英语语法 虚拟语气(练习)

虚拟语气

一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目几乎是四、六级必考的内容，也是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚

(win the first prize)的话，我会把奖金送给阿Sam。

If I won/should win/were to win the first prize in the Foshan University Students English Speaking Contest held in May, I would give my reward to Sam.

If I win the first …, I will give …

要是我爸是李嘉诚的话，我一定不用为钱发愁。

If my father were Li Jia Cheng, I wouldn’t worry about money.

Were my father Li Jia Cheng, I wouldn’t …

要是日本没有发生地震的话，我一定去放炸弹(blast)。

If Japan hadn’t had the earthquake, I would have blasted it.

Hadn’t Japan had the earthquake, I …

1

要是将来我有钱了，我一定回来娶你。

If I were rich one day, I would marry you.

→Were I rich one day, I …

If I should be rich one day, I would marry you.

→Should I be rich one day, I …

If I were to be rich one day, I would marry you.

→Were I to be rich one day, I …

(If I am rich one day, I will marry you.)

1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。

1) If places ______ a like, there would be little need for geographers.

A. being

B. are

C. be

D. were

2) If I _____ the meaning of the word, I wouldn't have to look it up.

A. know

B. knew

C. known

D. knowing

2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。

例：1995年6月四级第46题

We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _____ him,

A) would have telephoned B) must have telephoned

C) would telephone D) had telephoned

3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形。

2

例：1996年1月四级第44题

Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.

A. has to get

B. had got

C. were to get

D. could have got

※二. 省略If的几种情况

1. 当条件状语从句的谓语部分含有had、should、或were时，就将这样的词had、should、或were搬到句首把句子写成倒装句而将连词if省略。例如：

If you were the manager here, what would you do? 你若是这里的经理，你会怎么办？

If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. 要是他再那样做，他会被立即解雇的。

2. 由某些介词短语取代了if引导的条件状语从句。例如：

Without air, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气，地球上就不会有生命了。

But for your help, the little boy would have been drowned. 要是没有你们的帮助，那个小男孩早就淹死了。

We could have done the work better in that case. 要是那样的话，我们本可以把工作干得更好一些的。

3. 由上下文的交代而省略了if引导的条件状语从句。在这种情况下，上下文事实上就是一个表示违背事实的条件句。上下文如果是由一个句子介绍的，那么这个取代了if条件状语从句的句子应该用直陈语气；而起主句作用的句子则要用虚拟语气。例如：

He would have come to see you earlier but he just came back from his business trip .（本句中的上下文是：but he just came back from his business trip，表示：要是他在家没出差的话）他本来早就来看你了，可他却

3