2020高考英语考点特殊句式倒装句、感叹句、强调句

2020高考英语考点特殊句式倒装句、感叹句、强调句

知识讲解

知识点一强调句的基本结构及用法

(一)基本句型

1.It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...

如：It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. (强调方式状语)

2.一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that+其他

如：Was it at five o’clock that he came back from work?

3.特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is/was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他

如：When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?

4.含有not...until...的强调句型：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that...。

如：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.

(二)强调谓语动词

强调谓语动词时，要在所强调的谓语动词前加助动词do, does或did。

如：The family did manage to send him to a technical school.

知识点二倒装句的结构及用法

(一)部分倒装

部分倒装是指把谓语的一部分（助动词、系动词或情态动词）置于主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几种形式：

1.当否定词或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，常用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little, few, never, seldom, rarely, by no means, not only, not until, at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, in no way, no sooner, hardly, scarcely等。

如：Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.

2.当only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，用部分倒装。

如：Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.

3.so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装。

(1)“so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物,意为“……也是如此”。如：

—I’ve got an enormous amount of work to do.

—So have I.

(2)“neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物，意为“……也不这样”。

如：This is not my story,nor is it the whole story. My story plays out differently.

4.在so/such...that...结构中，当“so+形容词/副词”或“such+名词”位于句首时，用部分倒装。

如：So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.

5.在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。

如：Hard as they tried,they couldn’t make her change her mind.

6.在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had, were, should提到主语前面。

如：Should he (=If he should) come, tell him to ring me up.

(二)完全倒装

完全倒装是指将谓语动词完全提到主语之前。

1.表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away,

out等置于句首时,且主语是名词,谓语动词是不及物动词,句子需用完全倒装。此时,句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。

如：The moment the bell rang,out rushed the children.

注意：主语为人称代词时，则不倒装。

The moment the bell rang,out they rushed.

2.当地点状语位于句首，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词时，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。

如：Next door to ours live a foreign couple,who seem to have settled into life in China.

3.有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语+系动词+主语”的完全倒装结构。

如：Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests.

知识点三其他特殊句式的结构及用法

(一)省略句

1.状语从句的省略:当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be 动词，构成下列结构：连词+形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。

如：Although small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. 2.不定式的省略

(1)在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to。否定形式的省略用not to。但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been，通常保留这些词。

(2)but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词do，后接不定式时，要省略to，但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略to。