ,how, where, why, ever.2.修饰性(形容词性)从句:定语从句1) The man who is standing there is White.2) The building which was built is a school. 3) This is the place where I lived.引导定语从句的连词有:that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why.3. 副词性从句:状语从句(条件、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、让步状语从句)引导状语从句的连词有:when, while, as, as soon as, after, since, until, till, where, if, unless, because, in order that, so…that…, though, wherever, whenever, a s …as, not so…as, than二. 句子成分划分<1>. 讨论题: 找出下列句子中相应的成分:1.Subject (主语) The sun rises in the east.2.Predicate.(谓语) We study English.3. Object(宾语) We love China.4. Predictive(表语) We are Chinese.5.Attributive/Attribute(定语) This is a difficult problem.pletement(补语) We elected him monitor.7.Adverbial(状语) He runs fast.8.Appositive(同位语) This is Miss Zou, my teacher.9.Parenthesis(插入语) To be frank, I don’t agree with you.<2> 句子成分的分类1. 主语: 主语表示句子要说明的人或事物。
初高中英语衔接--句子成分与句子分析
初高中英语衔接----句子成分与句子分析一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.总结:句子成分句子的组成成分叫句子成分。
在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。
句子成分由词或词组充当。
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有八种:___________ 、谓语、________ 、宾语、_________ 和状语、___________和同位语。
主语(subject)二、找出下列句子的主语并说明由什么词充当1.Walls have ears.2. He will take you to the hospital.3.Three plus four equals seven.4.To see is to believe.5.Smoking is not allowed in public places.6.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.7.To learn English well is very important. 总结:1.主语是句子所要说明的人或事物表示句子所说的是”什么人”或”什么事物”,是句子的主体。
2021-2022学年初高中衔接英语:句子成分分析课件
(二)谓语
注意: (1)情态动词加动词原形共同构成谓语。 Eg.
You can keep the book for two weeks.
(2)由系动词加表语构成,即系表结构 Eg. We are delighted every day.
牛刀小试:
指出下列句中的谓语部分 1. On your way to success, you will surely
充当状语) 3.He is proud to have passed the exam last term.
(时间状语)
牛刀小试:
指出下列句中的状语部分 1. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 2. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. 3. The man on the motorbike was traveling too
he got up late.
(五)宾语补足语
宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作, 一般位于宾语之后 。
“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、不定 式、分词、介词短语充当。
例如:
1.His father named him Tom. (名词充当宾语补足语)
2.They painted their house blue. (形容词充当宾语补 足语)
(定语从句充当定语)
牛刀小试:
指出下列句中的定语部分 1. He is reading an article about how to learn
English. 2. She is the girl who sings best in my class. 3. The famous museum attracted many people.
初升高暑期衔接新高一英语人教版提升课导学案第二讲句子成分
第二节句子的基本成分Ⅰ.基础知识回顾1.主语(subject)主语是说明谓语动词所表示的动作或状态的执行者,一般位于句首,而在there be句型、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语常位于be动词、助动词、谓语动词或情态动词之后。
常用作主语的主要有名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、主语从句等。
2.谓语(predicate)谓语用于表示主语的动作或者表示主语具有的特征或状态,常位于主语之后。
常用作谓语的主要有动词和动词短语等。
3.宾语(objective)宾语用于表示动作涉及的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词或者介词之后。
常用作宾语的主要有名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、宾语从句等。
(1).双宾语概念:指“动词+间接宾语(往往指人)+直接宾语(往往指物)”Eg:My friend lends me his dictionary.(2).复合宾语概念:指“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”Eg:I found him very kind.4.宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明的句子成分,一般放在宾语之后。
常用作宾补的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。
5.表语表语用于说明主语的身份、特征、属性或状态等,常位于be、bee、get、keep、look、grow、seem、sound、turn等系动词之后。
常用作表语的主要有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、表语从句等。
6.定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,单词作定语时厂房在被修饰词之前,而短语或句子作定语时,往往放在被修饰词之后。
常用作定语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、定语从句等。
7.状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、其它状语或整个句子,说明动作或状态的特征,以及时间、地点、原因、目的等,其位置不固定。
初高中英语衔接课程讲义句子的成分和基本句型
初高中英语衔接课程讲义句子的成分和基本句型This model paper was revised by LINDA on December 15, 2012.第四章 句子的成分和基本句型句子成分:组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同,可分为:主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补语。
一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是:“什么人”或“什么物”,主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
