时态和语态

时态和语态

Do you remember these sentences？

A man is hurt badly

Her lost books were usually returned to the library.

It must be called a pen.

Mark Twain wrote this book

=This book __________by Mark Twain.

被动语态的基本构成：

be + 及物动词的过去分词

表示时态表示被动

要变化不变化

例如：

1.It is produced in China.

注意一：

使用被动语态的场合

1.不知道或不必指出动作的执行者时。

如:（1）Computers are widely used in transport.

2.强调动作的承受者时。如：

A library will be built in this city.

注意二：

“be + 过去分词” 并非都是被动语态，系动词be, feel, seem, look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。例如：

1. I’m interested in ma thematics.

2. He seems unsatisfied with his work.

3. Tom was surprised at the news.

注意三：

某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义

lock, open, shut, move, read, sell, wash, write等动词,用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时,用主动形式表达被动意义,且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。如:

1. The do or doesn’t open easily.

2. Bikes of that kind hardly sell.

注意四：

1. need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth后面,常跟动词-ing形式,用主动形式表达被动意义。如:

This dictionary is well worth buying.

2. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等形容词后面跟动词不定式,用主动形式表被动意义,并且该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。如:

What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.

3.不定式作定语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时,用动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如:

She has an old grandfather to look after.

4.“主语＋系动词＋to do”结构也是主动形式表被动意义, 主要用于“sth. ＋be to let / rent”或“sb. ＋be ＋to blame”结构中。如:

It’s not my fault. She is to blame.

高中英语动词时态和语态专项练习题

语境中的时态和语态具有灵活多变的特点，因此找出隐含于上下文中的时间信息，正确认定动作行为所发生的时间是解题的关键。做动词时态和语态填空题时，常常按以下几个步骤：(1)注意题干所提供的信息，如语境、情景以及说话人的情感;(2)根据句中的时间状语以及一些副词判断时态;(3)考虑语态;(4)考虑时态的一致性。另外，复习时，还要涉及到短暂性动词与延续性动词，这两个概念一定要搞清。短暂性动词用于进行时态和完成时态都要受到限制动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组

come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed

It took place before liberation.

考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。

lock ( 锁) ; wash ( 洗); sell ( 卖); read ( 读); wear ( 穿); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)；write ( 写)；

Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。

The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。

The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。

The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。

考点三：一些常用经典被动句型：It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…，It is expected…, It is estimated…,

这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”，“人们认为……”，

而“以前人们认为……” 则应该说：It was believed…, It w as said…

Fill in the blanks:

1. Much of the carbon in the earth ____________ (come) from things that once lived.

2. In the past two decades, research _______________ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream.

3. Some proverbs ____________ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed.

4. ________________ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.

5. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush’s approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling ________________ (begin) in the 19302.

6. Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day ________________ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should.

7. So far, Irving ______________ (live) in New York City for ten years.

8. The patient ________________ (send) to another hospital before we got there.

9. The second half of the nineteenth century _______________ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.

10. All the worries they might have felt for him ________________ (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face.

Multiple choices:

1. I wonder why Jenny ______ us recently. We should have hears from her by now.

A. hasn’t written

B. doesn’t write

C. won’t write

D. hadn’t writ ten

2. Mary _______ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. made

B. is making

C. was making

D. makes

3. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market,________ some bananas and visited her cousin.

A. bought

B. buying

C. to buy

D. buy

4. The volleyball match will be put off if it ______.

A. will rain

B. rains

C. rained

D. is raining

5. -----We haven’t heard of Jane for a long a time.

------What do you suppose ______to her?

A. was happening

B. to happen

C. has happened

D. having happened

6. ---Do you know our town at all?

---No, it’s the first time I ________ here.

A. was

B. have been

C. came

D. am coming

7. ---- You haven’t said a word about my new coat, do you like it?

---- I’m sorry,I ___ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you. A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say