语义学

Portion-mass:
the relationship between a portion and the mass from which the portion is taken. e.g. slice bread
Part 03: analysis
Lex来自百度文库cal relations
Form relations Sense relations Object relations
类义语义场：非共同义素在概念意义上存在种别差异
Meronymy:
a part-whole relationship between lexical items. A meronym denotes a constituent part of , or a member of something. e.g. finger hand
Form relations
形体关系： 包括声音形体 和拼写；意义 之间无关联性
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Object relations Sense relations
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实体关系：
意义关系：
意义之间有关 联性
所指对象之间 的关系
Part 02 Classification
John Lyons’s Semantics(1977)discusses many of the topics in this chapter at greater length Cruse(1986) is a very useful and detailed discussion of word meaning and lexical relations Lehrer and Feder(1992)contains applications of the concept of lexical fields to the study of lexical relations， Evens(1988)is a collection of papers outlining different lines of research in lexical relations George Lakoff(1987)is an enjoyable and stimulating discussion of the relationship between conceptual categories and words． Svenstn(1993)is an introduction to the practical issues involved in creating dictionaries．
反义语义场：非共同义素的不同也是概念意义的差异，但却不是种别上的差异，而是含义相反或相 对。
Hyponymy:
the lexical relation described in English by the phrase kind/type/ sort of. A hyponym is a word or phrase whose semantic field is include within that of another word, its hypernym or superordinate e.g. fruit apple banana pear
John I. Saeed : Semantics
Homonymy
Polysemy
Synonymy
Antonymy
同音同形异 义关系
Hyponymy
多义性
同义关系
反义关系
Meronymy
Membercollection
Portion-mass
下义关系
组成部分和 整体的关系
个体和集 体的关系
部分和整体 的关系
colloquial or formal
e.g. father daddy
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Dialectal synonyms: different dialects e.g. autumn(British) fall (American)
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Collocational synonyms: Collocation e.g. occuse…of charge…with
词项：词项是一个义项同词语的语音形式的结合体，是一种“词汇—语义”双重性质的单位。词项 是概念的表现者，从形式上看，它是一个词的形式，从意义上看，它是一个义项。 一个多义词：若干个词项的复合体。
Synonymy:
Synonyms are different words with identical or very similar meanings. The state of being a synonym is called synonymy.
同体语义场：具有层级性的整体词项和部分词项形成的词项聚合
Member-collection: the relationship between
which the member belongs. e.g student class
同集语义场：具有相同性质的元素构成的集合
a member and collective to
Homonymy:
A homonym is one of a group of words that share the same spelling and the same pronunciation, but have different meanings. The state of the being a homonym is called homonymy. 1 Homographs
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Semantically different synonyms: differ slightly e.g. Allege proclaim
同义语义场：概念意义完全相同，修辞意义等不一样。
Antonymy:
It has been commonly used as a term that is synonymous with opposite. Antonyms are words with opposite or nearly opposite meanings.
Stylistic synonyms: different styles, Synonyms that differ in their emotive or evaluative meaning: Portray positive or negative attitudes. e.g. mean economical
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Complementary antonyms Gradable antonyms: Rational antonyms: (互补反义词 ) (可分等级的反义词 ) 该原创PPT模板来自 该原创PPT模板来自 该原创PPT模板来自 该原创PPT 模板来自 (关系反义词 ) 公众号：趣你的 PPT absolute 公众号：趣你的PPT 公众号：趣你的PPT 公众号：趣你的PPT Pairs that express Opposite end of a continuous Pairs in which one describes a opposites spectrum of meanings relationship between two objects e.g. male female e.g. hot cold and the other describes the same relationship when the two objects are reversed e.g. parent child
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2 Homophones
The same pronunciation regardless of how they are spelled bow(a type of knot) too
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The same spelling regardless of how they are pronounced
Lexical Relations
目录 CONTENTS
Part 01 Introduction
Part 02
Part 03
Classification
Analysis
Part 01:introduction
Lexical relations 词汇之间的关系
Sense relations
词汇之间的关系类型
e.g. bow(the front of a ship) to two
Polysemy:
the capacity for a sign or signs to have multiple meanings. A polyseme is a word or phrase with multiple , related meanings. e.g. bank (a) a financial institution (b)the building where a financial institution offers services (c)a synonym for “rely upon”(e.g. I’m your friend, you can bank on me.) Polysemous items are assigned distinct senses in an entry ,while homonyms are treated in different entries. e.g. face foot over get lap hooker sole mail