例如:Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。
He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。
To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。
二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,英语中谓语只能用动.词.充当。
例如:We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is my father. 他是我父亲。
They all look fine. 他们都很好。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
例如:I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading.三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。
由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当,和及物动词一起构成谓语,说明主语“做什么”。
例如:Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。
I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。
He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。
直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
初升高英语衔接语法部分---句子成份,简单句,并列句,复合句
初高中英语衔接之语法基础第一节句子成分句子由句子成分组成。
句子成分主要分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
一.主语Subject主语是一个句子所要说明的人和物,是句子的主体。
它一般位于句首,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词以及主语从句等来充当。
请划出句子主语,并判断是什么成分做主语。
Knowledge is power.She is a small eater.Three will be enough for us.The injured _____ (send) to hospital at once when the accident happened .To see ___ to believe._____ (read) books is my hobby._______ (我们所需要的东西) is your help.改错1. Visit a museum excites teenagers.2. Disabled should be respected.3. Our school has taken place great changes.二、谓语Predicate谓语是用来说明主语的动作、状态或特征,一般放在主语之后。
谓语有以下几种基本情况1.由一个动词或动词词组构成,无论这个动词是何种时态、语态和语气。
Everything ____ (go) smoothly last month.Thousands of trees _______(plant) every year.They ______(finish) the work so far.They _________(swim) in the river now.2.情态动词+动词We must study English hard.Water can be dangerous.You can’t park here- it's a no parking area.That can’t be Tom-he is studying abroad.May I come in?I may go with you, but I'm not sureShe cried her eyes out. Something terrible must _____(happen).The experiment can _________ (complete) on time.3.连系动词+表语,说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份系动词的数量是有限的,常见的只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词。
初升高衔接——英语句子成分解析
英语句子成分解析1.主语(subject)2.谓语(predicate)3.宾语(object)4.表语(predicative)5.定语(attribute)6.状语(adverbial)7、补语(complement)8、同位语(appositive)主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme), 是句子所述说的主体, 它的位置一般在一句之首, 可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1.Ou.maste.i.ver.kind.2.H.i..goo.boy.3.Teachin.the.Englis.i.he.job.4.T.wor.wit.the.i.ver.interesting指出下列句中的主语① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2.谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。
谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成。
1. 由简单的动词构成。
(1).H.worke.har.al.da.today.(2).Th.plan.too.of.a.te.o’clock.2. 由动词短语构成的谓语.(1)..a.reading.(2).Yo.ca.d.i.i.yo.tr.hard.3.英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词,表生动。
这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have.get.take.giv.等。
初高中英语衔接教学专题之英语句子成分
1.His father named him Dongming. (名词)
2.They painted their boat white. (形容词)
3.Let the fresh air in. (副词) 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money
to you.(不定式短语)
6.His job is to teach English.(不定式) 7.His hobby is playing football.(动名词)
8.The meeting is of great importance. (介词短语) 9.Time is up. The class is over.(副词)
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、 不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句 表示。例如:
1.Our teacher of English is an American. (名词) 2.Is it yours?(代词) 3.The weather has turned cold.(形容词) 4.The speech is exciting.(分词) 5.Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
3)表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念, 主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He seems (to be) very sad.
注意:系动词(Linking verb)用于连接主语和表 语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。
4)感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft.
5)变化系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如: He became mad after that.
