主语、宾语从句(学生版)

高中课程精华名词性从句（一）知识体系归纳定义理解：一个句子充当一个名词做主语、宾语、表语和同位语（看成一件事）分类：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句【考点一】主语从句1 that引导的主语从句，that只起连接作用，不充当成分,但不能省略。

That he will come and help us is certain. = It is certain that he will come and help us.2 whether/ if 引导的主语从句：whether可在句首、句中。

if只能在句中，前边是it形式主语。

Whether it is true remains a question. （不能用if）It is doubtful whether the manager knew the details of the plan. （均可）3 wh-类连接词引导的主语从句What you are doing is very difficult. What作宾语Whoever breaks the law should be punished. Whoever作主语Who will do the job has not been decided. Who作主语When we shall have our sports meet is still a question. When作状语4 it+谓语+主语从句⑴ it+系动词+形容词+从句It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.It is very important that we master English words as many as possible.⑵ it+系动词+名词+从句It is a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.⑶ It +系动词+过去分词+从句It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment.It is known to all that the earth is being polluted by human beings.⑷ it+不及物动词+从句，常见的有appear似乎好像；happen碰巧；matter要紧；occur发生；seem好像It happened that I was not there that day.It suddenly occurred to him that the keys might be left in the car.It doesn't matter whether the paper is thick or thin.【考点二】宾语从句判断原则——动词或介词后+句子，构成动宾或介宾结构1 that引导的宾语从句，常常省略Tom hopes (that) the teacher won’t ask him a question.I believe (that) you are telling the truth.2 在ask, suggest, demand, desire, insist, order, command, propose, recommend, require等表示愿望、要求、请求、命令、建议等动词之后，that从句用(should)+动词原形这种虚拟结构来表达。

The teacher suggested that we should call off the plan.The company demanded that the production (should)rise at the rate of 5 percent a year.3 宾语从句的时态一致性：①主句是现在时，从句根据实际情况。

