高中英语句子种类与成分精辟总结

一．句子种类

句子按功能分可分为四种：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句

1.陈述句用来陈述事实，有肯定和否定两种结构

History will not repeat itself.

The train had not left when we got to the station.

2.疑问句用来提出问题，句末有问号。疑问句有四种：一般\特殊\选择\附加疑问句

Is English the most widely spoken language in the world?

Where the hell have they been hiding?

Shall we go home or stay here for the night?

Your classmates study very hard, don’t they?

3.祈使句用来提出请求、命令、劝告、建议等

Be careful!

Don’t interrupt me while I am working.

Please sign here to show that you have received the money.

4.感叹句用来表达喜怒哀乐等各种情感

What a beautiful scene(it is)!

How fast the horse is running!

How careless the kids are!

句子按结构分可分为：简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句

1.简单句只包含一个主谓结构，但是可以有并列的主语、并列的谓语.

The teacher tried hard to sustain the children’s interest in learning English.

He and his twin brother share a lot in common.

The old man slowly rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus.

2.并列句中含有2个或者2个以上并列的简单句，由并列词或分号连接。常用的连词有and, but, for, nor, or, so, still, while, whereas, yet等。有时候也可在连词前用逗号隔开。

We must plan our family budget carefully, for the price of food has risen recently.

Jame works at the Family Planning Clinic and her husband does research work for the same unit.

3.复合句含有一个主语或一个以上的从句。常见的从句有名词性从句（即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句。

That the child survived the accident was a miracle.(主语从句)

The reason why I plan to go to college is that she will be disappointed if I don’t.(表语从句)

The teacher taught us that we should always do our best.(宾语从句)

The rumor that they would get married spread at once.(同位语从句)

That’s the painter whose works are so highly regarded.(定语从句)

Although Richard counted the cash three times, the total still didn’t tally with the amount on the register tape.

4.并列复合句是含有复合句的并列句。

When the projector broke for a second time, some people in the audience hissed, and others shouted for a refund.

二．句子成分

句子成分有：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补语、主语补语、同位语等。

1.主语是句子讲述的主体。

The children have never tasted the delights of country life.

Three plus one equals four.

Watching a movie is a pleasure; making one is hard work.

How much money was stolen from the bank is not yet known.

It is of great importance that you are punctual.

It is impossible for her to buy a car with cash.

It is no use crying over the spilt milk.

2.谓语是表达主语动词或状态句子成分。(略)

3.表语用来说明主语的特征、状态、身份等，位于连系动词之后。常见的能够成系表结构的动词有: appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, go, grow, keep, look, prove, remain, make, smell, seem, stay, taste, turn等。

I think she will make a president, so I am going to vote for her.(名词作表语)

I am not myself today.（代词作表语）

Twenty minus ten is ten. （数词作表语）

Please feel free to say what you really think.(形容词作表语)

He is here on a visit from Guangzhou.(副词作表语)

To have knowledge is to know the truth.(不定式作表语)

The village appeared deserted, and not even a dog was to be see.(过去分词作表语)

The first step in her education was learning to read.(动名词短语作表语)

His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.(从句作表语)

4.宾语

（1）宾语表示动作的对象或动作的承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词之后。如：

You should follow your own inclinations.(名词作宾语)

We like him.(宾格~~)

They are practicing speaking English in front of people.(动名词短语~~)

He pretended to be dead when he met a bear.(不定式~~)

I think that I will go to my uncle’s on Sunday.(从句~~)

.......

（2）如果宾语是动词同源的名词称作同源宾语。这些宾语放在某些不及物动词后，前面常有修饰语。如：

She dreamed a dream.

They lived a simple life in the countryside.

We fought a hard fight.

（3）宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语两种。直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。英语中有些动词只可以接一个宾语，有些动词可以接两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。可接双宾语的动词主要有：answer, bring, buy, deny, do, fetch, find, get, give, hand, keep, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, refuse, save, sell, show, take, throw, wish, write等。如：

He promised her early return.

He denies his children nothing.

They refused him admittance.

The waiter smiled politely as he handed me a bill.........

5.定语用来修饰名词或代词。定语一般可由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式短语、动名词短语、从句等担任。