高中英语学习基础必备———句子成分分析
初高中英语衔接系列讲与练之二简单句的句子成份分析(主语、谓语、宾语、定语)句子的基本成份分析是高中英语语法学习的基础准备。
不会分析句子成份,高中阶段的主要语法的学习如定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语等就会显得十分困难。
一.句子的主要成份与次要成份[讲解]句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
句子的主要成份由主语和谓语部分部分组成。
句子的次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语等。
其中,补语与同位语在高中阶段较常见。
例如:The trees on the mountain grow green in the spring(主语) (定语修饰主语) (系动词) (表语) (状语)Who left the guest waiting in the meeting so long.(主语) (谓语) (宾语) (补语) (状语)[练习] 在括号内写出以下句子划线部分的基本成份are workers from China.() ( ) ( ) ( )2. The singer made himself known.() ( ) ( ) ( )classmates sent their best wishes to me.() ( ) ( ) ( ) () ( ) ( )二、主语及充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子[讲解]主语是句子的主体,是谓语陈述或说明的对象。
正常语序的句子的主语在谓语动词前面或系动词前面。
充当主语的词性有名词、代词、数词等。
这一点我们在初中阶段较为熟悉。
例如:Deer are animals.(主语由名词deer来充当)Everything goes well.(主语由代词everything来充当)99 is larger than 98. (主语由数词99来充当)以下充当主语的情况在高中阶段较为常见。
他们是:不定式、动名词等形式充当主语,动名词短语、不定式短语、介词短语充当主语以及充当主语从句充当主语。
初高中英语衔接音标与句子成分讲解
初高中英语衔接音标与句子成分讲解单元音:[i:]: he she me we tea eat meat see tree see receive key polic e policeman machinepeople piece field believe thief[ɪ]: cabbage begin English pretty cinema monkey big city very sorr y busy build building[e]: any many anyone said says pen bed egg desk bread breakfast bu ry[æ]: bag am and at sad[ɑ:]: class banana father after half car far park arm star laugh heart [^]: come none love other blood flood touch enough young bus sun but cut up[ɜ:]:learn earth early heard her term first girl bird sir third word wo rld nurse turn hurt journal[ə]:along China student different today welcome police father mother doctordelicious previous surprise colour picture[u:]: do to who too zoo food pool boot school group through blue gl ue fruit juice shoe[ʊ]: woman wolf book look good foot could would should p ut push[ɒ]:want wash watch what hot not sorry cough Australia[ɔ:]: water ball call fall hall mall small tall wallwarm quarter August daughter law door floor more before short sportbought brought thought four your blackboard story双元音:[aɪ]:time like nice fine five my by why sign high light right die lie tie[eɪ]: name cake game face wait: day may okay play today eight ei ghteen eighty they great break[ɪə]: serious real really idea here ear dear hear near clear beer deer pioneer[əʊ]: go no nose home show know yellow window goat boat shoul der though[ʊə]:sure poor tour[aʊ]: out about house how now cow[eə]: air hair chair care parent wear bear there where their[ɔɪ]: oil toilet boil soil boy toy employ辅音/p/ pig pet cap park apple happy/b/ big bag book rabbit cabbage/t/ it cat fat table matter[d] dog red bed head smiled opened played/k/ cap cook cup cake cook week desk cock sock clock/g/ bag get gas egg[f] four five fish phone photo elephant laugh[v] video vase love violin[θ] three third teeth mouth[ð] this that those father mother brother clothes[s] sea sit star face ice nice rice grass glass class[z] zoo vase zero bags photos sisters nose rose[∫] sugar sure she fish ship cash shop[3] measure pleasure[t∫] teacher peach cherry chair watch match[d3] age page magic job jam jump cage orange cabbage[ts] cats pets eats gates dates tastes[dz] seeds woods friends rides[tr] tree true truck train[dr] dry dragon drink[h] her head heart hair who whose[r] rice room ride road mirror carrot parrot write wron g wrap[m] moon money monkey[n] nose net nut rain train knee knife knock[l] look light lock lucky tell ball pull[η] bank tank finger sing song king reading[w] winter window watch water white where which wh en why[j] you your yes yard句子成分讲解主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体。