②主句为过去时，从句一定为过去范畴的某个时态。

（客观事实真理除外）例句：I know he lived in a city four years ago. He said that he had seen the film.He says he will swim with me tomorrow. The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.4 如果有两个that引导的从句作宾语，第二个that通常不省略I know (that) you have studied English, and that you have written an English poem.She denied (that) she had seen the man and that she had been in touch with him.5 在由doubt, doubtful引导的宾语从句，如果主语肯定，连接词用whether/if，如果主句否定或疑问，连接词常用thatI doubt if/ whether he can pass the exam. I don’t doubt that he will pass the exam.I am doubtful whether /if they will win the game. I am not doubtful that he will get the job.6 whether/if 引导的定语从句一般可互换，但是下列句子常用whetherWhether he is an expert, I don’t mind. 宾语从句在句首They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student. Whether紧跟or not，不用if，若与or not分开即可We are now discussing whether we should go swimming. Discuss后不用ifCan you tell me whether to go or to stay. 后接不定式用whether7 介词后：except that除了in that因为... but that...要不是The movie is wonderful on the whole except that the sound was low.He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his time to reading.He would have helped us but that he was short of money at that time.真题实战演练1 It doesn’t matter ____you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.A whetherB howC ifD when2 The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for ____he could find about Mark Twain.A whereverB howeverC whateverD whichever3 Scientists study____human brains work to make computers.A whenB howC that whether4 As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best.A whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever5 Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.A. whyB. howC. thatD. whether6 It suddenly occurred to him____ he had left his keys in the office.A．whether B．where C．which D．that7 Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter ____ you have lived there for a short or a long time.A whyB howC whetherD when8 The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ____he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.A. whereB. whetherC. thatD. why9 It is by no means clear _____the president can do to end the strike.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what10 It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.A. howB. whetherC. whatD. why11 We promise ______attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. whoB. whomC. whoeverD. whomever精选拓展练习1 She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.A. thatB. whatC. that thatD. what what2 He pointed to ______ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.”that B. what C. which D. as3 “When ______ leave for Japan？” “When ______ leave for Japan is kept secret.”A. they will, will theyB. will they, they willC. they will, they willD. will they, will they4 They lost their way in the forest, and _______ made matters worse was that night began to fall.A.itB. whichC. thatD. what5 It has come to my notice _______ some of you have missed classes.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. when6 People have heard _______ the President has said; they are waiting to see _______ he will do.A. how, howB. what, whatC. when, howD. that, what7 When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule：Always give the monkey exactly _______ he wants.A. whatB. whichC. whenD. that8 These wild flowers are so special I would do _______ I can to save them.whichever B. that C. which D. whatever9 ______a plan to deal with it is important.A What we should work outB We should work outC That we should work outD That what we should work out10 -I saw your neighbor break your window with a stone. -______it made me really mad.A That he brokeB What he brokeC He brokeD His break11 I don’t doubt _____my friend Lee will return to China after she graduates from college.A thatB whenC whetherD if12 The suit fitted him well _____the color was a little brighter.A except forB except thatC except whenD besides13 Human beings are different from animals ______they can use languages as a tool to communicate.A in thatB for thatC in whichD for which14 The fire destroyed ______was in the building.A allB whatC thatD which15 They are teachers and don’t realize _____to start and run a company.A what takes itB what they takeC what takes themD what it takes16 The soldiers soon reached _____ was once an old temple _____the villagers used as a school.A which; whereB what; whichC where; whichD what; where17 -Don’t you believe me? -____, I will believe _____you say.A No; whateverB Yes; no matter whatC No; no matter whatD Yes; whatever18 _____we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A IfB WhetherC ThatD Where19 All the books are here. You may borrow _____you like.A whichB thatC whatD whichever20 _____or not she can win the first is still unknown.A IfB WhoC WhetherD When21 The doctor suggested that people _____ when the morning air is bad.A not exerciseB should be exercisingC not exercisingD not exercising22 The shoes and mud on the floor _____ that he has come back home.A suggestsB suggestedC should suggestD would suggest23 He insisted that he ________ in good health and _______ to work there.A. be, was sentB. is, is sentC. was, be sentD. be, send24 _______ team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. WhichB. ThatC. IfD. How25 ________ you have seen things like these before doesn't matter.A. IfB. WhetherC. WhatD. When阅读材料At sixty-five，Francis Chichester set out to sail single-handed round the world. This is the story of thatadventure.Before he sailed round the world single-handed, Francis Chichester had already surprised his friends several times. He had tried to fly round the world but failed. That was in 1931.The years passed. He gave up flying and began sailing. He enjoyed it greatly. Chichester was already 58 years old when he won the first solo（single-handed）transatlantic sailing race. His old dream of going round the world came back, but this time he would sail. His friends and doctors did not think he could do it, as he had lung cancer. But Chichester was determined to carry out his plan. In August, 1963, at the age of nearly sixty-five, an age when many men retire, he began the greatest voyage of his life. Soon, he was away in this new 16-metre boat, Gipsy Moth.Chichester followed the route of the great nineteenth century clipper ships（快速帆船）. But the clippers had had plenty of crew. Chichester did it all by himself, even after the main steering device（掌舵装置）had been damaged by gales（very strong wind）. Chichester covered 14, 100 miles before stopping in Sydney, Australia. This was more than twice the distance anyone had previously sailed alone.He arrived in Australia on 12 December, just 107 days out from England. He received a warm welcome from the Australians and from his family who had flown there to meet him. On shore, Chichester could not walk without help. Everybody said the same thing: he had done enough; he must not go any further. But he did not listen.After resting in Sydney for a few weeks, Chichester set off once more in spite of his friends' attempts to dissuade(stop) him. The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part, during which he sailed round the treacherous (more dangerous than it seems)Cape Horn.合恩角（南美洲最南端的海角）On 29 January he left Australia. The next night, the blackest he had ever known, the sea became so rough that the boat almost turned over. Food, clothes, and broken glass were all mixed together. Fortunately, the damage to the boat was not too serious. Chichester calmly got into bed and went to sleep. When he woke up, the sea had become calm,but the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, will be on an island 885 miles away.After succeeding in sailing round Cape Horn, Chichester sent the following radio message to London:" I feel as if I had wakened from a nightmare. Wild horses could not drag me down to Cape Horn and that sinister 邪恶的Southern Ocean again."Just before 9 o'clock on Sunday evening 28 May, 1967, he arrived back in England, where a quarter of a million people were waiting to welcome him. Queen Elizabeth II knighted him with the very sword that Queen Elizabeth I had used almost 400 years earlier to knight Sir Francis Drake after he had sailed round the world for the first time. The whole voyage from England and back had covered 28, 500 miles. It had taken him nine months , of which the sailing time was 226 days. He had done what he wanted to accomplish.（finish successfully）Like many other adventurers, Chichester had experienced fear and conquered（o vercome）it. In doing so, he had undoubtedly learnt something about himself. Moreover, in the modern age when human beings depend so much on machines, he had given men throughout the world new pride.。