高考英语动词的时态和语态讲解

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时态语态

（一）时态

一般现在时表示:1.现在的经常性、习惯性动作 eg: I read English every morning.

2.客观真理、普遍公立、科学事实eg: The sun rises in the east.

3.现有的兴趣、爱好或能力eg: He likes playing football.

4.现存的性质、特征或状态eg: The situation is encouraging.

5.介绍故事剧情、新闻标题eg: Workers face tough times abroad.

6.按时刻表或按规定计划、安排将要放生的动作（常见动词如：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, takeoff, return, stop, open, close等）eg: The train leaves at 4:30 .

注意：here, there, now, then 等开头的倒装句要用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如： Look! Here comes the bus.

一般过去时表示:1.过去经常性、习惯性的动作或状态eg: He often cried when he was a boy.

2.过去某时的状态或动作 eg: I went to the bank just now.

3.用于 I didn’t know…或 I forgot…，表示实现不知道或不记得，但现在已经知道或记得的事情。eg: I didn’t know you were here. Sorry, I forgot to bring my book.

注意：表示过去经常发生的动作，也可以用“used to do…”和“ would do”

一般将来时表示：1.现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态eg: Tom will come next week.

2.事物的固有属性或必然趋势eg: Oil will float in water. Fish will die without water.

3.对将来某个动作的安排、计划eg: He is going to speak on TV this evening.

注意：将来时常见表达形式：will/ shall do; be going to do; be to do; be about to do （此形式不能与时间状语连用）

现在进行时表示：1.此时此刻正在发生的动作eg: I’m studying English now. 2.现阶段正在发生的动作eg: We are building our socialism.

3.情况的暂时性eg: I don’t really work here. I am just helping until the secretary arrives.

4.与 always, forever, constantly, continually 连用，表示参上或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行eg: He is always helping others. She is always forgetting something.

5.按计划、安排近期发生的动作（只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等动词）eg: A foreigner is coming to visit our school. I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow.

注意：不宜用进行时的动作：感觉类： look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear 情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear 心态类：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, thin, understand, agree, know, remember, forget 所有类：have, contain, won, hold, belong to

过去进行时表示：1.过去某一时刻或阶段发生的动作eg: He was watching TV this time yesterday.

2.与 always, forever, constantly, continually 连用，表示赞赏或亚无等感情色彩eg: Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself.

3.过去计划、安排好的将来动作（只限于 come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay 等动词）eg: He said he was leaving the next day. I was told the train was starting soon.

注意：过去进行时可用来描绘故事发生的背景，如：The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.

过去将来时表示：1.过去某一时刻后将要发生的过去动作或过去的意图、打算（主要用于宾语从句中）eg: She was sure she would succeed. I thought you would come.

注意：把一般将来时中的助动词变成过去式，便成了过去将来时的表达形式

现在完成时表示：1.现在已完成或刚刚完成且对现在有影响的动作eg: I have finished my homework.

2.表示始于过去持续至今的动作或状态eg: He’s lived here since 2005. I’ve taught