英语初高衔接课---句子基本结构、句子成分(教师版)
英语初高衔接课句子基本结构、句子成分(教师版)PresentationⅠ. 简单句(Simple sentence):回忆简单句的五种基本句型Ⅱ. 并列句(Compound sentence):什么叫并列句?学过的并列连词有哪些?1.定义:并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子,其结构为“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
常见的并列连词有and, but, or ,so, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, either…or…等e.g. 再试一次吧,或许你就能赢得去意大利的免费车票。
(用横线划出并列的句子及并列连词)我们邻近的电影院又小又旧,但是他们的却又大又现代。
(中译英)The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but theirs is big and modern.小心,否则你会打碎那个花瓶的!(中译英)Be careful, or you will break that vase!Jack在每门功课上都努力学习,因此他上学期获得了奖学金(scholarship)。
(中译英)Jack worked very hard at every subject, so he gained a scholarship last term.他不但认识她而且他们还是好朋友。
(中译英)Tom既不留长发,也不穿牛仔裤。
(中译英)2.知识拓展:用and、as well as、neither(nor)等并列连词连接并列句时,某些重复的成分常被省略。
e.g.I don’t know, nor does she (know).●不少并列连词具有对称性,这样的连词常见的有:and, not only…but also…, 利用连词的对称性,可以由连词一边的结构推断出另一边的结构。
e.g. Unfortunately, the rear(后面,后部)of my car was heavy because the engine was there and alsobecause there was a new weight-lifting set laid in the back seat, my car turned completely around on the slippery road.A woman in a night dress and a borrowed(借来的)man’s coat screamed when she saw me andcame (come) running madly. (14年高考一模语法填空题)Ⅲ. 复合句(Complex sentence):什么叫复合句?你所学的复合句有哪些?宾语从句需要遵循什么样的时态及语序规则?1.定义:复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
借力句子成分分析 做好初高中英语衔接教学
借力句子成分分析做好初高中英语衔接教学随着高中英语教学的全面推进,初中英语教学与高中英语教学的衔接成为了当前英语教育中一个重要的问题。
针对这一问题,我们可以通过借力句子成分分析的方法来加强初中英语与高中英语之间的衔接,从而帮助学生更好地掌握英语语言知识。
在英语教学中,句子成分是非常重要的语言学概念。
需要注意的是,在初中阶段,学生学习的主要是单句的语法结构,主要侧重于句子的基本结构、主谓宾的组合等,而在高中阶段,学生则需要逐渐深入到句子的深层次结构,包括动词短语、名词短语、介词短语等各种成分的细致分析。
因此,学生需要在初中阶段就打好句子成分的基础,才能够应对高中英语的深入学习。
借力句子成分分析的方法是,根据句子结构和语法规则,分析句子中各个成分的功能和作用,从而理解句子的意思,掌握句子的语法知识。
在实践中,我们可以通过以下几个方面来加强初高中英语之间的衔接。
一、强化基础知识,打好基础在初中阶段,学生需要学习的主要是简单的基本句型。
一般而言,第一步是让学生学会对句子进行简单的主谓宾分析,了解句子的基础结构。
这是初中英语掌握句子成分基础的必经之路,在高中阶段也是不可或缺的基础。
二、提高分析技能,拓展知识面在初中阶段,我们要培养学生逐渐掌握句子的成分,并能够对复杂句子进行分析,提高语言分析技能。
要帮助学生拓展知识面,让他们了解更多的句子成分,如动词短语、名词短语、形容词短语、介词短语等,从而为高中英语的学习打下坚实的基础。
三、注重应用能力,练习运用技巧在初高中英语衔接教学中,我们还需要注重学生的应用能力和运用技巧的练习。
通过大量的习题练习,让学生熟练掌握句子成分的分析方法和运用技巧,从而更好地应对高中英语的深入学习。
四、培养语感,提高语言品味除了掌握句子成分的基础知识和提高分析技能之外,我们还需要培养学生的语感,提高他们的语言品味。
在语言的运用中,词语的选择、语气的把握、参照和省略的运用等都会影响语言的准确性和表达的效果。
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初高中英语衔接系列讲与练之二简单句的句子成份分析(主语、谓语、宾语、定语)句子的基本成份分析是高中英语语法学习的基础准备。
不会分析句子成份,高中阶段的主要语法的学习如定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语等就会显得十分困难。
一.句子的主要成份与次要成份[讲解]句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
句子的主要成份由主语和谓语部分部分组成。
句子的次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语等。
其中,补语与同位语在高中阶段较常见。
例如:The trees on the mountain grow green in the spring(主语) (定语修饰主语) (系动词) (表语) (状语)Who left the guest waiting in the meeting so long.(主语) (谓语) (宾语) (补语) (状语)[练习] 在括号内写出以下句子划线部分的基本成份1.They are workers from China.()( ) ( ) ( )2. The singer made himself known.()( ) ( ) ( )3.My classmates sent their best wishes to me.()( ) ( ) ( ) ()( ) ( )二、主语及充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子[讲解]主语是句子的主体,是谓语陈述或说明的对象。
正常语序的句子的主语在谓语动词前面或系动词前面。
充当主语的词性有名词、代词、数词等。
这一点我们在初中阶段较为熟悉。
例如:Deer are animals.(主语由名词deer来充当)Everything goes well.(主语由代词everything来充当)99 is larger than 98. (主语由数词99来充当)以下充当主语的情况在高中阶段较为常见。
他们是:不定式、动名词等形式充当主语,动名词短语、不定式短语、介词短语充当主语以及充当主语从句充当主语。
例如:To say is one thing and to do is another thing.(主语由不定式to say来充当)To host a party is not an easy thing.(主语由不定式短语to host a party来充当)Swimming does good to one’s health.(主语由动名词swimming来充当)Walking his pet dog every day is his favorite.(主语由动名词短语Walking his pet dog every day来充当)What he said hurt me greatly.(主语由what he said这一主语从句来充当)[练习] 在以下句子的主语部分加下划线并在括号内写出充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子。
