2020高考英语考点特殊句式倒装句、感叹句、强调句

2020高考英语考点特殊句式倒装句、感叹句、强调句
知识讲解
知识点一强调句的基本结构及用法
(一)基本句型
1.It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...
如：It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. (强调方式状语)
2.一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that+其他
如：Was it at five o’clock that he came back from work?
3.特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is/was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他
如：When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?
4.含有not...until...的强调句型：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that...。

如：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
(二)强调谓语动词
强调谓语动词时，要在所强调的谓语动词前加助动词do, does或did。

如：The family did manage to send him to a technical school.
知识点二倒装句的结构及用法
(一)部分倒装
部分倒装是指把谓语的一部分（助动词、系动词或情态动词）置于主语之前。

这类句型主要有以下几种形式：
1.当否定词或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，常用部分倒装。

这类词或短语有：little, few, never, seldom, rarely, by no means, not only, not until, at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, in no way, no sooner, hardly, scarcely等。

如：Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.
2.当only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，用部分倒装。

如：Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.
3.so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装。

(1)“so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物,意为“……也是如此”。

如：
—I’ve got an enormous amount of work to do.
—So have I.
(2)“neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物，意为“……也不这样”。

如：This is not my story,nor is it the whole story. My story plays out differently.
4.在so/such...that...结构中，当“so+形容词/副词”或“such+名词”位于句首时，用部分倒装。

如：So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.
5.在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。

如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。

如：Hard as they tried,they couldn’t make her change her mind.
6.在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had, were, should提到主语前面。

如：Should he (=If he should) come, tell him to ring me up.
(二)完全倒装
完全倒装是指将谓语动词完全提到主语之前。

1.表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away,
out等置于句首时,且主语是名词,谓语动词是不及物动词,句子需用完全倒装。

此时,句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。

如：The moment the bell rang,out rushed the children.
注意：主语为人称代词时，则不倒装。

The moment the bell rang,out they rushed.
2.当地点状语位于句首，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词时，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。

如：Next door to ours live a foreign couple,who seem to have settled into life in China.
3.有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语+系动词+主语”的完全倒装结构。

如：Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests.
知识点三其他特殊句式的结构及用法
(一)省略句
1.状语从句的省略:当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be 动词，构成下列结构：连词+形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。

如：Although small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. 2.不定式的省略
(1)在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to。

否定形式的省略用not to。

但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been，通常保留这些词。

(2)but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词do，后接不定式时，要省略to，但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略to。

(3)help后接不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，可省略to，也可不省略。

如：They did nothing but watch TV last night.
(二)感叹句
感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。

常见句型：
1.What+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语
=How+形容词+a/an+单词名词+主语+谓语
2.What+(形容词)+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语
3.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语
4.How+主语+谓语
如：What a strange plant(=How strange a plant)! I’ve never seen it before. (三)祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。

祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。

祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don’t，也可用副词never构成。

祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。

祈使句的常见句型：
1.祈使句+and+简单句“如果……就……”
2.祈使句+or/otherwise+简单句“……否则……”
3.名词词组(多含有more,another)+and+简单句“如果再……就……”。

如：One more day, and I’ll get everything ready.
五个重要的固定句型：
(1)“so/neither/nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示“前一句中的内容也适合于另一人或另一事物”。

He came last night, so did I.
①如果表示对前面内容的肯定，不使用倒装句式。

—It is hot today.
—So it is.
②此句型也可写成It is/was the same with+主语或So it is/was with+主语.
—Tom is clever and he works hard.
—So it is with Jack.
(2)在“so+adj./adv...that...”句型中，如果so+adj./adv.置于句首，主句用部分倒装，that从句不倒装。

So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. (3)在“not only...,but(also)...”句型中，如果not only置于句首，需将not only引导的句子倒装，但but(also)引导的句子不倒装。

Not only will help be given to people to find jobs,but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
(4)当“not until...”置于句首时，until从句的主谓不可倒装，而只是主句需要倒装。

Not until he returned did we have supper.
(5)在as引导的让步状语从句中，通常使用倒装语序(表语/状语/动词原形+as+主语)。

Tired as he was,he still went on with his work.
Try as he might,he didn’t pass the exam.
易混点
分不清主句还是从句使用倒装的形式。

在not only...but also,hardly...when...等的句子结构中，带有否定意义的词汇的句子使用倒装的形式，另一个句子不用倒装句，不要混淆。

即:not only,hardly等后面的句子使用倒装句，而but also, when 后面的句子不用倒装形式。

not until和“only+状语从句”放于句首的结构中，
主句使用倒装，从句不用倒装。

真题演练
1.It was when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.(湖南真题)
that 解析：本题考查强调句型。

句意：当我们返回家的时候，我才意识到帮助身处困境的人感觉真好。

分析句子结构可知此处是一个强调句型，在这里强调时间状语，故填that。

2.Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.(重庆真题)
that 解析：本题考查强调句型。

句意：巴赫在1750年去世，但是直到19世纪初他的音乐天赋才得到完全认可。

分析句子结构可知，该题是“It is/was...that...”句型,是一个强调句，所以填that。

注：如果原句中含有“not...until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not 连同状语一起提前。

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
3.—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, you? (重庆真题)
didn’t 解析：本题考查反意疑问句。

句意：去年夏天我在伦敦待了两周。

那么在逗留期间，你一定参观过大英博物馆，是吧？本句是一个反意疑问句，陈述部分有表示推测的情态动词must，附加问句的动词与must后的动词一致，再根据上一句中的last summer判断，本空填didn’t。

注：反意疑问句由两部分构成：前一部分用陈述句形式，后一部分是一个附加在前一部分上的简短问句。

陈述部分用肯定形式时，附加问句部分用否定形
式，反之亦然。

附加问句部分的动词形式及主语由陈述句决定，而且主语必须是代词。

4.he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.(天津真题)
Had 解析：本题考查倒装句型。

句意：如果他赶上了早上的火车，他是不会开会迟到的。

结合句意可知，从句为对过去事实的虚拟，在非真实条件句中，if 可省略，句子要求倒装，故答案为Had。

5.It was the culture, rather than the language,made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(福建真题)
that 解析：本题考查强调句型。

句意：正是文化，而不是语言使得他很难适应国外的新环境。

分析句子结构可知，空处为强调句式中所缺部分that。

去掉It was that，本句为：The culture, rather than the language made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
6.Not once it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.(湖南真题)
did 解析：本题考查倒装句型。

句意：迈克尔从来没有想过有一天他会成为班上的优等生。

句首有Not once，主句应使用部分倒装，由从句的时态可知填did。

注：否定副词或短语never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, at no time, by no means, in no case等置于句首时，主句应使用部分倒装。

如：Never before have I seen such a moving film.
7.It was with the help of the local guide the mountain climber was rescued.(重庆真题)
that 解析：本题考查强调句型。

句意：正是在当地导游的帮助下，那位爬山者
被营救了。

此句去掉it was和空格处后句子依然成立，所以此句是强调句式，故填that，强调的是句子的状语部分。

8. “for a second, ”the boy says, “I doubt that my father would come to my rescue. ” (江苏真题)
did 解析：本题考查倒装句型。

句意：这个男孩说：“我从来没有怀疑过我爸爸会来救我。

”分析句子结构可知，句中有Never for a second置于句首，所以句子用部分倒装，再结合would come to...可知，这里说的是过去发生的事情，所以通过助动词did构成部分倒装。

注：含有否定意义的副词或介词短语(not, never, seldom, little, hardly, by no means, not until, on no condition, in no case, under no circumstances)位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。

课后小测
1.It was after Mrs.Dodd became an adult she realized the strength and selflessness her father had shown in raising his children as a single parent.
that 解析：句意：只有当Dodd夫人成人后才意识到她的单亲父亲在养育自己孩子过程中显示的力量和无私。

本句为强调句型，被强调部分为after Mrs.Dodd became an adult，故答案为that。

2.—Was Bill, who played basketball very well,helped the blind man cross the road?
—Yes, of course. He is always ready to help others.(2017江苏宿迁三校联考)
it; that 解析：句意：是那个篮球打得非常好的比尔帮助那个盲人过马路的吗?是的，当然是。

他总是乐意帮助别人。

第一句为强调句的一般疑问句形式，即Is/Was it+被强调部分+that+其他。

3.It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks I found we
had a lot in common.
that 解析：句意：直到我们在一起待了几个星期我才发现我们有许多共同之处。

not until句式的强调有固定的句型，即It is/was not until...that...。

4.In my opinion, for one thing,it is to realize our value, our idea matters
a lot.
that 解析：句意：在我看来，一方面，是意识到我们的价值和思想更要紧。

所填词与句首的it is一起构成强调句式，被强调的是目的状语，故填that。

5.It rained heavily overnight and not until this morning it stop.
did 解析：句意：大雨下了一整夜，直到今天早晨才停了下来。

not until...置于句首，后面的主谓语需用倒装形式，本句介绍的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时,故设空处填did。

6.The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor he give it a thought.
will解析：句意：校长决不允许课程有任何变化，他也不会考虑一下。

分析句子结构可知，否定词nor位于句首，所以要用部分倒装，再由前一句中的will
可知答案。

7.Not until he left his home he begin to know how important the family was for him.
did 解析：句意：直到离开家他才开始明白家庭对于他来说是多么重要。

not until...位于句首，主句用部分倒装，根据时间状语从句的过去时判断本空填did。

8.The ground is wet all over, so I’m sure it must have rained last night,it? didn’t 解析：句意：地面都湿了，因此我确信昨晚一定下雨了，是不是? 本题
考查反意疑问句。

“I’m sure+从句”的反意疑问部分的动词形式需根据该从句谓语动词形式而定，因为it must have rained last night含明显的一般过去时的时间状语last night，故答案为didn’t。

9.is little doubt that he is innocent.
There 解析：句意：不容置疑他是无辜的。

分析句子结构可知，这是固定句式“There is no/little doubt that...”。

10.George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he . didn’t 解析：句意：乔治说他会在第二天来学校看我，但他没有。

由前一分句可知，后一分句应为“he didn’t come to school to see me”，为了避免重复，并列分句中的后一分句出现与前面相同的部分可以省略，但要保留助动词didn’t。

11.When (return) home,I met my old friend Paul in the street.
returning 解析：句意：当我回家时，我在街上遇到了我的老朋友保罗。

return 的逻辑主语与句子主语I一致，且二者之间是主动关系，故填动词-ing形式。

when returning home相当于when I returned home的省略。

12.John opened the door. There (stand) a girl he had never seen before. stood 解析：句意：约翰打开门，门外站着一个他以前从未见过的女孩。

there 开头的是一个完全倒装句，stand应是该倒装句的谓语动词，根据主语he及前一句的时态判断，本空填stood。