You, he and I are all senior school students.( )Nothing is more important than EQ.( )To learn a foreign language calls for patiences.( )Being honest will pay.( )Where his mother will go is a secret.( )三、谓语以及充当谓语的动词[讲解]谓语说明主语的的动作、行为、特征或状态,谓语动词说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语动词有不及物动词、系动词和及物动词三大类。
谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,除了一般现在时和一般过去时的主被动形式外,谓语动词往往由下列词语中的两个或两个以上依序排列构成:情态动词+时态助动词+语态助动词+主要动词。
例如:The bike went wrong again.(went 作谓语,系动词)Most of the my classmates work hard.(work作谓语,不及物动词)They told me his experiences in America.(told作谓语,及物动词)Some students are making much noise in the classroom now.(are making作谓语)We will stay at the school at the weekend.(will stay作谓语)Many flowers will have been planted by the end of the year.(will have been planted作谓语)[练习] 将以下句子的谓语动词部分划线1.The old lady keeps healthy by taking exercise every day.2.Our old books have been sold out already.3.Does he go to work at eight4.Are you watching football games now5.You shall be bought a new MP4 player next month.四、宾语及充当宾语的词性、形式、短语或句子[讲解]宾语表示行为的对象。
宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。
充当宾语的词性有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、不定式短语、动名词短语、宾语从句充当主语。
例如:The factory makes paper.(名词作宾语)I will make it one day.(代词作宾语)The price increased by 10%.(数词作宾语)They planned to go ahead of time.(不定式作宾语)Do you like swimming(动名词作宾语)Some students asked to act as volunteers.(不定式短语作宾语)I forgot bringing my mobile phone.(动名词短语作宾语)Do you know where he lives(宾语从句作宾语)[练习] 根据汉语提示将以下句子的宾语译成英语。
1. I like my new ________(学校) and my __________(同学).2. My bag is red while ______(你的) is brown.3. Do you want ______ ______ ______ ______(休息一下)?4.Let’s stop ______(工作) and go out for a change.5. Can you understand ______ ______ ______(我所说的话) just now五、定语及充当定语的词性、形式、短语或句子定语用来修饰或限制名词或代词。
可用作定语的有形容词、代词、数词、名词、名词所有格、分词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式、副词、介词短语及从句等。
例如:(1)名词作定语:A book cover, a coffee cup, a table leg, a mountain plant(2)形容词(短语)作定语: an attractive sight, people alive,the students present at the meeting(3)副词(短语)作定语: The students here work hard. The book over there is his.(4)介词短语作定语: The pencil-bos on the desk is mine.(5)动名词、分词(短语)定语: He is a walking dictionaryDo you know the boy standing outside the classroomI like novels written by Luxun.(6)不定式(短语): Is there anything to eat(7)定语从句: The bookcase that was bought yesterday is cheap.[练习]将下列句中作定语的部分划线.1.I need a book cover.2.John is a handsome star.3.The trees over there grow green.4.The books in my schoolbag are readable.5. The crowds waiting for Yang Liwei cheered up.6. I’d like to introduce a book called A Woman in White to you.7.The computer to be repaired is on the desk.8. Do you know the date when he was born(待续)练习参考答案一.[练习] 在括号内写出以下句子划线部分的基本成份1.(主语)(系动词) (表语) (定语)2.(主语)(谓语) (宾语) (补语)3.(定语)(主语) (谓语) (定语) (定语)(宾语) (状语)二、[练习] 在以下句子的主语部分加下划线并在括号内写出充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子。
1.You, he and I are all senior school students.(代词)2.Nothing is more important than EQ.(代词)3.To learn a foreign language calls for patiences.(不定式短语)4.Being honest will pay.(动名词短语)5.Where his mother will go is a secret.( 主语从句)三、[练习] 将以下句子的谓语动词部分划线1.The old lady keeps healthy by taking exercise every day.2.Our old books have been sold out already.3.Does he go to work at eight4.Are you watching football games now5.You shall be bought a new MP4 player next month.四、[练习] 根据汉语提示将以下句子的宾语译成英语。